Professional Documents
Culture Documents
10.02.14
C.S.
C.Mc.
G.K.
REV.
DATE
DESCRIPTION
DESIGNED
CHECKED
APPROVED
OWNER
PROJECT
CONTRACTOR
SUBCONTRACTOR
APPROVAL/CERTIFICATION INFORMATION
DOC. NO : S-04-HCW-M-40-V001-001
REV. NO : A1
Date :
STATUS :
DOCUMENT TITLE
DOCUMENT NO
NO. OF PAGES
REV.
JESHUE2FAN
S-04-HCW-M-40-V001-001
48
A1
Howden UK Ltd.
INTERMEDIATE COUPLED
CENTRIFUGAL FAN
Howden UK Ltd.
CONTENTS
1.
8.
2.
8.1
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
General Statement
Access and Guards
Erosion and / or Corrosion
Installation
Access to Maintenance and Inspection
Electrical Equipment
Operation
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
9.
Fault Finding
3.
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
Vibration
Noise
Temperature
Pulsation
Motor
10.
4.
Installation
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
Service
Commissioning Spares
Operational Spares (1 to 2 years)
Insurance Spares
11.
5.
Commissioning
5.1
5.2
Pre-commissioning
Start-Up Programme
6.
Operating Instructions
6.1
6.2
6.3
Operating Parameters
Checklist
Operating Limits
7.
Maintenance Instructions
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
Routine Schedule
Cleaning
Bearing Temperature
Vibration Levels
Bearing Lubrication
Coupling
Appendix
Motor Manual
Wiring Diagram
Howden UK Ltd.
SECTION 1
JESHUE2FAN
PROJECT REF. :
H010687 / 02
General Details
Item No.
SA1
Serial No.
B5-H010687-SA-RH
UTILITIES :
N/A
ELECTRICAL SUPPLY :
AIR SUPPLY :
N/A
HYDRAULIC SUPPLY :
N/A
Location
Howden UK Ltd.
SECTION 2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
General
Access and Guards
Erosion and/or corrosion
Installation
Access for Maintenance and Inspection
Electrical Equipment
Operation
Howden UK Ltd.
Howden UK Ltd.
Howden UK Ltd.
SECTION 3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
Howden UK Ltd.
Visually inspect each piece of equipment for outward signs of damage and record any
evidence of possible damage. You may wish to photograph any evidence of damage.
You should check the motor winding insulation resistance and record the noted values.
Care must be taken not to subject thermistors (where fitted) to high test voltages.
Bolt plywood covers to flanges. On the impeller end cover ensure that a cover for a
handhole is provided to allow periodic rotation of the fan.
Carefully position each unit in its clean, dry store. Ensure units are placed well away
from vehicular traffic.
Wooden blanking plates should be bolted to the fan inlet and discharge flanges to
prevent dust and dirt from getting inside.
Slowly turn all rotating parts at regular monthly intervals. This will re-distribute the
lubricants and help prevent brinelling . The impellers must finish at 180o to their former
position. Ensure that the cover is put back on correctly.
Any anti-condensation heaters fitted should be cabled, energised and checked once a
week.
Don't leave fans stationary next to rotating or vibrating machinery for any length of time. It will
cause brinelling of both the fan and the radial vane control bearings and could cause serious
damage to the fan shaft.
Howden UK Ltd.
If fitted, radial inlet vane controls should be modulated several times from fully shut to fully open
to fully shut again, at least once a month. This will help to eliminate possible premature bearing
failure occurring in the future. It is caused by allowing the bearings to settle in one place.
Lightly grease the radial inlet vane control (if one is fitted) operating ring and rollers at least once
every six months, to prevent corrosion in a dirty and / or wet environment. At this time the vane
control turn buckle threads should also be lightly oiled to prevent any unnecessary future
seizure.
Store flexible connections (such as the fan inlet and outlet flexible duct couplings), antivibration mounts and any other loose items supplied with the fans, separately in a
lockable area, complete with their respective packing.
Plugs must be fitted to openings in the motor and fan terminal box. Check that all cover
plates are properly attached. Grease nipples should be protected with plastic tape.
All unprotected threads, spindles and fasteners must be lightly coated with a nonhardening rust preventative substance.
Note: Having stored equipment for long periods it is strongly recommended that a check is
made by one of our Service Engineers prior to installation / commissioning of the fan.
