CHAPTER III

TOURISM AN OVERALLVIEW
3.1INTRODUCTION
Tourism In this chapter an attempt has been made to study the scenario of
tourism activity at all India level, at state level namely Tamil Nadu and also at the
District level, from where the area of the study namely Dindigul district has been
selected. In the first part of this chapter namely Tourism in India, the progress of the
tourism in the five year plans, the receipts from tourism in India comparing with the
tourism receipts all over the world, tourists arrivals in India from all over the world, have
been described briefly.
In the second part namely Tourism in Tamil Nadu, the important tourist centers
and tourist arrivals including both domestic and foreign at various tourist centers in the
state Tamil Nadu have been discussed.
3.2 TOURISM IN INDIA
Since Indian culture is one of the ancient cultures in the world in which the
culture elements of the remotest past continue to live in the present. So tourism in India is
primarily a cultural tourism. Even now religious tourism contribute more to the
development of humanism, than to the way of life. Because of this type of tourism
existing at present could be a religious tourism too. In the field of tourism, India occupies
an enviable position, with five thousand years of history, geographical diversity, heritage
and culture and has now reached a stage where she can recognized as a leading tourist
destination. The traditional stereotype image of India as a cultural destination is being
replaced with a more vibrant image of diversified tourism product. India offers an
incredibly wide range of tourist attractions like snow-capped mountains, beautiful
beaches, wild life sanctuaries, adventure spots and above all, a rich cultural heritage.
There has been a growing awareness among the people and in the country about the
1

importance of tourism and this amply manifested to the increasing plan allocations year
after year.
India is rich in tourist resources in terms of diverse religions and customs,
traditional folk dances, native arts and crafts and scenic beauty centers.
A land with a long and deep historical past, and accordingly, a wide variety of
customs, communities, religions, and ideologies, India is a favourite choice of many
travelers. Several foreign invasions and influences have resulted in various artistic and
structural depictions, suggestive of the respective influences. These depictions comprises
the various tourist places in India, which are, in turn, some of the prime reasons for the
advent of thousands of tourists to this country of universal appeal.
Owing to the variety that the country of India exudes in terms of climate, culture,
topography, cuisine, art and architecture, you will have at your disposal a number of
tourist places in India deserving a visit or tour.
India is one of the amazing destinations for vacations that offer different blends
that praise each one of us favour. The history of India goes back no less than 5000 years,
making it one of the most cultured and fascinating tourist destinations throughout the
world. The scenic hills stations, ladakhs old deserts, the valleys of Himachal, north-easts
rain forecasts, the most cultured and inviting regions of Rajasthan, the exclusive beaches
of Goa, and last but not the least, the royal wildlife sanctuaries in India and its vibrant
uniqueness in the Ayurveda, Yoga and Natural traits making this dream land as the
discoverable destination among all tourist. Near about all cities and places of India have
some or the other attractions to invite tourist.
In the rapidly changing economic era of globalization and industrialization,
tourism sector has emerged as one of the worlds largest industries. The concern on
Tourism and development has assumed phenomenal significance at global, national and
local levels. Tourism is the economic activity which provides services to the tourists
including a whole gamut of activities like transport& hospitality; guide and travel
services; travel publication and writers; arts and crafts, etc. In the present era of
2

knowledge and innovations, the whole world has shrunk in size and all has happened
because of spectacular advancement in the fields of travel and tele-communication.
Consequently the globalized economic order, there is now free exchange of trade
and culture among the countries of world. In fact, tourism is an emerging pertinent
industry and it is considered a major engine of economic growth in various parts of the
globe especially in the Asia- Pacific region including certain countries of Europe and
South- East Asia. Several countries of the world have transformed their economies
particularly, certain small countries of Europe like Switzerland followed by some of the
South-East Asian Countries mainly Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Mauritius, SouthKorea, Japan and Sri Lanka using their tourism potential the fullest. Its output is very
fruitful because tourism possesses a vast employment opportunities of diverse kinds from
the most specialized to the unskilled lion share population of human society. Actually, the
word Tourism is derived from the word Tour which implies a journey in which one
returns to the starting point. In simple terms, it may be defined as the sum of phenomena
and relationship arising from the travel and stay of tourists at a particular place for
duration of at least 24 hours. In case of study area, tourism possesses a huge potential and
requires greater public attention. Throughout the entire state, in the last couple of years, it
has been observed that the tourism is emerging as one of the fastest growing industries.
Travel and tourism is the largest service sector in India. This industry provides
heritage, culture, medical, business, sports and tourism.It is expected that the tourism
sectors contribution to the countrys Gross Domestic Product (GDP) will grow at the rate
of 7.8 percent from the period 2013-2023. The Indian tourism sector has been flourishing
in recent years due to the improved connectivity to and from the country. Also, a better
boarding and lodging facilities at the tourist destinations has been a factor which has
contributed to increase Foreign Tourist Arrivals (FTA).
The policies and changes implemented by the government of India has also been
instrumental in providing the necessary boost to the Indian tourism and hospitality
industry and attracting more and more foreign tourists every year.

Indias travel and tourism industry is set to grow by about 7.3% in 2014, better
than last year, but average spending by foreigners travelling to the country could decline
sharply, according to the World Travel& Tourism council. This year, revenue from
domestic tourism is expected to grow 8.2% compared with 5.1% a year ago, that
increasing domestic travel growth of low- cost airlines and upgrading of airport
infrastructure will be the growth drivers.
However, the growth in the amount international visitors spend in the country
could slow to 2.9% from 6.2% in 2013. The picture in India in general terms is goods.
But in terms of the global forecast, it is much lower than other countries, like China,
which grew at 9.2% in 2013 (and is anticipated to grow at 8.3% in 2014),in 2013. India
generated Rs 1.100 billion from foreign visitor. The figure is likely to grow by 2.9% in
2014. International tourist arrivals are expected touch 7.36 million in 2014 and 13.43
million by 2024. Expenditure by foreign tourists in India is expected to grow 4.3% every
year to Rs 1,740 billion in 2024.
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2013 ranks India 65th out of 144
countries overall. The report ranks the price competitiveness of India's tourism sector
20th out of 144 countries. It mentions that India has quite good air transport (ranked
39th), particularly given the countrys stage of development, and reasonable ground
transport infrastructure (ranked 42nd). Some other aspects of its tourism infrastructure
remain somewhat underdeveloped however. The nation has very few hotel rooms per
capita by international comparison and low ATM penetration. The World Tourism
Organization reported that India's receipts from tourism during 2012 ranked 16th in the
world, and 7th among Asian and Pacific countries.
The Ministry of Tourism designs national policies for the development and
promotion of tourism. In the process, the Ministry consults and collaborates with other
stakeholders in the sector including various Central Ministries/agencies, state
governments, Union Territories and the representatives of the private sector. Concerted
efforts are being made to promote new forms of tourism such as rural, cruise, medical and
eco-tourism. The Ministry also maintains the Incredible India campaign.
4

India's rich history and its cultural and geographical diversity make its
international tourism appeal large and diverse. It presents heritage and cultural tourism
along with medical, business, educational and sports tourism.
Contribution of Travel and Tourism Sector in India
2011
S.No

Particulars

2021

INR.B

%of

Growt

INR.B

total

%of
tota

Growth
8.1

Direct contribution to

1,570.5

1.9

8.7

3,414.8

l
2.0

GDP
Total

to

3,680.4

4.5

8.1

8,523.1

4.9

8.8

GDP
Direct contribution to

24,931

5.0

2.4

30,439

5.2

2.0

employment
Total contribution

37,655

7.5

2.4

47,480

8.1

2.3

3.8
4.3
3.7
1.5

5.7
9.1
7.5
11.1

1,344.7
7,758.3
6,332.8
2,791.8

2.1
4.4
3.6
1.6

7.1
8.3
7.7
8.8

contribution

to

employment
5
Visitors exports
678.6
6
Domestic spending
3,509.6
7
Leisure spending
3,003.0
8
Business spending
1,196.6
Source: World Travel and Tourism Council

The above table clearly shows that the Indian travel and tourism sector
contributed 1.9% to GDP during 2011-2012. In the year 2021-2022, it will grow 2.0% but
it is inadequate. Indian travel and tourism contributes to GDP, employment and foreign
exchange through foreign tourist arrivals. So, Government of India should play an active
role in sustainable tourism in India through its initiatives.

