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Projects for Beginning
Woodwork
and Mechanical Drawing

By Ira ^Griffith, A.
B.
n
Manual Arts, Bradley Polytechnic Institute, Peoria, Illinois.
Author of "Essentials of Woodworking, " "Woodwork for Amateur Craftsmen,"
"Correlated Courses in Woodwork and Mechanical Drawine," and
"Advanced Projects in Woodwork."
Assistant Professor of
THE MANUAL ARTS PRESS

PEORIA, ILLINOIS
4>
COPYRIGHT,
IRA.
S.
GRIFFITH,
1912.
/*-
CU316316
PREFACE.
"Projects for Beginning
Woodwork and
Mechanical Drawing"
is
composed
of
jects that have proven of exceptional service in introducing the subject matter of
woodworking
woodworking
proin a
systematic manner.
The aim thruout has been to provide

number of familiar projects will be found
successful rather than unique projects.

included.
Some
use quite generally before they appeared in print, they may be considered as
and having proven themselves of exceptional worth, they are here repeated.
in
For
of these are already in print.
this reason a
Having been
common
heritage,
frame and pedestal, are original only

dimensions or construction is modified. The first is after a design by John D. Adams, the
others after models in use in the schools of Cleveland, Ohio.
The working drawings of these projects have been planned with special reference to the gradual introduction of the conventions of mechanical drawing. The simpler conventions are in keeping
with the present trend in the practice of the best drafting rooms. The indefinite length of blockingout line as used in these plates is a device intended to keep ever before the beginner the draftsman's
method of attack. Experience has shown this to be a most effective way to discourage line drawing
few
projects, notably the china wall rack, stool, picture
in that the
from point to point.
<,
All of the projects for mechanical drawing here given are completely solved.'
shown
that
it is
possible for a
boy
to
make
a very excellent
Experience has
copy of a drawing without fully under-
PROJECTS FOR BEGINNING
The making
WOODWORK
boy to interpret his

drawing. In addition to this, however, it is advisable to give the pupils some work in problems that
Problems in Mechanical Drawing by Charles A. Bennett is especially designed
are unsolved.
to meet this need, and the problems of Groups I-IV in his book have been used by the author in
connection with plates of Groups VII and VIII with very great success. While not directly connected with the woodwork, they form a most effective method of reviewing the principles of drawing given in connection with the plates of Groups I-VI.
The directions under "Notes on Drawing" and "Notes on Woodworking Projects" are for the
pupils' use. They are not intended in any way to take the place of a careful demonstration, but are
standing
its
meaning.
of stock bills assists greatly in forcing the

1
offered merely as guide posts to aid the beginner in his efforts to recall the order of procedure as given
When he has become accustomed to working in a logical manner there is no

in the demonstration.
longer any necessity for definite directions in note form, hence the meagerness of the notes for the
later groups.
While the projects and notes
and discussed
nothing in the form of

ning woodwork.
May,
1
book are arranged especially for use with the courses outlined
Woodwork and Mechanical Drawing by the author, there is
the plates themselves to prevent their being used with any course in beginof the
in Correlated Courses in
1912.
Another book by the same author
as in preparation.
IRA
entitled
Grammar Grade Problems
This will probably meet the needs
still
better.
in
S.
GRIFFITH.
Mechanical Drawing, has been announced
LIST OF PLATES.
Group
1.
Group
2.
3.
4.
I.
Cutting board.
17.
Bird house.
18.
Broom
19.
Bench-hook.
holder.
II.
Group VI.
Book
39.
Electric cluster.
trough.
40.
Electric table or desk light.
Teapot blocks.
41.
Key-rack.
21.
Thermometer back.
42.
Calendar mount or memo board.

Hall rack or mirror frame.
III.
22.
Calendar mount.
43.
Picture-frame.
23.
Card holder.
44.
Taboret.
45.
China wall rack.
46.
Pedestal.
5.
Ringtoss.
24.
Bill
Spool holder.
25.
7.
Game
26.
Handkerchief box.
Glove box.
8.
Laundry
Groove
board.
file.
register.
Group VII.
Group IV.
9.
Sleeve board.
27.
10.
Bread board.
Cake board.
28.
Book-rack.
29.
Necktie rack.
12.
Cross-lap joint.
38.
20.
6.
13.
37.
Counting board.
Coat and hat rack.
Group
11.
Group VIII.
Scouring board.
Coat hanger.
>
joint.
Supplementary.
30.
Magazine rack.
47.
Suggestive treatments for
31.
Footstool.
48.
Suggestive
32.
49.
treatments
stool.
for
necktie
14.
Nail box.
34.
Paper or magazine wall rack.

Wall shelf.
Table or desk shelves.
15.
Knife polishing box.

