Varanasi Metro's Environmental Impact

DetailedProjectReportforRailBasedMassTransitSysteminVaranasi
FinalReportCHAPTER12:ENVIRONMENTALANDSOCIALIMPACTASSESSMENT
12.ENVIRONMENTALANDSOCIAL
IMPACTASSESSMENT
12.1
OBJECTIVEOFENVIRONMENTALIMPACTASSESSMENT(EIA)
Very often the process of development has adversely affected the environment,
leadingtoecologicalimbalances.TheobjectiveofEnvironmentalImpactAssessment
(EIA) is to ascertain the baseline environmental conditions and then assess the
impacts as a result of the proposed project during various phases of the project
cycle. The EIA study includes the impacts resulting from preconstruction,
constructionandoperationphases.
12.2
ENVIRONMENTALLEGISLATION
Theenvironmentallegislationaimedatensuringthedevelopmentprocessmeetsthe
overall objective of promoting sustainability and safeguards in the long run. The
availablelegalActsandLegislationreferredduringthestudyare:
The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 (Amendment

1988).
TheWater(PreventionandControlofPollution)CessAct,1977(Amendment
2003).
TheWater(PreventionandControlofPollution)CessRules,1978,1991.
TheAir(PreventionandControlofPollution)Act1981,amended1987.
TheAir(PreventionandControlofPollution)(UnionTerritories)Rules,1982,
1983
NoisePollution(RegulationandControl)Rules,2000amendment2002,2006.
MunicipalSolidWasteRules,2000
TheEnvironment(Protection)Act,1986,amended1991.
TheEnvironment(Protection)Rules,1986.
Forest(Conservation)Act,1980,amended1988.
Forest(Conservation)Rules,2003.
TheWildLife(Protection)Act1972,Amendment,2002
LandAcquisition,RehabilitationandResettlementAct(LARRA),2013
TheMetroRailway(Amendment)Act2009
MetroRailway(ConstructionofWorks)Act,1978
DelhiMetroRailway(OperationandMaintenance)Act,2002
February,2016
121
12.3
TheAncientMonumentsandArchaeologicalsitesandRemains(Amendment
andValidation)Act,2010
ENVIRONMENTALBASELINEDATA
Data on land environment has been collected and compiled from various sources
and during field surveys. Information about geology, hydrology, prevailing natural
hazards like earthquakes etc have been collected from literature reviews and
authenticated information made available by government departments. Water
quality, soil quality, ambient air and noise environment in the surrounding areas
were assessed primarily through field studies, and by undertaking monitoring and
analysis of samples collected from field. Meteorological data was collected from
Indian Meteorological Department (IMD). A scoping matrix was formulated to
identify the attributes likely to be affected due to the development of proposed
project and is presented in Table 12.1. The general environmental attributes
pertainingtotheproposedmetroprojectalongwithparameterstobecollectedand
itsfrequencyarepresentedinTable12.2.
TABLE12.1:SCOPINGMATRIXFORTHEPROJECT
ASPECTOFENVIRONMENT
A.LandEnvironment
LIKELYIMPACTS
Increasedsoilerosion
ConstructionPhase
Pollutionbyconstructionspoils
Solidwastefromworkercolonies,constructionsites
B.WaterResources&WaterQuality
Waterqualityimpactsduetodisposalofwastewater
fromworkercampsandconstructionsites,spoils.
ConstructionPhase
Depletionofgroundwaterresources
OperationPhase
Drainage,Waterrequirement,andDisposalofwaste
water
C.AirPollution
ConstructionPhase
Impactsduetoemissionsgeneratedbyconstruction
machinery
D.NoisePollution
ConstructionPhase
OperationPhase
E.Ecology
ConstructionPhase
F.SocioEconomics
Noiseduetooperationofvariousequipment
Noiseduetoincreasedvehicularmovement
NoisefromMetrooperation
NoiseduetoDGsets
Removalofvegetationcover/lossofbiomass
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ASPECTOFENVIRONMENT
ConstructionPhase
LIKELYIMPACTS
Improvedemploymentpotentialduringproject
constructionphase
Developmentofalliedsectorsleadingtogreater
employment
Pressureonexistinginfrastructurefacilities
IncreaseinEmploymentOpportunitiesindirectand
indirectsectors
Increasedrevenuefrombusinessdevelopment
OperationPhase
Thecollectionandcompilationofenvironmentalbaselinedataisessentialtoassess
theimpactsonenvironmentduetotheprojectactivities.Theenvironmentincludes
water,land,air,ecology,noise,vibrationandsocioeconomicissuesetc.
TABLE12.2:ENVIRONMENTALATTRIBUTESANDFREQUENCYOFMONITORING
S.NO ATTRIBUTE
LANDENVIRONMENT
1
Soil
PARAMETER
SoilCharacteristics
2
Geology
GeologicalHistory
3
Seismology
SeismicHazard
WATERENVIRONMENT
Physical,Chemicaland
4
WaterQuality
Biologicalparameters
AMBIENTENVIRONMENT
AmbientAir
PM2.5,PM10,SO2,,NO2,CO,
5
Quality
HC,O3,Pb,andNH3
Temperature,Relative
6
Meteorology humidity,Rainfall,wind
directionandspeed
7
Noise
SCIOECONOMIC
Socio
9
economic
aspects
ECOLOGY
10
Ecology
FREQUENCY
Once
OneSeason
SOURCE
Fieldstudies/literature
review
Literaturereview
Literaturereview
Fieldstudies/literature
review
24hrinone
Season
Lastfive
years/availab
le
24hrinone
Season
IndiaMeteorological
Department/literature
review
Socioeconomic
characteristics
Once
FieldStudies,
Literaturereview.
Flora&Fauna
Once
LiteratureandField
observations
NoiselevelsindB(A)
FieldStudies
Fieldstudies
12.3.1
LandEnvironment
The land environment primarily consists of physiography, soil, geology & minerals,
andlandusepattern.
February,2016
123
Physiography: Varanasi or Banaras also known as Kashi is one of theoldest

continuously inhabited cities in the world. The spiritual capital of India, it is the
holiestofthesevensacredcities(SaptaPuri)inHinduismandJainism,andplayedan
importantroleinthedevelopmentofBuddhism.ItissituatedonthebankofGanges
inUttarPradeshstateinIndiawhichis320kmawayfromsouthwestoftheLuknow
the state capital and 121 km east of Allahabad. It is located at latitude
2516 48 Nandlongitude8257 36 Ewithanelevationof80.71mabovemean
sealevel.ThetopographicalmapofVaranasiisshowninFigure12.1.
FIGURE12.1:TOPOGRAPHICALMAPOFVARANASI
Soil:Soilsofthedistrictaresandyloamto sandyclayloamintexturewithorganic
carbon content varying from 0.60% to 0.52%. The pH of all the Pedons varied
between7.2to9.7,ElectricalConductivity0.10mS/mto4.61mS/mandCaCO30.1%
to2.5%.Basedonthecharacteristics,theuplandsoilsareclassifiedashyperthermic
familyofsubgroupDystricEutrudepts,AerieHalaqueptsandTypicEutrudepts.The
soilmapofVaranasidistrictisshowninFigure12.2.Toknowtheactualconditionof
soil, six soil samples were collected along both the corridors, location details are
provided in Table 12.3 and sampling location map is shown in Figure 12.3. The
laboratory analysis results so obtained are reported in Table 12.4. The soils are
slightly alkaline in nature. The soils are mainly sandy loam, slightly clay loam in
texture.Organicmattercontentinsoilsvariesfrom0.81%to1.62%.
February,2016
124
FIGURE12.2:SOILMAPOFVARANASIDISTRICT
Source:NBSS&LUP,RegionalCentreDelhi
TABLE12.3:SAMPLINGLOCATIONSFORSOIL
S.No
Location
Corridor1
1. BHEL
2. KachehariBusDepot
3. BHU
Corridor2
4. BeniaBagh
5. KashiBusDepot
6. Havelia
Corridor1:BHUtoBHEL,Corridor2:BeniaBaghtoSarnath
February,2016
125
GeologyandMinerals:MostofthestateofUttarPradeshliesintheGangeticPlain.
Geologically Varanasi is situated in the fertile alluvial Gangetic plains and is under
laid with sediments deposited in successive stages. Layers of clay, fine sand, clay
mixed with kankar and stone bazari is met with during drilling operations. The
geologicalmapofUttarPradeshisshowninFigure12.4.
FIGURE12.3:MONITORINGLOCATIONMAPFORAIR,NOISE,WATERANDSOIL
LocationsSoil&Water:1)BHEL2)KachehariBusStop3)BHU4)BeniaBagh 5)KahiBusDepot
6)Havelia
Air&Noise:1)BHEL2)GilatBazar3)VaranasiRailwayStation4)BHU5)Godowlia/Benia
Bagh(RajendraSmarakPark)6)KashiBusStopDepot7)Panchkoshi8)Havelia
February,2016
126
FIGURE12.4:GEOLOGICALMAPOFUTTARPRADESH
Source:GeologicalSurveyofIndia
TABLE12.4:RESULTSOFLABORATORYANALYSISOFSOILSAMPLE
S.No.
Parameter
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
pH(at25 C)
Chloride
AvailablePhosphorus
TotalZincasZn
ManganeseasMn
TotalLeadasPb
TotalCopperasCu
OrganicCarbon
WatersolubleSulphate
Boron
Iron
Nickel
Bicarbonate(HCO3)
CalciumasCa
MagnesiumasMg
Sand
Unit
Mg/kg
Kg/hec
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
%
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
%
Corridor 1
Corridor 2
8.02
2144.10
24.10
38.4
577.18
18.32
35.26
0.73
10.47
0.14
1820.0
76.10
6.10
1764.10
496.10
48.10
7.78
1845.12
22.10
36.28
528.10
16.14
34.10
0.60
8.62
0.11
1723.10
71.46
5.88
1688.54
456.21
46.70
7.58
526.84
16.45
28.10
416.18
15.08
29.36
0.47
6.78
0.07
1282.41
58.28
5.66
618.54
247.65
44.20
7.66
641.62
18.10
32.34
478.23
16.45
31.42
0.55
7.92
0.08
1345.10
64.10
4.31
981.16
347.10
52.10
7.68
938.01
19.67
34.23
564.31
17.44
33.10
0.68
9.45
0.12
1523.46
69.10
6.76
1144.68
362.10
45.30
7.53
784.21
17.88
31.55
434.10
15.92
28.36
0.55
8.44
0.10
1425.14
66.32
6.54
743.01
288.45
49.40
February,2016
127
S.No.
Parameter
Unit
Corridor 1
Corridor 2
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
Silt
Clay
SodiumasNa
PotassiumasK
Nitrogen
Sulphur
Phosphate
OrganicMatter
Orthophosphate
Carbonate
Arsenic
%
%
mg/kg
kg/hec
Kg/hec
mg/kg
mg/kg
%
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
32.80
20.10
147.10
274.21
324.28
38.40
12.41
1.26
60.25
5.2
BDL
34.30
20.00
166.10
261.10
288.21
36.10
11.64
1.03
55.25
4.92
BDL
31.60
24.20
110.21
264.18
218.24
28.42
11.44
0.81
41.12
5.10
BDL
32.70
15.20
78.23
210.41
254.10
32.46
10.84
0.94
45.25
4.10
BDL
34.20
20.50
145.10
282.10
296.12
31.45
13.10
1.17
49.17
4.76
BDL
30.50
20.10
124.67
266.21
253.17
29.44
12.00
1.62
44.70
4.59
BDL
28
Mercury
mg/kg
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
29
30
CadmiumasCd
mg/kg
31.10
28.10
24.27
22.41
Molybdenum
mg/kg
0.23
0.16
0.18
0.12
1.BHEL2.KachehariBusStop3.BHU4.BeniaBagh 5.KahiBusDepot6.Havelia
27.41
0.21
25.10
0.17
Landuse: Varanasi Development Authority (VDA) has prepared a Master Plan 2011
for the future development of the city, which states that total area of city will
increasefrom14494hato17927ha.Thisincreaseintotalareaisverynominalwith
23.68% compared to previous master plan. Table 12.5 shows the detailed land
utilizationproposedforyear2011.
TABLE12.5:EXISTINGLANDUSEPATTERN
LandUse
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
PublicandSemipublic
Recreational
Services
GovtandSemiGovt
TourismandHeritage
TransportandCommunication
Agriculture
Total
AreainHa Percentage(%)
9254.61
51.61
618.23
3.45
656.19
3.66
1309.07
7.30
984.47
5.49
103.97
0.58
1433.15
7.99
423.73
2.37
1460.35
8.15
1683.45
9.39
17927.22
100%
Source:MasterPlan2011,Varanasi
Seismicity: In the seismic zoning map of India prepared by Bureau of Indian
Standards(BIS)theareaofVaranasianditsneighbourhoodliesinZoneIIIasshown
in Figure 12.5. According to Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program (GSHAP)
February,2016
128
data,theVaranasicityofUttarPradeshfallsinaregionofmoderatehazard.Varanasi
fallsinmoderatetoleastactiveseismiczoneandcorrespondstoMSKintensityVII,
making it prone to Earthquakes. Although no major earthquake has occurred in
Varanasi in recent years. One of the most powerful earthquakes in Uttar Pradesh
struckthedistrictsofwesternUttarPradeshat21:01ISTonOctober10th,1956.The
massive shock was centrednear Jehangirpur,in Bulandshahr District.No fatalities
were reported. The shock was also strongly felt at Delhi, where there was some
minordamage.
FIGURE12.5:SEISMICZONINGMAPOFUTTARPRADESH
12.3.2
WaterEnvironment
Waterenvironmentconsistsofwaterresourcesanditsquality.Itsstudyisimportant
fromthepointofviewtoassessthesufficiencyofwaterresourcesfortheneedsofin
its various stages of the project cycle and also to assess the impact of the project
activitiesonwaterenvironment.
Hydrogeological Characteristics: The city, a part of Central Ganga Alluvial Plain, is