3.3 Problems of Tourism Industry

The foregoing analysis of the growth of tourism in India Shows that although the
industry has registered an all-round substantial development in the country during the last
two-three decades, most of the potential, for its growth has not yet been exploited and
much more is left to be desired. The limited, and rather unsatisfactory, growth of this
industry in our country has been due to a number of problems it is beset with and various
difficulties it has been facing. The important factors, which have limited the growth of
tourism in India, are mentioned below:
Inadequate airline capacity particularly during the peak tourist season, bad
conditions of our airports, delays in getting the bookings, flight cancellations and
delays render air travel in India nightmarish for foreign tourists.
Due to appalling conditions of traveling by trains, in India tourists prefer to avoid
unless unavoidable.
Lack of hygienic and comfortable accommodation for the tourists, in general, but
reasonable good accommodation for low spending middle class tourists in
particular, render tourism unattractive. Absence of motel hampers the smoothness,
of long distance travels.
There is absence of an up to date information systems with quick retrieval
facilities causes inconvenience to tourists.
Another major factor inhibiting the growth of tourism is the seasonality of the
industry with the busy season being limited to six months from October to March
and heavy rush in November and December.
Lack of an integrated tourism promotion programme during the five-year plan
periods has hindered the growth of tourism.
Indifference of many states and union territories to tourism, which has not yet
been accorded industry status by them, is another factor limiting its growth.
Next factor is the failure of the mandarins of tourism to quickly adopt to the
changing environment, for example the temporary closure of Jammu and Kashmir
to tourists and socio-political and religious agitations in other northern states of
the country rendering them unattractive to tourists, by developing and promoting
alternative tourists destinations in South India.
A lukewarm attitude towards the domestic tourism due to the emphasis placed by
the authoritieson foreign tourism has been another limiting factor. We should not
6

forget that domestic tourists have its own importance and its development
provides a sound basis for the growth of international tourism.
3.4 PROSPECTS IN TOURISM
Tourism industry is one of the worlds fastest growing economic sectors and
largest employer of manpower helps in earning multi-billion dollar annually by attracting
a billion of people from one destination to another. This is evident from the fact that
international tourist arrivals has doubled from the year 1995(565.4 million) to the year
2010(1006.4 million). It is expected to reach to 1.56 billion by 2020, with the largest rate
of increase in developing countries including India. According to UN World Tourism
Organization, 6-7% of the worlds total jobs directly and millions more indirectly comes
through the multiplier effect of this sector. In India, tourism has made significant
contribution to the Indian economy by providing an increase in foreign exchange
earnings, creating more employment opportunities and infrastructure development. It is
clear from the tourism statistics that international tourist arrival has increased from 5.11
million 2009 to 5.58 million with a growth rate of 8.1% in 2010 and foreign exchange
earning has increased from US$11394 million in 2009 to 648.89 billion in 2010.
Approximately 705 million domestic tourist have visited different states/UTs of India in
2010. It is also expected that tourism demand will grow at an annual growth rate of 8.8%
over the next ten years. It serves as a tool to financial protection of natural areas and
increases theireconomic importance and raise awareness regarding environmental values.
Social interaction between tourist and host community enhances the mutual appreciation,
tolerance, understanding, awareness, family bonding, learning, respect and likings.
Tourism is driven by natural urge of every human being for new experiences, and the
desire to both educated and entertained. By 2020, Tourism in India could contribute Rs.8,
50,000crores to the GDP. Source: World Travel and Tourism Council-WTTC
3.5 NEWTOURISM PRODUCTS/SIGNIFICANCE OF INDIAN TOURISM
3.5.1 Rural Tourism

The scheme of Rural Tourism was started by the Ministry of Tourism in 2002-03
with the objective of showcasing rural life, art, culture and heritage at rural locations and
in villages. The villages which had core competence in art & craft, handloom, and textiles
as also an asset base in the natural environment were selected. The scheme also aims to
benefit the local community economically and socially as well as enable interaction
between tourists and local population for a mutually enriching experience.
The promotion of village tourism is also aimed at generation of revenue for the
rural communities through tourist visitations. Under this scheme, funds up to R50 lakh
for infrastructure (hardware, or HW) development and up to Rs20 lakh for capacity
building (software, or SW) activities, are provided to State Government for each
identified rural tourism site. A total of 203 rural tourism projects in 29 States/Union
Territories sanctioned up to 31st December, 2013.
3.5.2 Adventure Tourism
Adventure tourism involves exploration or travel to remote, exotic areas.
Adventure development of Tourism including Cruise Tourism. The Ministry of Tourism
has also formulated a set of guidelines on Safety and Quality Norms on Adventure
Tourism as basic minimum standards for adventure tourism activities. Indias varied
geographical and climatic conditions offer excellent opportunities for adventure activities
like Air and Water based activities which include mountaineering, trekking, hang gliding,
paragliding, bungee jumping and river rafting. The Trans Himalayan region, the
Garhwaliandkumaon mountains, the Western Ghats, the deserts of Rajasthan, Andaman
and Lakshadweep islands are some of the most popular destinations for adventure
tourism. During the year 2013-14, the Ministry of Tourism has sanctioned an amount of
R149.10 lakh to the Institute for conduct of Adventure Courses.

3.5.3 Medical Tourism

8

Medical Tourism (also called medical travel, health tourism or global healthcare)
is a term used to describe the rapidly-growing practice of travelling across international
borders to obtain health care. This is one of the fastest growing segments in India. The
country has been able to leverage certain advantages over other countries like highly
skilled doctors, cost-effective treatment and improved quality of private healthcare.
Services typically sought by travelers include elective procedures as well as complex
specialized surgeries such as joint replacement (knee/hip), cardiac surgery, dental surgery,
and cosmetic surgeries. However, virtually every type of healthcare, including psychiatry,
alternative treatments, and convalescent care is available in India. Medical and health
tourism have been specifically promoted at various international platforms such as World
Travel Mart, London, ITB, Berlin, Arabian Travel Mart etc. Medical Visa has been
introduced, which can be given for specific purpose to foreign tourists coming to India
for medical treatment. The Ministry of Tourism also supported the National Conference
Health Tourism in India, organized by PHD Chamber of Commerce, held at New Delhi
on 26th July, 2013.
3.5.4Eco Tourism
This is a relatively new segment in India. It involves visiting natural places of
beauty or those teeming with wildlife without disturbing the fragile ecosystem. Eco
tourism generates wealth for the local people, who, in turn, take measures to conserve
and protect the environment and natural resources. The Himalayan region, Kerala, the
north-East, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, the Lakshadweep islands, as well as the
Western and Eastern Ghats are some of the hot spots for eco-tourism in India. India has
some of the best wildlife reserves in the world that are rich in flora and fauna.
3.5.5 Wellness Tourism
Wellness Tourism is about travelling for the primary purpose of achieving,
promoting or maintaining maximum health and a sense of well-being. It is about being
proactive in discovering new ways to promote a healthier, less stressful lifestyle or
finding balance in ones life. Health Tourism holds immense potential for India. The