Knife and fork box.
35.
Taboret.
50.
Introductory sheet, Drawing.
36.
Stool.
51.
Geometric sheet, Drawing.
Group V.
16.
33.
rack.
Suggestive
treatments
for
rack.
book-
PRINCIPLES
DRAWING
AND SEQUENCE.
Group
WOODWORK
III.
Hidden edges
Introductory Sheet
Group
Group IV.
Straight lines (Use of instruments)
Center lines
Angles
Tangents
Lettering
Group
Squaring
stock
Group VI.
II.
Foreshortening
Geometric Construction Sheet
on
two
on
two
II.
surfaced
Group
III.
Squaring up rough stock
Broken views
Appreciation in structural and deco-
Ellipse
up
sides (continued)
Group V.
Working drawings
Blocking out
Simple dimensioning
Scale
Group
I.
surfaced
I.
Relation of views
Octagon
stock
sides to thickness
Cross-sections
Order of procedure
Circles
up
Points of tangency
Group
Hexagon
Squaring
rative
design
Group IV.
Working curves
Group V.
Duplicate parts
Groups VII-VIII.
Working drawings
Group VI.
Design
Group VII.
Appreciation in design
Groups V-VIII.
Stock bills
Estimates of cost
Groove
joints
Group VIII.
Cross-lap joints
NOTES ON DRAWING.
The
fine lines of indefinite length represent the
blocking-out lines.
These are made by pressing

just enough to make
very lightly on the pencil
them
visible.
The
heavier lines, representing the
border line and the outlines of the object, are made

by going over the drawing a second time and pressing rather heavily on the pencil as It moves along
over the blocking-out line bounding the object.
All drawing sheets are to have cutting lines, bor-
der lines, the
name
name
of the object, the scale,
and the
be 11" by 17"; on the

smaller paper it will be 8" by 11". On either large
or small paper the border line will be within
the cutting line 1" on the left side and }4" on
the larger paper
will
the other three sides.
Introductory Sheet
50.
Place the paper and fasten it to the board.

Lay off the cutting and border lines as fol-
1.
2.
lows
Plate
Lay
the scale vertically on the paper and
owner of the drawing. The name of

drawn and the name of the owner are
place short light lines at the following divisions
be printed in letters 3/16" high. The scale will

be in letters yi" high. Place them as shown in
light blocking-out lines entirely across the paper.
Fig.
short, light lines at the following divisions, be-
of the
the object
to
1.
Paper for Groups VII and VIII will be 12" by

All other drawings will be on paper 9" by
12"
The oblong made by the cutting lines on
18".
'.
o", y
2 ",
3.
Now
yy2 " and
8".
Thru these
points
draw
lay the scale horizontally and place
ginning at the left,o",
1",
the triangle and T-square
11^" and
draw
12".
light
With
vertical
blocking-out lines thru these points across the
BORDER LINE
rCUTTING LINE
j- EDGE OF PAPER
r THUMB TACK
6
'
Tint
3T-AÊ
NAME
o
Fig. 1
NOTES ON DRAWING
These
border and cutting lines,

and there remains only the going over the border line a second time with pressure on the pencil
paper.
to
make
it
lines give
"stand out," Fig.
Block out the guide lines for the letters and

figures
very light lines of indefinite length.
little
square
is
to be Y%"
making the
letters
Yz" high.
5.
Draw
Draw
a light line for a
line.
Drop the T-square below
making the angles. Why?
6.
Make
Draw
Plate
1.
this a little
the final letters and figures.
Put on the cutting and border
1.
fig-
Find the approximate location of the views.
not place your drawing in a corner but in

the middle of the paper and a little below center.
Place your scale vertically and
the front and top views.
Y%" high and drawn between two lightly made

lines of indefinite length.
Make these lines $"
light lines
You
are supposed to
have learned the proportions of the letters by this

time so you need not draw any vertical blocking
lines as you did on the first set.
Print your name in its proper place. See
7.
Fig.
1.
make
short,
light lines that will locate the bottoms and tops of
ures and letters hereafter will be either %" or
apart and y%" as shown.
lines as de-
Do
3.
All
= 1".
to a scale J4"
scribed for the Introductory Sheet.

2.
the angles.
base
in
Cutting Board
I.
I.
4.
Each
GROUP
almost
all
Thru these points draw
the distance between the
border lines.
Place the scale horizontally and locate the
4.
vertical, lines that belong to both front and side
views.
lilies
With
triangle and T-square
draw
of indefinite length thru these points.
light
Make
these lines long enough to cross both front and
top view.
PROJECTS WOODWORK AND MECHANICAL DRAWING
10
5.
Go over
the
outline a second
pressure on the pencil

6.
7.
horizontal
Put on dimension lines.

Put on lettering, Fig. 1, and
time
with
lines first.
figures.
ble in keeping the light blocking lines separated
your mind, you may make the outlines heavy

immediately after blocking out the chamfers.
(1.
Put on the dimension lines.
in
7.
GROUP
Counting Board Plate 2.

Coat and Hat Rack Plate
Key-rack Plate 4.
Geometric Sheet
3.
1.
2.
Scale J^"
1.
Draw
= i".
lines.
Locate the views and then block out the

horizontal and vertical lines of the outlines.
certain
these
figures.
Plate
51.
Lay out cutting and border lines.