underlain by the Quaternary Alluvium comprising fine to coarse grained sand, clay
andclaywithKankar.ThealluviumbelongstotheQuaternaryGroupofPleistocene
Systemoftherecentgeologicalage.Tobeprecise,theOlderAlluviumisMiddleto
UpperPleistoceneandtheNewerAlluviumisrecent.Thegroundwatertableinthe
February,2016
129
cityhasgonedownto4.6mbelowthelevelitusedtobeearlier.Thegroundwater
levelwasatageneraldepthof12mto18mintheyear2005;whereasintheyear
2006 it was between 17m and 21m deep. From the grain size analysis and
hydrologicalstudyin2008byBanarasHinduUniversity(BHU)ithasbeenconcluded
that water bearing zones are mainly found in three horizons at the depths 44m
56m;56m87m;and87m165m.
WaterResources:Thesourceofwatersupplyinthecityismainlysurfacewaterflow
ofGangariverandundergroundsources.Thewaterdemandof276MLDforthecity
ismetbythesurfacewateraswellasundergroundsources.Currently,205MLDof
underground water is being tapped through 226 tube wells and 125 MLD through
surface water. A total of 330 MLD water is tapped, which is 275 LPCD. There is a
waterstorageprovisionof80MLDinVaranasi.Thewaterisstoredin23OverHead
Tank(OHT)andUndergroundReservoirs(UGRs).Thereservoirsarespreadacrossthe
city. The present storage available is 79.8 MLD, which is only 58% of the daily
demand of 276 MLD in two fillings. The present storage capacity is insufficient to
takecareofthepresentaswellasthefuturedemandofthecity.
Drainage:Varanasihasapoorstormwaterdrainagesystem.Stormwaterisdrained
off through a very old and incomplete underground and kachcha open drainage
system.Theundergrounddrainagenetworkisonly117kmlong.Mostofthedrains
have been connected to branch sewers, which leads to the mixing of sewage with
stormwater.ThisincreasestheloadonthesewagepumpsandtheSTPs,especially
duringthemonsoons.Apartfromthis,somestormwaterdrainsalsoemptydirectly
intoriverGangaandriverVaruna.TheAssinallahactsasamajoroutletforthecitys
stormandwastewater.
Water Quality: Water quality includes the physical, chemical and biological
characteristics of water. An understanding of the various factors influencing water
qualityisthusveryimportantashumanhealthislargelydependentonthequalityof
wateravailableforuse.
In order to assess the baseline water quality status of the study area, 6 samples
along both the corridors were collected in the project area. The sample locations
fromwhichwatersampleswerecollectedareshowninFigure12.3anddescription
of water sample locations are given in Table 12.6. The samples were analyzed for
physical and chemical constituents for the purpose of domestic and irrigation use.
TheresultsofwateranalysisarecomparedwithCPHEEOmanualforDrinkingWater
SpecificationsandIS105002012.TheresultsofanalysisarepresentedinTable12.7.
February,2016
1210
TABLE12.6:WATERQUALITYMONITORINGLOCATIONS
S.No
Location
Corridor1
1. BHEL
2. KachehariBusDepot
3. BHU
Corridor2
4. BeniaBagh
5. KashiBusDepot
6. Havelia
Corridor1:BHUtoBHEL,Corridor2:BeniaBaghtoSarnath
The results of analysis of water samples indicates that most of the parameters are
within the permissible limit except Turbidity at location 5, Sulphate at location 6,
CODat1,3,4,5&6,BODatlocation1,3,4,5&6andColiform1,3,4,5&6.Water
from these sources should be treated before using it for drinking purposes.
Bacteriologicalcontaminationmaybeduetoexistingsewer/drainsflowingadjacent
tothesource.
12.3.3
MeteorologyandAirEnvironment
Meteorologyisanimportantparameterinenvironmentalimpactassessmentstudy.
Itisresponsibleforthemovementofairandairpollutants.Meteorologicaldatalike
meanrainfallandmaximum&minimumtemperatureofthedistrictforaperiodof
50yearsfrom1941to1990andofotherparametersrelativehumidity,windspeed
andcloudforaperiodof30yearsfrom1971to2000aregiveninTable12.8.
February,2016
1211
TABLE12.7:PHYSICOCHEMICALSANALYSISOFWATERSAMPLESINPROJECTAREA
S.No
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
Parameter
pHat25OC
Turbidity
TotalDissolvedSolids
AluminiumasAl
FreeAmonia(asNH3)
Barium(asBa)
Boran(asB)
CalciumasCa
ChlorideasCl
CopperasCu
FluorideasF
FreeResidualChlorine
IronasFe
Magnesium(asMg)
ManganeseasMn
NitrateasNO3
PhenolicCompounds
Seleniem(asSe)
Silver(asAg)
SulphateasSO4
Sulphide(asS)
TotalAlkalinityasCaCO3
TotalHardnessasCaCO3
ZincasZn
Cadmium(asCd)
Cynide(asCN)
SamplingLocationalong
Corridor1(BHUtoBHEL)
Unit
NTU
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
SamplingLocationalongCorridor2 Acceptable
(BeniaBaghtoSarnath)
Limit/PermissibleLimit
1
7.12
3.4
430
BDL
<1
0.082
BDL
90.2
22.3
BDL
>1
2
7.26
2.5
584
BDL
<1
0.087
0.025
112.2
64.5
BDL
>1
3
7.22
1.7
842
BDL
<1
0.054
0.03
184.4
94.3
BDL
<1
4
7.25
<1
646
BDL
0.1
0.05
0.061
108.2
104.2
BDL
<1
5
7.25
153.2
798
BDL
<1
0.07
0.04
68.1
74.4
BDL
<1
6
7.35
0.8
558
BDL
<1
0.092
BDL
108.2
29.8
BDL
<1
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
BDL
40.2
BDL
3.6
BDL
BDL
BDL
3.10
BDL
462.3
390
BDL
BDL
BDL
0.15
26.8
0.005
3.6
BDL
BDL
BDL
25.7
BDL
457.3
390
0.045
BDL
BDL
BDL
26.8
0.005
2.1
BDL
BDL
BDL
25.7
BDL
608
570
0.032
BDL
BDL
BDL
24.4
0.006
8.1
BDL
0.005
BDL
30.1
BDL
422.1
370
BDL
BDL
BDL
0.15
48.7
0.184
1.5
BDL
BDL
BDL
40.1
BDL
402
370
BDL
BDL
BDL
0.11
34.1
0.005
4
BDL
0.002
BDL
8.3
582.9
410
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
6.58.5/norelaxation
1/5max
500/2000max
0.03/0.02max
0.7max/norelaxation
0.5/1
75/200
250/1000
0.05/1.5
1.0/1.5
0.3/norelaxation
30/100
0.1/0.3
45/norelaxation
0.001/0.002
0.01/norelaxation
0.01/norelaxation
200/400
0.05/norelaxation
200/600
200/600
5/15
0.003/norelaxation
0.05/norelaxation
February,2016
1212
S.No
Parameter
Corridor1(BHUtoBHEL)
Unit
1
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
LeadasPb
Mercury(asHg)
Nickel
ArsenicasAs
TotalChromium(asCr)
TotalSuspendedSolids
Vanadium(asV)
AmonicalNitrogen(asN)
TotalKjeldahlNitrogen(as
N)
Chromium(asHexavalent
Cromium)
OilandGrease
DissolvedOxygen
ChemicalOxygenDemand
BiochemicalOxygen
Demand(3day27degC)
TotalPhosphateasP
DissolvedPhosphate(asP)
SodiumasNa
PotassiumasK
NitrateNitrogen
TotalNitrogen
OrganicPhosphorus
ColiformCount
FecalColiform
TotalColiformOrganism
SamplingLocationalongCorridor2 Acceptable
(BeniaBaghtoSarnath)
Limit/PermissibleLimit
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
9
BDL
<0.1
4.8
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
6
BDL
<0.1
4
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
6
BDL
<0.1
2.5
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
4
BDL
0.1
8.8
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
62
BDL
<0.1
1.9
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
7
BDL
<0.1
4.4
0.050.01/norelaxation
0.001/norelaxation
0.02/norelaxation
0.01/0.05
0.05max/norelaxation
0.5/Norelaxation
mg/l
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
1
5.6
24
8
<1
6.4
NIL
NIL
<1
5.8
16
6
<1
5.9
7
2
1
5.7
20
8
<1
6
12
5
BDL
BDL
BDL
3
0.8
4.8
BDL
6
Absent
Present
BDL
BDL
38
2.7
0.8
4
BDL
Absent
Absent
Absent
BDL
BDL
30
BDL
0.5
2.5
BDL
Absent
Absent
Absent
2.4
2.4
55
33
1.83
8.8
BDL
4
Absent
Present
BDL
BDL
29
2.9
0.34
1.9
BDL
7
Absent
Present
BDL
BDL
BDL
3.1
0.9
4.4
BDL
4
Absent
Present
0.002max
Absent
Absent
Absent
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
1.
BHEL(GW)2.KachehariBusStop(GW)3.BHU(GW)4.BeniaBagh(GW)5.KashiBusStop(SW:LadhuTalab)6.Havelia(GW)
(GWGroundWater,SW:SurfaceWater)(AcceptableLimit/PermissibleLimitsasperIS105002012)
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
MPN/100ml
MPN/100ml
MPN/100ml
February,2016
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CHAPTER12:ENVIRONMENTALANDSOCIALIMPACTASSESSMENT
TABLE12.8:METEOROLOGICALDATA
Month
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Total Temperature(DegCent)
Average
Average
Clouds
Rainfall
Relative
WindSpeed
(octas)
Max
Min
(mm)
Humidity(%)
(kmph)
17.8
24.9
8
69.21
3.69
2.19
13.8
28.8
9.8
58.92
4.93
2.06
9
36.5
13.3
41.87
6.73
1.78
5.2
40.5
19.6
31.50
8.51
1.55
10.5
41.3
24.2
39.68
9.40
1.65
81.9
41.5
26.9
61.46
9.02
4.32
291.4
35.6
25.7
77.85
7.45
6.29
263.6
33.5
25.4
80.76
6.85
6.11
204.9
33.4
23.6
79.37
6.24
4.98
33.4
33.8
18.1
68.74
3.70
2.21
9.6
31.9
11.3
64.02
2.29
1.23
4
26.7
8.7
68.7
2.91
1.56
Source:IndianMeteorologicalDepartment,Pune
Itisdepictedfromthetablethattemperatureofthedistrictvariesfrom24.9 OC
41.5OC in summer to a minimum of around 8 OC 26.9 OC in winter and Relative
humidity varies from 39% 80%. Average wind speed varies 2.29 kmph 9.45
kmph.
The rainfall data of Varanasi for the year 20042010 is given in Table 12.9 which
depictsthehighestrainfalli.e.474.2mminthemonthofJuly2008.Julymonthis
generally having highest rainfall in the area. Average annual rainfall in Varanasi is
945mm.
TABLE12.9:RAINFALL(MM)INSTUDYAREA
Year/Month JAN FEB
2004
24.8
1.7
2005
16.2
37.6
2006
0
0
2007
0
55.1
2008
10.3
11.2
2009
0.6
0
2010
1.8
17.2
MARCH APRIL MAY

0
5.3
21.6
34.6
0
8.6
14.9
22.9
20.4
40.3
2
24
0.1
0.3
22.1
0
0.9
14.9
0
0
36.4
JUNE
JULY
155.7
115
29.4
279.9
40
379.4
139
215.8
292
474.2
4.9
188.2
19.9
199.5
AUG
SEP
OCT NOV
196
40.1
2.1
0
334.3
118.1
15
0
205.9
69.7 15.1 1.7
89.8
170
29.3 0
349.2
48.8
2.1 NA
88.2
111.4 9.3 12.9
237.4
153.7 31.5 7.8
DEC
0
3.7
0
0.3
0
2.3
0
Source:IndianMeteorologicalCentre,Delhi
Thewindrosediagramhasbeenpreparedbasedonthedailydatafortheperiodof
03/2013to11/2015from7AMto7PMlocaltime.TheprominentdirectionisEast,
andWestNorthWest.WindrosediagramfortheVaranasiisshowninFigure12.6.
AirQuality:Eightmonitoringstationsselectedatstrategiclocationsalongboththe
corridors.ThemonitoringresultforambientairqualityispresentedinTable12.10.
Themonitoringstationswereselectedtogeneratetherepresentativesamplesfor
airqualitycoveringresidential,institutionalandindustrialareaalongthecorridors.
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LocationsmapforairmonitoringstationsareshowninFigure12.3.Themonitoring
wasdonefrom25.09.2015to30.09.2015.
FIGURE12.6:WINDROSEDIAGRAM
The National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQ) laid down by Ministry of
Environment,Forest&ClimateChange(MoEFCC)on16thNovember2009hasbeen
given in Table 12.11. The result of air quality monitoring compared with National
Ambient Air Quality Standard and found that Particulate Matter (PM10 & PM2.5) is
exceeding the permissible limit at all monitoring locations. Whereas other
parameterslikeSO2,NO2,O3,Pb,NH3,COandHCarewithinpermissiblelimit.
TABLE12.10:AIRQUALITYRESULT
S.
No
.
Parameters
Unit
ConcentrationofPollution
SamplingLocationalongCorridor
Corridor1
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Particulatematter(PM10)
ParticulateMatter(PM2.5)
SulphurDioxide(SO2)
NitrogenDioxide(NO2)
CarbonMonoxide(CO)*
Lead(Pb)
Ozone(O3)*
Ammonia(NH3)
g/m3 142.8
g/m3 80.7
g/m3 11.2
g/m3 24.6
mg/m3 <1.15
g/m3 <0.1
g/m3 <10
g/m3
<20
Hydrocarbon(HC)
g/m3
<1
152.9
86.4
12.6
28.1
<1.15
<0.1
<10
165.2
96.7
19.2
34.5
<1.15
<0.1
<10
128.4
69.5
15.7
25.3
<1.15
<0.1
<10
138.6
75.8
13.4
22.9
<1.15
<0.1
<10
148.7
84.3
12.5
29.7
<1.15
<0.1
<10
159.6
92.4
17.3
30.7
<1.15
<0.1
<10
130.8
72.4
10.9
21.8
<1.15
<0.1
<10
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<20
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
BDLBelowDetectionLimit;BDLforPb<0.2g/m3,Hydrocarbon<5mg/m3*Totalmonitoringperiod8
Hrs
February,2016
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1)BHEL2)GilatBazar3)VaranasiRailwayStation4)BHU5)Godowlia/BeniaBagh(RajendraSmarakPark)6)
KashiBusStopDepot7)Panchkoshi8)Havelia
TABLE12.11:NATIONALAMBIENTAIRQUALITYSTANDARDS
Pollutant
Time
SulphurDioxide(SO2)in
g/m3
OxidesofNitrogen(NOx)in
g/m3
ParticulateMattersizeless
than10m(PM10)ing/m3
ParticularMattersizeless
than2.5m(PM2.5)ing/m3
CarbonMonoxide(CO)in
mg/m3
Annual
24Hours
Annual
24Hours
Annual
24Hours
Annual
24Hours
8Hours
1Hour
8Hours
1Hour
Annual
24Hours
Annual
24Hours
Ozone(O3)ing/m3
Lead(Pb)g/m3
Ammonia(NH3)g/m3
Concentration
Industrial,Residential,
EcologicalSensitivearea
Rural&otherArea
50
80
80
80
40
30
80
80
60
60
100
100
40
40
60
60
02
02
04
04
100
100
180
180
0.50
0.50
1.0
1.0
100
100
400
400
Source:CentralPollutionControlBoard(CPCB)
12.3.4
NoiseEnvironment
The hourly noise monitoring was carried out for 24 hours on 25.09.2015 to
30.09.2015 at eight locations along the proposed metro corridors. The result was
analysed to evaluate Leq, L10, L50, L90, Lday, Lnight, LDN, LMAX and LMIN which are
depictedinTable12.12.TheAmbientNoiseQualitycriterialaiddownbyCPCBhas
been given in Table 12.13. The noise level monitoring results are exceeding the
permissiblelimitspecifiedforresidentialarea.
TABLE12.12:AMBIENTNOISELEVELMONITORINGRESULTindB(A)
Monitoring
Location
Corridor1
1
2
3
4
Corridor2
Leq
(24Hrs)
Lday
Lnight
LDN
Lmax
(24Hrs)
Lmin
(24Hrs)
L90
L50
L10
70.4
72.3
70.9
68.3
73
74.3
73
71.8
65.3
68.4
66.7
61.5
69.2
71.4
69.9
66.7
96.3
95.2
90.5
85.9
43.4
47.4
43.3
46.7
61.4
66.1
61.9
63
67.4
71.2
68.8
67
73.4
75.1
73.8
71.2
February,2016
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5
6
7
8
73.2
72.6
71.4
69.2
74.8
74.7
73.3
72.9
70
68.3
67.5
61.9
72.4
71.5
70.4
67.4
96.3
96.3
96.2
91.2
48.5
45.8
42.4
41.2
67.3
62.5
62.5
63.1
72
70.3
69
67.8
75.9
75.3
74
71.9
1)BHEL2)GilatBazar3)VaranasiRailwayStation4)BHU5)Godhowlia/BeniaBagh(RajendraSmarakPark)
6)KashiBusStopDepot7)Panchkoshi8)Havelia
TABLE12.13:AMBIENTNOISESTANDARDSCRITERIA
AreaCode
A
B
C
D
CategoryofArea
Industrialarea
Commercialarea
Residentialarea
SilenceZone**
LimitsindB(A)Leq
Daytime*
Nighttime
75
70
65
55
55
45
50
40
Source:CPCBguideline(asperTheNoisePollution(RegulationAndControl)Rules,2000)
*Daytimeisfrom6.00AMto9.00PM,**SilenceZoneisdefinedasanareaupto100maround
premisesofHospitals,EducationalInstitutionsandCourts.
12.3.5
Ecology
An ecological study is essential to understand the impact due to project
development activities on flora and fauna of the area. The predominant tree
speciesalongthecorridorsareBargad,Cassia,Champa,Gulmohar,Karanj,Neelgiri,
Neem, Pakad, Peepal, Sagwan, Jamun, Mango, Amlatash, Jangli Jalebi, Boottle
Brush, Ashoka, and Guava etc. The predominant shrub species observed in the
study area is Kaner, Lantana Camara. About 352 trees will be lost in site
construction activities. The inventory of trees in the two corridors and one depot
likelytobelosthasbeenpreparedandsummarizedintheTable12.14.Estimated
costofcompensatoryafforestationisincludedintheEnvironmentalManagement
Plan(EMP).
TABLE12.14:SUMMARYOFTREEINVENTORY
S.No
Description
CorridorI(BHELBHU)
1
Alignment
2
GaneshpurDepot
NumberofTrees
SubTotal
218
86
304
SubTotal
Total
48
48
352
CorridorII(BeniaBaghSarnath)
3
Alignment
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Common birds observed in the project area are pigeons, parrot and crows. The
predominant mammals observed in the project area are mongoose, bat, languor
andmiceetc.
12.3.6
Archaeologicalsites
Thereareabout18archaeologicalmonumentsprotectedbyArchaeologicalSurvey
ofIndia(ASI)inSarnathSubCircleofVaranasiTaluk.Thesemonumentsareasper
ArchaeologicalSurveyofIndia(ASI)undertheprovisionofAncientMonumentand
Archaeological Sites and Remains (Amendments and Validation) Act, 2010
(AMASR). The Act specifies the prohibited area of 100 m from site whereas
regulated area is 200 m from the limit of prohibited area. No construction is
allowed in prohibited area while construction can be taken up in regulated area
aftergettingtheapprovalfromtheASI.Thereisonemonumenti.e.Observatoryof
ManSinghatadistanceof75mfromproposedChitranjanParkmetrostationalong
Corridor1. There are two monuments i.e. Chaukhandi Stupa and Dhamekh Stupa
are195mand300mrespectivelyfromtheCorridor2.
12.3.7
Depot
OnedepothasbeenproposedatGaneshpurhavingabout15.6hectarewhichisin
frontofBHELcampusonNH56asshowninFigure12.7.
FIGURE12.7:PROPOSEDGANESHPURDEPOTFORCORRIDOR1
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12.4
POSITIVEENVIRONMENTALIMPACT
Based on project particulars and existing environmental conditions, positive

