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CB00851
Ecuaciones no lineales, solucin
Objetivos
UNIDAD IV
Contenido temtico
4.1 Mtodos grficos
4.2 Mtodos de intervalos
4.3 Solucin de ecuaciones
polinomiales
10.5 hrs.
objetivos
Definir y explicar concepto de ecuacin no
lineal
Definir, explicar, aplicar y analizar los mtodos
para la solucin de una ecuacin no lineal:
Mtodos grficos
Mtodos de intervalos:
o Biseccin, Falsa posicin
o Punto fijo, Newton-Rapson
o Secante
Mtodos polinomios:
o Newton - Rapson
o Bairstow
NGJ/v06
Unidad IV
67
4. Ecuaciones no lineales
Introduccin
Ecuacin no lineal:
POLINOMIO: f ( x ) = a0 x n + a1x n 1 + a2 x n 2 ............ + an 1 x + an
ECUACIONES TRASCENDENTALES:
o Logartmicas
o Exponenciales
o Trigonomtricas
Mtodos para resolver una ecuacin no lineal:
1. Grficos
2. Mtodos de intervalos:
a. Biseccin
b. Falsa posicin
c. Punto fijo
d. Newton-Rapson
e. Secante
3. Mtodos polinomios:
a. Newton - Rapson
b. Bairstow
4.1 Mtodos Grficos
Los mtodos grficos no son precisos. Se utilizan para tener un valor aproximado
(inicial) de la raz:
NGJ/v06
Unidad IV
68
Existen casos en que no siempre estn acotadas las races por valores positivos y
negativos:
NGJ/v06
Unidad IV
69
f ( a ) f (b) < 0
2 calcular x: x =
Ejemplo:
NGJ/v06
a+b
, verificar f(x)=0, verificar cambio de signo con f(a) y f(b)
2
Unidad IV
70
xa
1
1
1.25
1.25
1.3125
1.34375
1.359375
1.3671875
1.3671875
1.3671875
1.368164063
1.368652344
1.368652344
1.368774414
1.368774414
1.368835449
1.368804932
1.368804932
1.368808746
1.368808746
1.368808746
1.368807793
1.368808031
1.368808031
1.368808091
NGJ/v06
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + 10 x 20
x + xb
x = a
2
valor nuevo valor anterior
error =
valor nuevo
f (x )
xb
x
2
1.5
1.5
1.375
1.375
1.375
1.375
1.375
1.37109375
1.369140625
1.369140625
1.369140625
1.369140625
1.369140625
1.368835449
1.368804932
1.36882019
1.368812561
1.368808746
1.368806839
1.368807793
1.36880827
1.36880827
1.36880815
1.36880815
1
-7
2
16
1.5
2.875
1.25
-2.421875
1.375 0.130859375
1.3125
-1.16870117
1.34375 -0.52481079
1.359375 -0.19845963
1.3671875 -0.03417253
1.37109375 0.048250139
1.369140625 0.007015504
1.368164063 -0.01358434
1.368652344 -0.00328587
1.368896484 0.001864452
1.368774414
-0.0007108
1.368835449 0.000576802
1.368804932 -6.7005E-05
1.36882019 0.000254897
1.368812561 9.39457E-05
1.368808746 1.34702E-05
1.368806839 -2.6767E-05
1.368807793 -6.6486E-06
1.36880827 3.41081E-06
1.368808031 -1.6189E-06
1.36880815 8.95955E-07
1.368808091
-3.6147E-07
1.36880812 2.67241E-07
Unidad IV
error
20.00000%
9.09091%
4.76190%
2.32558%
1.14943%
0.57143%
0.28490%
0.14265%
0.07138%
0.03568%
0.01783%
0.00892%
0.00446%
0.00223%
0.00111%
0.00056%
0.00028%
0.00014%
0.00007%
0.00003%
0.00002%
0.00001%
0.00000%
0.00000%
71
Raz = x
Dar un valor inicial x0
Despejar x , x = g ( x 0 )
Calcular xi = g ( xi 1 )
iteracin
Criterio de convergencia
Xi
1
2
3
.
.
.