Divide your space within the border into
four equal parts.
cutting and border
2.
Make
Put on the lettering and
II.
lines
are
sufficiently
long.
Locate and block out the horizontal and

vertical lines of the chamfer
next, the oblique
3.
or slanting lines at the corners.
Locate and block out the lines that locate

4.
screw hooks or holes.
Make heavy the outline. If you have trou5.
3.
Locate the center of each of these parts.
4.
Thru
these centers
draw
light horizontal
and on these construct the different figures

as shown.
The diameter of the circles in which the hexagon and six-point star are made is 3". The octagon is built in a 3" square. The ellipse has a
major axis of 3j 2 /' and a minor axis of 3". For
the constructions, see Appendix III, Sec. 5 of
Êssentials of Woodworking.
lines
NOTES ON DRAWING
GROUP
Plate
Board Plate
Ring-toss
4.
6.
7.
Plate
The smaller
ject
8.
J4" = l".
Scale for each project
same order as
in the
circles will
Draw
at the top
Laundry Register
Proceed
In a similar
manner describe the arc
of
the circle at the other extremity.
5.
Spool Holder Plate
Game
circle.
III.
11
demand
in
the tangents connecting these circles
and bottom.
II.
careful handling
On
the sleeve board project
vertical tangents at each extremity
down
into the
field of its cross-section.

5.
of the compass.
the bread board, pro-
these tangent lines over into the field of
the cross-section.
Group
On
Using the same centers as above, shorten
the radius as specified on the drawings and put
GROUP
Plate
Board Plate
Sleeve Board
9.
Bread
10.
Scale for each project

1.
IV.
y2 " 1".
Locate and draw a light
length for center
On
line of indefinite
line.
9.
measure off the extreme length

of the board, also, on the bread board, the thick2.
this line
3.
Set the compass for a radius of an end and
somewhat greater than
10.
Cross-hatch the sections.
Put on the figures and
Cake Board
ness of the cross-section.

describe an arc
on the inner lines of the front view.

6.
Locate and complete the cross-sections,
putting on their curves.
Make heavy the outlines and border.
7.
8.
Put on the dimension lines.
a semi-
Plate
lettering.
n.
1.
Locate and draw the two center
2.
Set the compass and draw the circles.
lines.
PROJECTSWOODWORK AND MECHANICAL DRAWING
12
3.
Project tangents from these into the
field
of the cross-section.
4.
5.
6.
Complete the cross-section

Make heavy the outlines.
Put on dimension lines.
7.
Cross-hatch the section.
8.
Put on the figures and
outline.
7.
Plate
1.
9.
Put on
figures
Coat Hanger
Plate
1.
12.
Locate and draw the major and the minor
line for
Locate the center
line
3.
the drawing.
From
and
at the
blocking-out
Draw
same time
lines
as
these lines.
the base line measure up on these
vertical lines as indicated
By means
of the
trammel
method
(See
Directions for
Project tangents to the
field of
the cross-
section.
6.
Locate and draw the blocking-out
shown on
Scouring Board, paragraph 3, page 26) plot the

curve and trace it.
Trace the inner curve.
3.
5.
lettering.
13.
locate the other vertical
Notes on Woodworking Projects.
4.
and
the base line.
lettering.
axes.
2.
lines.
8.
2.
Scouring Board
Put on dimension

Make heavy all outlines.
outline.
on the drawing. Sketch

the curves thru the points so located. Sketch the
curve which parallels the top curve.
Project the tangent to the top and bottom
4.
curves over into the field of the cross-section.
5.
6.
Make heavy
all
outline.
outlines.
7.
Put on dimension
8.
9.
Put on figures and
lines.
lettering.
NOTES ON DRAWING
GROUP
Scale
drawing that view
V.
The
scale should be as
large as can be used with the paper provided.
Make
the drawing either i"=i", or
y2 "=i"
or
J4"=i", or #"=i".
In this and the succeeding groups only a few
projects need directions for procedure.
All of
them are begun either with a base line, as in the
cutting board, or with a center line or center lines.
Some
them have both base line and center line,

being builded partly from one and partly from
the other. In almost every case it is clear which
is to be drawn first
base line or center line.
of
Occasionally
it is
not possible to
first
you
will
be able to get
the necessary dimensions in the second view by
From this on the student will determine
the scale to be used.
13
tell
dimensions
on one view in any other way than by projecting

lines from corresponding parts in another view.
If you fail to find dimensions you think you need,
look to the other view and you will find that by
projection.
Box Plate
Nail
14.
Box
Knife Polishing
It will
Plate
15.
be necessary to work up the two views
of this project together, getting

in
some
of the lines
one view by projecting from the other view.
Knife and Fork

Bird
Box
Box Plate
The end view
Plate
16.
17.
will
have to be drawn
first,
and
then, with horizontal lines, projected into the side
view.
Draw
two views,
the base line entirely across for the
of course.
Plate
Broom Holder
Read
18.
directions for Knife Polishing Box.
Bench-hook Plate
19.
14
GROUP
Plate
Plate
Mount Plate
Teapot Blocks
self
20.
On
21.
GROUP
22.
Card Holder Plate 23.

Bill File Plate 24.
Handkerchief Box Plate
Glove Box Plate 26.
1.
Work from base line,

should there be any.
25.
the sketch paper provided you,
make
carefully at least four modifications or designs of
the project assigned your class.

