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Recall:

( + ) ()
() =
0

If 1 is a particular number in the domain of ,


(1 + ) (1 )
(1 ) =
0

represents the increment of , i.e.,


In the formula above, let 1 + =
Thus, 0 is equivalent to 1

Hence, to solve (1 ), we can also use

(1 ) =

()(1 )
1

which is less tedious to do since we need not evaluate


(1 + ) anymore.
Example: Given: () = 2 2 + 3. Solve for (2).

Therefore,
(1 + ) (1 )
(1 ) =
0

or

( ) (1 )
(1 ) =
1
1

DIFFERENTIABILITY AND CONTINUITY


Recall:
Differentiation is the operation of deriving from a function .
Remarks:
1. If a function has a derivative at 1 , the function is said to be
differentiable at 1 .
2. A function is differentiable on an open interval if it is
differentiable at every number in the open interval.
3. If a function is differentiable at every number in its domain, it
is called a differentiable function.

Examples:

1. In () =

3+
13

; () = (

10
13)2

Explain why is a differentiable function.

2. Given: () = , ) =
(

1
3

3 2

Is differentiable at 0?
Is a differentiable function?
Is a differentiable at the open interval (0,+)?

Theorem:
If a function is differentiable at 1 , then is continuous at 1 .
Examples:
y

1. Given: () =
()

3+
,
13

10
(13)2

a. Is differentiable at 1?
b. Is continuous at 1?

2. Given: () = , () =

3 2

a. Is continuous at 0?
b. Is differentiable at 0?
1

3. Show that () = is not continuous


at = 0 and that it is also not

differentiable at = 0.

Remarks:
1. Differentiability at a number implies continuity at the
number.
2. Continuity at a number does not imply differentiability at
the number.
3. If a function is not continuous at 1 then it is not
differentiable at the number.

Definition of a One-Sided Derivative


1. If the function is defined at 1 , then the derivative from
the right of at 1 , denoted by + (1 ) , is defined by
f ( x1 h) f ( x1 )
f ' ( x1 ) lim
h
h 0

f ( x) f ( x1 )
f ' ( x1 ) lim
x x1
x x1

if the limit exists

2. If the function is defined at 1 , then the derivative from


the left of at 1 , denoted by (1 ) , is defined by
f ( x1 h) f ( x1 )
f ' ( x1 ) lim
h
h 0

f ( x) f ( x1 )
f ' ( x1 ) lim
x x1
x x1

if the limit exists

Remark:
A function defined on an open interval containing 1 is
differentiable at 1 if and only if + (1 ) and (1 ) both exist
and are equal.
Examples:
1. Show that () = || is continuous at 0 but not
differentiable at 0.
2. Given: () = |1 2 |
Show that is continuous at 1 but not differentiable at 1.

() = |1 2 |

() = ||

Exercises:
For each item, do the following:
a.

Sketch the graph of the function

b.

Determine if the function is continuous at 1

c.

Find (1 ) and + (1 ) if they exist

d.

Determine if the function is differentiable at 1

+ 2 ; 4
1. () = {
6 ; > 4

1 = 4

; 0
(
)
2. = { 2
; > 0

1 = 0

2 3 ; 2
2
3. () = {
8 11 ; > 2

1 = 2

4. () = 1 + | + 2|

1 = 2

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