BACIS OF MEASUREMENT AND UNCERTAINTY

Hangger Citra Aryo K. Nurul Qisthi *). Nurul Wahdah. Rismiyana. St. Rahma M.

Fundamental Physics Laboratory Department Of Physics Mathematic and Natural

Sciences
Universitas Negeri Makassar 2015

Abstract. It has been done on the basic physics lab "Basic Measurements and uncertainty". We aims
to be able to know how to use basic measurement tools. determine uncertainty. understanding use of
significant figures. to understand numbers mean and aims to find out how to determine the SSV.
deviation. and absolute error in instruments used. In this lab measurements carried out three activities:
1. Measure the length. width. and height of the beam and measure the diameter of the small balls using
a ruler. vernier caliper and srew micrometer that which has absolute uncertainty () different as bar
has a = 0.5 mm. 0.05 mm caliper and micrometer screw of 0.005 mm and saw on it can be concluded
that the micrometer screw has excellent accuracy than ruler and calipers; 2. Measure mass of beam and
small ball by using a balance ohauss 2610 g. 311 g balance ohauss. and balance ohauss 310 g has a
different balance as well as ohauss 2610 g have a = 0.05 g; balance ohauss 0.005 g and 311 g 310 g
balance ohauss 0.01 g and balance ohauss 311 g having very good accuracy; 3. Measure the time and
temperature by using a thermometer which has SSV is 1skala. stopwatch has SSV is 0.1 s/scale.
measuring cups. tripod. gauze. bunsen &water.Time and temperature carried out once in 300
second. Measurement length. width. height & mass as much as 3 times that the research data about the
actual value (Xo) getting better and right.
Keywords: accuracy. deviation. uncertainty of measurement.

PROBLEM FORMULATION :
1. How do I use the basic measuring tools?
2. How to determine uncertainty in measurement of single and recurrent?
3. What is numbers mean?
PURPOSE :
1. Know how to use the basic measuring tools
2. Know the determine the uncertainty on measurement ofsingle and recurrent
3. Know the numbers mean
BRIEF THEORY
Meaning measurement

Measurement is part of the Science Process Skills which is an information gathering

both quantitative and qualitative. By performing measurements. can be obtained magnitude
or value of a quantity or qualitative evidence.
The precision and accuracy of measurement
Accuracy.
If a quantity is measured how many times (multiple measurements) and produce
prices that spread around the actual price then the measurement is said to be "accurate". On
this measure. the average price closer to the actual price.
Precision.
If the measurement results is concentrated in a particular area then called precision
measurements (each measurement price is not much different).
Important numbers
1. All the figures are not zero are significant figures.
2. Zeros are located between non-zero figure includes significant figures.
Example: 25.04 A contains four significant figures
3. Zeros on the right number is not zero. including significant figures. unless there are other
explanations. such as a line under the last digit is still considered important.
Example: 22.30 m containing four significant figur es
22.30 m contains three significant figures
4. Zeros are located on the left digit is not zero. either on the right or on the left of the
decimal comma excluding angak important.
Example: 0.47 cm contains two significant figures.
Measurement Uncertainty
Uncertainty bersistem
Uncertainty (error) applying will cause the results deviate from actual
results. Applying sources of uncertainty include:
1. Error calibration tool; it can be seen by comparing it with other tools.
2. Zero point error.
3. Damage appliance components. such as springs that have been used so that it becomes
elastic again.
4. Friction.
5. Parallax error.
6. Errors due to the current state of working conditions at the time the tool is calibrated in
contrast to conditions at the time the tool works.
Uncertainty Random
This error comes from the symptoms may not be controlled or overcome such
changes take place very quickly so that the controlling and regulating beyond the