2.
On
by yourself
in-
On
another sketch paper make at least four

modifications or designs for decorating one of
the three outlines above.
On
5.
Make
paper provided place three of these decorative forms selected by yourself and instructor.
a full-size pattern, putting in the out-
and
center
Plate
The end view
48.
31.
will
have to have some of
determine some of the measurements
Paper and Magazine Wall Rack Plate

Wall Shelf Plate 33.
Table or Desk Shelves Plate 34.
Plate
its
into the other view in order to

in
view.
Taboret
also
line
lines projected
structor.
4.
Footstool
and
VII.
Groove Joint Plate 27.

Book-rack Plates 28 and 49.
Necktie Rack Plates 29 and
Magazine Rack Plate 30.
second sheet provided you, place three
of these outlines selected
3.
and design for decoration selected by yourand instructor, also a working drawing if
needed.
Thermometer Back
Calendar
line
VI.
35.
32.
that
NOTES ON DRAWING
Locate and block out center
i.
line of the
15
two
GROUP
views.
2.
With
the forty-five degree triangle block
out the lines for the view of the top.

3.
4.
Draw
the vertical diagonal of the top view.
Measure
to either side of this vertical diag-
onal one-half the width of the leg and block ver-
Repeat horizontally, on the
tical lines.
center
Block
off the
these lines just
corners of the top view where
drawn cut the
sides of the square
of the top.
6.
On
these lines build the top views of the
Project these lines into the
field of
the front
view and complete the front view.

8.
Make heavy the outlines.
Put on dimension lines and figures and
9.
tering.
Stool
37.
view can be determined by looking

therefore
view
it
of the
will
of the front
view
at that
be necessary to block out the
end of the trough
first
and project
Electric Cluster Plate 39.

Electric Table or Desk Light
Plates
Plate
43.
Taboret Plate 44.

1.
Locate and block out a square for the
On
2.
let-
Plate 40.
Calendar Mount or Memo Board Plate 41.

Hall Rack or Mirror Frame Plate 42.
Picture-frame
legs.
7.
Plate
Book Trough Plate 38.

None of the vertical measurements
these points into the field of the front view.
line.
5.
Cross-lap Joint
VIII.
top.
this square construct the octagon.
Horizontally and vertically thru the center
of the octagon, block out center lines.
On
either
side of these center lines block out lines a distance
36 and 47.
equal to one-half the width of the legs.
STOCK
BILL
Name_
(Form)
Article.
Kind of Wood.
Grade_
Cutting
Finished Sizes
Pieces
J
2
1
Thickness
H
K
Width
3
Length
Pieces
5#
Sizes
Thickness
Width
H
H
IX
12
16
Length
9H
12'/2
NOTES ON DRAWING
3.
Where
these lines cut the sides of the octa-
gon, block out the views of the tops of the legs.

4.
Project these lines
into
the
field
of
the
front view and complete that view.

5.
Make heavy
6.
Put on the dimension
Rack Plate
Plate
45.
Locate and draw the center line.

2.
Block out the front and top views together
as the placing of the dimensions necessitate, projecting from one view into the other.
The octagonal
top
is built in
a square.
Curves that have no definite radius marked on

the drawing are to be made freehand.
Stock Bill
Work
from
your
assist
All projects in
own
in
Groups
Groups
bills
are not needed for articles
composed
are to be planed.
Your drawing
will tell
you
Pieces of irregular shape are to be
drawing.
Cutting sizes are obtained from the finished

by adding *4" to the width and Yi" to the
length. Cutting sizes are the sizes to which you
work in sawing out the stock preparatory to plansizes
ing
it.
All stock will be mill-planed on
two surfaces
to the correct thicknesses except that for the ring
holder, game board, and laundry

Thickness of mill-planed stock will be
the same whether for finished sizes or cutting
sizes. On rough stock, or stock that has not been
toss,
spool
register.
Instructions
way you can
those in
figured at their widest and longest dimensions.
46.
1.
3.
Stock
these sizes.
China Wall
VII- VIII of chestnut.
Finished sizes are the sizes to which the pieces
and figures and
lettering.
Pedestal
white pine or yellow poplar
of one piece of material only.
the outlines.
lines
17
In
this
checking it for e'rrors.

I-IV will be made of
if the finished size

cutting size will be 1" thick.
mill-planed,
is
ffl thick the
(Form, reverse side of a Stock
ESTIMATE OF COST OF MATERIAL

2
U inch stock (a 7c
% inch stock (a 5c
square feet of
square
ft.
of
No. 10,
1 inch,
square feet of finish
flat
head, bright screws

(ff
.14
.02
%c
.01
lc
.05
18
.22
Bill)
NOTES ON DRAWING
Sometimes it is possible to save material by
combining two irregular pieces, Fig. 2. The fin-
length and
19
number
of pieces being considered.
Fractions of an inch and fractions of a cent are
not considered.
If the fraction is J^
the next higher whole
becomes
3.
thus, 2^4
becomes
If
number
the fraction
is
or over, use
thus, 2^2 or
less
2%
than J^ drop
it
2.
In .figuring, find the number of square inches

in all pieces that are the
Fig. 2
number
ished stock sizes will indicate the

pieces while the cutting size will indicate the size
of the single piece
Remember
from which they are to be
that length always
of
cut.
means "along
the grain of the wood," and that a piece
may be
Under the word "Pieces" put

same size.
Estimate of Cost of Material
wider than long.