.
i
f(x0)=0
f(x1)=0
f(x2)=0
x1=g(x0)
x2=g(x1)
x3=g(x2)
f(xi-1)=0
xi=g(x2)
INTERPRETACIN GEOMTRICA
NGJ/v06
Unidad IV
72
g ( ) =
g ( xi ) g ( xi 1 )
como
xi xi 1
NGJ/v06
g ( xi ) = xi +1
g ( xi 1 ) = xi
entonces g ( ) =
Unidad IV
xi +1 xi
xi xi 1
73
xi
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
xi
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
NGJ/v06
20
x + 2 x + 10
g (x) =
xi +1 xi
f ( xi )
20(2 x + 2)
( x 2 + 2 x + 10) 2
g ( xi )
1
-7
0.47337278
1.53846154 3.75967228 0.53846154 0.42571894
1.29501916 -1.52381544 0.24344238 0.45099747
1.40182531 0.70322831 0.10680615 0.44046668
1.35420939 -0.30667827 0.04761592 0.44528572
1.37529809
0.1371711
0.0210887 0.44317461
1.36592979 -0.06067087 0.0093683 0.44411712
1.370086 0.02696864 0.00415622 0.44369989
1.36824102 -0.01196132 0.00184498 0.44388528
1.36905981 0.00531037 0.00081879 0.44380304
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + 10 x 20
x=
x 3 2 x 2 + 20
10
x=
f ( xi )
xi +1 xi
1
-7
1.7
7.693
0.7
0.9307 -8.15442036
0.7693
1.74614204 8.88345243 0.81544204
0.85779679 -9.31922135 0.88834524
1.78971893 10.0360146 0.93192213
0.78611746 -10.4170586 1.00360146
1.82782333
11.0667541 1.04170586
0.72114791 -11.3733761
1.10667541
1.85848553
11.9119426
1.13733761
Unidad IV
g (x) =
3x 2 4 x
10
g ( xi )
0.7
1.547
0.63214075
1.61316042
0.56386332
1.67681572
0.49984119
1.73341077
0.44447546
1.77958475
74
Ejemplo:
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + 10 x 20
i
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
NGJ/v06
xi
xi +1 = xi
xi+1-xi
(xi xi 1 ) f ( xi )
f ( xi ) f ( xi 1 )
f(xi)
0
-20
1
-7
1.53846154 0.53846154 3.75967228
1.35031093 -0.18815061 -0.38813615
1.36791735 0.01760642 -0.01878679
1.36881289 0.00089554 0.00010086
1.36880811 -4.7821E-06-2.6008E-08
Unidad IV
75
Dos valores: xI
xD
xm = xD
entonces
( xD xI ) f ( xD )
f ( xD ) f ( xI )
Ejemplo:
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + 10 x 20
i
xD
0
1
2
3
4
5
1
1.30434783
1.3579123
1.3669778
1.36850098
1.36875658
NGJ/v06
xI
f(xD)
2
-7
2 -1.33475795
2 -0.22913573
2-0.03859188
2-0.00647873
2-0.00108704
Unidad IV
f(xI)
xm
f(xm)
16 1.30434783 -1.33475795
16 1.3579123 -0.22913573
16 1.3669778-0.03859188
161.36850098-0.00647873
16 1.36875658-0.00108704
16 1.36879946-0.00018237
76
x1 = x0 x
f ( x)
x
f ( x)
x =
f (x)
f ( x)
x1 = x0
f (x)
f ( xi )
xi +1 = xi
= g ( xi )
f (xi )
f (x) =
Ejemplo:
f ( x) = x 3 + 2 x 2 + 10 x 20
i
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
NGJ/v06
xi
f ( x) = 3 x 2 + 4 x + 10
f(xi)
f(xi)
xi+1 -xi!
1
-7
17
1.411764710.9175656421.6262976 0.41176471
1.36933647 0.01114812 21.102593 -0.04242824
1.368808191.7045E-0621.0961403-0.00052828
1.36880811 3.908E-1421.0961393 -8.0796E-08
1.36880811
021.0961393 -1.7764E-15
1.36880811
021.0961393
0
Unidad IV
77
NGJ/v06
Unidad IV
78
NGJ/v06
Unidad IV
79
i 1 = xi 1 x
i = xi x
i +1 = xi +1 x
donde xi 1 , xi ,
Mtodo
Punto fijo
Newton - Rapson
Secante
Regula-Falsi
Biseccin
NGJ/v06
xi
xi = g (xi 1 )
f ( xi 1 )
= g ( xi 1 )
f ( xi 1 )
(x xi 2 ) f (xi 1 )
xi = xi 1 i 1
= g ( xi 1 )
f ( xi 1 ) f ( xi 2 )
xi = xi 1