capabilities.This uncertainty causes the measurement falls slightly to the left and to the right
of the actual values. Sumbe-random sources of uncertainty include:
1. Error estimating part scale.
The first source of uncertainty in the measurements is the limited scale of the
measuring instrument. A smaller price than the value of the smallest scale measuring
devices (SSV) can no longer be read. so do estimates. That is. some uncertainty has
infiltrated the measurement results.
There are three (3) the deciding factor in terms of assessment. namely:
a. Distance physical (Physical Distance) between two adjacent scratches.
b. Smooth or rough needle.
c. Separating power (Resolving Power) the human eye.
d. Fluctuating state. meaning that the rapidly changing circumstances of the time. For
example. a strong electric current. voltage PLN nets. and other voltage source that is
always changing irregularly.
e. Random motion (Brownian motion) air molecules. This motion causes the needle
designation of very fine gauge to be disturbed.
f. Vibrating foundation.
g. Noisy (Noise). the interference with the electronic device in the form of rapid
fluctuations in voltage due to the increased temperature of the component tool works.
h. Background radiation such as cosmic radiation from outer space.
Measurement Uncertainty Analysis
Single Measurement
A single measurement is a measurement performed one time only
Repeated measurements (Multiple)
By conducting repetition. our knowledge of the actual value (X o) getting better and
better. Repetition should be held as often as possible. the more often the better. but it is
necessary to distinguish between repetitions several times (2 or 3 times only) and repetition
are quite often (10 times or more).
Table 1. List of substances Massa type.
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Substance name
Water (temperature 4)
Alcohol
Mercury / mercury
Aluminum
Iron
Gold
Ice
Brass

Massa Type (g / cm 3)
1
0.8
13.6
2.7
7.9
19.3
0.92
8.4

Mass type (kg / m 3)

1000
800
13600
2700
7900
19300
920
8400

9.
10
11.
12.

Silver
Platinum
Zinc
Solid chalk

10.5
21.45
7.14
2.611

10500
21450
7140
2611

EXPERIMENTAL METHOD
Tools and materials
1. Ruler
2. Vernier calipers
3. Micrometer screw
4. Balance Ohauss 2610 grams
5. Balance Ohauss 311 grams
6. Balance Ohauss 310 grams
7. Thermometer
8. Stopwatch
9. Measuring cup
10. Tripod
11. Kasa
12. Bunsen burner
13. Water
14. Beam
15. Small ball
Work procedures
Activity 1
First ruler. caliper and micrometer screw is then determined SSV taken
her. Furthermore. the beam is taken and measured each three times to determine panjag.
width. and height. Furthermore. the small ball is taken and measured each three times to
determine its diameter. Then the measurement results are recorded in Table observations
accompanied by uncertainty.
Activity 2
First of all balance ohauss 2610 grams. 310 grams ohauss balance. and the balance of
311 grams ohauss taken then determined his SSV. Furthermore beams and solid ball were
taken to measure its mass many repeated three times. Then the measurement results are
recorded in Table observations accompanied by uncertainty.
Activity 3
First thermometer and stopwatch is taken and measured its SSV. Then the measuring
cup. Bunsen burners complete with tripod and asbestos coating it with a thermometer
prepared.Furthermore. the measuring cup filled with water to part and placed on three legs

then Bunsen burner is placed just below the beaker and burned to take the initial
temperature.After the initial temperature is taken. then the stopwatch is prepared as a means
of measuring time. Further changes in the temperature is read on the thermometer recorded at
intervals of one minute to five times the retrieval of data in the table observations
accompanied by uncertainty.
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND ANALYSIS DATA
Observation result
1. MEASUREMENT LONG
Smallest Scale Vaule (SSV) Ruler :
SSV Vernier calipers :

SSV srew micrometer :

1
10

= 0.1 cm = 1 mm

20 Nonius Scale = 39 Main Scale

3.9
1 Nonius Scale = Main Scale
20
= 1.95 mm
SSV
= 2 1.95
= 0.05 mm

SSV =

0.5
50

=
= 0.01 mm

Tabel 1. The result of measurement length

Nu.