Indian systems of medicine, that is Ayurveda, Yoga, Panchakarma, Rejuvenation Therapy,

etc., are among the most ancient systems of medical treatment in the world. India can
provide medical and health care of international standard at comparatively low cost. Most
of the hotels/resorts are coming up with Ayurveda Centres. The leading tour operators
have included Ayurveda in their brochures. Wellness Events Supported by the Ministry of
Tourism during 2013-14.
3.5.6 Golf Tourism
Golf tourism in India is gaining interest. One of the latest trends in golf tourism is
the fact that there has been a recent surge in the interest levels amongst youth the world
over. India has several golf courses of international standards. Further, golf events held in
India also attract domestic and international tourists. With international tourists expected
to grow in the next few years, it is important that India has the right product to meet the
need of the visitors. In order to tap this growing interest in golf tourism, the Ministry of
Tourism is creating a comprehensive and coordinated framework for promoting golf
tourism in India, capitalizing on the existing work that is being carried out, and building
upon the strength of Indias position as a fast growing free market economy. The Ministry
of Tourism has also constituted the India Golf Tourism Committee (IGTC), which is the
nodal body for golf tourism in the country. The IGTC approved 23 golf events during the
year 2012-13 and released an amount of Rs. 4,31,16,488/-. The 4th meeting of the India
Golf Tourism Committee (IGTC) was held on 26th November, 2013.
3.5.7Polo Tourism
The game of Polo is said to have originated in India and it is one of the few
countries in the world where this game is still preserved and practiced. The Kolkata Polo
Club is the oldest Polo club in the world and is 150-year old. Therefore, Polo can rightly
be termed as Heritage Sports of India.
The Ministry of Tourism promotes Polo in collaboration with the Indian Polo
identifying broad areas of support for promotion of this game as Niche Tourism Product.
The Ministry has sanctioned Central Financial Assistance of R4751.61 lakh for the
10

development of Integrated Mega Tourist Circuit for Margin Polo-Keina-Khebaching

(Khogiom) in Manipur, during 2012 -13.
3.5.8Heritage Tourism
Heritage tourism is a very lucrative segment in India, with its rich history
reflected in its numerous forts, monuments, palaces, places of worship,etc. Heritage
tourism itself can be further classified as colonial heritage, urban renewal, religious
tourism, industrial heritage and ethnicity. The Indian government must show keen interest
in developing heritage sites from a tourism perspective.
3.5.9 Educational Tourism
For many countries in Africa, the Middle East and the Far East, India offers good
educational options with a fraction of the cost of studying in the West. Culturally, too, the
Indian environment is closer to the cultures of neighbouring nations, and the medium of
education offered here is English-making it the ideal stepping stone for students wanting
to become global citizens.
3.6APPROVAL OF TRAVEL TRADE SERVICE PROVIDER
The Ministry of Tourism has a scheme of approving Travel Agents, Inbound Tour
Operators, Adventure Tour Operators, Domestic Tour Operators and Tourist Transport
Operators. Revised guidelines of this scheme were issued on 18th July, 2011. The aims
and objectives of this scheme are to encourage quality, standard and service in these
categories. This is a voluntary scheme open to all bonafide agencies. The total number of
approved service providers of Travel Trade is given below:

11

TABLE 3.1

No. of Approved

Approval Issued

ServiceProviders as on

duringApril 2013 to

31 March, 2013

March 2014

Inbound Tour Operators

539

93

Travel Agents

348

62

Tourist Transport Operators

174

31

Domestic Tour Operators

94

26

Adventure Tour Operators

31

1186

219

Category

Total

Source: Annual Report 2013-2014. Ministry of Tourism, Government of India.

www.incredibleindia.org

12

3.7 TOURISTS ARRIVALS

Foreign Tourist Arrivals in India During 1997 to 2014

Foreign tourist

Percentage Of

Arrivals(million)

change

2000

2.65

06.7

2001

2.54

04.2

2002

2.38

06.0

2003

2.73

14.3

2004

3.46

26.8

2005

3.92

13.3

2006

4.45

13.5

2007

5.08

14.3

2008

5.28

04.0

2009

5.17

02.2

2010

5.78

11.8

2011

6.31

09.2

2012

6.58

04.3

2013

6.97

05.9

2014

7.68

10.2

Year

Average

08.1

Std dev

08.4

13

AGR

59.7

CGR

07.2

(P) Provisional, @ Growth rate over Jan-June, 2013.

Source: Ministry of Tourism, Govt. of India, for Jan-June, 2015
The Indian government, in order to boost tourism of various kinds in India, has set
up the Ministry of Tourism and Culture. This ministry recently launched a campaign
called 'Incredible India' in order to encourage different types of tourism in India. The
tourism industry has emerged as one of the fastest growing sectors contributing
significantly to global economic growth and development. The performance of Indian
tourism industry needs to gauge in terms of its socio economic magnitudes. India's total
foreign tourist arrivals in 2014at 7.68 million. During the year 2013, the number of
Foreign Tourist Arrivals in India reached the level of 6.97 million registering a growth of
5.9 per cent. In 2010 the income of about 200 billion US dollars. This figure is expected
to increase to 375.5 billion US dollars by 2018 at a 9.4 per cent annual growth rate. India
has witnessed the highest growth rate during 2003 and 2004 with regard to pouring
foreign tourists. Growth rate (2004) was highest in comparison to rest of the year since
1997. The tourism sector in India, therefore, has fared quite well vis--vis the world.
Ministry of tourism also runs the Incredible India advertising campaign, which is based
on Indias rich history, and its cultural and geographical diversity. The arrival of foreign
tourist is measured as average is 8.12, standard deviation is 8.43, annual growth rate is
59.6 and compound growth rate is 7.22.

TABLE 3.3
Foreign Exchange Earnings from the Indian Tourism Industry during the Year

Year

Values(US

Percentage of

million)

change
14

2000

3460

15.0

2001

3198

07.6

2002

3103

03.0

2003

4463

43.8

2004

6170

38.2

2005

7493

21.4

2006

8634

15.2

2007

10,729

24.3

2008

11,832

10.3

2009

11,136

05.9

2010

14,193

27.5

2011

16,564

16.7

2012

17,737

07.1

2013#2

18,445

04.0

2014#2

18,445

04.0

Average

14.1

Std dev

15.2

AGR

49.4

CGR

13.0

#1 Advance estimates, @ Growth Rate over Jan-June, 2013

#2Ist revised estimates.
Source:

(i) Reserve Bank of India, for 1997 to 2010

15

(ii) Ministry of Tourism, Govt. of India, for 2011, 2012, 2013 & 2014

Foreign Exchange Earnings from tourism in India during 2014, Jan-June is $ 18445
million. Foreign Exchange Earnings from tourism in India during 2013 were $18,445 million as
compared to $17,737million in 2012, showing a growth of 4 per cent. A significant feature of
tourism industry is that it employs a large number of educated men and women. Women, in fact
outnumber men in hotels, airlines, travel agencies, handicrafts and cultural related activities.
Tourism activities contribute a large portion of the total foreign exchange earnings of India.
Travel and tourism is one of the most profitable industries in the country, and several reasons
are cited for its growth and prosperity. The growth in India tourism sector has been supported
by the development of industries like transport, medical tourism, and hotels. Tourism industry
in India is substantial and vibrant,and the country is fast becoming a major global destination.
Economic growth has added millions to the ranks of Indias middle class a group that is driving
domestic tourism growth.Foreign Exchange Earnings from the Indian Tourism Industry is
calculated as average is 14.06, standard deviation is 15.21, annual growth rate is 49.44 and
compound growth rate is 13.

16

TABLE 3.4
Top 10 source countries for Foreign Tourist Arrivals Arriving in India during the Year 2002 2014

S.No

Source
country

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

USA

348182

410803

526120

611165

696739

796739

827866

885428

931292

980688

1039947

1085309

1118983

Bangladesh

435867

454611

477446

456371

484401

480240

540090

564398

431962

463543

487397

524923

942562

United
Kingdom

387846

430917

555907

651083

734240

796191

787197

794312

759494

798249

788170

809444

838860

Sri Lanka

108008

109098

128711

157643

154813

204084

228548

263245

266515

305853

296983

262345

301601

Russian
Fed

18643

26948

47077

56446

62203

75543

91423

95321

122048

144312

177526

259120

269832

Canada

93598

107671

135884

157643

176567

208214

223587

238745

242372

259017

256021

255222

268485

Malaysia

63748

70750

84390

96276

107286

112741

119040

147654

179077

208196

195853

242649

262026

France

78194

97654

131824

152258

175345

204827

217816

227645

225232

231423

240674

248379

246101

Australia

50743

58730

81608

96258

109867

135925

148055

159865

169647

192592

202105

218967

239762

17

10

Germany

64891

76868

116679

120243

156808

184195

Source: - Bureau of Immigration, Govt. of India

18

209252

223487

227720

240235

254783

252003

239762

19

TABLE 3.5
Share of Top 10 States / UTs of India in number of Domestic tourist during the year