xi = x D
(x D x I ) f (x D )
f (x D ) f (x I )
xi = ( x D + x I ) / 2
Unidad IV
Criterio de
convergencia
xi xi 1
g ( xi )
xi xi 1
g ( xi )
xi xi 1
xi xi 1
f ( xi )
xi xi 1
f ( xi )
80
Races mltiples
f ( x) = x 4 6 x 3 + 12 x 2 10 x + 3
la funcin tiene raz triple en 1
= ( x 3)( x 1)( x 1)( x 1)
f ( x) = x 3 5 x 2 + 7 x 3
= ( x 3)( x 1)( x 1)
NGJ/v06
Unidad IV
81
Definir:
f ( x)
f ( x)
xi +1 = xi
u ( xi )
o
u ( xi )
xi = xi 1
u ( xi 1 )
u ( xi 1 )
f ( x)
f ( x)
u ( x)
=
u ( x)
f ( x) f ( x) f ( x) f ( x)
[f
u ( x) =
f ( x) f ( x) f ( x) f ( x)
[ f ( x)]
xi = xi 1
NGJ/v06
f ( x)
]
f ( x) [ f
( x)
( x)
f ( x) f ( x) f ( x) f ( x)
f ( x) f ( x)
f ( x) f ( x) f ( x) f ( x)
f ( xi 1 ) f ( xi 1 )
f ( xi 1 ) f ( xi 1 ) f ( xi 1 ) f ( x11 )
Unidad IV
82
xi = xi 1
[3x
2
i 1
(3x
2
i 1
10 xi 1 + 7 ) (xi31 5 xi21 + 7 xi 1 3)
i
0
1
2
3
xi
0
1.105
1.003
1.0002
0.31%
0.002%
0
1
2
3
4
5
4
2.63
2.82
2.96
2.998
2.999
6%
1.3%
0.051%
7.7X10-5 %
NGJ/v06
% error
Unidad IV
83
Bairstow
f n ( x ) = a 0 + a1 x + a 2 x 2 + a 3 x 3 + ........ + a n x n donde n es el grado del polinomio
f n 1 ( x ) = b1 + b2 x + b3 x 2 + ........ + bn x n 1
donde f n ( x) = ( x t ) f n 1 ( x)
bn = a n
bi = ai + rbi +1t
i = n 2 hasta 1
bn = a n
bn 1 = a n 1 + rbn
bi = ai + rbi +1 + sbi + 2
r = r + r
s = s + s
donde
i = n 2 hasta 1
c 2 r + c3 s = b1
c1 r + c 2 s = b0
s =
b0 c 2 + c1b1
c1c3 + c 22
r =
b1 c3 s
c2
c n = bn
c n 1 = bn 1 + rc n
ci = bi + rci +1 + sci + 2 i = n 2 hasta 1
r=
r
100%
r
s=
s
100%
s
r r 2 + 4s
x=
2
NGJ/v06
Unidad IV
84
solucin:
1
a5 = 1
a4 = 3.5
a3 = 2.75
a 2 = 2.125
a1 = 3.875
a0 = 1.25
c5 = b5
b5 = a 5
=1
=1
c4 = b4 + rc5
b4 = a 4 + rb5
= ( 3.5) + (1)(1)
= 4.5
b3 = a 3 + rb4 + sb5
= ( 4.5) + (1)(1)
= 5.5
b 2 = a 2 + rb3 + sb4
= 0.375
b1 = a1 + rb2 + sb3
c3 = b3 + rc4 + sc5
c 2 = b2 + rc3 + sc4
c1 = b1 + rc2 + sc3
= 11.375
r = 0.3358
s = 1.1381
NGJ/v06
Unidad IV
85
r = 1 + 0.3358 = 0.6442
s = 1 + 1.1381 = 0.1381
r =
0.3358
* 100 = 55.23%
0.6442
s =
1.1381
* 100 = 824%
0.1381
x=
0.5
s = 0.5
( 0.5)2 + 4(0.5)
2
x1 = 0.5
x2 = 1
f 5 ( x) = x 5 3.5 x 4 + 2.75 x 3 + 2.125 x 2 3.875 x + 1.25
0.5
-1
1
1
-3.5
0.5
-3.0
-1
-4
2.75
-1.5
1.25
4
5.25
2.125
0.625
2.75
-5.25
-2.5
-3.875
1.375
-2.5
2.5
0
1.25
-1.25
0
f 3 ( x ) = x 3 4 x 2 + 5.25 x 2.5
x1 = 1 + 0.5i
x2 = 1 0.5i
para encontrar la quinta raz:
[x (1 + 0.5i )] [1 (1 + 0.5i )]
= [( x 1) 0.5i ] [(x 1) + 0.5i ]
2
2
= ( x 1) (0.5i )
x2
x 2 x + 1.25 x 4 x + 5.25 x 2.5
2
= x 2 2 x + 1 + 0.25
= x 2 2 x + 1.25
Unidad IV
86
Actividades colaborativas
Hoja de trabajo
Hoja de trabajo de Ecuaciones no lineales
En equipo de dos personas, resuelve la siguiente hoja de trabajo en estas misma hojas
Matrcula ________ Nombre ___________________________
Matrcula ________ Nombre ___________________________
1) Determina las races reales de f ( x) = 0.4 x 2 + 2.2 x + 4.7
a. Grficamente
b. Por medio de la frmula general
c. Utilizando el mtodo de biseccin con tres iteraciones para determinar la
raz ms grande. Utiliza los valores iniciales de x = 5 y x = 10 . Calcula el
error estimado y el error verdadero para cada iteracin.