Measured
object

Magnitude
is
measured
Length

Beam

Width

Height

Ball

Diameter

Results Measurements (mm)

Ruler

Vernier calipers

Micrometer screw

= | 19.5 0.5 |

= | 20:05 0.05 |

= | 20.035 0.005 |

= | 19.5 0.5 |

= | 20.05 0.05 |

= | 20.035 0.005 |

= | 20.0 0.5 |

= | 20.00 0.05 |

= | 20.035 0.005 |

= | 19.5 0.5 |

= | 20:05 0.05 |

= | 20.035 0.005 |

= | 19.5 0.5 |

= | 20.05 0.05 |

= | 20.035 0.005 |

= | 20.0 0.5 |

= | 20.00 0.05 |

= | 20.035 0.005 |

= | 19.5 0.5 |

= | 20.05 0.05 |

= | 20.035 0.005 |

= | 19.5 0.5 |

= | 20.05 0.05 |

= | 20.035 0.005 |

= | 20.0 0.5 |

= | 20.00 0.05 |

= | 20.035 0.005 |

= | 19.0 0.5 |

= | 20.90 0.05 |

= | 20.460 0.005 |

= | 19.0 0.5 |

= | 20.90 0.05 |

= | 20.460 0.005 |

= | 19.0 0.5 |

= | 20.90 0.05 |

= | 20.460 0.005 |

2. MASS MEASUREMENT
a. Balance Ohauss 2610 grams
The value of the scale arm 1 =
The value of the scale arm 2 =
The value of the scale arm 3 =

100
10
500
5
10
100

= 10 grams
= 10 grams
= 0.1 grams

The mass of the load hung = 0 gram

Table 2. The results of measurements of the mass with the balance ohauss 2610 grams
Thing
Beam

Ball

Value of the Value of the Value of the Mass of the

Massa benda (g)
scale arm 1
scale arm 2
scale arm 3
load hung
20
20
20
30
30
30

0
0
0
0
0
0

2.4
2.4
2.4
2.2
2.2
2.2

0 gram
0 gram
0 gram
0 gram
0 gram
0 gram

| 22.40 0.05 |
| 22.40 0.05 |
| 22.40 0.05 |
| 32.20 0.05 |
| 32.20 0.05 |
| 32.20 0.05 |

b. Balance Ohauss 311 grams

Value Scale value 1 = 100 grams
Value Scale arms 2 = 10 grams
Value Scale arm 3 = 1 gram
Value Scale arm 4 = 0.01 gram
Table 3. Results of mass measurements with the balance of 311 grams Ohauss
Object

Beam

Ball

Indica.
Arm 1

Indica.
Arm 2

Indica.
Arm 3

Indica.
Arm 4

0
0
0

20
20
20

2
2
2

0.54
0.54
0.54

0
0
0

30
30
30

2
2
2

0.61
0.62
0.62

Body
(g)
| 22.540
0.005 |
| 22.540
0.005 |
| 22.540
0.005 |
| 32.610
0.005 |
| 32.620
0.005 |

mass

| 32.620
0.005 |
c. Ohauss 310 grams
Value Scale arm 1 = 100 grams
Value Scale arms 2 = 10 grams
Rotate Value Scale = 0.1 g
Nonius scale number = 10
SSV Ohauss scale 310 =
10 Nonius Scale = 1.9 Main Scale
1 Nonius Scale = 0.19 Main Scale
= 0.19 grams
SSV
= 0.2 0,19
= 0.01 grams
Table 4. Results of mass measurements with the balance of 311 grams Ohauss
Indica.
Indica.
Indica.
Designation
Object
Nonius
Body mass (g)
Arm 1
Arm 2
Scale Play
scale
0
20
2.4
0.01
| 22.41 0.01 |
Beam
0
20
2.4
0.03
| 22.43 0.01 |
0
20
2.4
0.01
| 22.41 0.01 |
0
30
2.4
0.08
| 32.48 0.01 |
Ball
0
30
2.4
0.08
| 32.48 0.01 |
0
30
2.4
0.08
| 32.48 0.01 |
3. Time and Temperature Measurement
10
Thermometers SSV = 10 = 1 skala
Stopwatch SSV = 0.1
Initial temperature (T 0) =
Table 5. The results of the measurement of time and temperature
Nu.