potentialimpactshavebeenidentifiedthatarelikelytoresultfromtheproposed
metro project and where feasible within the scope of this report these are
quantified.Thepositiveenvironmentalimpactsarelistedbelow:
EmploymentOpportunities,
BenefitstoEconomy,
TrafficCongestionReduction,QuickServiceandSafety,
TrafficNoiseReduction,
ReductionofTrafficonRoad,
LessFuelconsumption,
Reducedairpollution.
12.4.1
EmploymentOpportunities
Thecivilworksoftheprojectislikelytobecompletedinaperiodof5years.During
this period manpower will be needed for various project activities. In post
construction phase, about 1225 people will be employed for operation and
maintenance of the system. Thus, the project would provide substantial direct
employmentequaltotheabovenumber.Inadditiontothese,morepeoplewould
beindirectlyemployedforalliedactivities.
12.4.2
BenefitstoEconomy
Inthepresentcontext,theprojectwillstreamlineandfacilitatemovementofpublic
from different parts of Varanasi. These corridors will yield tangible and non
tangible saving due to equivalent reduction in road traffic and certain socio
economicbenefits.Introductionofthismetrowillresultinthereductioninnumber
of busses, usage of private vehicles. This in turn will result in significant social
benefits due to reduction in fuel consumption, vehicle operating cost and travel
timeofpassengers.WiththedevelopmentofthetwocorridorsofVaranasiMetro,
itislikelythatmorepeoplewillbeinvolvedintrade,commerceandalliedservices.
12.4.3
TrafficCongestionReduction,QuickServiceandSafety
With the implementation two corridors of Varanasi Metro, travel time of

passengerstravellingbyothermodeswillgetreduced.Theproposeddevelopment
willreducejourneytimeandhencecongestionanddelay.Also,implementationof
themetrowillprovideimprovedsafetyandlowernumberofaccidents,injuriesand
accidentaldeathsandincreasesafetyofperson.
February,2016
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12.4.4
TrafficNoiseReduction
Reductionintrafficvolumeaffectsthenoiselevels.A50%reductionofthetraffic
volumemayresultsina3dBreductioninnoiselevels,regardlessoftheabsolute
numberofvehicles.Reductionintrafficvolumeof10%&50%reducesnoiseatthe
tune of 0.5 dB & 3.0 dB respectively. An introduction of Varanasi Metro Rail
substantiallyreducesthevehiculartrafficwhichultimatelyreducesnoiselevel.
12.4.5
ReductionofTrafficonRoad
The basis of reduction of vehicle is shift of ridership from road vehicle to the
proposed system. The reduction in number of vehicles gives benefits to economy
by reduction in Vehicle Operating Cost (VOC), Fuel Consumption, Pollution Load,
AccidentsandTravelTimeetc.Onimplementationoftheproject,theconsumption
ofpetrol,dieselandCNGwillgetreduced.Theestimatednumbersofvehiclestrips
thatwillbereducedduetoconstructiontwocorridorsofVaranasiMetroaregiven
inTable12.15.
TABLE12.15:REDUCTIONINDAILYVEHICLEKILOMETER
SNo
Mode
1
2
Car
2Wheelers
3
4
AutoRickshaw
Bus
DailyVehicleKmReducedduetoMRTSinHorizonyears
2021
2031
2041
53750
74760
99809
288784
10408
1676892
380510
15072
2207256
484465
22510
3031760
12.4.6
LessFuelConsumption
Based on number of vehicle trips reduction, reduction in fuel (diesel and petrol)
consumptionisreportedinTable12.16.Itisestimatedthatabout2.79Lakhlitres
of diesel and 0.138 Lakh litres of petrol will be saved daily in year 2021. These
reductions will increase to 5.05 Lakh litres of diesel and 0.24 Lakh litres of petrol
dailyinyear2041.ThesavingofDieselandPetrolwilldirectlybenefitthecountryin
monetary terms. Net saving on fuel expenditure at current price level is given in
Table12.17.
TABLE12.16:DAILYREDUCTIONINFUELCONSUMPTION(LITER)
Mode/Year
Bus(Diesel)
Car(Petrol)
23Wheeler(Petrol)
2021
2031
2041
279482
3839
9973
367876
5340
13186
505293
7129
16899
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TABLE12.17:DAILYNETSAVINGONFUELEXPENDITURE(RSLAKH)
Mode/Year
Bus(Diesel)
Car(Petrol)
23Wheeler(Petrol)
Total
2021
2031
2041
145.39
2.61
6.78
154.78
191.37
3.63
8.97
203.97
262.85
4.85
11.49
279.19
TheestimatedsavingswillbeofRs154.78Lakhinyear2021,Rs203.97Lakhinyear
2031andRs279.19Lakhinyear2041.
12.4.7
ReducedAirPollution
Compared to other modes of transport, the metro is least polluting and can be
classifiedasanenvironmentfriendlytechnologysincenoairemissionsareinvolved
in running and operating the metro trains. The major vehicular pollutants that
define the ambient air quality are: Particulate matter, Nitrogen oxides, Carbon
monoxide,HydroCarbonsandCarbondioxide.Inadditiontotheabovepollution,
unburnt products like aldehydes, formaldehydes, acrolein, acetaldehyde and
smokearebyproductsofvehicularemissions.Thereductionofairpollutantswith
thepresentcorridorsarepresentedinTable12.18.
TABLE12.18:POLLUTIONREDUCTIONS(TON/YEAR)
Pollutant
CarbonMonoxide(CO)
ParticulateMatter(PM)
HydroCarbons+NitrogenOxide(HC+NOx)
HorizonYear
2021
2031
2041
558.29
738.88
999.19
61.21
80.56
110.66
280.88
373.67
481.37
12.5
NEGATIVEENVIRONMENTALIMPACTS
Based on project particulars and existing environmental conditions potential
negative impacts likely to result from the proposed development are quantified.
Negativeimpactsarelistedunderthefollowingheadings:
ImpactsduetoProjectLocation;
ImpactsduetoProjectDesign;
ImpactsduetoConstruction;and
ImpactsduetoProjectOperation.
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12.5.1
ImpactsduetoProjectLocation
Duringthisphase,thoseimpacts,whicharelikelytotakeplaceduetothelayoutof
theproject,havebeenassessed.Theseimpactsare:
ProjectAffectedPeople(PAPs)
ChangeofLanduse;
Lossoftrees/forest;
Utility/DrainageProblems
ImpactonHistoricalandCulturalMonuments,and
ImpactonLocalTransportFacilities
12.5.1.1
ProjectAffectedPeople(PAPs)
Peoplewhohavetheirpropertiesalongthealignmentwillbeaffectedduetothe
acquisition of land for proposed Varanasi Metro corridors the details are given
underheadofSocialImpactAssessment(SIA).
12.5.1.2
ChangeofLanduse
Landwillberequiredpermanentlyforstations,Depot,Rampandrunningsection.
Both government and private land will be acquired for the project the detail of
whichisgiveninthesectiononCivilEngineering.
12.5.1.3
Lossoftrees
Theproposedcorridorsareinurban/cityareaandwillnotpassthroughanyforests.
There are approximately 352 trees along the two corridors and one depot site.
Thesetreesarelikelytobeaffectedduringconstruction.Treesaremajorassetsin
purificationsofurbanair,whichbyutilizingCO2fromatmosphere,releaseoxygen
intotheair.However,withremovalofthesetrees,theprocessforCO2conversion
willgeteffectedandthelossesarereportedbelow:
i)
ii)
iii)
12.5.1.4
TotalnumberofTrees
: 352
DecreaseinCO2absorptionduetolossoftrees: 7,673kg/year
DecreaseinOxygenproductionduetotreeloss: 17,248kg/year
Utility/DrainageProblems
Theproposedmetrocorridorsareplannedtorunthroughtheurbanareaabovethe
groundi.e. elevatedinlessdenselypopulatedandundergroundinpopulatedand
sensitive areas. The alignment will cross drains, large number of subsurface,
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surfaceandutilityservices,viz.sewer,watermains,stormwaterdrains,telephone
cables, overhead electrical transmission lines, electric pipes, traffic signals etc.
These utilities/ services are essential and have to bemaintained in working order
during different stages of construction by temporary/permanent diversions or by
supportinginposition.Plansandcostofsuchdiversionsarecoveredinthesection
onCivilEngineering.
12.5.1.5
ImpactonHistoricalandCulturalMonuments
The proposed metro system will affect residential and commercial structures at
someoftheportionofalignmentandmetrostationswhereconstructionbemade
bycutandcovermethod.NoArcheologicalMonumentsaredirectlyaffected.Some
of the Archeological Monuments are close to the proposed metro alignment but
does not come into the prohibited area. Utmost care needs be taken so that no
significantimpactisanticipatedonthehistoricalstructuresduetoprojectactivities
duringconstructionandoperation.
12.5.1.6
ImpactonLocalTransportFacilities
The metro system has been proposed to cater the additional demand of present
and future traffic requirement. Hence, no loss of job to the existing transport
facilitiesisanticipated.Thedriversoflocaltransportfacilitieslikebuses,taxis,autos
and rickshaws may be utilized to cater the requirement of transport from metro
stations to work place and viceversa. Additional employment opportunities are
alsoanticipatedduetotheproposedmetro.
12.5.2
ImpactsduetoProjectDesign
Impactsduetoprojectdesignareseeninfollowingways;
Rightofway
AlignmentandArchitecturaldesign,
Intermodelintegrationwillleadtoincreaseuseofmetro,
Congestionatinsideandoutsidethestations,
UsesofEnergyandwateratstations
12.5.3
ImpactDuetoProjectConstruction
Although environmental hazards related to construction works are mostly of

temporary nature, it does not mean that these should not be considered.
Appropriatemeasuresshouldbeincludedintheworkplanandbudgetedfor.The
mostlikelynegativeimpactsrelatedtotheconstructionworksare:
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FinalReport
12.5.3.1
Soilerosionandpollution,
Trafficdiversionandriskofexistingbuilding,
Muckdisposal,
DustGenerationandAirPollution,
Increasedwaterdemand,
Impactduetolabourcamp,
ImpactduetoSupplyofConstructionMaterial,
ImpactduetoconstructionnearArchaeologicalMonuments,
ImpactonGroundwaterandSurfacewater,
NoisePollution
SoilErosionandPollution
Thoughtheprojectmaynothavesignificantimpactonsoilerosion,however,minor
impactonsoilerosionduetorunofffromunprotectedexcavatedareasmayresult
insoilerosion,especiallywhenerodibilityofsoilishigh.Problemscouldarisefrom
dumpingofconstructionsoils(concrete,bricks),wastematerials(fromcontractors
camp) etc. causing surface and ground water pollution. About 10% 15% of the
constructionmaterialsuchaswastematerialfromcontractorcampsisleftbehind
bythecontractorasconstructionwaste/spoils.Mitigationmeasuresincludecareful
planning,timingofcutandfilloperationsandrevegetation.Costoferosioncontrol
andspoildisposalformspartofengineeringcost.
12.5.3.2
TrafficDiversionsandRisktoExistingBuildings
During construction period, complete/partial traffic diversions on road will be

required, as most of the construction activities are on the road. Traffic Diversion
Plans are required in order to look for options and remedial measures so as to
mitigate any traffic congestion situations arising out due to acquisition of road
space during Metro construction of various corridors under Metro Rail Project
network. Such plans and their cost form part of the section on Engineering. The
elevated and underground corridor does not pose any serious risk to existing
buildings because minimum horizontal distance from centre of track to any
structure is maintained in accordance with engineering norms. As part of pre
construction/construction activities building condition survey will have to be
conductedcostofwhichisnotincludedinEMP.
12.5.3.3
MuckDisposal
The metro route is both elevated and underground. The construction activity
involvescutandcover,tunnel(boredandrock),foundation,fillandembankment.
Owingtopaucityofspaceinbusycitesandforsafetyreasons,elaboratemeasures
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need to beadopted for collection,storage, transfer and disposal of soil. All these
activities will generate about 31.07 Mm3 of soil. Out of this, about 9.32 Mm3 is
likelytobereutilizedinbackfillinginundergroundstationsandDepots.Thebalance
21.75 Mm3 shall be disposed off in environmental friendly manner. Disposal of
excess soil should be permitted in low lying areas owned by VDA. The excess soil
disposal site will be those identified by VDA and communicated to SPV (Special
Purpose Vehicle) for metro system formed VMRC (Varanasi Metro Rail
Corporation).Identificationofmeasuresrequiredatsoildisposalsitesformspartof
EMP.
12.5.3.4
DustGenerationandAirPollution
Transportationofearthandestablishmentofthematerialwillinvolveuseofheavy
machinery like compactors, rollers, water tankers, and dumpers. This activity is
machineryintensiveresultingindustgeneration.However,thisactivitywillbeonly
shortterm.Protectivemeasuresshallbeundertakenduringconstructionphase.It
is estimated that, about 28.09 Mm3 of earth will be transported in trucks for
backfillingindepotsandfinaldisposal.Theestimatedtruckmovementrequiredto
transport the soil/earth by considering 10 cubic meter of truck capacity will be
about1539trucktripsperdayfortheentirelengthofconstructionperiod.Onan
averageatruckisanticipatedtomoveabout10kmpertripforsomequantityof
muck used in depot site and stations. Hence total distance travelled would be
15390kmperday.Thetotaldustemission/pollutionwouldbe1.24gm/kmor2.2
kg/day.
12.5.3.5
IncreasedWaterDemand
The water demand will increase during construction phase. Sufficient water for
constructionpurposeistobemadeavailablebydiggingtubewellwithinthevicinity
oftheprojectsiteduringtheconstructionphase.Hencepropercareshallbetaken
while deciding the location of these activities or drawing water from public
facilities. Water requirement for construction of Metro will be met through tube
wells bored specially for the purpose of metro construction after taking approval
fromcompetentauthorityi.e.CentralGroundWaterBoard.Hence,therewillbeno
negative impact on the residents living in the vicinity of tube wells whose water
demandis,inanycase,metbymunicipalwater.
12.5.3.6
ImpactduetoLabourCamp
Construction activities may have impact on water bodies due to disposal of waste.
The waste could be due to the spillage of construction materials, dumping of used
water from the labour camp and oils and greases. Contamination of ground water
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cantakeplace,ifthedumpcontainingabovesubstancesgetsleachedandpercolate
intothegroundwatertable.Labourcampactivitiesareofshortduration.
12.5.3.7
ImpactduetoSupplyofConstructionMaterial
Quarry operations are independently regulated activities and outside the purview
oftheprojectproponent.Itisnonetheless,appropriatetogiveconsiderationtothe
environmental implications in selection of quarry sources since poorly run
operationscreatedustproblems,contributenoisepollution,ignoresafetyoftheir
employees, or cause the loss of natural resources. Dumping of construction
waste/spoilinahaphazardmannermaycausesurfaceandgroundwaterpollution
neartheconstructionsites.
12.5.3.8
LossofHistoricalandCulturalMonuments
No historical/cultural monuments will be lost as a result of the proposed
development.
12.5.3.9
ImpactduetoConstructionnearArchaeologicalMonuments
No archaeological monuments are directly affected. Some of the Archaeological