2) Resuelve por el mtodo de punto fijo e x tan x = 0 . Determina una g ( x ) y un
valor inicial x 0 tales que g ( x0 ) < 1 .
3) Resuelve por el mtodo de la secante y posicin falsa x log x 10 = 0 . Cul es la
diferencia? Cul mtodo es ms exacto para esta ecuacin?
NGJ/v06
Unidad IV
87
2 .2
(2.2 )2 4(0.4)(4.7)
2(0.4)
x1 = 7.1446
x 2 = 1.6446
c. Utilizando el mtodo de biseccin con tres iteraciones para determinar la
raz ms grande. Utiliza los valores iniciales de x = 5 y x = 10 . Calcula el
error estimado y el error verdadero para cada iteracin.
iteracin
1
2
3
xa
5
5
6.25
6.875
xb
10
7.5
7.5
7.5
5
10
7.5
6.25
6.875
7.1875
f ( x)
5.7
-13.3
-1.3
2.825
0.91875
-0.1515625
Error
Error
estimado verdadero
0.2
0.090909091
0.043478261
0.125213448
0.037734793
0.006004535
Solucin: x = 7.1875
El error estimado est calculado con el valor anterior
El error verdadero est calculado con el valor obtenido de la
frmula general.
NGJ/v06
Unidad IV
88
Solucin:
iteracin
x = tan 1 (e x )
g ( x) = tan 1 (e x )
x0 = 1
g (1) = 0.443
f ( x)
error
1
1.21828291
1.28325462
1.30044736
1.3048397
1.30595146
1.30623219
1.30630303
1.30632091
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1.160874104
0.663094773
0.226987884
0.062574053
0.016159474
0.004101426
0.001036379
0.000261587
6.60069E-05
0.17917259
0.05063041
0.01322064
0.00336619
0.0008513
0.00021492
5.4233E-05
1.3684E-05
g ( x)
1.21828291
1.28325462
1.30044736
1.3048397
1.30595146
1.30623219
1.30630303
1.30632091
1.30632542
0
1
2
3
4
5
8
9
10.0354646
9.99943638
9.9999997
10
error
f ( x)
-2.7752801
-1.41181742
0.05089403
-0.0008084
-4.3332E-07
3.6984E-12
0.10318054
0.00360303
5.6332E-05
3.0211E-08
xm = x D
NGJ/v06
9
9.98482733
9.99978064
9.99999683
9.99999995
xI
-1.41181742
-0.02175707
-0.00031462
-4.5454E-06
-6.5668E-08
11
11
11
11
11
Unidad IV
(x D x I ) f (x D )
f (x D ) f (x I )
f ( xI )
xm
1.45531954
1.45531954
1.45531954
1.45531954
1.45531954
9.98482733
9.99978064
9.99999683
9.99999995
10
f ( xm )
error
-0.02175707
-0.00031462
-4.5454E-06
-6.5668E-08
-9.487E-10
0.00149536
2.1619E-05
3.1233E-07
4.5123E-09
89
( )
NGJ/v06
Unidad IV
90
b. Por medio del mtodo de biseccin para localizar la raz ms grande con
un error del 10% y con valores iniciales de x = 0.5 y x = 1.0
error
x
x
f
(
x
)
x
a
b
iteracin
estimado
0
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5625
0.5625
0.578125
0.578125
0.578125
0.578125
0.57910156
0.57910156
0.57910156
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
1
0.75
0.625
0.625
0.59375
0.59375
0.5859375
0.58203125
0.58007813
0.58007813
0.57958984
0.5793457
0
1
0.5
0.75
0.625
0.5625
0.59375
0.578125
0.5859375
0.58203125
0.58007813
0.57910156
0.57958984
0.5793457
0.57922363
-26
5.35
-1.7171875
2.6847168
0.83518219
-0.33418784
0.27473026
-0.02336807
0.12723307
0.05232524
0.01457737
-0.00437058
0.00510957
0.00037104
-0.00199938
0.333333333
0.2
0.111111111
0.052631579
0.027027027
0.013333333
0.006711409
0.003367003
0.001686341
0.00084246
0.000421408
0.000210748
c. Por medio del mtodo de posicin falsa con un error del 0.1%
xm
f ( xm )
xD
f ( xD )
xI
f ( xI )
iteracin
1
2
3
4
NGJ/v06
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
-1.7171875
-1.7171875
-1.7171875
-1.7171875
-1.7171875
1
0.62149016
0.58372691
0.57978069
0.57937339
Unidad IV
5.35
0.77450114
0.08493779
0.00881157
0.00090865
0.621490161
0.583726908
0.579780691
0.579373394
0.579331416
error
0.77450114
0.08493779 0.06469336
0.00881157 0.0068064
0.00090865 0.00070299
9.3642E-05 7.246E-05
91
2) Escribe un algoritmo para resolver una ecuacin por medio de los siguientes
mtodos. Progrmalo en EXCEL o en tu calculadora y prubalo con la ecuacin
xe x 2 = 0 . Por ltimo, has un anlisis de eficiencia y exactitud de cada mtodo.