3.3 Short Term Storage (Up to 1 week)
Where not specifically designed for outdoor use, fans should be protected against the
elements. Special attention should be paid to bearings, motors and rotating parts.
Rotating parts should be turned at regular intervals to redistribute the lubricant and help
prevent damage to bearings. Make sure that the impeller finishes at 180o to its former
position.
Don't leave fans stationary next to rotating or vibrating machinery for any length of time.
It will cause brinelling of the bearings and can seriously damage the shaft.
Howden UK Ltd.
In General :
When fans have been in long-term storage, the bearings should be stripped, cleaned and
regreased.
Check clearances as follows:
Blades to housing
Casing seal to shaft (where fitted)
Inlet cones to impeller
Ensure that cables to energise motor-anti condensation heaters are available, where
applicable.
Check that all debris is removed from the inside of the fan casing.
Check the alignment and level of any fitted anti vibration mounts.
Rotate the impeller by hand (if possible) and listen for bearing roughness.
Check motor windings with an insulation tester. Do not subject thermistors (where fitted)
to high voltage.
The dynamic balance of the impeller should be checked, if the fan has been stored for a
long period of time.
Howden UK Ltd.
SECTION 4
INSTALLATION
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
Howden UK Ltd.
INSTALLATION
4.1 Receipt and Offloading
Check all items against packing note and for mechanical damage. If any items are damaged or
missing then this must be pointed out to Howden UK Ltd immediately.
4.2 Base Preparation
A rigid, level foundation or support structure is vital for smooth, trouble-free operation.
It is essential that the fan mounting points are in the same horizontal plane, as any misalignment
may cause distortion of the fan baseframe.
4.3 Foundations
Reinforced concrete is recommended as the best type of foundation for our equipment.
The minimum weight of concrete should be about four time the combined weight of all rotating
parts or twice the dead weight of the whole unit, whichever is greater.
Substantial steel supports can be used, but must be well braced in all directions. A rigid level
foundation is vital for smooth, troublefree, quiet operation and the minimum natural frequency of
any part of the structure must be 50% higher than the greatest running speed of our equipment.
Checks
Before the fan is erected the foundations should always be checked to the specific fan
arrangement drawings as follows:
Concrete foundations
Check the height and ensure that there is the required grouting allowance between the
foundations and the fan base.
Check the location of the holding down bolt pockets.
The location of the plinths should be checked against the fan layout drawing.
Use steel packers to obtain the correct height of the fan. The packers should be approximately
the same width as the baseplate or pedestal flange and be placed close to the holding down
bolts.
Supporting Steelwork
Steelwork levels should be checked (this includes the holes in the various beams). The
steelwork should be level and rigid. All bolts should be tight. Welded supporting structures are
preferable.
Howden UK Ltd.
Experience has proved that bolted structures are less satisfactory than those that are riveted
and can be an inherent cause of vibration. If the structure is bolted, holes should be reamed
and fitted bolts with locking washers used. Fans can be fitted with anti-vibration mountings.
4.4 Fan Unit
The fan units have been fully assembled and tested in our works. To allow access to the final
location the fans have been stripped down as follows:
Identify all parts for each fan and move to an area adjacent to their foundations.
Lift bottom half fan casing into position.
Check inlet and discharge centrelines are aligned with duct work connections.
Lift pedestal and base frame section into position.
Align 6mm dowel holes at connection flanges, fit all bolts and tighten.
Using packers level the pedestal. Use machined surfaces at bearing as a datum.
Ensure any packing required to level the fan is fitted at both sides of the holding down bolts.
Torque holding down bolt and check level. Re-pack if required.
Remove impeller and shaft from packaging.
Remove all transport grease from bearing races.
Sling the impeller and shaft assembly so the shaft is horizontal. Note nylon webbing slings are
required.
Care must be taken to ensure the bearing races are not damaged during lifting.
Remove the caps from the bearing housings and lower the fan shaft into position taking great
care not to damage the bearing races or housing.
Check bearing seals are correctly located in the housing and havent been displaced during
shaft fitting.
Re-pack bearing races with grease as per GA drawings.
Fit bearing caps.
Fit top half casing. The flange joints have been dowelled during factory assembly. Align the
dowels and then fit all fasteners.
Remove inlet cone assembly from packaging.