Monumentsareclosetotheproposedmetroalignment.Thereisonemonumenti.e.
ObservatoryofManSinghatadistanceof75mfromproposedChitranjanParkmetro
station which comes under prohibited area along Corridor1. There are two
monumentsi.e.ChaukhandiStupaandDhamekhStupaare195mwhichcomesunder
restrictedareaand300mrespectivelyfromtheCorridor2.
However for underground section of metro corridor, tunnel will be constructed by
state of art technology i.e. Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) which gives negligible
vibrationanddoesnotaffectthesurroundingstructures.Stations/entry/exitareawill
be constructed by Cut and Cover method which is widely accepted and safest
techniquebeingadoptedbymetroinIndiaandabroad.
12.5.3.10
ImpactonGroundandSurfaceWater
Groundwatercontaminationcantakeplaceonlyifchemicalsubstancesgetleached
byprecipitationofwaterandpercolatetothegroundwatertable.Proposedproject
will not alter the existing water quality of River Ganga. On construction no major
impactonsurfacewaterandgroundwaterqualityisanticipatedduetothisproject.
InclimatelikethatofDelhi,waterconsumptionduringconstructionisoftheorder
of21KLDto29KLDperkmincaseoftunneland12KLDto15KLDperkmincaseof
viaduct.
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12.5.3.11
NoisePollution
Construction noise may disturb people at home, in office buildings or retail

businesses, in public institutional buildings, at locations of religious services
depending upon their vicinity to construction site. The major sources of noise
pollution during construction are movement of vehicles for transportation of
construction material to the construction site and the noise generating activity at
the construction site itself. There are number of sensitive receptors like School,
College,Hospital,Temple,Mosque,nearthealignment.Themajorimpactstothe
sensitive receptors will be noise and vibration impact during construction. The
Metro construction is equipment intensive hence the main source will be the
operationofconstructionmachinery.NoisepredictioniscarriedoutforLmaxand
Leqfordifferentcombinationsofconstructionequipmentsworkingsimultaneously
atasite.StandardmitigationmeasuresandcostisgiveninEMP.
12.5.4
ImpactsDuetoProjectOperation
Theprojectmaycausethefollowingnegativeimpactsduringoperationoftheproject
duetotheincreaseinthenumberofpassengersandtrainsatthestations:
Noisepollution,
WatersupplyandsanitationatStations,
Pedestriansandtrafficcongestionissues
12.5.4.1
NoisePollution
Duringtheoperationphasethemainsourceofnoisewillbefromrunningofmetro
trains. Noise radiated from train operations and track structures generally
constitutethemajornoisesources.
There are number of sensitive receptors like School, College, Hospital, Temple,
Mosque, near the alignment. The major impacts on sensitive receptors during
operationphasewillbenoiseandvibrationimpactduetooperationoftrains.Noise
levelsatparticulardistancefromthesourcearepredictedandpresentedinTable
12.19.Itisassumedthattrainaveragespeedis32km/hr,andnobarrierispresent.
Due to reduction of vehicular traffic, the road traffic noise is expected to come
down.
TABLE12.19:NOISELEVELS(LDN)INdB(A)ATDIFFERENTDISTANCES
Station/Distanceawayfromthesource
BHEL
GilatBazar
VaranasiRlyStn
1m
80
2m
74
4m
68
8m
62
15m
57
25m
52
30m
51
81
80
75
74
69
68
62
62
57
57
53
52
51
51
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Godowlia
BHU
KashiBusStop
Panchkoshi
Havelia
12.5.4.2
81
80
81
80
80
75
74
75
74
74
69
68
69
68
68
63
62
63
62
62
57
57
57
57
57
53
52
53
52
52
51
51
51
51
51
WaterSupplyandSanitation
Public Health facilities such as water supply, sanitation and wash rooms are very
much needed at the stations. The water demands will be on station for drinking,
toilet,cleaningandalsoforotherpurposelikeAC,chillersandotherpurposes. In
climatelikeDelhi,waterconsumptionforpassengersandoperationalusesisofthe
order of 16,600 lit/day for typical elevated station, 85,000 lit/day for typical
underground station with softening plant and 1,15,000 lit/day for typical
undergroundstationwithROplant.WaterDemandiscalculatedandpresentedin
Table12.20.
TABLE12.20:WATERREQUIREMENT
S.
Particular
No.
1 AtStationsforDrinkingPurpose
In Underground stations for AC,
cleaning, chiller and other
2 purposeswithsofteningplant
In Elevated stations for AC,
cleaning, chiller and other
3 purposes
WaterDemandat
EachStation(KLD)
6
TotalWater
Demand(KLD)
156
85
1530
16.6
Total
132.8
1818.8
12.5.4.3
Pedestrianandtrafficcongestionissues
ThemainaimofmetrosystemistodecongesttheroadtrafficinCentralBusiness
Districts.AsseenfromDelhiMetroexperience,oncethemetroservicescommence,
itresultsinpassengerrushatstationsinturn,resultsincongestionaroundstation
vicinities.Theseshouldbeplannedupwithinthevicinityofeachstationsuchthat
passengersgetoffthebusorparktheirvehicleswithinwalkingdistancefromthe
station and at the same time the locality does not see congestion due to such
parking.
12.5.5
ImpactsDuetoDepot
In order to develop areas as depot, it will need filling by earth brought from
outside.Theearthfromundergroundmetrocorridortunnellingandcutandcover
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will be utilised to fill the deport site. The facilities will generate water and noise
issues.Problemsanticipatedatdepotsitesare:
12.5.5.1
Watersupply,
OilPollution,
Cuttingoftrees
Sanitation,
EffluentPollution,
NoisePollution,
Lossoflivelihood,
Impactduetofillingofarea,and
Surfacedrainage.
WaterSupply
Watersupplywillberequiredfordifferentpurposesinthedepot.Thewaterwillbe
required for train washing, office use and other purpose in workshop. The water
demandatGaneshpurdepotwouldbe230KLD.Thewaterwillbecollectedthrough
borewellsatdepotaftertakingapprovalfromcompetentauthority.Hence,there
willbenonegativeimpactontheresidentslivinginthevicinityoftubewellswhose
waterdemandis,inanycase,metbymunicipalwater.
12.5.5.2
SewageandEffluent
About 185 KLD waste water will be generated at Ganeshpur Depot near BHEL,
whichwillbetreatedattreatmentplant.Thetreatedwastewaterwillbetestedfor
InlandWaterDischargeStandardbeforereleaseintosurfacewaterbody.Thepart
of the water will be recycled to use at depot horticulture purpose. The domestic
waste/sewagegeneratedattheDepotwillbecollectedatonesuitablepointinside
thedepot.Fromhereitwilldischargetothenearestmanholeofexistingsewerage
system of the corporation for that necessary permission/ approvals from the
MunicipalCorporationofVaranasiarerequired.Therewillbeminimalimpactdue
towastewaterfromtheDepot.
12.5.5.3
OilPollution
Oil spillage during change of lubricants, cleaning and repair processes, in the
maintenance Depot cum workshop for maintenance of rolling stock, is very
common.Thespilledoilshouldbetrappedinoilandgreasetrap.Thecollectedoil
would be disposed off to authorised collectors, so as to avoid any underground/
surfacewatercontamination.
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12.5.5.4
NoisePollution
Themainsourceofnoisefromdepotistheoperationofworkshop.Theroughness
of the contact surfaces of rail and wheel and train speed is the factors, which
influencethemagnitudeofrailwheelnoise.
12.5.5.5
SurfaceDrainage
Duetothefillingofthelowlyingareafortheconstructionofdepots,thesurface
drainagepatternmaychangespeciallyduringmonsoon.
12.5.5.6
SolidWaste
SolidwastewillbegeneratedfromeachoftheDepotsiteswhichwillbetakenby
thecleaningcontractorweeklyanddisposedtotheVDAwastedisposalsheds.
12.5.5.7
LossofTrees
About 86 numbers of trees are observed at Ganeshpur Depot. The details of tree
likelytobeaffectedandtransplantedaregivenintheEnvironmentalManagement
Plan(EMP).
12.6
ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENTPLAN(EMP)
Thissectionhasbeendividedintothreesections:
Mitigationmeasures,
Disastermanagement,and
Emergencymeasures.
12.6.1
Mitigationmeasures
The main aim of mitigation measures is to protect and enhance the existing
environmentoftheproject.Thissectionincludesmeasuresfor:
CompensatoryAfforestation,
ConstructionMaterialManagement,
SafetyManagementMeasures,
LabourCamp,
EnergyManagement
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12.6.1.1
HazardousWasteManagement
EnvironmentalSanitation,
UtilityPlan,
ArchaeologicalandHistoricalPreservation,
AirPollutionControlMeasures,
NoiseControlMeasures,
VibrationControlMeasures,
TrafficDiversion/Management,
SoilErosionControl,
MuckDisposal,
DrainingofWaterfromTunnel,
WaterSupply,SanitationandSolidWastemanagement,
Rainwaterharvesting,
SensitiveReceptors,
ConstructionandDemolitionWasteManagement,
ManagementPlansforDepot,and
TrainingandExtension
CompensatoryAfforestation
The Department of Forests, Government of Uttar Pradesh is responsible for the

conservationandmanagementoftrees/forestsintheprojectarea.Accordingtothe
results of the present study, it is found that about 352 trees are likely to be lost
alongthetwocorridorsandonedepot.Itisproposedtoplanttensaplingsforeach
treetobecut.Hence,total704treesneedtobeplanted.Costofafforestationis
takenasRs.5,01,090/perha.Compensatoryafforestationcostthuswillbeabout
Rs2.76LakhforCorridorIandRs0.43LakhforCorridorII.Thenativeplantspecies
and miscellaneous indigenous tree species recommended for afforestation. 352
trees,onmaturingwillabsorbabout7.6tonofCO2peryearandwillrelease17.2
tonofOxygenperyear.
12.6.1.2 ConstructionMaterialManagement
The duties of the contractor will include monitoring all aspects of construction
activities, commencing with the storing, loading of construction materials and
equipment in order to maintain the quality. During the construction period, the
construction material storage site is to be regularly inspected for the presence of
uncontrolledconstructionwaste.CloseliaisonwiththeofficeroftheVMRCandthe
headoftheconstructioncrewwillberequiredtoaddressanyenvironmentalissues
and to set up procedures for mitigating impacts. The scheduling of material
procurement and transport shall be linked with construction schedule of the
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project.TheContractorshallberesponsibleformanagementofsuchconstruction
materialduringentireconstructionperiodoftheproject.
12.6.1.3 SafetyManagementMeasures
Priortotheconstruction,identificationofsafetyhazardwouldbemadebyProject
Authority to establish the safety programmes following rules, regulations and
guidelines.Thecomprehensivesafetyprogrammeswillincludedeploymentofafull
time safety engineer who will prepare safety plan/schedule for their
implementation during construction and operation. The personnel working would
wear protective headgear, footwear and other special garments that applicable
code requires. The weatherproof first aid boxes will be made available at
appropriatelocations.Theemergencymeasuresincludetunnelevacuationplanand
proceduresindependentofthetunnelpowersupply.
12.6.1.4 LabourCamp
The contractor during the progress of work will provide, erect and maintain
necessary (temporary) living accommodation and ancillary facilities for labour to
standardsandscalesapprovedbytheVMRC.Alltemporaryaccommodationmust
be constructed and maintained in such a fashion that uncontaminated water is
availablefordrinking,cookingandwashing.Adequatehealthcareistobeprovided
fortheworkforce.
In addition the following facilities will be provided in the labour camps sanitation
facilities like toilets and drains, shelter at workplace, canteen facilities, first aid
facilities, day crche facilities, health awareness campaigns to prevent Infectious
Diseases, facilities for water supply and waste water treatment and solid waste
management. Capital and operating cost are included in engineering cost and
thereforeisnotincludedinEMP.
WaterSupplyandWasteWaterTreatmentFacilityforWorkersCamps:Facilitiesin
labourcamp,stationanddepoti.e.i)Supplyoftreateddrinkingwaterii)Supplyof
water for other purpose by labour iii) Treatment of sewage and iv) Provisions of
toilets, shall be provided by contractor as part of project engineering cost.
ThereforethiscostisnotseparatelyestimatedunderEMP.
Working is predominantly mechanized. The contractor may choose to provide
ground water or treated municipal water for use in labour camp. Facilities for
sewage treatment can be provided by the contractor either by means of septic
tankswithsoakpits.
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Solid Waste Management: The collection, conveyance and disposal facilities shall
be made available by providing 20 litres capacity bin with handle and cover for 8
workers.Inaddition,onecommunitybinswouldbeprovidedforeffectivecollection
ofthewaste.Thedisposalofthewastewillbeatmunicipalcorporationlandfillsite.
Cost of solid waste management facilities in labour camp and depot if any is also
includedinthecapitalandoperatingcostoftheproject.
12.6.1.5 EnergyManagement
Thecontractorshalluseandmaintainequipmentsoastoconserveenergyandshall
beabletoproducedemonstrableevidenceofthesameupontherequestofofficer
oftheProjectImplementationUnit.
Measurestoconserveenergyincludebutnotlimitedtothefollowing:
Optimizingtheuseoftools,plantsandequipmenttoperformtaskswithcorrect
power,cablesizeandjointcancontrolvoltagedrops,
Use of energy efficient motors (90% efficiency or more) and pumps ( at least
80%efficiency),
Replacinginefficientlampswiththemostefficientlampforthepurpose,taking
intoaccountsize,shape,colourandoutputofthelamp,
Adequate and uniform illumination level at construction sites suitable for the
task,
Useofenergyefficientairconditioner,
EngineofDGsetshallcomplieswithCPCBnorms,
Planning in advance and selecting location to receive and store material such
thattheseareattheleastdistancefromtheplaceofuse.
Maintenanceschedule
The rooms shall be well insulated to enhance the efficiency of air

conditionersandtheuseofsolarfilmsonwindowsmaybeusedwherefeasible.
Capital and operating cost are included in engineering cost and therefore is not
includedinEMP.
12.6.1.6 HazardousWasteManagement
Thecontractorshallidentifythenatureandquantityofhazardouswastegenerated
asaresultofhisactivitiesandshallfileanApplicationforobtainingauthorizationin
Form I with Uttar Pradesh Pollution Control Board. Hazardous waste would
mainly arise from the maintenance of equipment which may include used engine
oils,hydraulicfluids,wastefuel,spendmineraloil/cleaningfluidsfrommechanical
machinery, scrap batteries or spent acid/alkali, spend solvents etc. Hazardous
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Wasteneedstobestoredinasecureplaceandadequatelylabelledandpackaged.
Thecontractorshallmaintainarecordofsale,transfer,storageofsuchwasteand
maketheserecordsavailableforinspection.
12.6.1.7
EnvironmentalSanitation
EnvironmentalsanitationalsoreferredtoasHousekeeping,istheactofkeepingthe
working environment cleared of all unnecessary waste, thereby providing a first
line of defense against accidents and injuries. General environmental sanitation
shall be carried out by the contractor and ensured at all times at Work Site,
Construction Depot, Batching Plant, Stores, Offices and toilets/urinals. Team of
environmentalsanitationsquadshallcarryoutthefollowing:
Waterloggingorbentonitespillageonroadsshallnotbeallowed.
Unused/surplus cables, steel items and steel scrap lying scattered at
different places within the working areas shall be removed to identify
locations.
All wooden scrap, empty wooden cable drums and other combustible
packingmaterials,shallberemovedfromworkplacetoidentifiedlocations.
Emptycementbagsandotherpackagingmaterialshallbeproperlystacked
andremoved.
UtilityPlan
12.6.1.8
The proposed Metro alignment run along major arterial roads of the city, which
serveInstitutional,CommercialandResidentialareas.Largenumberofsubsurface,
surfaceandoverheadutilityservices,viz.sewers,watermains,stormwaterdrains,
telephone cables, electrical transmission lines, electric poles, traffic signals etc.
alreadyexistalongtheproposedalignments.Theseutilityservicesareessentialand
havetobemaintainedinworkingorderduringdifferentstagesofconstructionby
temporary/permanentdiversionsorbysupportinginposition.Assuch,thesemay
affect construction and project implementation time schedule/costs, for which
necessaryplanning/actionneedstobeinitiatedinadvance.
Priortotheactualexecutionofworkatsite,detailedinvestigationofallutilitiesand
locationwillbeundertakenwellinadvancebymakingtrenchpittoavoiddamage
toanyutility.Whileplanningfordiversionofundergroundutilityservicese.g.sewer
lines, water pipe lines, cables etc., during construction of Metro, the following
guidelinescouldbeadopted:
Utility services shall be kept operational during the entire construction period
andaftercompletionofproject.
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Sewerlinesandwatersupplylinesaremainlyaffectedinundergroundcutand
cover construction. These services are proposed to be maintained by
temporarilyreplacingthemwithCI/Steelpipelinesandsupportingthemduring
construction, these will be encased in reinforced cement concrete after
completionofconstructionandretainedaspermanentlines.
Where permanent diversion of the affected utility is not found feasible,
temporary diversion with CI/Steel pipes without manholes is proposed during
construction. After completion of construction, these will be replaced with
conventionalpipesandmanholes.
The elevated viaduct does not pose any serious difficulty in negotiating the
underground utility services, especially those running across the alignment. In
such situation, the spanning arrangement of the viaduct may be suitably
adjusted to ensure that no foundation need be constructed at the location,
where,theutilityiscrossingtheproposedMetroalignment.
12.6.1.9 ArchaeologicalandHistoricalStructurePreservation
Thereisonemonumenti.e. ObservatoryofManSinghatadistanceof75mfrom
proposed Chitranjan Park metro station along Corridor1. There are two
monuments i.e. Chaukhandi Stupa and Dhamekh Stupa are 195m and 300m
respectively from the Corridor2. No damage to Archeological Monuments is
anticipated; however, during construction stage, archaeological or historical
structures may get affected by construction activity. Necessary procedure will be
followedforConstructionwithintheregulatedareaofArchaeologicalMonuments
from Archaeological Survey of India as per The Ancient Monuments and
ArchaeologicalSitesandRemains(AmendmentandValidation)Act,2010.Priorto
the initiation of construction, VMRC will conduct condition survey of all historical
important structures in the vicinity of alignment. This survey will help to identify
theimpactonthestructuresduringconstructionandoperationoftheproject.Any
impact would be compensated by adequate management plan to preserve the
structures.
12.6.1.10 AirPollutionControlMeasures
During the construction period, the impact on air quality will be mainly due to
increase in Particulate Matter (PM) along haul roads and emission from vehicles
andconstructionmachinery.Mitigationmeasureswhichshallbeadoptedtoreduce
theairpollutionarepresentedbelow:
Thecontractorshalltakeallnecessaryprecautionstominimizefugitivedust
emissions from operations involving excavation, grading, and clearing of
land and disposal of waste. He shall not allow emissions of fugitive dust
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from any transport, handling, construction or storage activity to remain