the
number
of pieces that are of the
your
ting sizes.
list
same in price per

by dividing by
this to square feet

it
lumber
estimate
on
the
cut-
All prices of lumber in your price
are per square foot, therefore, your stock
should be figured by surface measure, only width,
foot.
144.
decimally and do not carry the result
tenth's place.
Dispose of any fractional
beyond tenths as directed above. Always
write your decimal in a fractional form in the
bill
otherwise a decimal point might be overlooked and the result be greatly changed. In the
form above .3 is written 3/10, you will note.
figures
In figuring finish, both surfaces of the stock are

to be covered so that the easiest
Instructions
Base
Reduce
Reduce
beyond
number
of square feet of finish
way
to find the
simply to double the number of square feet of lumber. Edges

are not considered. Only Groups VI, VII, and
VIII have finish applied.
is
PRICE LIST FOR
19
LUMBER.
Chestnut, 1st grade, clear, kiln dried,
S-2-S to Yz
per square foot
S-2-S to 24"> per square foot

S-2-S to 1", per square foot
White Pine or Yellow Poplar,
1st grade, clear, kiln dried
S-2-S to Y&" per square foot

S-2-S to J 2 ", per square foot
',
S-2-S to 24", per square foot
Rough,
1",
per square foot
HARDWARE.
Screws,
24" No. 10
1"
No.
i54" No.
J
i
2 " No.
2.y2 " No.
3"
10
10
flat
flat
flat
head, bright, each
head, bright, each

head, bright, each
10
flat
head, bright, each
10
flat
head, bright, each
No. 10
flat
head, bright, each
Y%" No. 10
24" No. 10
round head, blued, each

round head, blued, each
1^2" No. 10 round head, blued, each
20
19
NOTES ON DRAWING
21
Nails,
17 wire brads (used in Groups V and VI), enough for nailing one box
No. 15 wire finishing nails (used in Groups VII and VIII), enough nails
project
f
,
1%" No.
I yi"
for nailing
one
Miscellaneous
"
No. 81, Ya," brass shoulder hooks for key-rack, each
No. 81, 1" brass shoulder hooks for china wall rack, each
2J/2" black Japanned wire coat hooks, each
No. 6 wire hook for coat hanger
No. 1214^ brass screw eye and No. 1614 hook (calendar mount) per pair
Fixtures for electric lights and hooks for hall mirror are to be purchased by the individual
prices and tastes vary so greatly.
:
WOOD
Stain,
filler,
shellac
and wax or
filler,
shellac
FINISH.
and wax or
stain
and wax, per square foot
of surface
NOTES ON WOODWORKING PROJECTS.
GROUP
I.
3.
Plane a face edge (a) square to the face
side, (b) parallel to the face edge,
Squaring up Stock that has been Mill-planed

on Two Surfaces to the Desired Thickness.
straight.
(Two
tests)
dimensions required, but to be

square and as large as the stock* given will allow.
The fewer the shavings taken off and the desired
definite
result attained, the better
workman you
4.
5.
will
Plane one end (a) square to face side and
(b) to the face edge.
GROUP
piece,
6" by 12", mill-planed, or S-2-S,
Directions
piece to your instructor after each
step taken.
and mark face
1.
Select
2.
Plane a face edge (a) square to the face
side
and
Mark
than
the
ness.
Dowel stock
to be
side.
(b) straight as to length.
(Two
II.
Squaring up Stock that has been Mill-planed

on Two Surfaces to the Desired Thickness.
Definite Dimensions.
Stock Provided
Stock will be *4" wider and y2 " longer
".
Show your
tests)
be
Stock Provided:
One
(Two
Plane second end similarly.
considered.
yA
and therefore
sliding try-square
test for width, not gage.
No
to
Use
finished
sawed
sizes,
but
S-2-S to thick-
for pegs will be provided ready
into lengths.
Directions:
Show your
tests)
face edge properly.
step.
22
piece to your instructor after each
NOTES ON WOODWORKING PROJECTS

1.
test.)
2.
Mark
3.
smooth
Select and plane
Mark
a face side.
(One
the key-rack and hat-rack.
Keep the head
Select and plane a face edge.
(Two
tests.)
Lay
12.
off the
for width.
Keep
the gage head against
a rule along a line so
With
13.
made and mark
hole centers.
try-square and knife score light lines
the face edge.
thru these points and across the piece.
Plane second edge to the gage line and

square. Test for squareness.
step
4.
Plane one end square. (Two tests.)

6.
Measure off length from this end.
Score knife lines around at point just located.
7.
Keep the beam of the try-square against one or
5.
the other of the faces in so doing.

8.
With back-saw
cut off surplus stock.
Saw
carefully parallel to the knife line and about 1/32"
or 1/16" in the waste.

9.
Plane to the knife
With
lines.
11.
rule
Gage very
piece thru these
light lines the full length of the
marks
or
mark,
may
(This
be omitted on the key-rack and hat-
rack.)
With a point of the dividers, if no awl is

provided, mark the places at which the holes are
to be bored.
(On the hat-rack and key-rack also
mark the places into which the hooks are to be in14.
serted, but be careful not to bore holes there.)