S.no

State/UT

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Tamil Nadu

39873160

40213060

42279838

43213128

58340008

70254972

98285121

106554287

119188187

137512991

184136840

244232487

327555233

Uttar Pradesh

71490000

8002000

88360000

95440947

105549478

116244008

124843242

137458736

144754977

155430364

168381276

226531091

182820108

Karnataka

8678670

11175292

27194178

30470316

36195907

37825953

12797937

35468734

38202077

84107390

94052729

98010140

118283220

Maharashtra

9802527

11272906

13392212

14276097

16880348

19226716

20553360

43874536

48465492

55333467

66330229

82700556

94127124

Andrapradesh

60487370

74138729

89440272

93529554

111715376

127933333

132684906

137634258

155789584

153119816

206817895

152102150

93306974

Madyapradesh

4903242

5968719

8619486

7090952

11062640

13894500

22088927

35468236

38079595

44119820

53197209

63110709

63614525

West Bengal

8844232

11300763

12380389

13566911

15808371

18580669

19314440

19347628

21072324

22256968

22730205

25547300

49029590

Jharkhand

313134

398346

461486

2042723

2091188

4906394

6030028

6428642

6885273

10796286

20421016

20511160

33427144

Rajasthan

8300190

12545135

16033896

18787298

23483287

25920529

28358918

23653825

25543877

27137323

28611831

30298150

33076491

10

Kerala

5568256

5871228

5972182

5946423

6271724

6642941

7591250

8642369

9034562

9281455

10076854

10857811

11695411

Source: State/ Union Territory Tourism Departments.

20

21

TABLE 3.6
Share of Top 10 states / UTs of India in Number of Foreign Tourist during the year
S.N
o

States/UT

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

131950
1
132897
4

175310
3
149315
7

202941
0
161008
9

259865
4
158766
5

280450
4
173270
7

337387
0
188709
5

356174
0
199449
5

399049
0
205442
0

2014

Tamil Nadu

804041

901504

105801
2

1179316

Uttar Pradesh

710000

817000

974000

1174597

Karnataka

59545

249908

530225

545225

505524

534563

174040

356754

380995

574005

595359

636378

561870

Maharashtra

768935

986544

121838
2

144865
6

171230
2

192805
2

205691
3

458745
3

508312
6

481542
1

512028
7

415634
3

4389098

210310

479318

501019

560024

669617

769724

789180

198765

205632

264563

292845

223518

66333

67319

92278

145335

160832

186587

234204

251733

218754

226532

269559

275930

280333

316195

5
6

Andra
Pradesh
Madyaprades
h

4657630
2909735

West Bengal

529366

705457

775694

895639

998029

1154770

1133671

106534
7

1192187

121327
0

121961
0

124523
0

1375740

Jharkhand

2244

3223

4375

6035

4368

4004

5803

62874

67542

72467

31909

45995

154731

Rajasthan

428437

628560

971772

1131164

122016
4

140104
2

147764
6

108765
4

127852
3

135197
4

145137
0

143716
2

1525574

10

Kerala

232564

294621

345546

346499

428534

515808

598929

626534

659265

732985

793696

858143

923366

Source: State/ UT Tourism Departments.

22

Table 3.7
Share of India in International Tourist Arrivals in World during the year
International Tourist

FTAs in India (in

Percentage (%) Share

Arrivals (in million) World

million)

of India in World

2000

683.3

2.65

0.39

2001

683.4

2.54

0.37

2002

703.2

2.38

0.34

2003

691.0

2.73

0.39

2004

762.0

3.46

0.45

Year

23

2005

803.4

3.92

0.49

2006

846.0

4.45

0.53

2007

894.0

5.08

0.57

2008

917.0

5.28

0.58

2009

883.0

5.17

0.59

2010

948.0

5.78

0.61

2011

995.0

6.31

0.63

2012

1035.0

6.58

0.64

2013

1087.0

6.97

0.64

2014

1135.0

7.68

0.68

Average

0.53

Std dev

0.11

AGR

0.28

CGR

-0.46

P: Provisional, - NA
Source: -(i) UNWTO Tourism Market Trends 2007 Edition, for the yearsup to 2005.
(ii) UNWTO Barometer June 2010 for 2006 and January 2011 for 2007
(iii) UNWTO Tourism Highlights 2011 Edition for 2008 and 2012 Edition for
2009. (iv) UNWTO Barometer April 2015 for 2010, 2013@2014
Tourism in India is the largest service industry. Tourism industry in India is
substantial and vibrant, and the country is fast becoming a major global destination.
There has been a tremendous growth in tourism in India because of the government
policies and support from all levels. In the year 2012 International tourist arrival in India
is 1035.0$ million and foreign tourists arrival in India is 6.58 $ million. In the year 2013
24

International tourist arrival in India is 1087$ million and foreign tourists arrival in India
is 6.97$ million. While comparing these two factors percentage share of touristarrival of
India in world is 0.64%. In the year 2014 International tourists arrival in India is 1135.0
$ million and foreign tourists arrival in India is 7.68$ million. From the above table it is
clear that the percentage share of tourist arrival in 2012 and 2013 are same.While
comparing these two factors percentage share of tourist arrivals of India in world is
0.64%.Share of India in International Tourist Arrivals in World 2000-2014 is calculated
as average is 0.55, standard deviation is 0.11, annual growth rate is 0.28 and compound
growth rate is -0.46.

TABLE 3.8
Share of India in International Tourism Receipts in World during the year
Year

International Tourism Receipt

FEE in India
25

Percentage(%) share and

(In US$

(In US$ billion) World

million)

rank of India in World

2000

475.3

3460

0.73

2001

463.8

3198

0.69

2002

481.9

3103

0.64

2003

529.3

4463

0.84

2004

633.2

6170

0.97

2005

679.6

7493

1.10

2006

744.0

8634

1.16

2007

857.0

10729

1.25

2008

939.0

11832

1.26

2009

853.0

11136

1.31

2010

931.0

14193

1.52

2011

1042.0

16564

1.59

2012

1078.0

17737

1.65

2013

1197.0

18445

1.54

2014

1245.0

20236

1.58

Average

1.18

Std dev

0.35

AGR

1.17

CGR

0.22

Source:(i) UNWTO Tourism Market Trends 2007 Edition, for the years up to 2005
(ii) UNWTO Barometer June 2009 for 2006 & 2007
26

(iii) UNWTO Tourism Highlights 2011 Edition for 2008 and 2012 Edition for 2009.
(iv) UNWTO Barometer April 2014 for 2010, 2011, 2012 & 2013
Over the past six decades, tourism has experienced continuedexpansion and
diversification, becoming one of the largest andfastest-growing economic sectors in the
world.There is number of unique factors due to which India has attracted the maximum
tourist from all over the world. The Ministry of Tourism, Govt. of India has launched
various he number of tourist coming to India for instance Incredible India. The Govt. of
India particularly the Tourism ministry has spent approximately. 275 crores on the
campaign Incredible India. In the year 2013 International tourism receipt is 1197.0 $
billion and foreign exchange earnings in India is 18445 $ million. While comparing these
two factors percentage share of tourism receipts of India in world is 1.54%. In the year
2014 International tourism receipt is 1245.0$ billion and foreign exchange earnings in
India is 20236 $ million. While comparing these two factors percentage share of tourism
receipts of India in world is 1.58%. So percentage share of tourism receipt is increased
from 1.54% to 1.58% in the year 2014. Share of India in International Tourism Receipts
in World2000-2014 is measured as average is 1.18, standard deviation is 0.35, annual
growth rate is 1.17 and compound growth rate is 0.22.
3.8 TOURISM INTAMIL NADU
Tamil Nadu is a state in the south-eastern part of the Indian Peninsula. One of the
four Dravidian states of India, it has more than 4,000 years of continuous cultural history.
Tamil Nadu has some of the most remarkable temple architecture in the country, and a
living tradition of music, dance, folk arts and fine arts. Tamil Nadu is well renowned for
its temple towns and heritage sites, hill stations, waterfalls, national parks, local cuisine
and the fabulous wildlife and scenic beauty. The state boosts the largest tourism industry
in India with an annual growth rate of 16%. In 2013, the number of domestic arrivals was
at 244.5 million making the state the most popular tourist destination in the country, and
foreign arrivals amounted to 3.99 million, the second-highest in the country, and the
combined aggregate gives it the most popular state for tourism in the country.