a. biseccin
Solucin:
Algoritmo:
Entradas: x a , x b , f ( x ) , E r max
x a + xb
, f ( x)
2
Si f ( x ) < 0 entonces x a = x , x1 = x a
Si f ( x ) > 0 entonces xb = x , x1 = xb
x + xb
abs( x x1 )
x= a
, calcular f ( x ) , E r =
2
x
Si E r <= E r max entonces x sol = x ir a FIN
Si no, ir a Calcular
FIN: x sol
Comprobacin
xa
xb
f ( x)
x
iteracin
Calcular: x =
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
NGJ/v06
0
0.5
0.75
0.75
0.8125
0.84375
0.84375
0.8515625
0.8515625
0.8515625
0.85253906
0.85253906
0.85253906
1
1
1
0.875
0.875
0.875
0.859375
0.859375
0.85546875
0.85351563
0.85351563
0.85302734
0.8527832
0
1
0.5
0.75
0.875
0.8125
0.84375
0.859375
0.8515625
0.85546875
0.85351563
0.85253906
0.85302734
0.8527832
0.85266113
Unidad IV
-2
0.71828183
-1.17563936
-0.41224999
0.09901588
-0.16900299
-0.03822247
0.02957234
-0.00452899
0.01247043
0.00395794
-0.00028871
0.00183381
0.00077235
0.00024177
error
1
0.33333333
0.14285714
0.07692308
0.03703704
0.01818182
0.00917431
0.00456621
0.00228833
0.00114548
0.00057241
0.00028629
0.00014316
92
b. punto fijo
Solucin:
Algoritmo:
Entradas: f ( x ) , g ( x ) , x , E r max , I max
I = 0 , bit = falso
Calcular: x n = g (x ) , f ( x n ) , g ( x n ) , E r = abs( x n x) / x n
Si E r <= E r max entonces x sol = x n , bit = verdadero ir a FIN
Si I < I max entonces x = x n , I = I + 1 , ir a Calcular
FIN: Si bit = falso entonces "cambia g (x )
Si no x sol
f (x )
g (x )
x
iteracin
error
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
NGJ/v06
1
0.73575888
0.95828342
0.76710144
0.92871418
0.79012273
0.9075782
0.80700048
0.89238886
0.81935185
0.88143443
0.82837672
0.87351538
0.83496272
0.86778131
0.83976421
0.86362466
0.84326208
0.86060909
0.84580884
0.85842011
0.84766232
0.85683052
0.84901083
0.85567586
0.84999171
0.85483695
0.85070508
0.85422735
0.85122382
0.85378434
0.85160101
0.85346237
0.85187525
0.85322835
0.71828183
-0.46442322
0.49845294
-0.34803548
0.35080994
-0.25883274
0.24926311
-0.19137035
0.17827998
-0.14086716
0.12810043
-0.10334943
0.09234582
-0.07563792
0.06672612
-0.05525653
0.04829478
-0.04031332
0.03499667
-0.02938253
0.02538227
-0.02140027
0.01842072
-0.0155784
0.01337459
-0.01133604
0.00971398
-0.00824668
0.00705696
-0.00599804
0.0051276
-0.0043619
0.00372619
-0.00317173
0.00270804
0.73575888
0.95828342
0.76710144
0.92871418
0.79012273
0.9075782
0.80700048
0.89238886
0.81935185
0.88143443
0.82837672
0.87351538
0.83496272
0.86778131
0.83976421
0.86362466
0.84326208
0.86060909
0.84580884
0.85842011
0.84766232
0.85683052
0.84901083
0.85567586
0.84999171
0.85483695
0.85070508
0.85422735
0.85122382
0.85378434
0.85160101
0.85346237
0.85187525
0.85322835
0.85207462
Unidad IV
0.35914091
0.23221161
0.24922647
0.17401774
0.17540497
0.12941637
0.12463155
0.09568518
0.08913999
0.07043358
0.06405021
0.05167471
0.04617291
0.03781896
0.03336306
0.02762826
0.02414739
0.02015666
0.01749834
0.01469126
0.01269113
0.01070014
0.00921036
0.0077892
0.00668729
0.00566802