Time (s)

Temperature ( C)

Temperature
Change ( C)

1.

| 60.0 0.1 |

| 39.5 0.5 |

| 4. 5 1 |

2.

| 120.0 0.1 |

| 43.5 0.5 |

|41|

3.

| 180.0 0.1 |

| 47.5 0.5 |

|41|

4.

| 240.0 0.1 |

| 51.5 0.5 |

|41|

5.

| 300.0 0.1 |

| 55.5 0.5 |

|41|

Data Analysis

A. Measurement Length Beam

1. Using Ruler
a. Length

1+2+3
3
19.5+19.5+20.0
=
3

= 19.7 mm
1 = | p1 | = | 19.5 19. 7 | = 0.2 mm
2 = | p2 | = | 19.5 19. 7 | = 0.2 mm
3 = | p3 | = | 20.0 19. 7 | = 0.3 mm
max =0.3 mm
p = 0.3 mm
So, p = | | = | 19.7 0.3 | mm
b. Width
1+2+3

=
=

3
19.5+19.5+20.0
3

= 19.7 mm
1
= | l1 | = | 19.5 19.7 | = 0.2 mm
2
= | l2 | = | 19.5 19.7 | = 0.2 mm
3
= | l3 | = | 20.0 19.7 | = 0.3 mm
max =0.3 mm
l = 0.3 mm

So, l = | | = | 19.7 0.3 | mm

c. Height
1+2+3

=
3
19.5+19.5+20.0
=
3

= 19.7 mm
1 = | t1 | = | 19.5 19.7 | = 0.2 mm
2 = | t2 | = | 19.5 19.7 | = 0.2 mm
3 = | t3 | = | 20.0 19.7 | = 0.3 mm
max =0.3 mm
t = 0.3 mm
So, t = | | = | 19.7 0.3 | mm
2. Using Vernier calipers
a. Length
1+2+3
3
20.05+20.05+20.00
=
3

1
2
3

= 20.03 mm
= | p1 | = | 20.05 20.03 | = 0.02 mm
= | p2 | = | 20.05 20.03 | = 0.02 mm
= | p3 | = | 20.00 20.03 | = 0.03 mm

max =0.03 mm
p = 0.03 mm
So, p = | | = | 20.03 0.03 | mm
b. Width
1+2+3

=
=

3
20.05+20.05+20.00
3

= 20.03 mm
1 = | l1 | = | 20.05 20.03 | = 0.02 mm
2 = | l2 | = | 20.05 20.03 | = 0.02 mm
3 = | l3 | = | 20.00 20.03 | = 0.03 mm
max =0.03 mm
l = 0.03 mm

So, l = | | = | 20.03 0.03 | mm

c. Heigth
1+2+3

=
3
20.05+20.05+20.00
=
3

= 20.03 mm
1 = | t1 | = | 20.05 20.03 | = 0.02 mm
2 = | t2 | = | 20.05 20.03 | = 0.02 mm
3 = | t3 | = | 20.00 20.03 | = 0.03 mm
max =0.03 mm
t = 0.03 mm
So, t = | | = | 20.03 0.03 | mm
3. Using Srew Micrometer
a. Length

1+2+3
3
20.035+20.035+20.035
=
3

= 20.035 mm
1 = | p1 | = | 20.035 20.035 | = 0.000 mm
2 = | p2 | = | 20.035 20.035 | = 0.000 mm
3 = | p3 | = | 20.035 20.035 | = 0.000 mm
max =0 mm
p = 0.005 mm
So, p = | | = | 20.035 0.005 | mm
b. Width
1+2+3

=
3
20.035 +20.035+20.035
=
3

1
2

= 20.035 mm
= | l1 | = | 20.035 20.035 | = 0.000 mm
= | l2 | = | 20.035 20.035 | = 0.000 mm

3 = | l3 | = | 20.035 20.035 | = 0.000 mm

max =0.000 mm
l = 0.005 mm

So, l = | | = | 20.035 0.005 | mm

c. Heigth
1+2+3

=
=

3
20.035 +20.035 +20.035
3

= 20.035 mm
1 = | t1 | = | 20.035 20.035 | = 0.000 mm
2 = | t2 | = | 20.035 20.035 | = 0.000 mm
3 = | t3 | = | 20.035 20.035 | = 0.000 mm
max =0.000 mm
t = 0.005 mm
So, t = | | = | 20.035 0.005 | mm
B. Seek Volume Ball
1. Ruler
a. Results of calculation
V =
= (19.7 x 19.7x 19.7) mm
V = 7645.4 mm3
b. Uncertainty
V =