27

Tamil Nadu is one of the most fascinating tourist destinations of not only in India
but all over the world. It is known for its exceptional scenic beauty and unique and rich
cultural heritage. The state has always been synonymous with Tamil peoples and Tamil
culture. It is famous for being the home to variety of social groups of India. The people of
state are unique in their simple and peaceful life styles and have beautifully retained their
own culture and tradition for centuries. The tourism has flourished in this region due to
its ancient heritage. In fact, Tamil Nadu state is one of the oldest states of India and also
known as the heart of rich Dravidian culture which has its glorious and distinctive
history. Moreover, the state is also renowned for its traditional, classical arts such as
Carnatic Music and Bharat Nat yam Dance. The people of the state by and large lead
a very relaxed and peaceful lifestyle with great wisdom and tolerance. They have deep
interest in music, dance, literature, dress, and food. They are great lovers of festivals,
food and nature. The unique and common characteristic of the people is their touristsfriendly behavior and attitude as a result throughout the year predominantly during the
months of December and January; tourist places of the state are always remained
overcrowded with foreign and domestic tourists. In addition to its unique culture and
traditions, coupled with its varied topography, has also made the state as one of the
popular tourist destinations in India.
The ancient temples, beautiful coastal beaches, fascinating falls,picturesque hills,
natural scenic beauty, historical and heritage places, spectacular monuments, and diverse
type of ethnic groups& existing unity among them, festivals, rituals, art and culture of the
state attract travelers not only from India but from all over the world. Undoubtedly, the
state and its various tourists centers are most important destinations including its coastal
region have a great potential for tourism development. Tourism Development
Corporation (TTDC) has been operating Hotels, Youth Hostels, Restaurants, Tours, Boat
houses, Telescope houses as a forerunner for the private sector to follow as new area of
business proposition. Tamil Nadu's tourism industry is the second largest in India, with an
annual growth rate of 16%. Tamil Nadu Vision 2023 envisages an investment of US$
2.1billion for the tourism sector and aims to increase foreign tourist inflow from 3.6
million in 2012 to 15 million by 2023. In 2011, Tamil Nadu was ranked third in India in

28

the number of domestic tourist arrivals and second in the number of foreign tourist
arrivals in India (IBEF, 2013).
3.9TOP 10 PLACES TO VISIT IN TAMIL NADU

The words Tamil Naduliterally means The Land of The Tamils or Tamil
Country. The State of Tamil Nadu is the 11th largest State out of the 29 states of India.
But what Tamil Nadu lacks in size, it gains in its abundance of natural resources. The
western, north-western and the southern parts are abundant in vegetation since theyre the
meeting points of the Western and Eastern Ghats with the Nilgiris Hills. This makes the
state an ecological niche which gives the State of Tamil Nadu abundance in flora and
fauna. Tamil Nadu has also been home to the oldest of civilizations, and has seen the rule
of various ancient dynasties like the Chera, Chola and Pandya which ruled the region
between 300 BC 300 AD. The state of Tamil Nadu is thus rich in both the aspects of
Cultural and Natural making it a tourist haven. In this article we shall discuss about the
10 popular places you must Visit in Tamil Nadu.
3.9.1 Chennai
Formerly known by the name Madras, Chennai is the Capital City of Tamil Nadu.
The city has been surrounded by the South Indian Kingdoms since ages, thus it has
always been the forefront of all cultural, economic, social, commercial and industrial
development in the south of India. Chennai is the short form of the actual name
Chennapatnam. Its often nicknamed as the Detroit of India, due to Chennai housing the
majority of Indias Automobile industries. Not only industries, the city is famous for its
distinctive culture and heritage as well and you might need to take around 2-3 days to
properly explore this city alone.
The city houses more than 20 heritage structures including railway stations,
Museums, Book Shops, Cinema halls and many more. Chennai is also famous for its
clean sandy beaches, parks, temples and cultural centers. There are various shopping
29

attractions here and most sorts for Modern Day Activities one can name. With a big list of
tourist attractions, Chennai is aptly the 3rd most visited City by tourists after Delhi and
Mumbai.

3.9.2 Mahabalipuram
Also known as Mamallapuram, the city ofMahabalipuram is famous for its
ancient and cultural heritage. The city of Mahabalipuram was a prominent sea port dating
back to 7th century AD and was ruled by the Pallava Dynasty. The place is famous for its
monuments and is classified among the UNESCO world heritage sites. Almost all of the
monuments are carved out of Granite and display the brilliance of Dravidian style
architecture.
The town is otherwise a small one and the best way to get around it either by foot
or bike rental. The attractions in the whole town can be covered in a day or two. The city
is bustling with tourists most times of the year except monsoons. The amazing location of
this place adds to the charm of the monuments and the intricate carvings. The temples
here are a marvel to behold and with the aid of a knowledgeable tour guide one can
totally get lost in the ancient stories behind each of the monuments. Image Credits bubble
boy
3.9.3 Kanyakumari
The southernmost tip of mainland India, Kanyakumari was formerly known by
the name Cape Comorin. The ancient town of Kanyakumari was an important site during
the Reign of the Chola, Chera and Pandya dynasty. The town is famous for its beautiful
beaches, temples, monuments and cultural centers. The town is also famous for its
distinctive culture and hospitable people.
The place due to its unique location witnesses a marvel like only a few places in
the world has seen i.e. the sunrise and the sunset can be viewed at the same beach. The
30

town lays at the confluence of three bodies of water namely the Indian Ocean, the
Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal and is thus considered an important pilgrimage site in
the south of India. The temples here are built in Dravidian style of architecture. The
various south Indian delicacies served here are great and light on the stomach and include
some of the south Indian classics like Sambhar, Idli and Dosa etc. a trip to this town is
sure to refresh your senses. Image Credits svenkadesh
3.9.4 Madurai
The 3rd largest city in Tamil Nadu, Madurai is also one of the oldest inhabited
cities in the world. The place has been mentioned by many such as Kautilya and
Megasthenes. The city has been ruled by both the Pandya and the Chola dynasties. The
city houses a number of important and magnificent temples that it is built around.
Geographically the city of Madurai lies on the fertile plains near the river Vaigai which
divides the city in two parts. The land is thus mainly used for agriculture and the major
supplier for paddy crops such as rice in India.
The majority of tourists who come to Madurai come to visit the various temples
that enshrine this ancient city. The MeenakshiAmmam Temple is of prime importance
here as it has been mentioned in almost all the ancient texts and is considered as the
prime pilgrim spot for the Tamil people. The Temple complex consists of 27 different
temples and the highest tower with the height of 51.9 meters high crowns the place.
Many different monuments and temples are also a must visit along with the various
festivals celebrated here. The town of Madurai is a spiritual experience in itself.
3.9.5 Kodaikanal
The town is also referred to as the Princess of the Hill stations with its name
meaning the Gift of the Forest. It is a small hill station with an average elevation of
2,331 meters above sea level. The place is surrounded by thick forests and is located at
the top of the Palani Hills. The establishment of the hill station dates back to 1845 which
was founded as a refuge from the heat and the diseases of the tropical plains. The town is
a major tourist attraction and tourism industry is the source of the majority of the towns