0.00485699
0.00412334
0.00352848
0.00299902
0.0025638
0.00218095
0.00186309
0.00158586
93
c. secante
Solucin:
Algoritmo:
Entradas:
xi 2 , xi 1 , f (x ) , E r max , I max
Inicio:
I = 0 , bit = 0
Calcular:
I = I +1
(x xi 2 ) f (xi 1 )
f (xi 2 ) , f ( xi 1 ) x = xi 1 i 1
, f (x )
f ( xi 1 ) f ( xi 2 )
Si I <= I max entonces
Si E r <= E r max entonces
x sol = x ; bit = 1
ir a FIN
Si no, ir a Calcular
FIN:
Si bit = 0 entonces no tiene solucin
Si bit = 1 entonces salida= x sol
Comprobacin
xi 2
iteracin
1
0
2
1
3
0.73575888
4
0.83952077
5
0.85383269
NGJ/v06
f ( xi 2 )
xi 1
f ( xi 1 )
-2
0.71828183
-0.46442322
-0.05629351
0.00533812
1
0.73575888
0.83952077
0.85383269
0.85259309
0.71828183
-0.46442322
-0.05629351
0.00533812
-5.3928E-05
Unidad IV
f (x )
error
0.73575888 -0.46442322
0.83952077 -0.056293509 0.123596572
0.85383269 0.005338115 0.016761976
0.85259309 -5.39276E-05 0.00145392
0.85260549 -5.09317E-08 1.45409E-05
94
d. Regula Falsi
Solucin:
Algoritmo:
Entradas:
x D , x I , f (x ) , E r max , I max
Inicio:
I = 0 , bit = 0
Calcular:
I = I +1
(x x I ) f (x D )
f (x D ) , f (x I ) x = x D D
, f (x )
f (x D ) f (x I )
Si f ( x ) < 0 entonces x D = x
Si f ( x ) > 0 entonces x I = x
Si I <= I max entonces
Si E r <= E r max entonces
x sol = x ; bit = 1
ir a FIN
Si no, ir a Calcular
FIN:
Si bit = 0 entonces no tiene solucin
Si bit = 1 entonces salida= x sol
Comprobacin
iteracin
1
2
3
4
5
xD
f (x D )
0
0.73575888
0.83952077
0.85118386
0.85245157
-2
-0.46442322
-0.05629351
-0.00617135
-0.00066888
f (x I )
xI
1
1
1
1
1
0.71828183
0.71828183
0.71828183
0.71828183
0.71828183
f (x )
error
0.73575888
0.83952077
0.85118386
0.85245157
0.85258884
-0.46442322
-0.056293509
-0.006171352
-0.000668877
-7.24058E-05
0.123596572
0.013702194
0.001487135
0.000161006
Anlisis
mtodo
Biseccin
Punto fijo
Secante
Regula Falsi
NGJ/v06
x
0.85266113
0.85322835
0.85260549
0.85258884
f (x )
0.00024177
0.00270804
-5.09317E-08
-7.24058E-05
Unidad IV
error
0.00014316
0.00158586
1.45409E-05
0.000161006
Nmero de
iteraciones
13
33
5
5
95
( x ) x con un valor
( x ) x = 0
x = sen( x )
g ( x) = sen( x )
sen
iteracin
f (x )
g (x )
error
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0.5
0.64963694
0.7215238
0.75090117
0.76209685
0.76624814
0.76777165
0.76832866
0.76853202
0.76860623
0.149636939
0.071886858
0.029377369
0.011195685
0.004151292
0.001523511
0.000557006
0.000203362
7.42094E-05
2.7075E-05
0.64963694
0.7215238
0.75090117
0.76209685
0.76624814
0.76777165
0.76832866
0.76853202
0.76860623
0.76863331
0.23033933
0.099632
0.03912282
0.01469063
0.00541769
0.00198433
0.00072496
0.00026461
9.6551E-05
1
3
-0.02321428
-1.22634748
0.23395122
0.39636577
0.94469117
0.00091296
-9.20653269
3.13057469
NGJ/v06
-0.57467585
-1.69795152
-0.48336344
-2.74475001
-0.27471727
-0.21194033
-0.5058117
-0.45878544
-1.8085294
-1.18282376
3
-0.02321428
-1.22634748
0.23395122
0.39636577
0.94469117
0.00091296
-9.20653269
3.13057469
26.4524419
-1.69795152
-0.48336344
