OBJECTIVES

The objective of this experiment is:

1. To measure the conversion of ethyl acetate in saponification as a function of
design parameters in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR).
2. To determine the reaction rate constant shall.
3. To determine the order of saponification reaction
4. To determine the reaction rate constant, k by plotting the graph

THEORY

In chemical engineering, CSTR, also known as Continuous-Stirred Tank

Reactor is a type of reactor commonly used in industrial processing. This type of
reactor, also referred as vat or back mix reactor is primarily used for liquid phase
reaction, usually operated at steady state with continuous flow of reactant and
product, and assumed to be perfectly mixed. Hence, there is no time dependence or
position dependence of the temperature, the concentration or the reaction rate inside
the CSTR. Every variable is the same at every point inside the reactor. Since the
temperature and concentration are identical everywhere within the tank, therefore
they are the same at the exit point as they are in the tank. A CSTR often refers to a
model is used to estimate the key unit operation variables when using a continuous
agitated-tank reactor to reach a specified output.
The chemical reactors are vessels designed to contain chemical reactions.
The design of a chemical reactor deals with multiple aspects of chemical
engineering. Reactor design uses information, knowledge and experience from a
variety of areas such as thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, fluid mechanics, heat
transfer, mass transfer and economics. Chemical reaction engineering is the
synthesis of all these factors with the aim of properly designing a chemical reactor.
The objective of this experiment is to measure the conversion of ethyl acetate in
saponification as a function of design parameters in a continuous stirred tank reactor
(CSTR). The reaction rate constant shall also be determined.

The conservation principle requires that the mass of species A in an element

of reactor volume V obeys the following statement:
[ Rate of A into ] [ Rate of A out of ] + [ Rate of A produced ] = [ Rate of A ]
The reaction:
Isopropyl Acetate + Sodium Hydroxide Sodium Acetate + Isopropyl Alcohol
is an example of a saponification reaction (the reverse reaction would be
esterification). This reaction may be either reversible or irreversible. For the
irreversible case, the rate equation for a batch reactor may be written:
rA = -d[A]/dt = k[A][B]
where k is the rate constant and [A] and [B] are the concentrations of the reactants in
the appropriate units. If strictly equimolar concentrations of reactants are used, the
rate equation can be simplified to a general nth-order reaction. rA = kn [A]n where n
2. With good experimental data, this model allows the determination of the
reaction order for an irreversible reaction.
The reactor is the equipment in which empirical information is obtained can
bedivided into two types, the batch and flow reactors. The batch reactor is simply
container to hold the contents while they react. The flow reactor is used primarily in
the study of the kinetics of heterogeneous reactions.

RECOMMENDATION
1. This lab uses both acids and bases. Use caution when handling these
reagents,

as well as when sampling from flasks or the reactor. Appropriate

personal protective equipment should be used at all times.

2. Always make sure that the pump reservoirs are filled prior to turning on the
pumps.
3. The eyes should be meniscus to get the accurate readings in order to avoid
4. parallax error.
5. The titration process should be done slowly in order to get the first point in
which the light pink of sample is obtained.
6. The sample must be quickly added into HCl to avoid any experimental error
due to the lateness addition of HCl.
7. Glove and goggle should be wearing when dealing with the chemicals such as
hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide etc.
8. When taking the buret readings, white paper should be used in order to
reduce parallax error.