visible in atmosphere beyond the property line of emission source for any
prolongedperiodoftimewithoutnotificationtotheEmployer.
Contractors transport vehicles and other equipment shall conform to
emission standards fixed by Statutory Agencies of Government of India or
the State Government from time to time. The Contractor shall carry out
periodicalchecksandundertakeremedialmeasuresincludingreplacement,
ifrequired,soastooperatewithinpermissiblenorms.
Thecontractorshallcoverloadsofdustgeneratingmaterialslikedebrisand
soil being transported from construction sites. All trucks carrying loose
materialshouldbecoveredandloadedwithsufficientfreeboardtoavoid
spillsthroughthetailboardorsideboards.
ThetemporarydumpingareasshallbemaintainedbytheContractoratall
times until the excavate is reutilized for backfilling or as directed by
Employer.
The contractor shall place material in a manner that will minimize dust
production.Materialshallbeminimizedeachdayandwetted,tominimize
dust production. During dry weather, dust control methods must be used
dailyespeciallyonwindy,drydaystopreventanydustfromblowingacross
thesiteperimeter.
Thecontractorshallwaterdownconstructionsitesasrequiredtosuppress
dust,duringhandlingofexcavationsoilordebrisorduringdemolition.The
Contractor will make water sprinklers, water supply and water delivering
equipmentavailableatanytimethatitisrequiredfordustcontroluse.Dust
screenswillbeused,asfeasiblewhenadditionaldustcontrolmeasuresare
neededespeciallywheretheworkisnearsensitivereceptors.
The contractor shall design and implement blasting techniques so as to
minimizedust,noise,andvibrationgenerationandpreventionflyrock.
Capitalandoperatingcostareincludedinengineeringcostandthereforeisnot
includedinEMP.
12.6.1.11 NoiseControlMeasures
There may be an increase in noise level in ambient air due to construction and
operationofthisrailcorridor.Theexposureofworkerstohighnoiselevelscanbe
minimized by job rotation, automation, protective devices, noise barriers, and
soundproof compartments, control rooms etc. Earplug/muffs or other hearing
protective wear will be provided to those working very close to the noise
generating machinery. Measures to mitigate noise impact in construction zones
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shallbeimplementedbythecontractorsthecostofwhichisincludedintheproject
engineeringcost.
Noiselevelfromloadingandunloadingofconstructionmaterialscanbereducedby
usageofvarioustypesofcranesandplacingmaterialsonsandorsandybagbeds.
Soundbarriersareusuallyeffectivealongroutehavingfasttraffic.Ballastlesstrack
is supported on two layers of rubber pads to reduce track noise and ground
vibrations.
Costofnoisebarriersrequiredtobedeployedduringoperationisnotincludedin
theprojectengineeringcostandisthereforeestimatedaspartofEMPcost.Noise
barriersshallbeplacedalongthecurvedportionoftheviaductandatsomeportion
ofthestationsduringoperation.TheestimatedcostofnoisebarrierisaboutRs60
LakhforCorridorIandthereisnosharpcurvesinCorridorII.
12.6.1.12 VibrationControlMeasures
Thelargeforcesbetweenthewheelandtherailaretheprimarycauseofvibration.
The building floors usually respond to ground borne vibration. Vibration can be
reduced by minimizing surface irregularities of wheel and rail, improving track
geometry, providing elastic fastenings, and separation of rail seat assembly from
theconcreteplinthwithinsertionofresilientandshockabsorbingpad.
While designing the track structure for Mass Rapid Transit System all the above
pointshavetobetakenintoconsiderationinthefollowingways:
Topreventdevelopmentofsurfaceirregularitiesontherail,afairlyheavyrail
section should be proposed. Further rail grinding at regular intervals by rail
grinding machine and also lubrication of rail by vehicle mounted lubricator
havebeencontemplated.
Railswillbecontinuouslyweldedandalsowillbelaidtofinetolerancessothat
anynoise/vibrationonaccountoftrackgeometrycouldbereduced.
Thevibrationgeneratedfromrailwheelinteractionwillbegreatlyabsorbedby
theelasticfasteningsystemproposedtobeused.
In addition, locations where the alignment is close to sensitive structures, the

contractor shall prepare a monitoring scheme prior to construction at such
locations.Thisschemeshallinclude:
Monitoring requirements for vibrations at regular intervals throughout the
constructionperiod.
Preconstruction structural integrity inspections of historic and sensitive
structuresinprojectactivity.
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Information dissemination about the construction method, probable effects,

qualitycontrolmeasuresandprecautionstobeused.
12.6.1.13 TrafficDiversion/Management
In order to retain satisfactory levels of traffic flow during the construction period;
trafficmanagementandengineeringmeasuresneedtobetaken.Theycanberoad
widening exercises, traffic segregation, oneway movements, traffic diversions on
influencearearoads,acquisitionofservicelanes,etc.
All construction workers should be provided with high visibility jackets with
reflectivetapesatmostofviaduct/tunnelingandstationworksoreitherabove
or under rightofway. The conspicuity of workmen at all times shall be
increasedsoastoprotectfromspeedingvehiculartraffic.
Warntheroaduserclearlyandsufficientlyinadvance.
Providesafeandclearlymarkedlanesforguidingroadusers.
Providesafeandclearlymarkedbufferandworkzones
The primary traffic control devices used in work zones shall include signs,
delineators,barricades,cones,pylons,pavementmarkingsandflashinglights.
Variousconstructiontechnologieslikecutandcovercanbeemployedtoensurethat
traffic impedance is minimized. During operation decongestion scheme should
involvetaxiandautorickshawstands,ahaltingspaceforpublicbuses,dropoffpick
upforownedmodes.Parkingspaceatstationsifanyistobeplannedwell.Capital
andoperatingcostareincludedinengineeringcostandthereforeisnotincludedin
EMP.
12.6.1.14 SoilErosionControl
Prior to the start of the relevant construction, the contractor shall submit to the
VMRC for approval, his schedules for carrying out temporary and permanent
erosion/sedimentationcontrolworksasareapplicablefortheitemsofclearingand
grubbing, roadway and drainage excavation, embankment/subgrade construction
andotherstructuresacrosswatercourses,pavementcoursesandshouldersandhis
plan for disposal of waste materials. The surface area of erodible earth material
exposed by clearing and grubbing, excavation shall be limited to the extent
practicable.Workssuchasconstructionoftemporaryberms,slopedrainsanduse
oftemporarymulches,fabrics,mats,seeding,orothercontroldevicesormethods
as necessary to control erosion and sedimentation may be involved. Mitigation
measures include careful planning, timing of cut and fill operations and re
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vegetation. Capital and operating cost are included in engineering cost and
12.6.1.15 MuckDisposal
Owing to paucity of space in the busy cities and for safety reasons, elaborate
measures need to be adopted for collection, transfer, storage and disposal of
excavatedmuck.Incaseofmuckcollectionisbycontainersthenthesecontainers
shouldbesuchthatmuckshouldnotspillduringmovementtodumping/disposal
site.Dumpingareasareessentialtostoretheexcavatedearthtemporarilyforback
fillingatlaterdateandfinaldisposal.Disposalsitesofexcesssoilwillbeidentified
byVMRCinconsultationwithVDAandotheragencies.Thetransferanddisposalof
surplussoilmaycreateairpollutionandleachedwaterproblem.Tomitigatethese
problemsfollowingmitigationmeasureareproposedtobeadopted:
Thedisposalsiteswillbecleanedandthentreatedsothatleachedwaterdoes
notcontaminatethegroundwater.
Material will be stabilised each day by watering or other accepted dust
suppressiontechniques.
Theheightfromwhichsoilwillbedroppedshallbeminimumpracticalheightto
limitthedustgeneration.
Thestockpilingofearthinthedesignatedlocationswithsuitableslopes.
Duringdryweather,dustcontrolmethodssuchaswatersprinklingwillbeused
dailyespeciallyonwindy,drydaytopreventanydustfromblowing.
Sufficientequipment,waterandpersonnelshallbeavailableondumpingsites
atalltimestominimisedustsuppression.
Dustcontrolactivitiesshallcontinueevenduringworkstoppages.
The muck shall be filled in the dumping site in layers and compacted
mechanically. Dumping sites on sloping ground shall be protected adequately
againstanypossibleslide/slopefailurethroughengineeringmeasures.
Itisdesirabletofirstcleanthedisposalareasiteforvegetationbiomassexists
overit.Thefacesandtopshouldbetreated/vegetatedtoavoiderosion.Once
the filling is complete, the entire muck disposal area shall be provided with a
layerofgoodearthonthetop,dressedneatly,andcoveredwithvegetation.
includedinEMP.
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12.6.1.16 DrainingofWaterfromTunnel
Problems of water flow associated with tunnelling are bound to take place where
water table is low. In cut and cover type construction continuous pumping is an
economical alternative. A suitable piezometer should be installed to monitor the
watertableconstantlyduringconstructionandperiodicallyduringoperation.
Thedewateringshouldnotbestoppedunlessitisensuredfromdesigncalculations
thattheloadoftheconstructedboxcomponenthasreachedastagewhereitwillbe
abletocounteractthehydrostaticpressurefrombelow.
Thepumpedwaterfromsumpwellswillbeputintostormwaterdraintoavoidany
loadtowastewatertreatmentplants.
includedinEMP.
12.6.1.17 WaterSupplyandSolidWasteManagement
Publichealthfacilitiessuchaswatersupply,sanitationandtoiletsareneededatthe
stations.Drinkingwaterandrawwaterrequirementforundergroundandelevated
stationscanbeprovidedfrommunicipalsourceinconsultationwithlocalagencies.
Water should be treated to World Health Organization (WHO) drinking water
standardsbeforeuse.Duringconstructionandoperationrainwaterharvestingwill
be carried out at stations and Depots. To avoid excess usage of water during
constructionfollowingmeasureswillbetakentoreducewaterconsumption:
Recycleofwaterconsumedinwheelwashing.
Discarded water from the RO plant at Batching Plants shall be used for re
chargeofgroundwater.
Waterfromdewateringwillalsobeusedforgroundwaterrecharge.
Itissuggestedthatthecapacityofsolidwastestoragecontainersshouldnotexceed
50litresandtheseshouldbeequippedwithsidehandlestofacilitatehandling.To
avoidodourandtheaccumulationofflysupportingmaterials,garbagecontainers
shouldbewashedatfrequentintervals.Thisshouldbecollectedandtransportedto
local municipal bins for onward disposal to disposal site by municipality. Waste
generated during and after construction will be disposed in accordance with
relevantNationalandStatelawsandRegulations.
includedinEMP.
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12.6.1.18 Rainwaterharvesting
To conserve and augment the storage of groundwater, it has been proposed to

construct roof top rainwater harvesting structure of suitable capacity at the
elevated stations and in the elevated alignment. Each pillar can have inbuilt
downpipes to collect the rainwater from the viaduct and into the underground
tanks.Arechargetankshallbeconstructedatsuitabledistance.Thewatercollected
will percolate down to the subsoil through numerous layers of sand, gravel and
boulders.Totalelevatedlengthofthecorridorsisabout6.08km.Averageannual
rainfallofVaranasiis945mm.Consideringarunoffcoefficientof0.85theannual
rainwater harvesting potential of elevated stations and elevated section is
estimatedas1,08,111cubicmeterperyear.Capitalandoperatingcostareincluded
inengineeringcostandthereforeisnotincludedinEMP.
12.6.1.19 ConstructionandDemolitionWasteManagement
ConstructionandDemolition(C&D)debrisisdefinedasthatpartofthesolidwaste
stream that results from land clearing, excavation, construction, demolition,
remodelingandrepairofstructures,roadsandutilities.C&Dwastegeneratedfrom
metro construction has potential use after processing and grading. The
constructionanddemolitionwastegeneratedshouldbedisposedatsiteidentified
byVMRCawayfromanywaterbodyorriverbank.
12.6.1.20 ManagementPlansforDepot
OnemaintenancedepotisplannedatGaneshpurnearBHEL(15.6ha)forVaranasi
Metro.Themanagementplanfordepotsiteincludes:
WaterSupply,
OilPollutionControl,
Sewage/EffluentPollutionControl,
Solidwaste,
SurfaceDrainage,
Greenbeltdevelopment,
Rainwaterharvesting,and
Recyclingoftreatedwastewater.
Watersupply:Waterwillberequiredforoperationandfunctioningofdepotwhich
willbethroughmunicipalsupplyorboringtubewellintotheground.Theground
water will need treatment depending upon its use. For Domestic application a
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Reverse Osmosis (RO) system will be appropriate. Capital and operating cost are
includedinengineeringcostandthereforeisnotincludedinEMP.
OilPollutionControl:Theoiltendstoformscuminsedimentationchambers,clog
finescreens,interferewithfiltrationandreducetheefficiencyoftreatmentplants.
Hence oil and grease removal tank has to be installed at initial stage of effluent
treatments.Thetankmaybedesignedforadetentionperiodof5to15minutes.
includedinEMP.
Sewage/Effluent Pollution Control: Sewage will be generated from depot which

couldbetreateduptothelevelsothatitcouldbeusedforhorticulturepurposein
thecampusandcanalsobedischargedintothenearbystream.Similarlyeffluentis
likelytobegeneratedfromDepots.ThishastobetreatedasperrequirementofUP
Pollution Control Board. The estimated cost of Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) is
about Rs 10 Lakh and cost of Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) is Rs 215 Lakh at
Ganeshpurdepot.
SolidWasteDisposal:ThesolidwastegeneratedfromtheDepotwillbetakenby
thecleaningcontractorweeklyanddisposedtotheVaranasiMunicipalCorporation
waste disposal sites in accordance with relevant National and State laws and
regulations. Capital and operating cost are included in engineering cost and
SurfaceDrainage:Theareashouldhaveproperdrainage.TheStormwaterofthe
depot will be collected through the drains. Rain water harvesting pits shall be
provided at different locations in the drains and for surplus storm water, the
drainage system should be connected to a nearby disposal site. Capital and
operating cost are included in engineering cost and therefore is not included in
EMP.
Greenbeltdevelopment:Thegreenbeltdevelopment/plantationinthedepotarea
not only functions as landscape features resulting in harmonizing and
amalgamating the physical structures of proposed buildings with surrounding
environmentbutalsoactsaspollutionsinknoisebarrier.Estimatedcostforgreen
beltdevelopmentisaboutRs7.96LakhforGaneshpurDepot.Treatedsewageand
effluentinthebestcombinationshouldbeusedforgreenbeltdevelopment.
Rain water harvesting: To conserve and augment the storage of groundwater, it

hasbeenproposedtoconstructrooftoprainwaterharvestingstructureofsuitable
capacityintheproposeddepots.Mostoftheareaindepotwillbeopentoskyand
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itisestimatedthatapproximately10%areawillbecovered.Rainwaterharvesting
potentialofdepotsiscalculatedas14,742cubicmeterperyear.Costforrainwater
harvesting will be considered in civil construction. Capital and operating cost are
includedinengineeringcostandthereforeisnotincludedinEMP.
Recyclingoftreatedwastewater:Wastewatergeneratedatdepotsisproposedto
becollectedatETP&STPthroughseparatesewerlinesfortreatment.Thetreated
wastewaterwillberecycledforhorticultureworkofthedepots.
12.6.1.21 TrainingandExtension
ThetrainingforengineersandmanagerswillbeimpartedbyVMRConregularbasis
toimplementtheenvironmentalprotectionclausesofthetenderdocumentandto
implement the bestenvironmentalpractices during the construction phase. Apart
fromtraining,programmeshouldincludeguidelinesforsafety,methodsofdisaster
prevention,actionrequiredincaseofemergency,fireprotection,environmentalrisk
analysisetc.ThecostinvolvedforsuchprogrammesisestimatedasRs13.80Lakh
forCorridorIandRs10.20lakhforCorridorII,detailsaregiveninTable12.21.
TABLE12.21:COSTFORTRAININGPROGRAMME
S.No
Item
CurriculumDevelopmentandcoursepreparation
1monthsRs.50000/month
2
3
4
5
ExtensionOfficer(1year)Rs.20,000/month
Instructor20sessionsof10dayseach
Demonstration/PresentationAids
Materialetc
Total
Cost(Rs)
CorridorI
CorridorII
50,000
50,000
720000
360000
1,00,000
150000
13,80,000
480000
240000
1,00,000
150000
10,20,000
12.6.1.22 EstablishmentofEnvironmentalDivision
It is recommended that VMRC establishes an Environment Division at the initial

