CONVENTIONAL SOURCES OF ENERGY

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1.
To understand the history of energy usage.
2.
To understand the various sources of energy.
3.
To understand Conventional Energy, their
Sources and their Depletion.
4.
To understand the advantages and
disadvantages of using conventional sources of
energy.
5.
To understand the ways to conserve them.
1. History of Energy Usage
Fire
Muscle power from animals
Wind & water usage
Steam engines powered by wood fires
Steam engines powered by coal
Now we use oil more because it is easier to ship, store &
burn.
Oil use peaked in 1979, so did prices thanks to Arab oil
embargo & Iranian revolution.
1980s began pursuing renewable energies but then oil
prices fell and we went back to oil.
In 2000, OPEC decreased production and prices went up to
$30 per barrel
Now oil costs $90-$100 per barrel
2. SOURCES OF ENERGY
2. To understand the various sources of energy.
VARIOUS SOURCES OF ENERGY
Biomass energy
Solar energy
Wind power
Geothermal energy
Hydroelectric power
Coal
Oil (Petroleum)
Natural gas
Nuclear power

Oil- It is used primarily for transportation fuels, but also for

power production, heat and as a feedstock for chemicals.
Natural gas- It is a relatively clean burning fossil fuel, used
mostly for space and water heating in buildings and running
industrial processes. Increasingly, natural gas is used in
turbines to produce electricity.
Nuclear power- It harnesses the heat of radioactive
materials to produce steam for power generation.
3. CONVENTIONAL ENERGY & THEIR SOURCES
3. To understand Conventional energy and their
Sources.
What are conventional sources of energy?
A Conventional Source of energy is a natural resource which
cannot be produced, grown, generated, or used on a scale
which can sustain its consumption rate, once depleted there
is no more available for future needs. Also considered nonrenewable are resources that are consumed much faster
than nature can create them. Fossil fuels (such
as coal, petroleum, and natural gas), firewood, nuclear
power(uranium) and certain aquifers are examples.
SOURCES: FOSSIL FUELS
Fossil fuels are fuels formed by natural processes such
as anaerobic decomposition of buried dead organisms. The
age of the organisms and their resulting fossil fuels is
typically millions of years, and sometimes exceeds 650
million years.
The fossil fuels, which contain high percentages of carbon,
include coal, petroleum, and natural gas.
Fossil fuels range from volatile materials with low carbon
:hydrogen ratios like methane, to liquid petroleum to
nonvolatile materials composed of almost pure carbon,
like anthracite coal.
It is generally accepted that they formed from the fossilized
remains of dead plants and animals by exposure to heat and
pressure in the Earth's crust over millions of years.
Todays ENERGY needs are mostly met by Coal & Oil

1. VARIOUS SOURCES OF ENERGY

Biomass energy- It comes from plants and is a rich source
of carbon and hydrogen. Fast-growing plants, such as switch
grass and willow and poplar trees, can be harvested as
"power crops." Biomass wastes, including forest residues,
lumber and paper mill waste etc can be used to produce
heat, transportation fuels, and electricity.
Solar energy- It is the power from the sun. It is free and
inexhaustible. Converting sunlight into useful forms is not
free, but the fuel is. Sunlight has been used by humans for
drying crops and heating water and buildings for millennia. A
twentieth-century technology is photovoltaic, which turns
sunlight directly into electricity.
Wind power- It is another ancient energy source that has
moved into the modern era. Advanced aerodynamics
research has developed wind turbines that can produce
electricity at a lower cost than power from polluting coal
plants.
Geothermal energy- It taps into the heat under the earth's
crust to boil water. The hot water is then used to drive
electric turbines and heat buildings.
Hydroelectric power- It uses the force of moving water to
produce electricity. Hydropower is one of the main suppliers
of electricity in the world.
VARIOUS SOURCES OF ENERGY
Coal- It is the largest source of fuel for electricity production,
and also the largest source of environmental harm.

