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9) If you were to examine the profile of a typical river, you would probably find that the gradient
is ________.
A) steepest near the mouth
B) steepest near the head
C) the same at both the head and mouth
D) none of these
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Topic: 5.3 Streamflow
Bloom's: Understanding
10) ________ make up the suspended loads of most rivers and streams.
A) Dissolved ions and sand
B) Dissolved salts
C) Silt and clay-sized, detrital grains
D) Sand and gravel that move during floods
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: 5.4 The Work of Running Water
Bloom's: Remembering
11) At a bend in a river, the main erosion is ________.
A) on the outside of the bend
B) on the inside of the bend
C) both outside and inside the bend
D) at an oxbow lake
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: 5.5 Stream Channels
Bloom's: Understanding
12) ________ describes the total sediment load transported by a stream.
A) Capacity
B) Discharge
C) Competence
D) Hydro-load factor
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: 5.4 The Work of Running Water
Bloom's: Remembering
13) At the head of a delta, the major channel splits into smaller channels that follow different
paths to the sea. These smaller channels are known as ________.
A) endotributaries
B) exotributaries
C) distributaries
D) cotributaries
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: 5.8 Depositional Landforms
Bloom's: Remembering
14) A natural levee is ________.
A) an erosional feature
B) a depositional feature
C) essentially parallel to its stream channel
D) both a depositional feature and essentially parallel to its stream channel
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Topic: 5.8 Depositional Landforms
Bloom's: Understanding
15) Downcutting (also known as rejuvenation) of a stream may be due to ________.
A) rising of sea level
B) uplift of land
C) a decreased gradient
D) thermal expansion
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Topic: 5.7 Shaping Stream Valleys
Bloom's: Understanding
16) The suspended load of a stream ________.
A) is deposited before the bed load
B) is highly soluble substances
C) moves along the bottom
D) usually consists of fine particles
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Topic: 5.4 The Work of Running Water
Bloom's: Remembering
17) A ________ stream pattern is developed only on growing mountains like volcanoes or where
the land surface is tectonically doming upward.
A) radial
B) dendritic
C) boreal
D) trellis
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: 5.9 Drainage Patterns
Bloom's: Remembering
18) A ________ stream pattern develops on lands underlain by alternating bands of resistant and
less-resistant rock.
A) dendritic
B) radial
C) trellis
D) boreal
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: 5.9 Drainage Patterns
Bloom's: Remembering
19) The most common drainage pattern is ________.
A) dendritic
B) radial
C) trellis
D) boreal
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: 5.9 Drainage Patterns
Bloom's: Remembering
20) ________ is an abandoned, cutoff, meander loop.
A) A bulltrail
B) An oxbow
C) A cowhock
D) A gatorback
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Topic: 5.5 Stream Channels
Bloom's: Remembering
21) A stream begins at an elevation of 200 meters and flows a distance of 400 kilometers to the
ocean. What is the average gradient?
A) 2 m/km
B) 2 km/m
C) 0.5 m/km
D) 0.5 km/in
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: 5.12 Distribution and Movement of Groundwater
Bloom's: Applying
22) ________ are characteristics of downcutting streams and a youthful stage of valley
evolution.
A) Rapids and lots of whitewater
B) Wide floodplains
C) U-shaped, cross-valley profiles
D) Meandering channels and natural levees
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: 5.7 Shaping Stream Valleys
Bloom's: Remembering
23) ________ generally constitutes the highest percentage of the annual sediment load moved by
a stream.
A) Bed load
B) Dissolved load
C) Suspended load
D) Saltation load
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: 5.4 The Work of Running Water
Bloom's: Remembering
24) A ________ drainage pattern is common in areas where the bedrock is criss-crossed by a
series of joints and/or faults.
A) dendritic
B) rectangular
C) circular
D) trellis
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Topic: 5.9 Drainage Patterns
Bloom's: Remembering
25) Which of the following features characterize meandering streams and valleys?
A) natural levees; broad floodplains
B) rapids; channel bed potholes
C) waterfalls; entrenched meanders
D) V-shaped valley cross sections
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: 5.8 Depositional Landforms
Bloom's: Understanding
26) As stream discharge increases ________.