stageoftheprojectitself.Thisdivisionshould haveanEnvironmentalOfficerand
an Environment Engineer. The task of the division would be to supervise and
coordinate studies, environmental monitoring and implementation of
environmentalmitigationmeasures,anditshouldreportdirectlytoChiefEngineer
of the project authority. Progress of the division should be reviewed by an
Environmental Advisor once in a year. The environmental Advisor should be an
experienced expert familiar with environmental management in similar projects.
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Costsforthefirsttenyears(including10%annualincreasehasbeen)givenTable
12.22.TheestimatedcostforCorridor1isRs174.24LakhandRs166.25Lakhfor
Corridors2.
TABLE12.22:COSTOFESTABLISHMENTOFENVIRONMENTALDIVISION
S No
A
B
ITEM
COST (Rs)
CapitalCost
OfficeFurnishings(Computer,furnitureetc)LS
RecurringCost
ManPowerCost(For12months)
EnvironmentalEngineer/Officer@Rs.50,000/month
EnvironmentalAssistant@35000/month
OfficeMaintenanceandconsumables@Rs.10,000/month
Corridor1
3,00,000
SubTotal(A+B)
Miscellaneousandunforeseenexpenses,LS(10%ofC)
Totalcostforestablishmentofcellfor1Year
Totalcostfor10yearswith10%annualincrese
14,40,000
1,44,000
15,84,000
174,24,000
Corridor2
3,00,000
6,00,000 Nil
4,20,000
1,20,000
420000
60000
780001
78000.1
858001.1
16625401.21
12.6.2
DisasterManagement
Disaster is an unexpected event due to sudden failure of the system, external

threats,internaldisturbances,earthquakes,fireandaccidents.Thefirststepisto
identify the causes which develop/ pose unexpected danger to the structural
integrityofMetrotunneloroverheadrail.Disastermanagementshouldbedone
byProvisionsunderDisasterManagementAct,2005.
ProvisionsatMetroStations/OtherInstallations
PreventiveAction:Oncethelikelihoodofadisasterissuspected,actionhastobe
initiated to prevent a failure. Engineers responsible for preventive action should
identify sources of repair equipments, materials, labour and expertise for use
duringemergency.
ReportingProcedures:Thelevelatwhichasituationwillbetermedadisastershall
be specified. This shall include the stage at which the surveillance requirements
should be increased both in frequency and details. The EngineerinChief should
notify the officer for the exit points for the public, safety areas in the
tunnel/overheadrail,andnearestmedicalfacilities.
Communication System: This has to be worked out in consultation with local

authorities.Moreoften,theentirecommunicationsystemgetsdisruptedwhena
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disasteroccurs.Thedamageareasneedtobeclearlyidentifiedandprovidedwith
temporaryandfullproofcommunicationsystem.
EmergencyActionCommittee:Toensurecoordinatesaction,anEmergencyAction
Committeeshouldbeconstituted.ThecivicadministratormaybetheChairmanof
this Committee. Emergency Action Committee will prepare the evacuation plan
and procedures for implementation based on local needs and facilities available.
The staff at the site should be trained for problem detection, evaluation and
emergencyremedialmeasures.Individualresponsibilitytohandlethesegmentsin
emergencyplanmustbeallotted.
includedinEMP.
12.6.3
EmergencyMeasures
The emergency measures are adopted to avoid any failure in the system such as
lights,fire,meansofescape,ventilationshaftsetc.TheaimofEmergencyAction
Plan is to identify areas, population and structures likely to be affected due to a
catastrophic event of accident. The action plan should also include preventive
action, notification, warning procedures and coordination among various relief
authorities.
Emergency Lighting: The emergency lights operated on battery power should be

providedateachstation.Thebatterysystemshouldsupplypowertoatleast25%
ofthelightsatthestation,platforms,tunnels/viaductsforaperiodof2hours.
Fire Protection: The building materials should be of appropriate fire resistance

standard.Forundergroundstructuresthefireresistanceperiodshouldbeatleast4
hours,and2hoursforsurfaceoroverheadstructures.Woodshallnotbeusedfor
any purpose, excluding artificial wood products, which are flame resistant. The
materialswhichhavezerosurfaceburningcharacteristicsneedtobeused.
Fire Prevention and Safety Measures: Fire prevention measures will be designed
and implemented to minimize the risk of outbreak of fire by appropriate choice,
locationandinstallationofvariousmaterialsandequipment.Instationsplanning,
potentialsourcesoffirecanbereducedbyFirePreventions,Safety,FireAlarmand
Detection System, Fire Control Measures, Access for Fireman, Ventilation Shafts
and Emergency Door etc. Capital and operating cost are included in engineering
costandthereforeisnotincludedinEMP.
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12.7
ENVIRONMENTALMONITORINGPLAN
TheenvironmentalmonitoringprogrammeisavitalprocessofanyEnvironmental
Management Plan (EMP) of development project for review of indicators and for
taking immediate preventive action. Environmental monitoring should be an
integral part of works towards better environmental management of air, noise,
vibration,waterqualityetcbothduringconstructionandinoperationphasesofthe
project.Thefollowingparametersareproposedtobemonitored:
WaterQuality,
AirQuality,
NoiseandVibration,
EnvironmentalSanitationandWasteDisposal
EcologicalMonitoringandAfforestation,
WorkersHealthandSafety
Environmentalmonitoringduringpreconstructionphaseisimportanttoknowthe
baseline data and to predict the adverse impacts during construction and
operationsphases.TheestimatedenvironmentalmonitoringcostisRs66.39Lakh
&Rs50.67LakhforCorridor1andCorridor2respectively.
12.7.1
ConstructionPhase
During construction stage environmental monitoring will be carried out for air
quality, noise levels, vibrations, water quality,and ecology. At this stage it is not
possible to visualize the exact number of locations where environmental
monitoring must be carried out. However keeping a broad view of the sensitive
receptorsandalsothepastexperienceanestimateoflocationshasbeenmadeand
aresummarizedinTable12.23.
TABLE12.23:CONSTRUCTIONSTAGEMONITORINGSCHEDULE
Parameter
AirQuality
Frequencyperyear
2x24hours,twiceaweekinone
season
Locations
9
Years
5
Noise
24hours,twiceaweek inoneseason
Vibration
24hours,thrice inyear
Water
Onceinseason
Soil
Onceinaseason
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These numbers could be modified based on need when the construction actually
commences.
12.7.1.1
WaterQuality
The water quality parameters are to be monitored during the entire period of
project construction. Monitoring should be carried out by NABL
Accredited/MoEFCC recognized private or Government agency. Water quality
should be analyzed following the procedures given in the standard methods.
Parametersfor monitoring will be as per BIS: 10500. The monitoring points could
begroundandsurfacewater.
12.7.1.2
AirQuality
Ambient air quality is regularly monitored by Central Pollution Control Board at
numberofplacesinVaranasi.Inadditiontothese,airqualityshouldbemonitored
atthelocationsofbaselinemonitoring.TheparameterrecommendedisParticulate
Matter(PM2.5andPM10),SO2,NOX,COandHC.Thecontractorwillberesponsible
for carrying out air monitoring during the entire construction phase under the
supervisionofVMRC.
12.7.1.3
NoiseandVibration
Thenoiseandvibrationwillbemonitoredatconstructionsitesforentirephaseof
constructionbythesitecontractorandunderthesupervisionofVMRC.
12.7.1.4
EcologicalMonitoring
TheprojectauthorityincoordinationwiththeDepartmentofForestshallmonitor
the status of ecology/trees along the project corridors at least 4 times in a year
during construction phase in order to maintain the ecological environment. The
plantation/afforestation of trees by Department of Forest, Government of Uttar
Pradeshwillbereviewfourtimesayearduringconstructionphase.
12.7.1.5
WorkersHealthandSafety
Monitoring of health risk issues that might arise throughout the project life time
will be done. Epidemiological studies at construction sites will be performed to
monitorthepotentialspreadofdiseases.Regularinspectionandmedicalcheckups
shall be carried out to workers health and safety monitoring. Any reoccurring
incidentssuchasirritations,rashes,respiratoryproblemsetcshallberecordedand
appropriatemitigationmeasuresshallbetaken.Contractorwillbetheresponsible
person to take care health and safety of workers during the entire period of the
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construction and project proponent is responsible to review/audit the health and

safetymeasures/plans.
12.7.2
OperationPhase
Eventhoughtheenvironmentalhazardsduringtheoperationphaseoftheproject
are minimal, the environmental monitoring will be carried out for air, noise,
vibration,waterandecologyduringoperationphaseoftheproject.Theparameters
monitoredduringoperationwillbeParticulateMatter(PM2.5 andPM10),SO2,NOX,
COandHCforair.Waterqualityparametersthatwillbemonitoredwillbeasper
BIS10500.ThemonitoringscheduleispresentedinTable12.24.Monitoringshould
becarriedoutbyNABLAccredited/MoEFrecognizedprivateorGovernmentagency
under the supervision of Varanasi Metro Rail Corporation. Project Operator i.e.
VMRCwillberesponsibleforsuccessfulenvironmentalmonitoringoftheproposed
projectduringoperationphase.
TABLE12.24:OPERATIONSTAGEMONITORINGSCHEDULE
Parameter
AirQuality
Noise
Vibration
Water
WasteWater
Soil
Frequencyperyear
2x24Hour,onceinaseason
24hoursonceaseason
24hoursonceayear
Onceinaseason
Onceinaseason
Onceinaseason
Locations
9
9
4
8
1(Depots)
7
Years
3
3
3
3
3
3
TheresultsofAirquality,waterquality,wastewater,vibrationwillbesubmittedto
management quarterly during construction phase and semi annually during
operationphase.
12.8
SUMMARYOFCOSTESTIMATE
Estimated environmental cost for the proposed metro project is Rs 777.77 Lakh.
SummaryofcostestimateisgiveninthefollowingTable12.25.
TABLE12.25:SUMMARYOFCOSTESTIMATE
S
No
1
2
3
4
Item
CompensatoryAfforestation
NoiseBarriers
SewageTreatmentforDepot
EffluentTreatmentforDepot
Amount(RsinLakh)
CorridorI
CorridorII
2.76
0.43
60
Nil
10
Nil
215
Nil
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5
6
7
8
GreenBeltDevelopmentforDepot
EnvironmentalMonitoring
TrainingandExtension
EnvironmentDivision
Total
7.96
66.39
13.80
174.24
550.15
Nil
50.67
10.27
166.25
227.62
12.9
SOCIALIMPACTASSESSMENT
Development of proposed two metro rail corridors in Varanasi city involves
acquisitionoflandforstations,runningsections,TSS,Depotandforotherfacilities.
Acquisition of this private land may cause social disruption and economic loss for
thefamilies/peoplewhoarelikelytobeaffected.Whileimplementingtheproject,
there is a need to take into account these disturbances and losses due to the
project,theirimpactonsocioeconomicconditionofthepeopleandplanfortheir
mitigation measures to minimise any negative impacts. The details of land
acquisition, number of affected structures (titleholders and nontitleholders) and
affected families and socioeconomic profile of affected families on the basis of
samplesurveyandResettlementActionPlan(RAP)ispresentedinthissection.
12.9.1ObjectiveofSIAandRAP
TheobjectiveofSocialImpactAssessmentis(i)identifyPAPsbytypeandextentof
loss;(ii)identify the possible adverse effects of the project on the people and the
area;(ii)Suggestculturallyandeconomicallyappropriatemeasuresformitigationof
adverse effects of the project;(iii)provision of institutional mechanism for
implementationofRAP;(iv)provisionforgrievanceredressmechanism;(v)preparea
time frame for implementation of RAP;(vi)provision of budget for each activity of
RAP,and(vii)MonitoringandEvaluation(M&E)ofimplementationofRAP.TheSIA
includesRAPisbasedonanintegratedandholisticapproachtodealwithproject
impactsandaimsatrebuildinglivesandlivelihoodsofthoseaffectedasquicklyas
possible.
12.9.2Approach&Methodology
Socioeconomicsurveywasconductedinthecorridorofimpactzonetoidentifythe
affected structures, families/persons and list out the adverse impacts of the
project. The SIA which includes RAP has been prepared in accordance with the
guidelines of Government of India, Government of Uttar Pradesh and
multi/bilateral funding agencies. The methodology adopted to prepare SIA report
was desk research, site visits and information dissemination, enumeration of
structure, socioeconomic survey, compilation, verification and analysis of data,
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public consultation at local level. Various steps involved in the study have been
describedinbriefinthefollowingparagraphs.
a. TheconsultantreviewedthefinaltopographicalmapsandDetailedProject
Report(DPR)oftheproject.
b. Conducted sample socioeconomic survey covering affected households,
squatters, kiosks and small business entrepreneurs with the help of
pretested Household Questionnaire. Important aspects covered in the
questionnaire were identification particulars of PAPs, his or her family
details,socialprofile,occupation,income,detailsofstructure,commercial/
self employment activities, household income, annual expenditure,
employment pattern, type of effects / loss etc. Most part of the
questionnaire has been precoded except those reflecting the opinion and
viewsofthePAP,whichhavebeenleftopenended.
c. In order to understand social issues associated with the proposed project
we require baseline data. The base line data have been collected from
secondary sources such as the Census and the Statistical Hand Book.
Primary data have been collectedthrough household survey conducted by
RITES social team. The socioeconomic baseline data was collected during
OctoberNovember2015.
d. Thedevelopmentofproposedmetroprojecthassignificantpositiveimpacts
in Varanasi city. The project may also bring myriad forms of unavoidable
adverse impacts on the socio and economic environment around. Social
RiskAssessmentapproachhasbeenusedtodeterminetheassociatedrisk
ofadverseimpacts.
e. Consultationswithconcernedstakeholdersattheprojectlevelwithaffected
families,communities,localleaders,andvulnerablegroupswereconducted
for the purpose of disseminating information among the people and
obtainingtheirviews,commentsandconcerns.
12.9.3PotentialSocialImpacts
The proposed metro rail will have number of positive impacts like (i) generate
Employment opportunity (ii)economy growth(iii)mobility (iv)safety in travelling (v)
traffic congestion(vi)save fossil fuel (reduction in air pollution(vii)more systematic
and cheaper way of commute. At the same time the project may bring myriad
forms of adverse impact on socioeconomic condition of families/people who are
likely to be affected due to acquisition of land. The anticipated negative impacts
are:
(i)
lossofland,
(ii)
lossofstructures,
(iii)
lossoflivelihoods,
(iv)lossofresidence,
(iv)
Impactonvulnerablefamilies/persons,
(v)
Impactongender,
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(vii)lossofcommonpropertyandreligiousstructures.
12.9.3.1 LandRequirementandAcquisition
The project shall require the acquisition/transfer of 36.69 ha of land. Out of the
totalland,7.41haisgovernmentlandand29.28haisprivateland.Outofthetotal
government land, 2.31 ha is for permanent use and 16.78 ha is identified for
temporary use. The land identified for temporary use shall be returned to the
owning agencies after the completion of the project construction. The details of
landrequirementandacquisitionarepresentedinError!Referencesourcenotfound.
.
TABLE12.26:LANDREQUIREMENTANDAQUISTION(INHA)
Type of Land
Permanent
Temporary
Property
Corridor
Development
BHU to BHEL
Benia Park to
Sarnath
Government
1.07
3.00
Private
16.65
8.50
Government
1.24
2.10
Private
0.13
4.00
19.09
17.60
Total
0.34
3.07
3.41
Source: DPR
12.9.3.2 InventoryofAffectedStructures
Error! Reference source not found. indicates impact of the proposed project on the
different types of structures i.e. residential, commercial, religious structures and