dp+ dl

dt

+
+

=
+
+

= + +

= + +

=
+
+

=
+ +

=
+ +

V = {| | + | | + | |}
0.3 mm3

0.3 mm3

0.3 mm3

={|19.7 mm3 | + |19.7 mm3| + |19.7 mm3|} 7645.4 mm3

=|0.015+ 0.015+0.015| 7645.4 mm3

= |0.045|7645.4 mm3
V = 344.0 mm3
c. Numbers Mean
KR =
KR =

V
x 100%
V
344.0 mm3

7645.4 mm3

100% = 4.5%

( 3 AB )

d. The calculation results are reported

V = |V V|
= |7645.4 344.4|mm3
3

V = |7.64 0.34|103 mm
2. Vernier Calipers
a. Results of calculation
V =
= (20.03 x 20.03x 20.03) mm
V = 8040.03 mm3
b. Uncertainty

V = {| | + | | + | |}

0.03mm3

0.03mm3

0.03mm3

={|20.03mm3 | + |20.03mm3 | + |20.03mm3|} 8040.03 mm3

=|0.0015 + 0.0015 + 0.0015| 8040.03 mm3
= |0.0045|8040.03 mm3
V =36.18mm3
c. Numbers Mean
KR =
KR =

V
x 100%
V
36.18mm3

8040.03mm3

100 % = 0.44 % ( 4 AB )

d. The calculation results are reported

V = |V V|
= |8040.03 36.18|mm3
3

V = |8.040 0.036|103 mm
3. Srew Micrometer
a. Results of calculation
V =
= (20.035 x 20.035 x 20.035) mm
V = 8042.073 mm3
b. Uncertainty

V = {| | + | | + | |}

0.005 mm3

0.005mm3

0.005mm3

={|20.035 mm3| + |20.035 mm3 | + |20.035 mm3 |} 8042.073 mm3

=|0.0002+0.0002+0.0002| 8042.073 mm3
= |0.0006|8042.073 mm3
V = 4.825 mm3
c. Numbers Mean
KR =
KR =

V
x 100%
V
4.825 mm3
8042.073 mm3

100 % = 0.059 % ( 4 AB )

d. The calculation results are reported

V = |V V|
= |8042.073 4.825|mm3
3

V = |8.042 0.004|103 mm
C. Measurement Diameter of Ball
1. Using Ruler
1+2+3
=
=

3
19.0+19.0+19.0
3

= 19.0 mm
1 = | d1 | = | 19.0 19.0 | = 0.0 mm
2 = | d2 | = | 19.0 19.0 | = 0.0 mm
3 = | d3 | = | 19.0 19.0 | = 0.0 mm
max =0.0 mm
d = 0.5 mm

So, d = | | = | 19.0 0.5 | mm

2. Using Vernier Calipers
1+2+3
=
3
20.90+20.90+20.90
=
3

= 20.90 mm
1 = | d1 | = | 20.90 20.90 | = 0.00 mm
2 = | d2 | = | 20.90 20.90 | = 0.00 mm
3 = | d3 | = | 20.90 20.90 | = 0.00 mm
max =0.00 mm
d = 0.05 mm

So, d = | | = | 20.90 0.05 | mm

3. Using Srew Micrometer
1+2+3
=
3
20.460+20.460+20.450
=
3

= 20.457 mm
= | d1 | = | 20.460 20.457 | = 0.003 mm

2 = | d2 | = | 20.460 20.457 | = 0.003 mm

3 = | d3 | = | 20.450 20.457 | = 0.007 mm
max =0.007 mm
d = 0.007 mm

So, d = | | = | 20.457 0.007 | mm

D. Seek Volume of Ball
1. Ruler
a. Results of calculation
V

=
=

1
3
6
1
(3.14)
6

(19.0)3

= (0.52) (6859)
= 3566.7 mm3
b. Uncertainty
V

= 6 3

dV =| |
1
6

( 3)

dV =|

dV =2 2 dd
1
2

V =| |

=|2 1

= | 3
=|3

|V

0.5
| 3566.7
19.0

mm3

=|0.08|3566.7mm3
=281.6 mm3
c. Numbers Mean
KR =
=

100%

281.6 mm3
3566.7 mm3

100% = 7.9

d. The calculation results are reported

V = | |
= | 3566.7 281.6 | mm3
= | 3.5 0.2 | 103 mm3
2. Vernier Calipers
a. Results of calculation
V