-2.74475001
-0.27471727
-0.21194033
-0.5058117
-0.45878544
-1.8085294
-1.18282376
-1.01913466
Unidad IV
-0.02321428
-1.22634748
0.23395122
0.39636577
0.94469117
0.00091296
-9.20653269
3.13057469
26.4524419
171.655289
-0.48336344
-2.74475001
-0.27471727
-0.21194033
-0.5058117
-0.45878544
-1.8085294
-1.18282376
-1.01913466
-0.124483
-0.98107039
6.24189399
0.40975929
0.5804282
1033.76183
-1.00009916
3.94084429
0.88165271
0.84589789
96
b. x = 1.5 y x = 2.5
iteracin
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
xi 2
f ( xi 2 )
1.5 -0.99663469
2.5 0.16639632
2.35692873 0.66984231
2.54728716 -0.08282791
2.52633909 0.03147109
2.53210693 0.00057007
2.53221334 -4.2368E-06
xi 1
2.5
2.35692873
2.54728716
2.52633909
2.53210693
2.53221334
2.53221255
f ( xi 1 )
0.16639632
0.66984231
-0.08282791
0.03147109
0.00057007
-4.2368E-06
5.5353E-10
x
2.35692873
2.54728716
2.52633909
2.53210693
2.53221334
2.53221255
2.53221255
f (x )
error
0.66984231
-0.08282791
0.03147109
0.00057007
-4.2368E-06
5.5353E-10
0
0.07472986
0.00829187
0.00227788
4.2021E-05
3.1E-07
4.0496E-11
NGJ/v06
Unidad IV
97
NGJ/v06
Unidad IV
98
s =
a0=
a1=
a2=
a3=
a4=
a5=
-120
-46
79
-3
-7
1
b5=
b4=
b3=
b2=
b1=
b0=
1
-6
-6
55
-9
36
delta s =
delta r =
-1.125
0
c5=
c4=
c3=
c2=
c1=
c0=
1
-5
-8
32
-1
131
r =
s =
1
1.875
c5=
c4=
c3=
c2=
c1=
c0=
1
-5
-12.125
39.125
17.65625
85.953125
er =
es =
0.00%
60.00%
er =
es =
0.68%
6.31%
2 iteracin:
a0=
a1=
a2=
a3=
a4=
a5=
-120
-46
79
-3
-7
1
b5=
b4=
b3=
b2=
b1=
b0=
1
-6
-7.125
60.625
1.265625
-5.0625
delta s = 0.12632421
delta r = 0.00680015
r
s
=
1.0068
= 2.00132421
c5=
c4=
c3=
c2=
c1=
c0=
1
-4.98639969
-12.0529383
37.8109082
14.2043291
90.1624754
=
=
0.9993
1.99913486
3 iteracin:
a0=
a1=
a2=
a3=
a4=
a5=
NGJ/v06
-120
-46
79
-3
-7
1
b5=
b4=
b3=
b2=
b1=
b0=
delta s =
delta r =
-0.00218935
-0.00752498
1
-5.99319985
-7.03263032
59.9252108
0.25813814
0.18966865
r
s
Unidad IV
er =
es =
0.75%
0.11%
99
-120
-46
79
-3
-7
1
b5=
b4=
b3=
b2=
b1=
b0=
1
-6.00072482
-6.9972405
60.0115731
-0.0203521
-0.04910962
delta s = 0.00098056
delta r = 0.00084451
c5=
c4=
c3=
c2=
c1=
c0=
1
-5.00144965
-11.995065
38.0266301
13.9989629
89.9600682
=
=
1.0001
2.00011542
r
s
er =
es =
0.08%
0.05%
5 iteracin:
a0=
a1=
a2=
a3=
a4=
a5=
-120
-46
79
-3
-7
1
b5=
b4=
b3=
b2=
b1=
b0=
delta s =
delta r =
-0.00013371
-0.00013785
1
-5.99988031
-7.00048301
59.998226
0.00363312
0.00701038
c5=
c4=
c3=
c2=
c1=
c0=
1
-4.99976062
-12.0008421
37.9958493
14.0009609
90.0057309
=
=
1.0000
1.99998171
r
s
er =
es =
0.01%
0.01%
6 iteracin:
a0=
a1=
a2=
a3=
a4=
a5=
-120
-46
79
-3
-7
1
b5=
b4=
b3=
b2=
b1=
b0=
1
-6.00001816
-6.99992749
60.0002731
-0.00054354
-0.00109484
delta s = 2.1088E-05
delta r = 2.0963E-05
c5=
c4=
c3=
c2=
c1=
c0=
1
-5.00003632
-11.999873
38.0006368
13.9998766
89.9991061
=
=
1.0000
2.00000280
r
s
er =
es =
0.002096%
0.001054%
er =
es =
0.000323%
0.000161%
7 iteracin:
a0=
a1=
a2=
a3=
a4=
a5=
NGJ/v06
-120
-46
79
-3
-7
1
b5=
b4=
b3=
b2=
b1=
b0=
delta s =