Check and align dowel holes in the fan casing. Fit and tighten all fasteners.
Check cone penetration and radial clearances against GA drawing.
Fit and align coupling as per tolerances in GA drawing.
Connecting ductwork can only be tightened to a fan unit once it has been fully assembled and
bolted down securely.
Howden UK Ltd.
On no account should the fan casing support the weight of connecting ductwork, or be subject to
thermal or dynamic loads from ductwork. It is recommended that expansion joints be fitted
between inlet and discharge flanges and connecting ductwork.
Inferior concrete foundations or grouting can be inherent cause of fan vibration. The only
satisfactory solution is to renew concrete or grouting with a stronger mixture of good quality
material (see section 4.3 for fuller details).
Make sure that the plinth is feathered into the concrete floor or supporting steelwork.
Where concrete foundations are used it is recommended that tapered bolt pockets are used for
the fasteners between the baseframe and the support block.
4.5 Flexible Connections
On smaller units, the flexible connections are assembled in the factory. On larger units, the
connections will require fitting to the fan by the client.
Care should be taken not to stretch the flexible connections beyond the nominal length stated on
the fan G.A. drawing in this manual.
Howden UK Ltd.
SECTION 5
COMMISSIONING
5.1 Pre-commissioning
5.2 Start-Up Programme
Howden UK Ltd.
COMMISSIONING
5.1 Pre-commissioning
Before starting any fan for the first time (or after overhaul) check that all tools and other loose
objects have been removed from inside the fan casing, the duct and from the vicinity of the
moving parts.
You must also:
Check that all shaft and drive guards are correctly fitted.
Make sure that all bearings are filled to the correct levels with the correct lubricant (as
recommended on the fan G.A. drawing in this manual and as described in Section 8.
Make sure that the drive coupling is correctly aligned as described in section 7.6.
5.2 Start-Up
Having carried out all of the checks in section 5.1 you are now ready to start the fan.
Starting Procedure
Starting procedure varies with the type of electrical control equipment supplied. Instructions are
usually clearly marked on the control equipment or refer to the respective manual.
On Starting
Check that no rubbing noise is occurring. If there is, then stop the unit immediately and set
about rectifying it.
For the first half hour:
Allow the equipment to run for half an hour and check periodically for noise, vibration and
overheating. If any of these is present then the equipment should be stopped immediately and
not restarted until the fault has been located and rectified. See section 9 for a fault finding
guide.
Howden UK Ltd.
SECTION 6
OPERATION
Howden UK Ltd.
OPERATION INSTRUCTIONS
6.1 Operating Parameters
The equipment supplied must only be operated at the duties specified on the fan G.A. drawing in
this manual.
Operation outwith these limits will jeopardise safety and integrity.
Key operational parameters are :
6.2 Checklist
For the safe operation of the plant, checks must be made at the intervals specified in section
7.1.
The fan bearing temperatures should be checked daily, where access makes this practical.
The fan vibration levels should be checked daily, where practicable.
The fan bearing lubrication should, where applicable, be checked in accordance with the
directions given in the fan G.A. drawing.
The impellers and shafts on standby and emergency fans should be rotated once a week, to
prevent brinelling.
The motor bearings should be checked with special attention given to their lubrication. The
motor manufacturer will specify how often checks should be carried out.
Drive alignment should be check once each month.
The impeller should be inspected for wear and deterioration and cleaned as required, especially
when the fan is in an erosive, corrosive or dusty environment. Operating experience will
indicate how often such checks are necessary.
The impeller must certainly by checked at least every 6 months, irrespective of its environment.
At the same time make sure that the fasteners are tight.
The fan should be stripped down, examined and relubricated once a year. Its fan and motor
bearings should be replaced where necessary.
Howden UK Ltd.
The fan casing and other static parts should be visually examined for wear or paint deterioration
once a year.
6.3 Operational Limits
Due to out of balance and other sources of vibration associated with fans the following table
indicates the normal and allowable horizontal and vertical vibration levels of our products. Also
shown are levels at which corrective action is required. All values shown are in RMS velocity
mm/s, filter out, as measured on the bearing housing, horizontal centreline, using a hand held or
permanently installed seismic measuring device.
Operating Speed
Rpm
All
Horizontal, Vertical
Axial
Rigidly Mounted
Horizontal, Vertical
Axial
Flexibly Mounted
4.5
7.1
6.3
11.8
12.5
Alarm : 80oC
Trip :
90oC
Howden UK Ltd.