A) velocity, width, and depth increase
B) only velocity increases
C) velocity, width, and depth decrease
D) only depth increases
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: 5.3 Streamflow
Bloom's: Applying
27) The single most important erosional agent is ________.
A) running water
B) wind
C) ice
D) waves
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: 5.4 The Work of Running Water
Bloom's: Remembering
28) Permeable rock strata or sediment that transmit groundwater freely are called ________.
A) perched water tables
B) aquitards
C) springs
D) aquifers
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Topic: 5.12 Distribution and Movement of Groundwater
Bloom's: Remembering
29) ________ would have the largest capacity to naturally remove sewage pollutants.
A) Fractured granite
B) Well-sorted, coarse gravel
C) Slightly clayey sand
D) Limestone with solution channels and caverns
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: 5.16 Environmental Problems Associated with Groundwater
Bloom's: Applying
30) When water is pumped from a well, a depression is often produced in the water table. Such a
depression is a(n) ________.
A) perched water table
B) pumping dimple
C) cone of depression
D) artesian well
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: 5.14 Wells
Bloom's: Remembering
31) Which one of the following concerning artesian wells is NOT true?
A) The well penetrates an aquifer overlain by an aquitard.
B) The well penetrates an aquifer underlain by an impermeable bed.
C) The aquifer is generally inclined, and it is saturated to an elevation above the point where the
well penetrates the aquifer.
D) When the well penetrates the aquifer, the water rises to the bottom of the aquitard above the
aquifer.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Topic: 5.15 Artesian Wells
Bloom's: Understanding
32) Which of the following is associated with areas of karst topography?
A) sinkholes
B) soluble rock
C) caverns
D) all of these
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Topic: 5.17 The Geologic Work of Groundwater
Bloom's: Understanding
33) A ________ is the icicle-like speleothem that grows down from the roof of a cavern.
A) stalandite
B) stalactite
C) stalagmite
D) slagdite
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Topic: 5.17 The Geologic Work of Groundwater
Bloom's: Remembering
34) ________ is the volume of voids or open space in a rock or unconsolidated material.
A) Permeability
B) Space yield
C) Porosity
D) Saturation index
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: 5.12 Distribution and Movement of Groundwater
Bloom's: Remembering
35) The water table is ________.
A) a boundary between unsaturated bedrock and an underground river
B) a boundary between unsaturated bedrock below and saturated bedrock above
C) an underground mass of partly saturated rock
D) a boundary between saturated rock below and unsaturated rock above
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Topic: 5.12 Distribution and Movement of Groundwater
Bloom's: Remembering
36) An artesian well is one in which ________.
A) the water is warm, fairly saline, and recharged by an affluent stream
B) pressurized groundwater rises from a deep, unsaturated aquifer
C) water rises above the top of the aquifer without any pumping
D) the well is horizontal and the water table is perched
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: 5.15 Artesian Wells
Bloom's: Remembering
10
Word Analysis. Examine the words and/or phrases for each question below and determine the
relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the option which does not fit the
pattern.
41) gradient
velocity
Answer: capacity
Diff: 2
Topic: 5.3 Streamflow
Bloom's: Understanding
capacity
discharge
delta
floodplains
44) stalagmite
soda straw
sinkhole
Answer: sinkhole
Diff: 1
Topic: 5.17 The Geologic Work of Groundwater
Bloom's: Understanding
45) porosity
permeability
aquitard
Answer: aquitard
Diff: 2
Topic: 5.12 Distribution and Movement of Groundwater
Bloom's: Understanding
channelization
stalactite
aquifer
46) The capacity of a stream measures the maximum size of particles it is capable of
transporting.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Topic: 5.4 The Work of Running Water
Bloom's: Remembering
47) Gradients usually decrease downstream in a major river system.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Topic: 5.3 Streamflow
Bloom's: Remembering
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62) For a well to be characterized as being artesian, water must flow freely at the surface.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Topic: 5.15 Artesian Wells
Bloom's: Understanding
63) Most hot springs in the United States are located in the southeast, especially Georgia.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Topic: 5.13 Springs
Bloom's: Remembering
64) The formation of stalactites and stalagmites occurs in the zone of saturation.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Topic: 5.17 The Geologic Work of Groundwater
Bloom's: Understanding
65) Lowering of the water table around a pumping well results in a cone of infiltration.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Topic: 5.14 Wells
Bloom's: Remembering
66) One environmental problem associated with groundwater is land subsidence caused by
withdrawal.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Topic: 5.16 Environmental Problems Associated with Groundwater
Bloom's: Remembering
67) Karst topography is most commonly associated with areas underlain by massive sandstone
strata.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Topic: 5.17 The Geologic Work of Groundwater
Bloom's: Understanding
68) The source of heat for most hot springs is hot igneous material beneath the surface.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Topic: 5.13 Springs
Bloom's: Remembering
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69) Sinkholes are actively forming in portions of the southeastern United States.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Topic: 5.17 The Geologic Work of Groundwater
Bloom's: Remembering
70) The lowest elevation limiting stream erosion is called ________.