31

economy.Kodaikanal is famous for its scenic beauty and has a number of natural
attractions that is the reason for its high tourist population. The lakes, parks and different
waterfalls along with the rich abundance of flora and fauna, the town, is indeed the gift of
the forests. The place is a home to many natural marvels and phenomena such as the
blooming of the rare Kurinji Flower which only blooms once in 12 years and is said to
cover the entire valley in blue. With its various flora and natural and manmade attractions
to enjoy, Kodaikanal will make you want to stay. Image Credits Noushad Bangalore.
3.9.6 Vellore
Also known as, the Fort city, Vellore is located at the banks of Palar River at the
North-eastern part of Tamil Nadu. The city came under the reign of various kingdoms and
monarchies such as the Pallava, the Chola, the Carnatic Kingdom and the British. The
places name comes from the Monolithic fort of Vellore which was built in the 16th
century by the Vijaynagar Kings and is constructed out of granite. The fort complex has a
Christian church courtesy the British, a Mosque and an old Hindu Temple which has
some of the most magnificent carvings.
The place has a lot of historic relevance as well, as the fort of Vellore is said to
have housed Tipu sultans family during the British Rule. Apart from the fort there are
several other attractions that have made it an important tourist destination. The various
temples with a brilliant display of carvings and Dravidian Style architecture, the
picturesque hill station of Yelagiri, the churches and mosques and various shopping
hotspots has made it a must visit place in Tamil Nadu. Image Credits PonrajKrish.
Tourism jobs are quite commonly seasonal and insecure with no extra benefits,
such as pensions, sick pay, or health care. Some areas can be inundated with visitors
during busy times, and then virtually deserted for many months.
3.9.7 Ooty
The Capital of the Nilgiris District, Ooty or Ootacamund is one of the top visited hill
stations in India. The place lies in the heart of the Nilgiries Mountains with an average
32

elevation of 2,240 meters above sea level. The place is characterized by the blue smoky
mist from the thick eucalyptus forests and is also known to house the rare Kurinji flower.
The towns major source of economy, like most hill stations is tourism. Many officials of
the British government described the likeliness of this place to resemble Switzerland.
Despite of being located in the tropical region of India, Ooty enjoys a pleasant and
mild climate throughout the year, with chilly nights. The best time to visit is between the
months of December till February and is frequented by tourists all round. The various
lakes, mountains, gardens and valleys are amazing places to visit. The different peaks are
great spots for trekking and the lakes make amazing camping and picnic spots. A visit to
Ooty and you will experience a surrounding which is unique to almost any place in India.
3.9.8 Kanchipuram
The city of Kanchipuram is located on the shores of the Vegavathy River. The city
has seen a number of ruling dynasties and monarchies such as Pandya, Cholas, the
Vijaynagar Empire, the Carnatic Kingdom and the British monarchy. Kanchipuram since
medieval times has been significant as the educational center and was known as the place
for learning. The city is also famous for its various temples that are built in the Dravidian
style of architecture and display amazing stone carvings. Kanchipuramhas been an
important city and has been mentioned in texts dating back to the Maurya period and has
been constantly mentioned as a city like no other in the Dravidian Kingdom.
Kanchipuram apart from its various temples is also known for its medicinal herbs, this
fact has been vouched for by the ancient texts as well. One of the major products of
Kanchipuram is its specialized silk and more than 5000 families residing here are
involved in silk weaving and famous for the Kanchipuram silk saris. The place is rich
in both natural and manmade attractions and has a distinct culture that one must
experience. With its various Temples, bird sanctuary, beaches, back waters etc. makes the
city a must visit.
3.9.9 Coimbatore

33

The highly industrialized town of Coimbatore is often termed as the Manchester of

India. It is the second largest city in terms of area in the state of Tamil Nadu. The place is
famous for its various temples, shopping hubs and typical Tamil food items. The town of
Coimbatore is also surrounded by various picnic spots like waterfalls and rivers which
are sure to refresh your senses and are great places to visit with family or friends. The
city is located on the banks of the Noyyal River and is surrounded by the Western Ghats.
The best thing about this city is its pleasant weather all year round. The thick forest
covered mountains and the cool wind from the Palghat gap makes the hot weather a
pleasant one. The city also takes pride in housing the Siruvani River which is a tributary
of the River Kaveri. The special thing about this river is the taste of the water due to a
perfect mix of the minerals making it the second tastiest water in the world after the Nile
River. There are various parks and Zoos that only add to the large number of tourist
attractions present in this city.
3.9.10 Tirunelveli
Another ancient city in Tamil Nadu, Tirunelveli is famous for its temples. The city is
located at the southernmost tip of the Deccan plateau with the river Tamirabarani running
through the city. The city is a religious and agricultural hub and thrives on tourism. The
place is abundant in natural resources and has a diverse range of physical features like
mountain ranges, rivers, sea coasts and forests.
The temples here are of special significance as they were created in medieval times
by the ruling dynasties of that era and display some brilliant architecture and stone
carvings. Apart from being a monumental hub of Tamil Nadu, the city holds numerous
undiscovered spots which make it a tourist haven. The forests house a variety of natural
flora and fauna along with many rare and endangered species. The best time to visit the
place is between October- February when the climate is pleasant and the vegetation is at
its peak.
The Magical state of Tamil Nadu is the second most frequented tourist spot in
India. With its abundance in natural and man-made wonders the city has more than 4000
34

years of cultural history. Apart from the places mentioned above, the hill stations of
Coonoor and Yelagiri are also popular amongst the tourists. Also, Rameswaram and
Tiruchirappalli are also popular tourist destinations of Tamil Nadu. Most of the sites and
monuments from the ancient era have been well preserved along with the natural
resources which make it a definitive tourist attraction.

3.10TAMILNADU TOURISM DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION (TNTDC)

In 1968 the Government of Tamilnaduestablished a separate department of
tourism at Madras. The government initially allotted Rs.50 Lakhs to this department. It
also provided an emblem Amberala and initiated suitable measures for its rapid
progress. However, in 1971 the government created the Tamilnadu Tourist Development
Corporation with the main objective of promoting tourism in Tamilnadu. Its main
objectives were,
1. Construction of StarHotels, Rest House, Youth Hostels, Boat Houses and
wildlife sanctuaries.
2. Establishment of information offices at important places with in the state and
also at Delhi, Bombay, Calcutta and other Tourist offices at Madurai,
Chidambaram, Kanyakumari, Madras, Mamallapuram, Ooty, Trichy and
Salem.
3. The Department of Tourism in TamilNadu is now functioning under a Cabinet
Minister followed by a Secretary and one director, few joined directors, deputy
directors and assistant directors. The services offered by TNTDC are much
sought after by domestic as well as foreign tourists. Further TNTDC offers a
numbers of coach tours at reasonable cost. It operates more than 27 types of
coach tourists from Chennai. The corporation has luxury coaches which
include A/C coaches. Also during tourist seasons the state Transport
Corporation operates special services to the tourist places and places of fairs
and festivals.

35

4. The TNTDC operates hotels for the benefit of tourists. It established Hotel
TamilNadu in important cities and tourist centres.
5. The TNTDC is a pioneer in providing inexpensive clean and comfortable
dormitory accommodation for the tourist. It maintains youth hostel and
Travellers bungalows at many places. It also provides boating facilities at Ooty,
yercaud and pichavaram.
6. Apart from these activities every year the TNTDC celebrates the trade fair at
Chennai, the summer festival at courtalam, flower show at Ooty and
Kodaikanal, pongal festival at Tanjore and tourist week throughout the state.
These festivals attract lacks of people far and near.
7. The TNTDC also brings out every years broachers, guides, posters pictures,
post cards, pamplets, magazines and films of outstating quality. It has opened
information centers at Malaysia and Mauritius. It intends opening similar
centers at simla, Singapore and African countries.
8. As the TNTDC treats tourism as an industry, for all practical purposes,
tourism has flourished beyond measure in Tamil Nadu.
9. SmokelessIndustry Tourism is in fact a smokeless industry. It earns over
Rs.3300 crores annually for India.
Special Pa3.10.1Special Package Tours
3.10.1.1

RashtriyaMathyamikShikshaAbhiyan (RMSA) Scheme

TTDC had organized special package Tours for school Teachers under

RashtriyaMathyamikShikshaAbhiyan (RMSA) Scheme during February and March 2012,

fetching a revenue of Rs3.09 crores in co-ordination with the School Education
Department. Apart from the regular Package Tours, TTDC is also organizing tailor-made
Package Tours for various groups of Tourists catering to their specific requirements.
Special Package Tours are organized for the Corporate Sector and also for the group
Tourists from Malaysia.
3.10.1.2 Introduction of new Tours

36

In addition to operation of regular Tours to various Tourist destinations by TTDC, the

Government has issued orders for launching the following 10 new Tours for the benefit of
Tourists during 2012-2013.
1. Tour to Nagarathar Temples
2. Tour to DivyaDesam Temples in Kancheepuram and Thiruvallur Districts.
3. Tour to Thirukkadaiyur Temple
4. Tour to Thiruvudai Amman, Vadivudai Amman and Kodiyudai Amman
Temples.
5. Madurai City Tour
6. Tiruchi City Tour
7. Tour to Courtallam and nearby areas
8. Tour to Yelagiri Hills
9. Tour to Kolli Hills
10. Freedom Fighters Circuit Tour

3.10.1.3 Fair Division

The 38th India Tourist and Industrial Fair was inaugurated on 3.1.2012. The welfare
schemes and development programmes of the State Government were exhibited by
various Government Departments through attractive working models. The Fair earned an
all-time high operating profit of Rs 2.54 crores, compared to previous year profit of Rs
2.06 crores.