1
3
6

( 2 AB )

= 6 (3.14) (20.90)3
= (0.52) (9129.33)
= 4747.25 mm3
b. Uncertainty
= | 3
=|3

|V

0.05
| 4747.25
20.90

mm3

= |0.007| 4747.25 mm3

=34.07 mm3
c. Numbers Mean
KR =
=

100%

34.07
.100%
4747.25

= 0.71 %

( 3 AB)

d. The calculation results are reported

V = | |
= | 4747.2511 40.7737 | mm3
= | 4.74 0.04|103 mm3
3. Srew Micrometer
a. Results of calculation
V

=
=

1
3
6
1
(3.14)
6

(20.457)3

= (0.520) (8561.026)
= 4451.733 mm3
b. Uncertainty
= | 3
=|3

|V

0.007
| 4451.733
20.457

mm3

=|0.001|4451.733mm3
= 4.569mm3
c. Numbers Mean
KR =
=

100%

4.569
100%
4451.733

= 0.1 %

d. Hasil perhitunganyang dilaporkan

V = | |
= | 4451.7334.569| mm3
= |4.451 0.045|103 mm3
E. Measurement Mass of Beam
1. Using Balance ohauss 2610 grams

( 4 AB )

1+m2+m3
3
22.40+22.40+22.40
=
3

= 22.40 grams
1 = | m1
| = | 22.40 22.40 | = 0.00 gram
2 = | m2
| = | 22.40 22.40 | = 0.00 gram
3 = | m3
| = | 22.40 22.40 | = 0.00 gram
max =0.00 gram
m = 0.05 grams
So, m = |
| = | 22.40 0.05 | grams
2. Using Balance ohauss 311 grams

1+m2+m3
3
22.540+22.540+22.540
=
3

= 22.540 grams
1 = | m1
| = | 22.540 22.540 | = 0.000 gram
2 = | m2
| = | 22.540 22.540 | = 0.000 gram
3 = | m3
| = | 22.540 22.540 | = 0.000 gram
max =0.000 gram
m = 0.005 grams
So, m = |
| = | 22.540 0.005 | grams
3. Using Balance ohauss 310 grams

1+m2+m3
3
22.41+22.41+22.41
=
3

= 22.41 grams
1 = | m1
| = | 22.41 22.41 | = 0.00 gram
2 = | m2
| = | 22.41 22.41 | = 0.00 gram
3 = | m3
| = | 22.41 22.41 | = 0.00 gram
max = 0.00 gram
m = 0.01 gram
So, m = |
| = | 22.41 0.01 | grams
F. Measurement Mass of Ball
1. Using Balance ohauss 2610 gram

1+m2+m3
3
32.20+32.20+32.20
=
3

= 32.20 gram
= | m1
| = | 32.20 32.20| = 0.00 gram
= | m2
| = | 32.20 32.20| = 0.00 gram
= | m3
| = | 32.20 32.20| = 0.00 gram
=0.00 gram
m = 0.05 gram
So, m = |
| = | 32.20 0.05 | gram
2. Using Balance ohauss 311 gram
1
2
3
max

1+m2+m3
3

32.610+32.620+32.620
3

= 32.617 gram
1 = | m1
| = | 32.610 32.617 | = 0.007 gram
2 = | m2
| = | 32.620 32.617 | = 0.003 gram
3 = | m3
| = | 32.620 32.617 | = 0.003 gram
max =0.007 gram
m = 0.007 gram
So, m = |
| = | 32.617 0.007 | gram
3. Using Balance ohauss 310 gram

1+m2+m3
3
32.48+32.48+32.48
=
3

= 32.48 gram
1 = | m1
| = | 32.48 32.48 | = 0.00 gram
2 = | m2
| = | 32.48 32.48 | = 0.00 gram
3 = | m3
| = | 32.48 32.48 | = 0.00 gram
max
=0.00 gram
m = 0.01 gram
So, m = |
| = | 32.48 0.01 | gram
G. Seek Mass Type of Beam
With Using massa From Balance ohauss 311 g
1. Mass Type From Data Ruler
a. Results of calculation