15.
Bore the
16.
Smooth
holes.
the knife
and gage marks from the
surface.
and knife divide the width into

the required number of parts, and mark.
10.
of the
gage against the face edge.
it.
it.
Gage
23
in the case of
Lay out and work the chamfer.

Put the numbers on the counting board.
Make three pegs. Put the hooks on the hat-rack
and key-rack.
17.
18.
24
Stock provided will be J4" wider, y?" iongei

than finished size and will be in the rough, i" thick.
Dowel stock will be provided for pegs.
By means of rule, knife, try-square and

(7).
gage lay out the location of the holes, knifing
across the grain and gaging along the grain, as
was done in the previous group. Make these
lines lightly and watch your drawing that no mistakes occur.
Mark centers with awl or divider
Directions
point.
GROUP
Stock Provided
Show
III.
the piece to your instructor after each of
(8).
Bore the
the steps the numbers of which are in parentheses.
(9).
Smooth the
(i).
True and smooth
broad surface.
Put
holes.
knife
and gage marks from
the broad surface.
Lay out and work

Make the pegs.
the chamfer.
on a face mark.
2.
Prepare a face edge. Put on a face mark.
Gage to required width from face edge and
3.
plane to the gage line.
Gage to required thickness on both edges
(4).
from face side. Plane to the gage lines.
Square one end from the face side and face
5.
Sandpaper.
Glue
pegs where so specified on draw(13).
ing, and test for plumbness.
edge.
Stock Provided:
(6).
Measure the required length and score
knife lines about the second end.
waste and plane to the knife
lines.
Saw
in
the
(10).
(11).
(12).
GROUP
IV.
Stock provided hereafter will be mill-planed on
two surfaces to the required thicknesses, but must

be cut out by the pupil.
-.'
Directions for Bread and Sleeve Board:
Directions for Getting out Stock:

i.
Never cut a large board until you have first
looked over the small pieces in the scrap box to
see
if
They
your piece can be cut from one of these.

are the
same quality
of stock, only smaller.
2.
No piece, once having been sawed out, is to
be put back or disposed of without the instructor's
permission.
Cut the stock %" wider and y2 " longer than

the drawing calls for the finished piece. Where
3.
the piece
is
irregular in shape cut for the widest
part and longest part unless

mise.
REMEMBER
it is
possible to econo-
that length always
means
along the grain.

4.
Lay
with
off
pencil
Thumb-gage
straight-edge.
using
if
5.
1.
2.
piece to your instructor after each step.
Smooth both broad surfaces.

Lay off a center line down the middle
of the
board using a straight-edge and light penciled line.

On this line measure off the extreme length.
3.
4.
Set the dividers to the radius called for; set
one point of the dividers on one of the points which

indicates the length of the board and the other
point of the dividers back on the line. Draw the
circle a little more than half.
Lay off the circle at the second end similarly.
5.
6.
With
a straight-edge
and
light penciled line
and
is fairly
the full length of the board so as to indicate later
square
the edge
Show the
connect these two circles with their tangents. Be

sure the lines are tangent. Draw these tangents
the point at which to start ripping.
straight.
Rip-saw
25
first to
the cross line then crosscut
to ripped line, leaving on the board
what you need.
all
but just
7.
Rip-saw
parallel to these tangents
and Y%"
in the waste.
8.
With
the turning
saw cut the curves keep-
26
Pare to within 1/32" of the curved line, usKeep the edge square
across. Test with try-square. Carpenters some-
Measure and mark off on a piece of paper

3.
two points a distance apart equal to one-half the
major axis. From one of these points measure in
the same direction along the paper's edge a distance equal to one-half the minor axis. Keeping
this last point always on the major axis and the
adjacent point always on the minor axis, plot the
times use the plane here instead of the chisel.
curve.
ing parallel to the line and at right angles to the

surface and outside the line.
9.
Plane to the tangent
lines, testing
with try-
square.
10.
ing chisel and chisel board.
11.
Spokeshave to the curved
lines
and plane
to the straight lines, testing with try-square.

12.
Pencil gage for }i" curve.
See Sec. 60,
Woodworking.
Spokeshave
the edge rounding.
13.
Sandpaper the curve as shown in Sec. 60.
14.
Remove pencil marks with eraser then
15.
sandpaper the broad surfaces.
Directions for Scouring Board:
1.
Smooth the broad surfaces.
2.
With straight-edge and pencil, lay off the
major axis. At right angles to this lay off the
minor axis.
Essentials of
Trace the curve. Also see

Woodworking Appendix III, Sec. 5.
Essentials of
With the turning-saw, cut out the form,

4.
keeping away from the line y&" and sawing square
across the board.
Pare the waste away to within 1/32" of the

Place the piece on the chisel board so as not
to cut into the bench.
5.
line.
6.
Cut to the
line
with the spokeshave.
Test
for squareness of the edge with try-square.

7.
Pencil-gage }i" curve as in Sec. 60, Essen-
Woodworking.
Spokeshave the edge rounding.
Sandpaper the edge, Sec. 60.
tials of
8.
9.