SOURCES: COAL(Fossil Fuel)

Coal is a fossil fuel that is made by carbonized vegetable
material. It is a black-brown sedimentary rock. Coal is
composed primarily of carbon along with variable quantities
of other elements, chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen,
and nitrogen.
Coal forms when dead plant matter is converted into peat,
which in turn is converted into lignite, then anthracite. This
involves biological and geological processes that take place
over a long period of time.
DEPLETION OF COAL(Fossil Fuel)
Many industries contribute to the depletion of coal because
they use large amounts to power their machines. These
industries include the car industry, steel industry and
transportation industry.
Individual citizens also contribute to the depletion of coal.
The use of electricity, driving engines and heating your
home all eat up coal.
World Coal Extraction Projection
SOURCES: PETROLEUM (Fossil Fuel)
Petroleum is a fossil fuel and is an oil that is found
underground. Sometimes we call it oil. Oil can be as thick
and black as tar or as thin as water. Petroleum has a lot of
energy. We can turn it into different fuels - like gasoline,
kerosene, and heating oil. Most plastics are made from
petroleum, too.

Petroleum is buried underground in tiny pockets in rocks. We

drill wells into the rocks to pump out the oil.
DEPLETION OF PETROLEUM (Fossil Fuel)
Increased efficiencies in the use of better and higher
concentrations of energy in petroleum allows humans to
participate in takedown, which is the consumption of energy
at a greater rate than it is being replaced. It is believed that
decreasing oil production portends a drastic impact on
human culture and modern technological society, which is
currently heavily dependent on oil as a fuel and chemical
feedstock.
SOURCES: NATURAL GAS (Fossil Fuel)
Natural gas is a fuel thats used to heat buildings, cook food,
dry clothes, heat water, and even to help produce electricity.
Its sometimes called gas for short. In fact, natural gas is
really a mixture of gases that formed from the fossil remains
of ancient plants and animals buried deep in the earth. The
main ingredient in natural gas is methane. Natural gas gives
off a lot of heat and light when it burns, but doesnt produce
smoke.
DEPLETION OF NATURAL GAS (Fossil Fuel)
This is seen as depletion because gas is burned much more
quickly than it is formed. There are limited natural gas
reserves.
The gas equivalent of almost 60 billion tonnes of oil is used
up.
The territories that use most of the gas are the United
States, the Russian Federation, the Ukraine and Canada.
Until about 1965 natural gas from oilfields was often
considered useless, so was disposed of by flaring. It has
since been used extensively, as a fuel.
EFFECTS OF FOSSIL FUELS
Severe Air Pollution
Greenhouse Effect
Severe damage to Environment
SOURCES: FIREWOOD
Firewood is any wooden material that is gathered and used
for fuel. Generally, firewood is not highly processed and is in
some sort of recognizable log or branch form. Firewood is a
renewable resource.
SOURCES: NUCLEAR POWER(Uranium)
Nuclear power is the use of sustained nuclear fission to
generate heat and electricity.
Nuclear power plants provide about 6% of the world's energy
and 1314% of the world's electricity, with the U.S., France,
and Japan together accounting for about 50% of nuclear
generated electricity. In 2007, the IAEA reported there were
439 nuclear power reactors in operation in the world
operating in 31 countries. Also, more than 150 naval vessels
using nuclear propulsion have been built.
4. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
4. To understand the advantages and disadvantages of
using conventional sources of energy.
COAL
Advantages
Coal can be found in lots of places in the world.
Coal can be easily transported to the power stations.
Coal is a relatively cheap energy source.
Disadvantages
To dig up coal, we have to create mines which can be
dangerous and not very nice to look at.
Transporting coal by lorry and train from the mine to the
power station causes pollution.