37

3.10.1.4 Financial performance

The turnover of TTDC has increased to Rs 101.60 crores 2011-12, compared to the
turnover of Rs 92.72 crores achieved during last year (2010-2011) thereby registering a
growth rate of 10%. The net profit for the year 2011-12 is estimated at Rs 10.69 crores
compared to the net profit of Rs 2.64 crores achieved during last year (2010-2011),
registering a quantum leap of 305% in profitability. Operators, Charter flight operators
and Cruise operators will be actively involved.
A large number of Tourists are coming from Singapore, Malaysia, South Africa,
Mauritius, UK, USA, Germany, France, Belgium, Italy, Spain, Russia, Netherlands,
Scandinavian countries, Australia and New Zealand. An aggressive marketing campaign
in these countries can make a major impact in realizing the tourism potential. At
International Travel Marts, all important members of travel and hospitality industry
congregate under one roof. Tourism Department promotes the destinations at these Marts.
Tamil Nadu is ranked second in foreign tourist arrivals. Special efforts are taken to attain
number one position. Tamil Nadu will be showcased in major International Travel Marts
like International Tourism Bourse (ITB-Berlin-March 2013) and World Travel Mart
(WTM-London-November 2012).
Marketing meets are planned in source countries- Netherlands, Switzerland and
France in co-ordination with India Tourism. Familiarization Tours for overseas Tour
Operators and Travel Writers will be arranged to promote Tamil Nadu. According to India
Tourism Statistics for the year 2010, 11.16 crore domestic tourists and 28.05 lakh foreign
tourists have visited Tamil Nadu. The tourist arrivals have further gone up in the year
2011. 13.68 crore domestic tourists and 33.08 lakh foreign tourists have visited the State
in 2011. The State Tourism Department is taking action to increase the tourist arrivals and
also the period of stay. Road Shows will be conducted to promote domestic tourism in
major States namely, Gujarat, Maharashtra, West Bengal, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh
during 2012-2013.
3.10.1.5 Hotels

38

TTDC is at present operating 25 Hotels. TTDC has already upgraded 506 Rooms out
of 777 Rooms in these 25 Hotels. Action is taken to upgrade the remaining Rooms in a
phased manner. TTDC has taken initiatives for booking of rooms in TTDC Hotels and
Tours by the Tourists through their Mobiles. This will be launched shortly. Action is taken
to outsource the House-Keeping activities in all TTDC Hotels.
3.10.1.6 E-Governance initiative in TTDC
TTDC has earned the distinction of being the first State Tourism Corporation to introduce
on-line booking of Tours and Hotels. TTDC has earned a sum of Rs 280 lakhs through
on-line bookings during 2011-12 compared to Rs215 lakhs during the previous year.
3.10.1.7 Boat Houses
TTDC is having Boat Houses at Muttukadu, Mudaliarkuppam, Pichavaram, Yercaud,
Kodaikanal, Courtallam, Ooty and Pykara. TTDC had launched a 32-seater Cruiser at
Boat House, Mudaliarkuppam on 12.1.2012. Action is being taken to replace old Boats
with new Boats. To ensure safely of the passengers, wearing of Life Jackets has been
made mandatory during Boat rides in all the Boat Houses of TTDC.
3.10.1.8 Transport Division
TTDC is at present having a fleet of 23 Coaches and is operating Tours ranging from
half-a-day to 15 days. More than 30 Tours are organized for the benefit of Tourists.
TTDC is also organizing LTC Tours for the benefit of Government employees availing
LTC facility. Action is being taken by TTDC to introduce new Coaches with all facilities.

3.11 Concessions to senior citizens and differently abled persons

TTDC is Extending 20% concession to senior citizens and 25% concession to
differently abled persons for availing TTDCS facilities.

39

3.12 Tamil Nadu Tourism at a Glance

Concessions to senior citizens and differently abled persons

TTDC is Extending 20% concession to senior citizens and 25% concession to
differently abled persons for availing TTDCS facilities.
3.11Tamil Nadu Tourism at a Glance
1.

No. of Tourist Offices:

24

(18 in Tamil Nadu & 6 in other States)

2. No. of Tourist Information Centres:

23

(17 in Tamil Nadu & 6 in other States)

3. No. of World Heritage Monuments:
4. No. of Monuments maintained by

State Archaeology Department:

85

5. No. of Monuments maintained by

Archaeological Survey of India inTamil Nadu:
6. No. of Forts:
7. No. of Museums:
8. No. of Temples maintained by Hindu
Religious and Charitable Endowment
40

247
11
21

Board:

38436

9. No. of Major Ports:

10. No. of Major Hill Stations:
11. Second longest Beach: Marina13Kms (Chennai).
12. Highest Peak in Tamil Nadu:Doddabetta
13. No. of International Airports:
14. No. of Domestic Airports:
15. Total length of Railway line inTamil Nadu:
16. Total number of Youth Hostels:
17. Total number of TTDC Hotels:
18. Total number of Boat Houses:
19. Total number of Coaches:
20. Total no. of Telescope Houses:
21. Amusement Parks:

3
12
(2636 mtrs)
1
6
3941 kms.
7
55
9
25
3
23

3.12 TOURIST OFFICES AND TOURIST INFORMATION CENTRES

TOURIST OFFICES IN TAMIL NADU
1. Chennai
2. Kanniyakumari
3. Udhagamandalam
4. Kodaikanal
5. Mamallapuram
6. Madurai
7. Rameswaram
8. Thanjavur
9. Tiruchirappalli
10. Tirunelveli
11. Salem
12. Dharmapuri
13. Chidambaram
14. Poompuhar
15. Vellore
16. Coimbatore
17. Karaikudi
41

18. Tiruvannamalai

TOURIST OFFICES IN OTHER STATES:

1. New Delhi
2. Mumbai
3. Kolkata
4. Goa (Panaji)
5. Jaipur
6. Agra
3.13 TOURIST INFORMATION CENTRES IN TAMIL NADU
3.13.1 Airports
1. Chennai (International terminal)
2. Chennai (Domestic terminal)
3. Madurai
4. Coimbatore
5. Tiruchirappalli
3.13.2 Railway Stations
1. Chennai (Central)
2. Chennai (Egmore)
3. Madurai
4. Coimbatore
5. Rameswaram
6. Tiruchirappalli
7. Tirunelveli
3.13.3 Bus Stand

42

1. Chennai Metropolitan Bus Terminus,Koyambedu

3.13.4 Other Places

1. Gudalur (The Nilgiris District)
2. Hotel Tamil Nadu Complex,Thanjavur
3. Panchalankurichi(Thoothukudi District)
4. RamanathaswamiTemplePremises, Rameswaram
3.13.5 Tourist Information Centres in other States
Place

State

1. Railway Junction, Bengaluru

Karnataka

2. Hyderabad

Andhra Pradesh

3. Thiruvananthapuram

Kerala

4. Ahmedabad

Gujarat

5. Bhubaneswar

Orissa

6. Lucknow

Uttar Pradesh

3.14 STATE SCHEME-2013-14

Tourist arrivals to Tamil Nadu are increasing every year. In 2013, Tamil Nadu is
ranked first in Domestic and second in Foreign Tourist arrivals. For the benefit of
Tourists, tourist infrastructure facilities like Rest Shed, Drinking water, Approach road,
Dress changing rooms, Toilets, Lighting, Parking facilities etc, are being provided
through State funds. During 2013-14, sixteen schemes in important tourist places were
sanctioned for Rs.1631.83 lakhs and they are under implementation.