SECTION 7
MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
Routine Schedule
Cleaning
Bearing Temperature
Vibration Levels
Bearing Lubrication
Couplings
Howden UK Ltd.
MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS
7.1 Routine Schedule
Check fan bearing temperatures.
Daily
Weekly
Weekly
Weekly
Monthly
As above
Every 6 months
Annually
Annually
7.2 Cleaning
Note : Before maintenance work of any kind is carried out, the drive motor must be isolated and
the impeller stationary.
Cleaning
Cleaning of impellers is dependent on the fan composition and fan duty. However,
recommended methods are :
a) Water washing
b) Steam Cleaning
c) Shot blasting
Take great care not to reduce the material thickness of any part of the impeller. If you are in any
doubt after cleaning the impeller, contact Howden UK Ltd immediately.
Howden UK Ltd.
The build up of dust and dirt on the impellers causes out of balance, resulting in high levels of
vibration at the bearings. It is therefore vital that the impellers are regularly cleaned, to protect
the long term integrity of the rotating components.
7.3 Bearing Temperatures
Position a thermocouple in each bearing block, as close to the bearing outer race as possible.
Monitor the bearing temperature, recording the temperature at intervals until stable and also the
time taken to reach that stable level (stable bearing temperature should normally be reached
within an hour of start up). The maximum recorded temperature should not exceed 90oC
unless specifically agreed by Howden UK Ltd. You should also record the ambient
temperature as part of this maintenance procedure. If temporary thermocouples are used, they
should be removed after the test has been carried out.
7.4 Vibration Levels
Vibration will be affected by the security of the fan mounting and the integrity of the foundations,
as well as the balance condition of the fan impeller rotor assembly. Under normal running
conditions the fan should operate within the start-up range as shown in section 6.3.
The vibration severity level of the commissioned fan should be at or below the Normal level.
As operation of the fan increases with time, it is expected that the vibration will increase due to
wear and other accumulated effects. In general, an increase in vibration is reasonable and safe
as long as the level does not reach alarm. The usual cause, found by analysis, is generally out
of balance.
If the vibration severity level increases to the alarm level, vibration analysis should be initiated
immediately to determine the cause of the increase and action taken to correct it. Operation at
this condition should be carefully monitored and limited to the time required to develop a
programme for correcting the cause of the increased vibration.
If the vibration severity level increases to the shut down level, corrective action should be taken
immediately or the fan should be shut down. Failure to reduce the shut down level vibration to
the acceptable recommended level could lead to bearing failure, cracking of rotor parts and fan
housing structural welds, and ultimately, a catastrophic failure.
Note : A stall condition occurs when the fan operates on the unstable region of its pressure
volume characteristic curve and hence away from its selected operating point. Prolonged
operation in stall must be avoided as this will lead to premature failure of the rotating equipment.
Howden UK Ltd.
REMEDY
a) Build up on impeller
g) Weak foundations
Reinforce
Howden UK Ltd.
7.6 Coupling
Shaft and Coupling Alignment
Refer to the drawing "Shaft and Coupling Alignment" at the end of this section.
Accurate alignment of the driving and driven shafts is extremely important. Coupling
misalignment causes vibration resulting in damage to the drive train components. Shaft
alignment can be achieved using special coupling alignment equipment and must be carried out
before fitting your flexible coupling. This procedure will then leave the coupling to cater for the
inevitable misalignment that will occur due to bearing wear and thermal expansion.
The alignment equipment is suitable for distances between shaft ends (DBSE) of up to 9 inches.
Measuring beyond this limit will cause wrong readings due to sag, and result in an inaccurate
alignment. Brackets and rods should be designed for distances greater than 9 inches. The
coupling alignment tolerance is shown on the fan G.A. drawing in this manual.
Procedure
Assemble the clocks and rods in accordance with Figure A on the drawing.
Mount the clocks in the middle of the hub flanges, positioning them at the end and setting them
to zero. Rotate the hubs to ensure that the rods are clear of the arms and that the clocks are
reading at the bottom position. Checks for bad plate twist by tightening and releasing each
motor foot in turn. Shim the motor feet until the clocks show an equal reading, thus indicating
that the feet are level.