commonproperties.About102structuresarelikelytobeaffected.Outofthetotal
structures affected, about 51 are commercial, 18 are residential, 24 are common
properties like public toilets, gardens, educational institutions, water tank, pond,
bus stops etc. About nine religious structures are also likely to be affected. It is
observedinbothcorridorsthatmajorityofpropertiesarecommercials.
TABLE12.27:DETAILSOFAFFECTEDSTRUCTURES
Corridor/Station
TypeofStructures
Residential Commercial Religious Common
structures property
CorridorI(BHUtoBHEL(19Km)
BHU
0
TulsiManas
2
Mandir
Total
9
2
2
3
1
1
12
8
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RatnakarPark
0
0
DurgaMandir
2
3
KashiVishwanath
0
18
BeniaBagh
0
1
RathYatra
0
1
Kashi
0
0
VidhyaPeeth
VaranasiCantt
0
2
Nadesar
0
1
Collectorate
0
0
Bhojubeer
8
3
GilatBazar
3
0
SangamColony
0
0
Shivpur
0
0
Tarna
0
1
BHEL
0
0
Subtotal
15
41
CorridorII(BeniaParktoSarnath(9Km)
Residential Commercial
BeniaBagh
Kotwali
MachodariPark
KashiBusDepot
Jalalipura
Punchkoshi
AsapurChowk
Havelia
Sarnath
Subtotal
Total
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
3
18
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
6
18
1
2
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
2
0
9
0
1
5
0
0
0
0
2
0
12
2
2
5
12
3
0
0
5
0
77
Religious
1
1
0
4
3
0
1
0
0
10
51
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
Common
property
0
1
2
4
1
0
3
0
1
12
24
Total
1
3
2
9
5
0
4
0
1
25
102
12.9.3.3 MagnitudeofImpactsonStructures
Themagnitudeofprojectimpactonthestructurescategorizedaspartiallyandfully
affected are presented here. On the basis of alignment drawings it was found
duringsitevisitthatoutoftotal102structures,about56structures(54.9%)willbe
fully affected and remaining about 46 structures (45.1%) will be partially affected
(Error!Referencesourcenotfound.).However,theexactnumberoffullyandpartially
affectedstructureswillbeknownafterpegmarkingonthegroundlevel.
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TABLE12.28:MAGNITUDEOFPROJECTIMPACTS
NameofCorridor
CorridorI(BHUtoBHEL
(19Km)
CorridorII(BeniaParkto
Sarnath(9Km)
Total
MagnitudeofImpacts
Partially
37
(48.1)
9
(36.0)
46
(45.1)
Fully
40
(51.9)
16
(64.0)
56
(54.9)
Total
77
(100)
25
(100)
102
(100)
12.9.3.4 ImpactonPAFs/PAPs
About69familiesconsistingabout345personsarelikelytobeaffectedduetothe
proposed metro project. Majority of families will be affected at Kashi
Vishwanath,BHU and Bhojubeer in corridorI. Corridor wise number of PAFs and
PAPsispresentedinError!Referencesourcenotfound..Exactnumberofaffectedand
displacedfamilies/personswillbefoundoutduringdetailedCensus/BaselineSocio
EconomicSurvey(BSES)afterpegmarkingofalignmentontheground.
TABLE12.29:IMPACTONPAFSANDPAPS
NameofCorridor
TotalPAFs
Total
Total
PAPs*
280
65
345
56
13
69
Source:FieldSurvey,2015
*NumberofPAPsiscountedbasedonaveragesizeoffamily.
Outofthetotal69families,43.5%areinthecategoryofTitleHolders(TH)andthe
remaining 56.5% are in Non Title Holders (NTH) category. The NTH category
includestenants,squattersandkiosks.Thesquattersandkiosksareonpublicland
without any legal permission. Corridor wise detail of title holders and nontitle
holdersaregiveninTABLE12.30.
TABLE12.30:TITLEHOLDERSANDNONTITLEHOLDERS
NameofCorridor
Titleholders
NonTitleholders
Total
Value
Percentage(%)
30
39
69
43.5
56.5
100
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TABLE 12.31 indicates that out of the total PAFs, about 18 PAFs shall be affected
physicallyastheirresidentialunitsaregettingaffectedduetotheproposedproject.
MajorityofPAFsarelikelytobeaffectedresidentiallyincorridorI.
TABLE12.31:LOSSOFRESIDENCE
NameoftheLocation
TotalPAFs
Residentially
AffectedFamily
56
15
13
3
Total
69
18
TABLE 12.32 indicates that out of total PAFs, there are 51 PAFs whose
business/livelihoods will be affected due to the loss of the commercial structures
visavisbusinessbaseinbothcorridors.Majority(41)ofcommercialPAFsarelikely
tobeaffectedincorridorI.About10PAFsarelikelytobeaffectedincorridorII.
TABLE12.32:LOSSOFLIVELIHOOD
NameoftheLocation
TotalPAFs
Commercially
AffectedFamily
56
13
69
41
10
51
Total
Source: Field Survey,2015
12.9.3.5 ImpactonCommunityandReligiousStructures
The proposed project shall also affect religious structures and common property
resources. TABLE12.33indicatesthatninereligiousstructures,sevenpublictoilets,
oneeducationalinstitutionandtwowatertanksshallbeaffected.Thesestructures
may not be saved as they are falling within the right of way and the corridor of
impact.Thesecommonpropertiesofthesamesizeandtypeshallberedeveloped
bytheprojectdeveloperatthedesiredplaceinconsultationwithlocalpeople.
TABLE12.33:LOSSOFCOMMONPROPERTYRESOURCES
NameoftheCorridors
CorridorI(BHUtoBHEL
(19Km)
CorridorII(BeniaPark
toSarnath(9Km)
Total
CommonPropertyResources
Religious Public Educational Water Others
structures toilet Institution Tank
Total
21
12
14
33
Source:PrimarySurveys,2015
February,2016
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12.9.4DemographicandSocioEconomicProfileofPAFs
Thesocioeconomicanalysisofsurveyedhouseholdhasbeenpresentedhere.The
data collected through sample socioeconomic survey generated demographic
and socioeconomic profile of project affected families. The data has been
compiledandpresentedintabularform.
12.9.4.1
GenderandSexRatio
The data on gender and sex ratio is very helpful indicator to know the
participatoryshareofmaleandfemaleinthesociety,whichisalsoanimportant
indicator for human development index. Among the surveyed population it is
observed that there are 55% are male and remaining 45% are female. It is
observed that male dominate in both corridors. The sex ratio is 819 per 1000
males.(TABLE12.34).
TABLE12.34:GENDERANDSEXRATIO
Slno.
Sex
Value
Percentage(%)
1.
Male
55
55.0
2.
3.
Female
SexRatio
45
45.0
819per1000males
12.9.4.2
ReligiousandSocialGroup
Data on religious groups were collected in order to identify people with the
specific religious belief among the surveyed families. The religious beliefs and
social affiliation of the people are indicators that help understand cultural
behaviour of the groups. The social and cultural behaviour will help understand
the desires and preferences of PAPs, which is a prerequisite to rehabilitate the
affected people and their families. TABLE 0.35 shows that only two religions are
followed in the study area viz., Hindu and Muslims. The study result shows that
about96%ofthesurveyedfamiliesareHindufollowedbyMuslim(4%).Majority
offamiliesareHinduinbothcorridors.
TABLE 0.35:RELIGIOUSGROUP
Slno.
1
2
Total
Religious
Hindu
Muslim
Value
31
1
32
Percentage(%)
96.0
4.0
100
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TABLE 12.36 discloses information about social affiliation of a group. The social
affiliation of the group differentiates them for benefits under government

schemes. Social groups indicate ranking within the society, preferences and
vulnerability. In general, the families belonging to Scheduled Castes (SCs) and
Scheduled Tribes (STs) under the provisions of Constitution of India get
preferentialtreatmentinthegovernmentbenefitsbecausethegroupincludesthe
peoplewhoaretraditionallyvulnerable.Exceptgeneralcategory,allothergroups
need attention and to be addressed for their backward socioeconomic
conditions. The survey results show that about 54% belong to General Caste
followedbyScheduledCastes(25%)andOtherBackwardCaste(21%).
TABLE 12.36:SOCIALGROUP
Slno.
1
2
3
4
Total
Socialgroup
Value
8
0
7
17
32
SC
ST
OBC
General
Percentage(%)
25.0
0
21.0
54.0
100
12.9.4.3
MotherTongueandPlaceofNativity
ItwasfoundinbothcorridorsthatallsurveyedfamiliesspeakHindiasamother
tongue. Majority of surveyed families are from Uttar Pradesh followed by Bihar
state.
12.9.4.4
AgeGroup
Thepersonsofsurveyedfamilieshavebeencategorizedintofiveagegroups.The
distributionofpersonsageinvariousgroupshowsthat28%ofthetotalpersons
belongtobelow18years,about32%belongtothe1835yearsagegroupthatis
potentiallyproductivegroup.About9%oftotalpersonsbelongtoabove60years.
About37%oftotalsurveyedpersonsaredependent(TABLE12.37).
TABLE 12.37:AGEGROUPOFPAPS
SlNo.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Total
AgeGroup
>5yrs
5to18yr
18to35yr
35to60yr
Above60
Value
Percentage(%)
4
24
32
31
9
100
4.0
24.0
32.0
31.0
9.0
100.0
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12.9.4.5
MaritalStatus
The marital status of the surveyed family members is indicated under three
categoriesmarried,unmarried,andother(widow/widower,separated,divorced).
It is observed that out of total surveyed people, majority of them (53%) are
married,47%areunmarried.
TABLE 12.38:MARITALSTATUSOFPAPS
Slno.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
12.9.4.6
Maritalstatus
Married
Unmarried
Divorced
Separated
Widow/Wodower
Total
Value
53
47
0
0
0
100
Percentage(%)
53.0
47.0
0
0
0
100.0
FamilyPatternandFamilySize
Family Pattern and Family Size indicate the fabrics of sentimental attachment
among the family members, social value, economic structures and financial
burdens.ItisobservedfromtheTABLE12.39thatmajorityofsurveyedfamiliesare
joint(56%)followedbynuclear(31%).
TABLE 12.39:FAMILYPATTERN
Slno.
1.
2.
3.
Familypattern
Joint
Nuclear
Individual
Total
Value
18
10
4
32
Percentage
56.0
31.0
13.0
100.0
Family size has been classified into three categories i.e. individual, small (24),
medium(57)andlarge(7&above). TABLE 12.40showsthatmajorityoffamilies
(71%)aresmallinsizefollowedby20%familiesarelargetypeandremaining9%
familieshavetheirmembersbetweenfivetoseven.
TABLE 12.40: SIZEOFFAMILY
Slno.
1.
2.
3.
SizeofFamily
Small(24)
Medium(57)
Large(above7)
Total
Value
23
3
6
32
Percentage
71.0
9.0
20.0
100.0
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12.9.4.7
EducationalAttainment
Educationisatoolforverticalmobilityinthesociety.Itprovidesanopportunityto
participateintheprocessofgrowthanddevelopments.However,italsocreates
differencesamongpeopleandintroducesanewkindofinequalitybetweenthose
whohaveitandthosewhodonot.Inallthecases,educationisabasicneedand
the best indicator of socioeconomic development of a region. The analysis
indicatesthatoutofthetotalsurveyedpeople,about6.2%areilliterate.Sofaras
educational attainment is concerned 14.6% are educated up to primary class,
27.1%areeducateduptosecondary,and28.1%havestudieduptoHighSchool
level.Otherthanthis,about24%ofpersonshaveattainedtechnicaleducation.It
isobservedthatabout6.2%oftotalsurveyedpersonsareilliterate(TABLE12.41).
TABLE 12.41: EDUCATIONALATTAINMENTOFPAPS
Slno.
1.
2.
3.
4
4.
12.9.4.8
Educations
Illiterate
primary
Secondary
Higher
Technical
Total
Value
6
14
26
27
23
96
Percentage(%)
6.2
14.6
27.1
28.1
24.0
100.0
EconomicConditions
The economic condition of PAFs describes occupational pattern, family income,

employment information and number of earning and dependent members. The
occupational pattern includes work in which the head of the project affected
families are involved. The family income includes income of all the earning
members. The earning members include the people who work and earn to
contributetothefamily;howeverdependentsincludehousewife,children,elderly
peopleandotherswhocannotworkandearn.
About 47% of surveyed families reported less than Rs.5000/ monthly income.
About 28% of families monthly income is between Rs.500110000, 12.5% of
families income is between Rs.10001 to 20000/, 12.5% of families income is
between Rs.20001 to 40000. The average income of a family is Rs.10079/ per
month. Average family expenditure is Rs.10000/ per month. On an average
earningmemberperfamilyistwo(TABLE12.42).
TABLE 12.42: FAMILYMONTHLYINCOME
Slno.
Income
1.
Below5000
2.
5001to10000
Value
15
9
Percentage(%)
47.0
28.0
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3.
4
5.
10001to20000
20001to40000
Above40000
Total
12.9.4.9
4
4
0
32
12.5.0
12.5.0
0.0
100.0
OccupationalPattern
Occupational pattern of the surveyed persons is recordedto assess their skill so

that income generationplan can be preparedaccordingly for alternative income
generating scheme. Secondly, occupational pattern helps in identifying
dominatingeconomicactivityinthearea.Thesurveyresultsin Table12.43shows
thatmajorityofsurveyedpersonsareemployedinbusinessandtradeactivities.
OutofthetotalsurveyedPAPs,about63%ofthemareinvolvedinbusiness,25%
areingovernmentserviceandremaining12%areengagedinotheractivities.Itis
observed in both corridors that majority of PAPs are involved in business/trade
activities.
Table 12.43:OCCUPATIONALPATTERNOFPAFS
Slno.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Source
Value
0
20
8
4
32
Labour
Business/trade
Govtservice
others
Total
Percentage(%)
0
63.0
25.0
12.0
100.0
12.9.4.10
VulnerableGroups
As per the multi/bilateral funding agencies like JICA and World Bank guidelines
vulnerablegroupisdefinedasindigenouspeople,ethnicminorities,thepoorest,
women,theaged,thedisabledandothersocially/economicallyvulnerablegroups
whowouldbeadverselyaffectedfromaproject.Asregardsvulnerabilityamong
surveyedPAFs,thereare11familiesbelongtovulnerablecategory.Outofthese
about one family is women headed households, eight families are Scheduled
Castes, five families are below the line of poverty including women headed and
scheduledcastehouseholds.
12.9.4.11
GenderIssues
One womanheaded household among the surveyed vulnerable families was

found. About 45 percent of total surveyed population is female. Socioeconomic
parameters like literacy, work force participation rate and general health
conditions etc. reveals that social status of women is low respectively, thereby
brought forward the scope of considering the families headed by women as
vulnerable.
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The proposed project is expected to open up new economic opportunities for

women to upgrade their skills and also better accessibility to educational and
health facilities. Women as a segregated class are not involved in any economic
activity,whichdemandsattentionfortheirspecialneeds.Toensurethatwomen
are secure in receiving payments all benefits will be provided in jointaccount
where the woman will be the first beneficiary accounts. During discussion with
PAPs, women members of the family are also consulted. Consultations with
womenwillbecarriedoutduringprojectimplementationstagetoprovidemore
opportunitiestothemtovoicetheirconcernsandsuggestions.
12.9.4.12
AwarenessandOpinionabouttheProject
During socioeconomic survey, some questions were asked to the families

regardingtheawareness,sourceofinformationandopinionabouttheproposed
metrorailproject.Thefindingsofthesurveywithregardstoawareness,sourceof
informationandopinionabouttheproposedprojectispresentedinTABLE12.44.
TABLE12.44:OCCUPATIONALPATTERNOFPAFS
S.No
1
1.1
1.2
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
3
Description
Value
Percentage(%)
Awarenessabouttheproposedmetrorailproject
Yes
20
62.5
No
12
37.5
SourceofInformation
NewsPapers
10
31.3
TV
8
25.0
Others(survey)
14
43.7
Opinionabouttheproject
Good
24
75.0
Bad
2
6.3
Cantsay
6
18.7
12.9.5 PublicConsultationandParticipation
The consultant will conduct preliminary public consultation at project affected
locations with the objectives of minimizing probable adverse impacts of the
projectandtoachievespeedyimplementationoftheprojectthroughgenerating
awarenessamongthelocalpeopleinVaranasicity.
12.9.6 ResettlementPolicy,FrameworkandEntitlementMatrix
The applicable laws on land acquisition, rehabilitation and resettlement for the
proposedmetrorailprojectare:
Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in land acquisition,

RehabilitationandResettlementAct,2013(RTFCTLARRAct).
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Government Order (G.O) of Government of Uttar Pradesh bearing no.