=
22.41 gram

= 7645.4 mm3
= 0.00293 g/mm3
b. Uncertainty

= =
+ 1

1
1
=
+

1
= 1 + 2
1
2
=
+

1
2
=

1
1

=
+

=
+

= {| | + | |}
0.01

344.0

={|22.41| + |7645.4|} 0.00293 g/mm3

= {|0.0004|+|0.04|}0.00293 g/mm3
= |0.045|0.00293 g/mm3
= 0.00013 g/mm3
c. Numbers Mean
KR =
=

100%

0.00013
100%
0.00293

= 4.5 %

( 3 AB )

d. The calculation results are reported

= | |
= | 0.00293 0.00013| g/mm3
= |2.93 0.13|10-3 grams/mm3
2. Mass Type From Data Vernier Calipers
a. Results of calculation

=
22.41 gram

= 8040.03 mm3
= 0.0027 g/mm3
b. Uncertainty

= {| | + | |}
0 .01

36.18

={|22.41| + |8040.03|} 0.0027 g/mm3

= {|0.0004|+|0.004|} 0.0027 g/mm3
= |0.0048|0.0027 g/mm3
= 0.000013 g/mm3
c. Numbers Mean
KR =
=

100%

0.000013
100%
0.0027

= 0.4 %

d. Hasil perhitunganyang dilaporkan

= | |
= | 0.0027 0.000013| g/mm3
= |2.700 0.013|10-3 g/mm3
3. Mass Type From Data Srew Micrometer
a. Results of calculation

=
=

22.41 gram
8042.073 mm3

( 4 AB )

= 0.002 g/mm3
b. Uncertainty

| + | |}

0.01
4.825
={|
| + |8042.073 |}
22.40

= {|

0.002 g/mm3

= {|0.004|+|0.0005|} 0.002 g/mm3

= |0.0009|0.002 g/mm3
= 0.000001 g/mm3
c. Numbers Mean
KR =
=

100%

0.000001
100%
0.002

= 0.09%

( 4 AB )

d. Hasil perhitunganyang dilaporkan

= | |
= | 0.002 0.000001| g/mm3
= |2.000 0.001|10-3 g/mm3
H. Seek Mass Type of Ball
1. Mass Type From Data Ruler
a. Results of calculation

=
32.48 gram

= 3566.7mm3
= 0.009 g/mm3
b. Uncertainty

| + | |}

0.01
281.6
={|
| + |3566.7|}
32.48

= {|

0.009 g/mm3

= {|0.0003|+|0.078|} 0.009 g/mm3

= |0.078|0.009 g/mm3
= 0.0007 g/mm3
c. Numbers Mean
KR =
=

100%

0.0007
100%
0.009

= 7.95 %

d. Hasil perhitunganyang dilaporkan

= | |
= | 0.009 0.0007 | g/mm3
= |9.0 0.7|10-3 g/mm3
2. Mass Type From Data Vernier Calipers
a. Results of calculation

( 2 AB )

=
=

32.48 gram
4747.25mm3

= 0.006 g/mm3
b. Uncertainty

= {| | + | |}
0.01

34.07

={|32.48| + |4747.25|} 0.006g/mm3

= {|0.0003|+|0.007|} 0.006 g/mm3
= |0.007|0.006 g/mm3
= 0.00004 g/mm3
c. Numbers Mean
KR =
=

100%

0.00004
100%
0.006

= 0.8 %

( 3 AB )

d. Hasil perhitunganyang dilaporkan

= | |
= | 0.006 0.00004| g/mm3
= |6.00 0.04|10-3 g/mm3
3. Mass Type From Data Srew Micrometer
a. Results of calculation