delta r =
-3.2287E-06
-3.2325E-06
1
-5.9999972
-7.00001121
59.999958
8.4092E-05
0.00016794
Unidad IV
r
s
c5=
c4=
c3=
c2=
c1=
c0=
1
-4.9999944
-12.0000196
37.999902
14.0000197
90.0001372
=
=
1.0000
1.99999957
100
-120
-46
79
-3
-7
1
b5=
b4=
b3=
b2=
b1=
b0=
1
-6.00000043
-6.99999828
60.0000065
-1.2923E-05
-2.5853E-05
delta s = 4.972E-07
delta r = 4.9708E-07
r
s
c5=
c4=
c3=
c2=
c1=
c0=
1
-5.00000086
-11.999997
38.0000151
13.999997
89.9999789
=
=
1.0000
2.00000007
er =
es =
0.000050%
0.000025%
9 iteracin:
a0=
a1=
a2=
a3=
a4=
a5=
-120
-46
79
-3
-7
1
b5=
b4=
b3=
b2=
b1=
b0=
delta s =
delta r =
-7.6477E-08
-7.6481E-08
raz =
x1 =
x2 =
1
-5.99999993
-7.00000027
59.999999
1.9886E-06
3.9769E-06
r
s
c5=
c4=
c3=
c2=
c1=
c0=
1
-4.99999987
-12.0000005
37.9999977
14.0000005
90.0000032
=
=
1.0000
1.99999999
er =
es =
0.000008%
0.000004%
8.99999994
1.99999999
-1
-120
-46
79
-3
-7
1
Divisin sinttica
1.99999999
x1 =
x2 =
1.99999999
-1
-7
1.99999999
-5.00000001
-3
-9.99999997
-13
79
-25.9999998
53.0000002
-46
106
59.9999998
-5.00000001
-1
-6.00000001
-13
6.00000001
-6.99999996
53.0000002
6.99999996
60.0000002
59.9999998
-60.0000002
-3.0592E-07
1
-1
1
1
NGJ/v06
Unidad IV
-120
119.999999
-9.1776E-07
101
60.0000002
-6.99999996
a2 =
a3 =
-6.00000001
1
s = 1
b3 =
1
b2 = -4.00000001
b1 = 13.99999998
b0 = 28.00000018
delta s = 13.99999999
delta r = 3.88468E-09
c3 =
c2 =
1
-2.00000001
c1 =
c0 =
-17
-7.99999983
r =
s =
2
15
er =
es =
0.00%
93.33%
2 iteracin:
a0 = 60.0000002
a1 = 6.99999996
a2 = 6.00000001
a3 =
1
b3 =
c3 =
b2 =
-4.000000006
c2 =
-2
b1 =
b0 =
0
1.08771E-07
c1 =
c0 =
11
-7.99999991
delta s =
delta r =
-3.10774E-08
-1.55387E-08
r =
s =
1.99999999
15
er =
es =
0.00%
0.00%
3 iteracin:
a0
a1
a2
a3
=
=
=
=
60.0000002
-6.99999996
-6.00000001
1
delta s =
delta r =
b3
b2
b1
b0
=
=
=
=
1
-4.000000022
0
0
0
0
x3
x4
NGJ/v06
=
=
=
=
1
-2.00000003
10.9999999
-8.00000072
r =
s =
= 4.99999999
=
-3
1.99999999
15
Unidad IV
c3
c2
c1
c0
er = 0.00%
es = 0.00%
102
=
=
=
=
1
-6.00000001
-6.99999996
60.0000002
x3 =
x4 =
4.99999999
-3
-6.00000001
-3
-9.00000001
-6.99999996
27
20.0000001
-9.00000001
4.99999999
-4.00000002
20.0000001
-20.0000001
0
4.00000002
Divisin sinttica
-3
1
4.99999999
x5
NGJ/v06
Unidad IV
60.0000002
-60.0000002
0
103
xi = g (xi 1 )
f ( xi 1 )
= g ( xi 1 )
f ( xi 1 )
(x xi 2 ) f (xi 1 )
xi = xi 1 i 1
= g ( xi 1 )
f ( xi 1 ) f ( xi 2 )
xi = xi 1
(x D x I ) f (x D )
f (x D ) f (x I )
= (x D + x I ) / 2
xi = x D
xi
Ecuaciones polinomiales
Newton Rapson
xi = xi 1
modificado
Bairstow
Criterio de
convergencia
xi xi 1
g ( xi )
xi xi 1
g ( xi )
xi xi 1
xi xi 1
f ( xi )
xi xi 1
f ( xi )
f ( x) f ( x)
f ( x) f ( x) f ( x) f ( x)
bn = a n
bn 1 = a n 1 + rbn
bi = ai + rbi +1 + sbi + 2
r = r + r
s = s + s
b0 c 2 + c1b1
s =
c1c3 + c 22
b1 c3 s
c2
c n = bn
r =
i = n 2 hasta 1
c 2 r + c3 s = b1
c1 r + c 2 s = b0
r r 2 + 4s
x=
2
c n 1 = bn 1 + rc n
ci = bi + rci +1 + sci + 2 i = n 2 hasta 1
r=
NGJ/v06
r
100%
r
Unidad IV
s=
s
100%
s
104