24/2015/387/811550LDA/204 specifically for LMRP Project dated
04.02.2015. This is in accordance with provisions of Section 46 of the Act,
2013 formulating a committee of officials from relevant Government
departmentsfordeterminationofnegotiatedpriceforlandacquisition.
Inaddition,multi/bilateralfundingagenciesguidelinesisalsoadoptedsince
theODAloanmaybeutilisedfortheimplementationoftheproject.
The Entitlement Matrix
An Entitlement Matrix (TABLE 12.45 & TABLE 12.46) has been developed in
compliance with National Laws. The entitlement matrix summarizes the types of
lossesandcorrespondingnatureandscopeofentitlements.PAPswhoaresquatters
and not legal titleholder of land and buildings shall also be eligible for R&R if
enumeratedduringthecensussurvey.Therefore,thedateofcompletionofcensus
surveyshallbetheCutoffDate.Itisonthisdatethatallimpactedpersonswillbe
identifiedandthenatureoftheimpactdisclosed.PAPswhosettleintheaffected
areas after the cutoff date will not be eligible for compensation and/or other
assistance. They, however, will be given sufficient advance notice, requested to
vacatepremisesanddismantleaffectedstructurespriortoprojectimplementation.
Theirdismantledstructureswillnotbeconfiscatedandtheywillnotpayanyfineor
suffer any sanction. The entitlement matrix presents the entitlements of the
affectedanddisplacedpeopleinthefollowingorder.
a)
b)
Entitlementfortitleholdersconsistingof
lossofprivateland;
Lossofprivateresidentialstructure;
Lossofprivatecommercialstructures;
Impacttotenants(residential/commercial/residentialcumcommercial)
EntitlementtoNonTitleholdersconsistingof
Impacttosquatters,encroachers,kiosks
c)
LossofEmploymenttoworkers/employees
d)
Assistancetoaffectedanddisplacedvulnerablepeople
e)
CommoninfrastructureandCommonPropertyResources(CPRs)
TABLE12.45:ENTITLEMENTMATRIX
(CompensationforLandAcquisition)
S.No
1.
2.
Categoryof
Impact
LossofLand
Lossofother
Eligibilityfor
Entitlement
Titleholder
Titleholder
LMRCAdoptedPolicy/Entitlement
Marketvalue/CirclerateasperstampAct.
Willbedeterminedonthebasisofvaluation
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3.
4.
immovable
assets(valueof
assetsattached
tolandor
building)
Solatiumforloss Titleholder
ofLand,
Structureand
otherimmovable
assets
Lossofother
immovable
assets(valueof
assetsattached
tolandor
building)
Squatters
byauthorizedexpertbasedonareplacement
value.
100%ofarrivedvalueoflandandbuilding.
Thecompensationiscalculatedforland,
structuresandsuchassetsattachedtothe
buildingorlandasapplicableandthetotalof
allconsideredbeforeconsideringthe
solatium,includinganytransactioncostsand
fees.
Onetimefinancialassistancebasedon
valuationofthepropertysubjecttoa
minimumofRs.25,000.
TABLE12.46:ENTITLEMENTMATRIX
(CompensationforRehabilitation)
S.No
Categoryof
Impact
Eligibilityof
Entitlement
1.
Construction
allowance
Displacedfamily
whoseresidential
structureislost
duetoacquisition
2.
Subsistencegrant Displacedfamily
fordisplaced
family
LMRCAdopted
Policy/Entitlement
Rs.1,50,000 willbegivento
displacedfamilywhosedwelling
unitsarelostcompletelyor
becomeunviabledueto
displacement.Theamounthas
beenworkedoutonthebasisof
constructionofhouseasper
IndraAwasYojanaofGOI.
OnetimepaymentofRs.36,000
shallbepaidtoeachDisplaced
Family.
DisplacedFamilybelongingtothe
ScheduledCastesorthe
ScheduledTribesorvulnerable
groupshallreceiveanamount
equivalenttofiftythousand
rupees.(Rs.50,000).Thisamount
isadditionaltosubsistencegrant.
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Additionally,Vulnerablegroups
whoareimpactedwillbe
extendedfacilityofSkill
ImprovementTraining.
3.
Transportation
cost
Displacedfamily
Onetimefinancialassistanceof
Rs.50,000forshiftingfamily,
buildingmaterial,belongingsand
cattleshallbegiventoeach
displacedfamily.
4.
Cattleshed/
pettyshopscost
AffectedFamily
EachAffectedFamilyhaving
cattleshedorhavingapettyshop
intheacquiredlandshallgetone
timefinancialassistancebasedon
valuationofthestructuresubject
toaminimumofRs.25,000for
reconstructionofcattleshedor
pettyshopoutofasthecasemay
be.
5.
Onetimegrantto AffectedFamily
artisan,small
tradersand
certainothers
EachAffectedFamilyofan
artisan,smalltraderorself
employedpersonoraDisplaced
Familywhichownednon
agriculturallandorcommercial,
industrialorinstitutional
structureintheaffectedarea,
shallgetonetimefinancial
assistancebasedonvaluation
subjecttominimumofRs.
25,000.
6.
Onetime
resettlement
allowance
AffectedFamily
EachAffectedFamilywillbegiven
aonetimeresettlement
allowanceofRs.50,000.
7.
Lossof
community
structures
Community
100%replacementcostofequal
type.
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12.9.7 InstitutionalFramework
TheGovernmentofUttarPradesh(GoUP)andGovernmentofIndia(GoI)willbe
the executing agency of the proposed Varanasi metro rail project. A Special
Purpose Vehicle (SPV) shall be set up by the GoUP for implementation of the
proposed metro rail project. The SPV will be headed by the Chairman cum
ManagingDirector(CMD)andhe/shewillbetheinchargeoftheoverallproject
activitiesandwillfacilitatelandacquisition,capacitybuildingandimplementation
ofRAP.ThePIUheadedbytheProjectDirector(PD)isresponsiblefortheoverall
execution of the project and planning and implementation of resettlement and
rehabilitation component of the project. The PIU will coordinate with all
implementingagenciesandmonitoringtheprogressoftheproject.Implementing
Agency will set up a Social Management Unit (SMU) which shall look after land
acquisition, resettlement and rehabilitation activities. A Social Development
Officer (SDO) with educational background of Social Work or Sociology will be
appointedinSMUasfulltimebyIA.TheSMUshallensurethatalllandacquisition
issues are handled according to the Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation &
Resettlementpolicy/guidelinesasitislaiddowninthisreport.Itwillalsomonitor
that all the procedural and legal issues involved in land acquisition are fulfilled.
The SMU will assist the IA for getting all the necessary clearances and
implementation of the resettlement activities prior to start of any civil work. A
Resettlement and Rehabilitation Officer (RRO) with background of social science
(SocialWorkorSociology)maybeappointedinthisSMUtosuperviseandmonitor
overallactivitiesofRAPandhe/shewillreportdaytodayprogresstoSDO.RRO
will also work closely with the District Collector to expedite the payment of
compensationforlandacquisitionandassistancetoAPs.TheRROwillformLocal
ResettlementCommittees(LRC)ineachprojectaffectedareasconsistingoflocal
representatives and other stakeholders including APs, women to assist in the
implementation of RAP activities within the project area. Some of the specific
functions of the SMU in regards to resettlement management will include the
following:
Overallresponsibilityofplanning,implementationandmonitoringofland
acquisition,resettlementandrehabilitationactivitiesintheproject;
EnsureavailabilityofbudgetforR&Ractivities;
Liaisonlinedagenciessupportforlandacquisitionandimplementationof
landacquisitionandresettlement;
CoordinatingwithlineDepartments.
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NGOwillbeappointedbyIAtoextendimplementationsupporttoIAintheform
ofassistingaffectedfamilies/personsduringrelocationandpreparationofIncome
RestorationPlan(IRP).TheNGOwillhelpeducatingPAPsonproperutilizationof
compensation and rehabilitation grant and help them in getting financial
assistance.
During implementation phase of RAP, IA will appoint a consultant(R&R) through
General Engineering Consultancy (GEC) to assist IA in implementation of
resettlement plan. The consultant will carry out due diligence in the
implementation of resettlement and rehabilitation programmes as per the
provisions of Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition,
Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 through periodic monitoring. The
consultant will be responsible for (i)preparation of database of affected
structures, families, persons, (ii)verification of database through field
survey,(iii)improve monitoring system,(iv)capacity building of implementation
staffs,(v)regularfollowupimplementationactivitiesandotherrelevantactivities.
Efficient grievance redressal mechanism will be developed to assist the PAPs
resolve their queries and complaints. Grievances of PAPs will be first brought to
theattentionoffieldlevelstaffsofIA.Grievancesnotredressedbythestaffs(field
level) will be brought to the Grievance Redressal Committee (GRC). The
composition of the proposed GRC will have representatives from PAPs, women
representative, Project Director (PIU), SDO (SMU of IA), NGO representative,
representative of local body, and Land Acquisition Officer (LAO). The main
responsibilitiesoftheGRCareto:(i)providesupporttoPAPsonproblemsarising
from land/property acquisition; (ii) record PAPs grievances, categorize, and
prioritizegrievancesandresolvethem;(iii)immediatelyinformtheSMUofserious
cases; and (iv)report to PAPs on developments regarding their grievances and
decisionsoftheGRC.
12.9.8 WorkSchedule
TheR&Ractivitiesoftheproposedprojectaredividedintothreebroadcategories
based on the stages of work and process of implementation. In the project
preparationstage,identificationofrequiredlandforacquisition,census&socio
economic survey, public consultation, preparation and review/approval of draft
RAP,disclosureofRAP,establishmentofGRCandpreparationofresettlementsite
shall be carried out. Activities like notification of land acquisition, valuation of
structure, payment by competent authority, shifting of PAPs shall be taken up
during RAP implementation. During monitoring and evaluation stage internal
monitoring will be carried out by IA and mid and end term evaluation will be
carriedoutbyanindependentevaluationagency,FIGURE12.8.
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FIGURE 12.8: RAP IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE FOR VARANASI METRO RAIL
February,2016
1266
12.9.9 MonitoringandEvaluationofRAP
RAP implementation will be monitored both internally and externally. IA will be
responsible for internal monitoring through their field level officers of Social
Management Unit and will prepare quarterly reports on the progress of RAP
implementation.AnIndependentEvaluationConsultantmaybehiredbyIAformid
andendtermevaluationofRAPimplementation.
InternalMonitoring
TheinternalmonitoringforRAPimplementationwillbecarriedoutbyIA.Themain
objectivesofinternalmonitoringareto:
MeasureandreportprogressagainsttheRAPschedule;
Verifythatagreedentitlementsaredeliveredinfulltoaffectedpeople;
Identify any problems, issues or cases of hardship resulting from the

resettlement process, and to develop appropriate corrective actions, or where
problemsaresystemicreferthemtothemanagementteam;
Monitortheeffectivenessofthegrievancesystem
Periodicallymeasurethesatisfactionofprojectaffectedpeople.
Internal monitoring will focus on measuring progress against the schedule of
actionsdefinedintheRAP.ActivitiestobeundertakenbytheIAwillinclude:
Liaison with the Land Acquisition team, construction contractor and project
affectedcommunitiestoreviewandreportprogressagainsttheRAP;
Verification of land acquisition and compensation entitlements are being

deliveredinaccordancewiththeRAP;
Verificationofagreedmeasurestorestoreorenhancelivingstandardsarebeing
implemented;
Verification of agreed measures to restore or enhance livelihood are being

implemented;
Identification of any problems, issues, or cases of hardship resulting from

resettlementprocess;
Throughhouseholdinterviews,assessprojectaffectedpeoplessatisfactionwith
resettlementoutcomes;
Collectionofrecordsofgrievances,followupthatappropriatecorrectiveactions
havebeenundertakenandthatoutcomesaresatisfactory.
February,20161267
Monitoringisacontinuousprocessandwillbecarriedoutbyfieldlevelofficersof
Social Management Unit on regular basis to keep track of the R&R progress. For
thispurpose,theindicatorssuggestedhavebeengiveninTABLE12.47.
TABLE12.47:INDICATORSFORMONITORINGOFRAPPROGRESS
Indicators
ParametersIndicators
Physical
Extentoflandacquired
Numberofstructuresdismantled
Numberoflandusersandprivatestructureownerspaid
compensation
Numberoffamiliesaffected
Numberoffamiliespurchasinglandandextentofland
purchased
NumberofPAPsreceivingassistance/compensation
NumberofPAPsprovidedtransportfacilities/shiftingallowance
Extentofgovernmentlandidentifiedforhousesites
Amountofcompensationpaidforland/structure
Cashgrantforshiftingoustees
Amountpaidfortrainingandcapacitybuildingofstaffs
Areaandtypeofhouseandfacilityatresettlementsite
PAPsknowledgeabouttheirentitlements
Communalharmony
Morbidity&mortalityrate
Takencareofvulnerablepopulation
Womenconcern
EntitlementofPAPsland/cash
Numberofbusinessreestablished
Utilizationofcompensation
Housesites/businesssitespurchased
SuccessfulimplementationofIncome
RestorationSchemes
Numberofcommunitylevelmeeting
NumberofGRCmeetings
NumberofcasesdisposedbyIAtothesatisfactionofPAPs
NumberofgrievancesreferredandaddressedbyGRC
CasesofLAreferredtocourt,pendingandsettled
Financial
Social
Economic
Grievance
IndependentEvaluation
Asmentionedearlier,anIndependentEvaluationAgency(IEA)willbehiredbyIA
formidandendtermevaluation.Theexternalevaluationwillbecarriedoutto
achievethefollowing:
Verifyresultsofinternalmonitoring,
Assesswhetherresettlementobjectiveshavebeenmet,specifically,whether
livelihoodsandlivingstandardshavebeenrestoredorenhanced,
February,20161268
Assess resettlement efficiency, effectiveness, impact and sustainability,

drawinglesionsasaguidetofutureresettlementpolicymakingandplanning,
and
Ascertain whether the resettlement entitlements were appropriate to

meeting the objectives,and whether the objectives were suited to affected
personsconditions,
This comparison of living standards will be in relation to the baseline

information available in the BSES. If some baseline information is not
availablethensuchinformationshouldbecollectedonrecallbasisduringthe
evaluation.
ReportingRequirement
IA will be responsible for supervision and implementation of the RAP. IA will
prepare quarterly progress reports on resettlement activities. The Independent
EvaluationAgencywillsubmitdraftandfinalreportsoftheirassignmenttoIAand
determine whether resettlement goals have been achieved, more importantly
whether livelihoods and living standards have been restored/ enhanced and
suggest suitable recommendations for improvement. Submission of the draft
report would be carried out after completion of assignment and the final report
shouldbesubmittedafterreceivingfeedbackfromIA.
12.9.10 CostEstimateofR&R
The cost for implementation of Resettlement and Rehabilitation Plan of two
corridors of Varanasi Metro is presented in TABLE 12.48. The total cost for R&R
implementationplanisRs.4.158crore.Thecostforprivatelandandstructureshas
beenincludedincapitalestimateofDPR.
TABLE12.48:COSTFORRESETTLEMENT&REHABILITATION*
Sl.No.
Description
Unit
Quantity
Rate
(Rs.)
Amount
(Rs.incrore)
Compensationforlossofprivatelandandstructurehasbeenpresentedin
capitalestimateofDPR
CompensationforTitleholders
B
ResidentialPAFs

C
Subsistenceallowance
no
8
36000
0.029
D
Transportationallowance
no
8
50000
0.040
E
ResettlementAllowance
no
8
50000
0.040
F
CommercialPAFs
G
Subsistenceallowance
no
22
36000
0.079
February,20161269
Sl.No.
H
I
Description
Unit
Quantity
Transportationallowance
no
22
LossofSmalltraders/self
no
22
employment
J
ResettlementAllowance
no
22
CompensationforNonTitleholders
Squatters
K
Onetimefinancialassistance
no
39
AssistanceforSCs,STsorVulnerable
group
L
AdditionalSubsistence
no
26
Allowance
TrainingforSkillDevelopment
M
TrainingAssistance(LS)
no
26
CompensationforCommunity
Structures
N
Religiousstructures(LS)
no
9
O
PublicToilets(LS)
no
7
EngagementofNGO
P
NGOCost(LS)
no
1
Monitoring&Evaluation
Q
CostofIndependent
1
EvaluationAgency(LS)
Total(B+C+D+E+F+G+H+I+J+K+L+M+N+O+P+Q)
Miscellaneousitems@10%ofsubtotal
TOTAL
Rate
(Rs.)
50000
25000
50000
25000
Amount
(Rs.incrore)
0.110
0.055
0.110
0.098
50000
0.130
15000
0.039
2000000
1000000
3500000
2000000
1.800
0.700
0.350
0.200
3.780
0.378
4.158
*R&R cost is calculated as per the Resettlement Policy Framework of Lucknow Metro Rail
CorporationprovidedbyLMRC,Lucknow.
February,20161270

Varanasi Metro's Environmental Impact

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Varanasi Metro's Environmental Impact

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DetailedProjectReportforRailBasedMassTransitSysteminVaranasi

The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 (Amendment

Physiography: Varanasi or Banaras also known as Kashi is one of theoldest

Hydrogeological Characteristics: The city, a part of Central Ganga Alluvial Plain, is

MARCH APRIL MAY

Based on project particulars and existing environmental conditions, positive

With the implementation two corridors of Varanasi Metro, travel time of

Although environmental hazards related to construction works are mostly of

During construction period, complete/partial traffic diversions on road will be

No archaeological monuments are directly affected. Some of the Archaeological

Construction noise may disturb people at home, in office buildings or retail

The Department of Forests, Government of Uttar Pradesh is responsible for the

The rooms shall be well insulated to enhance the efficiency of air

from any transport, handling, construction or storage activity to remain

In addition, locations where the alignment is close to sensitive structures, the

Information dissemination about the construction method, probable effects,

To conserve and augment the storage of groundwater, it has been proposed to

Sewage/Effluent Pollution Control: Sewage will be generated from depot which

Rain water harvesting: To conserve and augment the storage of groundwater, it

It is recommended that VMRC establishes an Environment Division at the initial

Disaster is an unexpected event due to sudden failure of the system, external

Communication System: This has to be worked out in consultation with local

Emergency Lighting: The emergency lights operated on battery power should be

Fire Protection: The building materials should be of appropriate fire resistance

construction and project proponent is responsible to review/audit the health and

different types of structures i.e. residential, commercial, religious structures and

affiliation of the group differentiates them for benefits under government

The economic condition of PAFs describes occupational pattern, family income,

Occupational pattern of the surveyed persons is recordedto assess their skill so

One womanheaded household among the surveyed vulnerable families was

The proposed project is expected to open up new economic opportunities for

During socioeconomic survey, some questions were asked to the families

Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in land acquisition,

Government Order (G.O) of Government of Uttar Pradesh bearing no.

The Entitlement Matrix

FIGURE 12.8: RAP IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE FOR VARANASI METRO RAIL

Identify any problems, issues or cases of hardship resulting from the

Verification of land acquisition and compensation entitlements are being

Verification of agreed measures to restore or enhance livelihood are being

Identification of any problems, issues, or cases of hardship resulting from

Assess resettlement efficiency, effectiveness, impact and sustainability,

Ascertain whether the resettlement entitlements were appropriate to

This comparison of living standards will be in relation to the baseline

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