Burning coal produces polluting gases like sulphur dioxide

which make acid rain.
Of all energy sources, burning coal releases the most
greenhouse gases which may add to
global warming.
Coal is a non-renewable source and will run out in about 100
years.
Coal miners can be affected by black lung disease or
pneumoconiosis and also emphysema if
they breathe in too much of the coal dust.
OIL(PETROLEUM)
Advantages
Oil is found in lots of places in the world.
We can transport oil in pipes and by using tankers or ships.
Disdvantages
Environmental damage can be caused when building the rig
and by accidental oil spillages.
Oil is not renewable, so once the supplies are used, it will run
out.
Burning these fuels releases greenhouse gases into the air.
This may add to global warming.
The price of oil will increase because supplies are running
out and lots of people will want it
Working on an oil rig can be dangerous due to the risk of
explosions and bad weather.
NATURAL GAS
Advantages
Natural gas is more environmentally friendly that coal or oil.
It is composed of methane, which has just one carbon,
producing very low carbon emissions. Natural gas emits an
estimated 70% less carbon dioxide that other fuels. Natural
gas burns cleaner than heating oil, and does not leave
product, like ash, behind.
Natural gas is very popular, and the major source of energy
for most consumers. It is conveniently pumped to homes
across the country through a network of underground
pipeline. It is provided through a local providers and utility
companies.
Disadvantages
Due to its make-up, natural gas is combustible and easily
explosive if handled improperly. With a leak, the gas builds
up within a room or structure. When that gas is ignited it
causes an explosion. The severity of the explosion depends
upon the amount of the leak.
Natural gas is toxic if inhaled, leading to severe health risk or
even death.
NUCLEAR POWER
Advantages
Nuclear fuel does not make harmful greenhouse gases.
You only need a very small amount of nuclear fuel to make a
lot of energy
Disadvantages
The waste that is produced when using nuclear fuel is
radioactive and very harmful. It needs
to be disposed of carefully
Nuclear power stations are at risk from terrorist attack and
sabotage.
World uranium supplies may run out in about 50 years.
FIREWOOD
ADVANTAGES
The wood is a renewable resource, offering a sustainable,
dependable supply.

The amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted during the

burning process is typically 90% less than when burning
fossil fuel.
Wood fuel contains minimal amounts of sulphur and heavy
metals.
DISADVANTAGES
It provides less heat energy per unit than materials like coal.
Burning firewood is a very inefficient method of heating a
house.
Firewood produces carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide and
other pollutants as well.
Most of the heat produced goes straight up the chimney and
is wasted as well.
5. CONSERVATION
5. To understand the ways to conserve them.

Good braking habits

Reduce loads
Carpooling saves fuel
Switch off engine when you park
Check your tyre pressures and radial tyres
Keep your engine healthy
Clean air filter regularly
Use recommended grade of oil
Ways to Improve Energy Efficiency
Insulation
Eliminate air leaks
Air to air heat exchangers
Efficient appliances
Efficient electric motors
High-efficiency lightning
Increasing fuel economy

Never Forget Ancient Wisdom

MATA BHUMIH PUTROHAM PRITHVIYAH
MEANS
THE EARTH IS OUR MOTHER, WE ARE HER
CHILDREN

WHY MUST WE CONSERVE FUELS????

Fossil fuels are a precious resource because they cannot be
replaced. So it makes sense to use them carefully, until
something else (perhaps nuclear fusion) is developed.
For the good of the climate and our future viability as a
species, we should drastically reduce our usage of and
reliance upon fossil fuels within the next decade.

CONSERVE LIMITED RESOURCES

60% OF RESOURCES ALREADY CONSUMED
85% of raw energy comes from non-renewable sources and
hence is not available for the future generations
FUEL CONSERVATION TIPS FOR YOUR CAR
Plan your Trips
Plan your Route
Drive in the correct Gear
Keep your foot off the clutch

ALTERNATIVE ENERGY, A SOLUTION

Alternative energy refers to energy sources that have no
undesired consequences such for example fossil fuels or
nuclear energy.
Alternative energy sources are renewable and are thought to
be "free" energy sources. They all have lower carbon
emissions, compared to conventional energy sources.
Now that nuclear power is considered too risky hopes lie with
things like sun, water, wind, waves and tides.
ADVANTAGES OF USING ALTERNATIVE ENERGY
They are inexhaustible they will always be available they
are renewable
They are clean and will not damage the Earth
There are several types so one or more of them is present
in each country
Most natural sources can be used on a small scale and serve
local needs therefore cutting costs of transmitting the energy
SOURCES OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY
SOURCES OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY
TOWARD A SUSTAINABLE ENERGY FUTURE
Increase fuel efficiency standards for vehicle, appliances,
buildings
Tax and other financial incentives for energy efficiency
Subsidize renewable energy use, research and development
By 2050:
renewable energy=50%
cut coal use by 50%
phase out nuclear altogether