Dr Sneha Deepak Mallya

Demography and Family Planning

What is demography? Scientific study of human population
What does Demography help in?
O Changes in the population size
O Composition of the population
O Distribution of the population
Sources of demographic statistics in India
O Census
O Sample Registration System
O Registration of Vital Events
Population of India
O 1.2 billion
Age and gender distribution

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Shape of the pyramid- broad base, tapering top, signifies developing country
Overall Sex ratio
Sex ratio 0-4 yrs(male child preference, female feticide , infanticide)
Dependency ratio :ratio of combined age groups 0-14 plus >65 yrs to the 15-64
Young dependency ratio (0-14) and Old dependency ratio(>65 years)

Sex ratio : Number of females per 1000 males

India

Karnataka

940

968

Literacy rate
O

For population relating to seven years age and above

Literate
O

can read and write with understanding in any language

India

Karnataka

Male

82.14

82.85

Female

65.46

68.13

Total

74.04

75.60

Crude Birth and Death rates

O

Crude Birth Rate:

Number of live births during the year x 1000

Midyear population
O

Crude Death Rate:

Number of deaths during the year x 1000

Midyear population
India

Karnataka

Crude Birth Rate

21.8

18.8

Crude Death Rate

7.1

7.1

Growth rate
O

Crude birth rate-crude death rate=Decadal growth rate

Decadal growth rate/10 = Average annual exponential growth rate = 1.64 for India (Census
2011)
General Fertility Rate
Number of live births in an area during the year x 1000

Midyear female population age (15-44 or 49) in the same area in same year

India (SRS 2011)

Karnataka (SRS 2011)

81.2

65.8

General Marital Fertility Rate

Number of live births in a year x 1000
Midyear married female population in the age group 15-49 year
India

Karnataka

114.4

93.9

Age Specific Marital Fertility Rate

Number of live births in a particular age group x 1000

Midyear married female population of the same age group

O
O

What is family planning?

Practices that help couples to attain certain objectives
Objectives of Family planning
Planning pregnancy, spacing, regulating number of children
Eligible couples
Currently married couple wherein wife is in the reproductive age (15-45 years of age)
Couple Protection Rate(CPR)
Percent of eligible couples effectively protected against child birth by one or the other
approved methods of family planning
Contraceptive methods
Preventive methods to help women avoid unwanted pregnancies
Temporary methods/Spacing methods
Barrier methods
O Physical methods
O Chemical methods
O Combined methods
2. Intra uterine devices
3. Hormonal methods
4. Post conceptional methods
5.Miscellaneous (Abstinence, Coitus interruptus, Safe period, Natural ,Breast feeding)
Terminal methods
Male sterilization
Female sterilization