It is important to start with the motor central to the bearing hub. Use the clock secured to the fan
shaft hub to obtain the side readings from the motor hub. Adjust the position of the motor until
these side readings are equal, as shown in Fig 1 on the drawing. Once you are satisfied that
the readings are equal firmly tighten down the motor.
Position the clocks at the top and set them to zero then rotate both hubs together through 180o.
Record the total indicator reading (TIR) for each clock. The example in Fig 2 shows a fan shaft
hub reading of 0.056 inches and a motor hub reading of + 0.042 inches.
As shown in Fig 3 measure the distance between the clock anvils (this distance is called 'C').
Measure the distances from the clock anvil on the driven hub to the centre of the bolt heads on
the motor feet (shown as F1 and F2 on Fig 3).
The measurements C F1 and F2 should then be plotted on scale A of the coupling alignment
record graph. A vertical line should then be drawn down from these points.
Note that Scale A is graduated in inches. For bed plates longer than 25 inches, it will be
necessary to extend the graph by multiplying the scale by a suitable factor. Scale B is
graduated in 0.001 inch and remains constant.
Howden UK Ltd.
Halve the reading from the fan shaft hub clock and plot this value on Scale B of the graph.
Minus readings for the fan shaft hub are plotted below the zeros line, plus reading above the
line. e.g. A clock reading of -0.056 inches TIR would be plotted as 0.028 below the centre line.
Plot on the C-line of the motor hub reading. Plus readings are plotted below the centre line and
minus readings above the line. e.g. Motor hub reading of 0.042 inches TIR would be plotted as
0.021 on line C below the centre line.
Draw a line from the fan shaft hub value (0.028 in our example) on scale B, through the motor
value (example of 0.021) on the vertical line C and project this line through the second and third
vertical lines (the F1 and F2 lines).
The correction required to level the motor feet is the distance measured from the point where
the line crosses lines GF1 (and then F2) to the zero line. e.g. front foot, F1, requires +0.015
inches correction and back foot, F2, requires +0.005 inches correction.
Correct the horizontal alignment of the motor by taking side readings on the hubs, with both
clocks and tighten moving the motor to a position where the clocks show the motor to be central.
Side jacking bolts make this movement comparatively easy (their addition to the motor bed
plates is recommended).
Confirm the DBSE value against the coupling specification and secure the fixing bolts.
Howden UK Ltd.
Howden UK Ltd.
SECTION 8
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
Howden UK Ltd.
Up to 1 day
Replace Motors
Up to 2 days
Up to 6 days
Howden UK Ltd.
Howden UK Ltd.
Mounting Sequence
Figure 1 - Wipe the preservative from the sleeve and bearing bores, then lightly oil the sleeve's
outer surface, using thin mineral oil.
Figure 2 - Before mounting the bearing, measure the radial internal clearance with a feeler
gauge, since the reduction of internal clearance is used as a measure of interference. Stand the
bearing on a clean work surface and rotate the inner ring a few times. Use a blade slightly
thinner than the minimum value of the clearance before mounting (see the accompanying table
for the clearance value). Insert the blade over the roller next to the uppermost roller. In that
position, measure with increasingly thicker blades until, when attempting to pull out the blade,
there is a slight resistance.
Figure 3 - Smear molybdenum disulphide paste (or similar lubricant) onto the thread and also
the locking washer which will abut the bearing.
Figure 4 - Open the sleeve slightly and slide it into the correct position on the shaft.
Figure 5 - This figure shows the nut, the locking washer, the bearing and the sleeve fitted to the
shaft. Place the bearing on the sleeve and screw on the nut, with the nut chamfer toward the
bearing. Tighten the nut just enough to ensure that the bearing and shaft make contact with the
sleeve, but do not tighten and drive the bearing further up the sleeve.
Figure 6 - Turn the nut with a hook spanner. To achieve the right fit, turn the nut through the
correct tightening angle (pushing the bearing on to the sleeve). As the bearing has a tendency
to skew when being pressed up, it is advisable to reposition the hook spanner in a slot at 180o to
the one used for tightening. Tighten a few more degrees by lightly tapping on the spanner with
a hammer (as illustrated in the diagram). The bearing will then straighten up on its seating.
Figure 7 - During drive up the reduction in internal clearance under the lowest roller must be
frequently checked.
The minimum values for internal clearance, given in the table, apply mainly to bearings in which
clearance is close to the lower limit. This will give the minimum permissible clearance.