=
=

32.48 gram
4451. 733mm3

= 0.007 g/mm3
b. Uncertainty

= {| | + | |}
={|

0.01
4.569
| + |445.733|}
32.617

0.007g/mm3

= {|0.0003|+|0.010|} 0.007 g/mm3

= |0.010|0.007 g/mm3
= 0.00007 g/mm3
c. Numbers Mean
KR =
=

100%

0.00007
100%
0.007

=1%

d. The calculation result are reported

= | |
= | 0.007 0.00007| g/mm3
= |7.00 0.07|10-3 g/mm3

( 3 AB )

DISCUSSION
Experiments on the basis of measurement and the uncertainty is intended to
determine how to use the basic measuring tools, determine uncertainty, understanding the use
of significant figures, to understand the numbers mean and aims to find out how to determine
the SSV, deviation, and absolute error in measuring instruments used.
At the first measurement, measurement of the length, width, and height of the beam
and the diameter of the small ball using three such tool is the ruler, caliper and micrometer
screws. In this measurement performed repeated measurements three times as many as there
is uncertainty on the measurement results of different tools such as the ruler uncertainty 0.5,
have uncertainties 0.05 caliper and micrometer screw uncertainty of 0.005. On the results of
our analysis are relative errors are different also where the ruler has a relative error of 4.5%,
calipers have a relative error of 12:44% and the micrometer screw has a relative error of
0.05%. And views on the results of the uncertainty and the relative error can be concluded
that the micrometer screw has a precision and accuracy is very good because it is consistent
with the theory that if the smaller the relative uncertainty and error, the more precise and
higher the precision is.
In the second measurement, measurement of the mass of the beam and a small ball
using three tools which include the balance sheet is ohauss 2610 grams, 311 grams and
ohauss balance sheet ohauss 310 grams. At this measurement also repeated measurements
carried out as many as three times the measurement. Where such measurements yield relative
error and uncertainty are different. Diliat on results relative error and uncertainty can be
concluded that the balance of 311 grams ohauss has good accuracy and precision.
In the third measurement, measurement of time and temperature using a thermometer
and stopwatch. This measurement is done on a single measurement of only one
measurement. The measurement is carried out for 300 second and the temperature change is
recorded every 60 second. At a temperature of initially obtained 35, after the 60 seconds of
the first data obtained and produce a temperature change of 4.5 and the second to fifth minute
temperature changes occurred at 4. After the fifth minute after showed that the temperature
changes that occur in these experiments is not a constant. This can happen due to various
factors that could affect the measurement of temperature and time such as less meticulous
observer, the flame is not constant and others.
Based on the analysis of our density, where the density of the beam on the measuring
instrument has a mass of different types of which is 2.93 g / cm 3, 2.7 g / cm 3, and 2 g /
cm 3. And diliat in Table 1 at a short theory can be seen that the beams used in this
experiment are made of aluminum. While the small ball, also has a density of which varies
depending on the measuring tool, where its density is 9 g / cm 3, 6 g / cm 3, and 7 g /
cm 3. And it can be concluded that the small balls that are used in this experiment are made of
iron. At the density of small iron balls have a little difference because during the experiment
using a small ball, there is paper attached to the small ball and the resulting mass increases.

CONCLUSION
From this measurement experiments can be concluded that the measurement
of the length, width, height and diameter can be used by using a ruler, vernier caliper and
micrometer screws. At the time of the mass measurement, a tool that can be used is to
balance ohauss 2610 grams, balance ohauss 311 grams, and balance ohauss 310 grams. At the
time of measurement can be used a tool such as a stopwatch and temperature measurement
can use a thermometer.
And from the measurement results using these tools we already be aware of
uncertainty in the measurement of single and repeated and already can understand the use of
numbers means .The uncertainty in a single measurement can be done in a way if the distance
between two scratches can still be halved, when it can not be divided by two, the uncertainty
derived from the SSV tool, while the recurring uncertainties can be done by finding the
greatest deviation or average deviation of a measurement result. Numbers means may be
determined or influenced by the relative uncertainty of the results.

REFERENCES
Anonymous. 2012. "Understanding Mass Type A substance". Http://www.rumusfisika.com/2012/10/mengenal-massa-jenis-suatu-zat.html. Retrieved on Saturday, November
14th, 2015 at 15:00 pm.
UNM Faculty Physics Laboratory. 2015. Basic Physics Lab Module 1, Publisher
UNM. Makassar.