Answer: base level
Diff: 1
Topic: 5.6 Base Level and Stream Erosion
Bloom's: Remembering
71) ________ is the boundary line separating adjacent stream drainage basins.
Answer: A stream divide
Diff: 1
Topic: 5.2 Running Water
Bloom's: Remembering
72) ________ is defined as the drop in elevation of the stream surface divided by the distance the
water flows.
Answer: Gradient
Diff: 1
Topic: 5.3 Streamflow
Bloom's: Remembering
73) ________ is the total quantity of sediment carried by a river.
Answer: Capacity
Diff: 1
Topic: 5.4 The Work of Running Water
Bloom's: Remembering
74) ________ is the quantity of water flowing past a certain stream cross section per unit time.
Answer: Discharge
Diff: 1
Topic: 5.3 Streamflow
Bloom's: Remembering
75) What stream characteristic is measured by the size of the largest particle that a stream can
move?
Answer: competence
Diff: 1
Topic: 5.4 The Work of Running Water
Bloom's: Understanding
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83) Which slender, conical speleothem grows from water dripping from the ceiling of a cavern?
Answer: stalactite
Diff: 1
Topic: 5.17 The Geologic Work of Groundwater
Bloom's: Remembering
84) A stream flowing into a sinkhole is called a(n) ________.
Answer: disappearing stream
Diff: 1
Topic: 5.17 The Geologic Work of Groundwater
Bloom's: Remembering
85) A(n) ________ is a circular to elliptical, closed depression in karst areas.
Answer: sinkhole
Diff: 1
Topic: 5.17 The Geologic Work of Groundwater
Bloom's: Remembering
86) The unsaturated zone above the water table is also known as the ________.
Answer: zone of aeration, vadose zone
Diff: 1
Topic: 5.12 Distribution and Movement of Groundwater
Bloom's: Understanding
Critical Thinking and Discussion. Use complete sentences, correct spelling, and the
information presented in Chapter 5 to answer the questions below.
87) When examining the geology of a region for potential aquifers, what characteristics or
factors would you consider? Also, what areas (based on natural and human factors) would you
avoid?
Answer: One would be looking for unconsolidated sediments of uniform particle size and a high
water table. One would avoid crystalline rock unless it was highly fractured, and one would
avoid, as much as possible, any areas where contamination might occur.
Diff: 3
Topic: 5.12 Distribution and Movement of Groundwater
Bloom's: Evaluating
17
88) Where would the words "head," "mouth," "steep gradient," and "gentle gradient" be located
on the diagram below?
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89) On the spaces below, name the type of drainage pattern that is shown in each illustration.
(A) ________
(B) ________
(C) ________
(D) ________
Answer: (A) rectangular
(B) trellis
(C) dendritic
(D) radial
Diff: 2
Topic: 5.9 Drainage Patterns
Bloom's: Remembering
19
90) On the cutaway sides of the illustration below, areas shaded light represent the zone of
aeration, and areas that are darkly shaded represent the zone of saturation. All rock types are
aquifers except for the labeled aquitard. On the blanks provided, fill in the name of the labeled
features.
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91) What is the name of the localized lowering of the water table shown in the diagram below?
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