To ensure proper shaft fitting when driving up bearings with greater clearance than normal - e.g.
C3 or C4 - it is recommended to keep to the upper half of the clearance reduction range.
When the internal clearance is correct, lock the nut by bending one of the tabs from the washer
into the nut slot. Don't slacken the nut to get the tab to fit!
8.5 Shaft & Bearing Assembly
This section details how to remove Plummer Block Races.
8.5.1 Strip Down
Remove the drive and shaft guard. Disconnect the coupling by removing the covers, springs or
other driving members. Remove the motor dowel pins and holding down bolts. Slide the motor
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back on its pedestal sufficiently to allow the 'coupling driven half hub' to be removed from the fan
shaft.
Arrange wood packing under the impeller and/or support shaft, between the impeller and
inboard bearing.
8.5.2 Removal
Remove the tops of the housing halves on both bearings.
Unlock the taper sleeve retaining nuts on both bearings and then loosen the taper sleeve itself.
Remove the fixing ring/s from the located bearing.
Remove the holding down bolts on each bearings.
It should now be possible to withdraw each of the housings from the shaft (commencing with the
outboard bearing) complete with its race, sleeve, nut, tab and seals.
Alternatively, if the shaft is tilted sufficiently, the races can be slid out and off the shaft, leaving
the housings in position.
8.5.3 Reassembly
Before assembling any bearing part make certain that it is clean. New races might be coated
with protecting grease and this should always be washed off using benzene or benzole before
packing with grease.
Remove the old races as above.
With the bottom halves of the housings in position, tilt the shaft and slide all races, seals,
adapter sleeves, nuts and locking tabs along the shaft into position and rest them in the
housings.
Make sure that the shaft is in the correct axial position, (refer to the fan G.A. drawing in this
manual), and insert sleeves. Tighten up the nuts and bend the locking tabs to retain the
sleeves.
Insert the locking ring/s in the fixed bearing/s then re-pack and replace the top halves of the
bearing housings.
The bearing holding down bolts should be replaced and loosely tightened.
Replace the coupling driven half hub, slide the motor forward on the pedestal and replace the
holding down bolts.
Refit / align the drive, align the impeller and fully tighten the holding down bolts.
Replace the fan drive and guard.
Howden UK Ltd.
Run the fan, re-check its alignment and dowel the bearing feet to the pedestal (you should also
dowel the motor).
Mounting Self-aligning Ball Bearings with Adapter Sleeve
Bearing Bore
Diameter
Tightening
Angle
mm
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
120
degrees
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
90
90
90
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
12 K
0,22
0,22
0,22
0,30
0,30
0,31
0,31
0,40
0,40
0,40
0,45
0,45
0,58
0,58
0,58
0,58
0,67
0,67
0,67
23 K
0,23
0,23
0,30
0,30
0,33
0,33
0,40
0,40
0,40
0,46
0,46
0,59
0,59
0,59
0,59
0,69
-
20
20
20
20
20
25
25
30
30
30
40
40
40
40
40
40
55
55
55
Reduction in radial
internal clearance
over
incl.
min
max
24
30
40
50
65
80
100
120
140
30
40
50
65
80
100
120
140
160
0,015
0,020
0,025
0,030
0,040
0,045
0,050
0,065
0,075
0,020
0,025
0,030
0,040
0,050
0,060
0,070
0,090
0,100
Axial drive-up
min
mm
0,30
0,35
0,40
0,45
0,60
0,70
0,75
1,10
1,20
max
0,35
0,40
0,45
0,60
0,75
0,90
1,10
1,40
1,60
0,020
0,025
0,030
0,035
0,040
0,050
0,065
0,080
0,090
0,035
0,040
0,050
0,055
0,070
0,080
0,100
0,110
0,130
Howden UK Ltd.
General Assembly:
280-1000 end entry
CENTRIFUGAL FANS
DIMENSIONS A & B:
Cone radial Clearances
DIMENSION C:
Inlet Cone Penetration
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Howden UK Ltd.
Howden UK Ltd.
SECTION 9
FAULT FINDING
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
Vibration
Noise
Temperature
Pulsation
Motor
Howden UK Ltd.
FAULT FINDING
9.1 Vibration
Out of balance should be corrected as soon as possible. If fan is allowed to run for long periods
in an unbalanced state, either the impeller, shaft or bearings will sustain damage. Causes of
vibration and suggested remedies are given below.