Remove
10.
the pencil
marks from the broad
10.
27
Pare to within 1/32" of the
line
and
finish
Use the tryThe chisel board
surfaces with an eraser, "and then sandpaper.
to the line, using the spokeshave.
Directions for Coat Hanger:
square test frequently for edge.

should be used so as not to injure the bench-top.
and plane smooth a face side.

Select and plane straight and square a face
Select
i.
2.
3.
Smooth the second broad
4.
Plane one end square.
5.
Measure the length, and score knife
around
this
Saw
6.
surface.
of
lines
second end.
be made rounding.
Woodworking.
Spokeshave this edge rounding, Sec. 60.
Bore the hole for the hook.
13.
14.
off the waste,
and plane to the knife
Remove
all
pencil
marks with an
eraser,
then sandpaper.
Directions for Cake Board:
Measure along the face edge, and square
7.
light pencil lines across the face side as indicated

in the
drawing.
Measure along the

locate
the
lines
from the face edge,
points needed in plotting the
curves, and trace carefully the curves freehand.

9.
to
is
12.
lines.
and
The upper edge
Pencil-gage for yi" curve as in Sec. 60, Essentials
edge.
8.
11.
With
the turning-saw, cut the curves, keep-
ing parallel to the lines and }i" in the waste.

the blade at right angles to the surface.
Keep
1.
Smooth both broad
surfaces.
Locate the center of the block by drawing

the diagonals and describe the circle wanted.
2.
3.
With
the turning-saw, cut the curve, keep-
ing parallel to the line and
%" in
the waste.
Keep
the blade at right angles to the surface of the
board.
4.
Pare to within 1/32" of the
line,
and
finish
the edge square to the surface with the spoke-
28
Use the
shave.
chisel
board so as not to mark the
Pencil-gage the Y" rounded edge, Essen-
Woodworking, Sec. 60.

Spokeshave the edge rounding.
Remove the pencil marks with an eraser,
tials of
6.
7.
then sandpaper.
V.
Duplicate Parts.
your pieces. Use small pieces wherever

possible. If you find that several boys must wait
while you are cutting your stock, get out only
enough pieces to allow you to start planing, and
return later for the rest.
surfaces.
was originally intended.

mark the face sides of all
pieces
that are to be of similar width.

4.
Plane a face edge on each of these.
5.
Gage
their widths.
planed, and measure off the length on one piece.

sizes, get
all
Remove
it
Select and
Plane their second edges.

Plane one end of each piece square.
7.
8.
Place those that are to be of equal length on
the bench side by side, even the ends that were
Fastening with Nails and Screws.

1.
Using your stock bill of cutting
2.
3.
should not be used for the thick-
6.
GROUP
out
it
ness for which
bench-top.
5.
badly cupped
10.
is
not necessary, for the
construction of the boxes permits the "nailing
out" of any slight irregularities.
If a
beard
is
Score knife line across
all
the face edges at
Separate the pieces and carry these lines
across the face side of each piece, square to the

face edges.
it.
the mill-marks from both broad
Surface truing
9.
this point.
Finish these second ends in the usual man-
ner.
If these like pieces are
any of them under
size
thru faulty work, reset the gage and regage all

of them to the same width as the smallest part of

the poor piece.
that
face edges up,
work them
12.
If it
was wrong,
was the length of one of them

them again on the bench,
place
and re-mark them, and then
In a similar manner
having similar
work up other pieces

widths or lengths, then work up
whether any of these latter

pieces are affected by changed dimensions on previous pieces. If they are, follow the new dimensions as obtained from the pieces already worked.
For illustration, if the two sides of a box have been
shortened thru poor work a middle partition runnig parallel with them, and the bottom dimension
parallel to these sides, will have to be shortened
accordingly. Do not change any parts, however,
that are not so affected the width of the bottom,
to see
for instance.
Fasten the parts.
15.
,On boxes fasten the

Fasten the ends
to the sides or the sides to the ends.
bottom
Place the
last.
In fastening the bottom, place and nail one edge
bottom
of the
to a side of the box.
Next make
even the end of the bottom and one end of the box,
and nail this. If the end of the bottom board and
the end of the
box
do>
not "line up"
move
the
unfastened side of the box until they are even.
Fasten the other side and end and set the

If
the bottom projects any, plane
it
off
nails.
and sand-
paper the outside of the box.

Fastening with Screws
:
1.
Square up the different parts as described
above.
2.
Test all the parts by placing them in posi13.

tion or along side corresponding parts.
the parts except those parts
sides or the ends to the partition.
the single pieces.
Take note
all
that go together to form a joint.
re-
to this shorter length.
Sandpaper
14.
29
Bore the holes
screws are to be
holes.
in the parts thru
first
put.
which the
Countersink these
30
3.
Place the upper piece on the lower and
mark
thru the holes already bored with brad-awl or a

divider point.
Insert the screws.
wood no boring need be done

If
As
in the
squared up, but the curve
this is soft
second piece.
you have trouble holding the parts together
place the pieces in the vise and insert one screw

at a time.
If
the outline of the part
Structural, Decorative.
and marking around
ture.
it,
get the shape.
Here a
of the suggestions given require
to require a little
any new
and are intended
thought as to which of the
may
require,
methods previously used they demand for

the various parts.
The method
to
depend upon the design of the strucbased upon a square or oblong, square up the parts in the usual manner, and
put in the modifications afterward. For illustration, the octagon is based upon the square. Work
the part to a square, therefore, and afterward lay
be used
irregular in shape,
will
None
Directions
Work up
is
be necessary to make a full-sized templet or

pattern in paper and by laying this on the wood
it
methods tho they
I.
out immediately
center line will be used.
GROUP VI.
Design:
is laid
and worked.
will
If the outline is
out for the corners.

If the part is circular,
2.
3-
Sandpaper the parts and put them together.

If nails are used set the heads slightly and
cover them.
4.
Apply the
5-
Outline the design as instructed.

Apply the stains.
6.
7-
no edges or ends are
their
solution.
8.
design.
Apply the wax for polishing.

Apply a second coat of wax.
GROUP
VII
Groove Joint.
Using the cutting

all your stock.
your stock bill,

you should find that
several boys are waiting while you cut your stock,
take only enough to get your work started, and
sizes of
If
return later for the rest.

2.
Work
up
like parts,
to insure accuracy
gotten
how
tions for
to
to
planning the work so as

If you have for-
duplicate parts, reread direc-
3.
Glue up your joints as they are ready,

them dry when they are needed later.
When this glue has hardened over night take off
the clamps, clean up the wood with sandpaper, and
put on the finish.
Directions for Finish:
Apply the
filler.
See Essentials
of
Wood-
working, Sec. 151.
Be
sure to get
ners while
it is
cleaned off and out of the cor-
it
soft.
Allow the
filler
to stand over
fine
paper held on
night after being rubbed.
laid out.
Lay out the
the cross-lap projects, glue and clamp
so as to have
1.
remove the mill-marks before laying
not put on any chamfers until the joints
have been
has dried
the joints.
out any joints.
Do
On
6.
off the filler,
filler
and save time.
work
Group VI.
Be sure
Clean
filler.
put the parts together and, after the

over night, shellac, and then wax.
Directions
1.
the groove joint projects, sandpaper
the parts and put on the
Cross-lap Joint.
get out
On
5.
AND GROUP VIII.
31
joints.
working, Sees. 62, JJ.

Work the joints.
4.
See
Essentials of
Wood?
2.
the
See
working, Sees. 78, 79, 80, 81.
Essentials of
Wood-
Sandpaper the
finger tips.
and allow
of
filler
with
Apply a very
this to
thin coat of shellac
dry over night.
Woodworking, Sec. 149.
See
Essentials
PROJECTSWOODWORKING, AND MECHANICAL DRAWING
32
Sandpaper this^hellac lightly with fine paper held on the finger tips. Apply a coat of wax.
If a decoraEssentials of Woodworking, Sec. 153.
tive design in spirit stains has been used, omit the
shellac coat and apply two coats of wax. Stain
3.
for decorative design
is
to be applied after sand-
papering the wood and before applying the
filler.
Note
Oil finish will not stick to glue spots.
Neither will glue stick to an oiled surface.
:
Plate
1.
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2.
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3.
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Plate
16.
Plate
17.
RROOM HOLDER
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Plate
18.
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Plate
19.
TEAPOT BLOCKS
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22.
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SUGGESTIONS
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31.
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32.
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33.
TAB LE OR D ESK SHEL V ES
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24
Plate
34.
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Projects For Beginning Woodwork

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Projects For Beginning Woodwork

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1

Projects for Beginning

and Mechanical Drawing

THE MANUAL ARTS PRESS

The aim thruout has been to provide

successful rather than unique projects.

of these are already in print.

frame and pedestal, are original only

projects, notably the china wall rack, stool, picture

from point to point.

PROJECTS FOR BEGINNING

boy to interpret his

of stock bills assists greatly in forcing the

When he has become accustomed to working in a logical manner there is no

nothing in the form of

Another book by the same author

Grammar Grade Problems

This will probably meet the needs

Mechanical Drawing, has been announced

Electric table or desk light.

Calendar mount or memo board.

China wall rack.

Suggestive treatments for

Paper or magazine wall rack.

Knife polishing box.

Introductory sheet, Drawing.

Geometric sheet, Drawing.

Straight lines (Use of instruments)

Geometric Construction Sheet

Squaring up rough stock

Appreciation in structural and deco-

fine lines of indefinite length represent the

These are made by pressing

very lightly on the pencil

heavier lines, representing the

border line and the outlines of the object, are made

der lines, the

of the object, the scale,

be 11" by 17"; on the

the other three sides.

Place the paper and fasten it to the board.

the scale vertically on the paper and

owner of the drawing. The name of

place short light lines at the following divisions

be printed in letters 3/16" high. The scale will

light blocking-out lines entirely across the paper.

short, light lines at the following divisions, be-

Paper for Groups VII and VIII will be 12" by

yy2 " and

lay the scale horizontally and place

ginning at the left,o",

the triangle and T-square

blocking-out lines thru these points across the

border and cutting lines,

"stand out," Fig.

Block out the guide lines for the letters and

a light line for a

the final letters and figures.

Put on the cutting and border

Find the approximate location of the views.

not place your drawing in a corner but in

the front and top views.

Y%" high and drawn between two lightly made