Causes
Suggested Remedies
a) Deposit on impeller
c) Abrasion of impeller.
f)
g) Inferior foundations or
structural supports.
Howden UK Ltd.
9.2 Noise
Noises may occur in operation if the bearings are misaligned or worn:
SYMPTOM
Rapid knocking
Knocking
Rubbing / knocking
POSSIBLE CAUSES
CURE
Misalignment. Probably causing Realign and re-level.
the shoulder of the shaft to pound
periodically against the bearing
end.
Worn bearing
Bearing worn due to lack of
lubrication or excessive
mechanical overload.
Howden UK Ltd.
9.3 Temperature
If bearing temperatures increase dramatically or give cause for concern :
SYMPTOM
Bearing overheating
(in ball, roller or oil
bearings.
POSSIBLE CAUSE
Misalignment of bearing
CURE
Check all machined faces for
correct seating of bearings.
POSSIBLE CAUSE
Stall running
Back pressure
CURE
Check actual operating
volume, pressure and
temperature and check those
values against the fan
performance curve.
9.4 Pulsation
SYMPTOM
Casing pulsation
9.5 Motors
SYMPTOM
Motor won't start
Howden UK Ltd.
Howden UK Ltd.
Test each wire with an insulation tester before connecting at either end, to ensure that they are
connected to their correct terminals, as shown in the maker's connection diagram.
5. Defective stator windings
Put ammeter in each phase in turn. A clip-on meter is very convenient; for small currents a
better reading can often be obtained by passing two or more turns through the loop in the meter
and dividing the reading on the meter by the number of turns used. If there is a marked
difference in current in one phase, it is probably defective.
6. Squirrel cage motor starts, but will not take load
This could be due to the motor failing to start, as described previously in causes 2,3,4 or 5 listed
under paragraph 9.5.
Another possible cause of motor starting but stopping when put on load is that IEE regulation
219B has not been complied with, and so not all of the conductors feeding the motor are
enclosed in the same conduit or metal sheathing.
On a long run of cable, a very considerable voltage drop would occur because of this, and a
drop of as much as 80% has been known to take place when the full load current is flowing.
7. Short circuited rotor (slip ring)
This may cause a knocking noise when the motor is running. To discover if one or more
windings are short-circuited; lift all brushes, disconnect one phase of the supply from the stator
and switch the other two phases to the mains.
Turn the rotor by hand; if there is a short circuited winding the rotor will lock - or tend to lock - in
one position. If it does, remove the rotor and test with ohmmeter between slip rings D and E, E
and F, F and D. If two of these readings are lower that the third one then the coil connecting the
ring which occurs in both the low readings is the defective one. In any case it may be necessary
to have the rotor re-wound, unless the fault can be traced by observation and remedied by reinsulating.
8. Testing capacitor
If the capacitor is fitted with a discharge resistance, disconnect this as it may be defective. Then
charge the capacitor and discharge through a test lamp; if it appears to be defective, try another
of the same capacity. Be careful not to touch the terminals of the capacitor when it is charged.
9. Faulty centrifugal switch (single phase only)
Check lead connections on fixed backplate. Check the mechanism of the centrifugal switch's
moving parts, ensuring that when the weights are moved by hand the contacts open and when
the flier weights are released, the contacts are positively re-closed.
When a motor fault is suspected then a detail log of voltage, current and insulation resistance
must be made and advised to Howden UK Ltd or the motor supplier, together with description of
the problem.
Howden UK Ltd.
SYMPTOM
Excessive hum
Regular clicking
SYMPTOM
Vibration
Vibration -following
motor repair
Motor overheating
(check with
thermometer don't
depend on hand)
Unbalanced rotor.
Earth
Howden UK Ltd.
SECTION 10
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
Service
Commissioning Spares
Operational Spares (1-2 years)
Insurance Spares
Howden UK Ltd.
Telefax :
Howden UK Ltd
Old Govan Road
Renfrew
PA4 8XJ
Scotland
Flexible Connection
Howden UK Ltd.
Bearing Housings
Flexible Connection
Impeller Assembly
Howden UK Ltd.
SECTION 11
Howden UK Ltd.
SECTION 12
APPENDIX
Motor Manual
Wiring Diagram