43

3.14.1 Major Initiatives Planned For the Year 2013-14

1. Major improvements at Boat House, Ooty: Boat House, Ooty, is a major Tourist
attraction with

more than 15 lakhs Tourists visiting every year.There is a felt need for

landscaping and providing other improvements at Boat House Ooty. A Master for
improvement of Boat House, Ooty, has been drawn up for providing landscaping and
other improvement works at Boat House, Ooty, in a holistic manner in consultation with
professional architects. The landscaping and improvement works at Boat House, Ooty,
will be taken up during the year 2013-14 at an estimated cost ofRs. 5.30 crores. HADP
would provide funds to the tune of Rs.3.30 crores, TTDC would provide rest of the funds
to the tune ofRs. 2 crores.
2. The financial powers of Hotel Managers are being enhanced to facilitate speedy
execution of the urgent repairs at the Hotels and thereby improve the maintenance
standards in these Hotels.
3. Additional construction of 21 Rooms at an estimated cost ofRs. 2 crores will be taken
up at Hotel Tamil Nadu, Rameswaram.
4. New Tourist Home with 15 Rooms will be constructed at Tirukadaiyur at a cost ofRs.
120 lakhs.
5. 326 Teakwood Costs will be purchased to replace old Costs in all major Hotels at an
estimated cost ofRs. 52 lakhs.
6. 534 Foam Mattresses and 858 Foam Pillows will be purchased at an estimated cost
ofRs. 99 lakhs to replace old and worn-out Mattresses and Pillows in all major Hotels.
7. Modern furniture will be provided in major Hotels at a cost of Rs.26 lakhs.
8. 3 Generators of 250 KVA, 1 Generator of 125 KVA and 1 Generator of 62.5 KVA will
be installed in 5 major Hotels at an estimated cost ofRs. 98 lakhs.
9. Passenger Lift will be installed at Hotel Tamil Nadu, Tiruchy and Tiruchendur at an
estimated cost ofRs. 40 lakhs.

44

10. Modern Kitchen equipments will be purchased at an estimated cost ofRs. 77 lakhs
for five major Hotels.
11. Six Hi- tech Coaches will be purchased at an estimated cost ofRs. 245 lakhs to
replace the existing old Coaches.
3.14.2 Oceanarium at Mamallapuram
In this years budget, 2013-2014, it has been announced that a world class
oceanarium will be set up at Mamallapuram with technical guidance from the Fisheries
Department.Rs.250 crores has been provided for it. The oceanarium is proposed on land
belonging to TTDC. Tamil Nadu History- Maritime Heritage Museum and a Submarine
Museum a Tamil Nadu History- Maritime Heritage Museum and a Submarine museum is
also proposed at Mamallapuram. The submarine ex-INS vagli was handed over to the
Government of Tamil Nadu represented by the Hon. Minister for Finance,
Thiru.O.Pannerselvam and the Hon.Minister for Tourism Thiru.P,ChendurPandian by the
Navy at Chennai port on 10.04.2013.
3.15 THREATS
There appear not too many threats to tourism in Tamil Nadu. Yet, these are outlined
as follows:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Luxuary tax is too high. Service tax is high too.

Fluctuating tariff in budget hotels and other private hotels.
Entry fees for foreigners is prohibitive.
Camera entry ticket at many places/spots is higher than the entry fee for

tourists/people.
5. Health and rejuvenation facilities in Kerala that is already much developed in
Tourism industry and offers rejuvenation (ayurvedic massage etc) is a threat. At
times, it can become advantage for the common boundary between the two
states and close location of destinations such as Kanyakumari and Ooty.
6. Language problem for the local people.
7. Understanding the local language for the tourists.
3.16 MAJOR INITIATIVES PLANNED FOR THE YEAR 2014-15(TTDC)

45

1. Up-grading of 28 Rooms at Hotel Tamil Nadu, Kodaikanal at a cost ofRs. 95

lakhs.
2. Up-gradation of 10 Rooms and conversion of Conference Hall into three Family
Rooms at Hotel Tamil Nadu, Tiruchendur at a cost ofRs. 70 lakhs.
3. Refurbishment of 15 Cottages at Hotel Tamil Nadu, Tiruchendur, at an
estimated cost ofRs. 47 lakhs.
4. Up-gradation of 15 Cottages at Hotel Tamil Nadu, Yercaud, at an estimated cost
ofRs. 47 lakhs.
5. Up-gradition of Bar at Hotel Tamil Nadu, Hogenakkal, at an estimated cost of
Rs.15 lakhs.
6. Up-gradition of 12 Rooms at Hotel Tamil Nadu, Courtallam, at a cost ofRs. 30
lakhs.
7. Up-gradition of 36 Rooms and Corridor at Hotel Tamil Nadu, Ooty, at a cost
ofRs. 116 lakhs.
8. Up-gradition of Youth Hostel,Ooty, at a cost ofRs. 41 lakhs.
9. Up-gradition of 17 Rooms at Hotel Tamil Nadu, Hogenakkal, at a cost ofRs. 40
lakhs.
10. Construction of new restaurant at Hotel Tamil Nadu, Tiruvannamalai, at a cost
ofRs. 42 lakhs.
11. Construction of Compound Wall at Hotel Tamil Nadu, Tiruvannamalai, at a cost
ofRs. 20 lakhs.
12. Construction of Conference Hall at Hotel Tamil Nadu, Hosur, at a cost ofRs. 40
lakhs.
13. Construction of Compound Wall at Hotel Tamil Nadu, Tiruchendur, at a cost
ofRs. 25 lakhs.
14. Passenger Lift will be provided at Hotel Tamil Nadu, Tiruchendur, at a cost
ofRs. 25 lakhs.
15. Refurbishment of Snack Bar at Botanical Garden, Ooty, at a cost ofRs. 35 lakhs.
16. Refurbishment of Doddapetta Telescope House at an estimated cost ofRs. 32
lakhs.
17. Improvement works at Telescope House, Doddapetta, at an estimated cost ofRs.
15 lakhs and improvement work at Boat House, Ooty, at an estimated cost ofRs.
33 lakhs will be taken up under HADP Scheme.
18. Purchase of five Luxury Coaches at an estimated cost ofRs. 170 lakhs.
3.17 Infrastructure Development Government of India schemes

46

Ministry of Tourism, Government of India has sanctioned the following 4 Mega

Tourism projects to promote tourism in the state.

S.No

Name of the scheme

Amt sanctioned by
MOT,GOI(Rs.in
lakhs)

1.

Development of Madurai as
pilgrimage heritage circuit(Mega
project)

1255.45

607.99

2.

Development of Rameswaram as
pilgrimage heritage circuit(Mega
project)

1000.75

607.99

3.

Development of Kanniyakumari as
pilgrimage heritage circuit(Mega
project)

1375.50

607.99

4.

Development of the place of

Thanjavur (Mega project)

1475.00

737.50

5106.70

2561.47

Total

Amt released by
MOT,GOI(Rs.in
lakhs)

These Mega Tourism projects will becompleted during the current year.
3.18 Master Plan
The continuous increase of touristArrivals is having a direct bearing on
theInfrastructural requirements, civicamenities, and waste management andcapacity
building training to meet thechallenging situations.The religious events, festivals
andauspicious functions, generate heavytraffic at a particular destination which isbeyond
the carrying capacity of the place.Further, the eco-sensitive destinations inthe hill areas,
forest areas, beaches, backwaters, etc. also require a long termperspective plan to
withstand theincreasing flow of the tourist traffic. This has necessitated a futuristic plan
forimplementation over a period forsustainable development.The task of preparing
TourismMaster Plan for Tamil Nadu was entrustedto M/s. HUDCO, Chennai.
Accordingly,the Tourism Master Plan has beenprepared after studying all the districtsand
47

taking the views of the District Collectors and stake-holders. The Masterplan envisages a
total outlay of Rs.1, 611crores and a major private sector role inareas of commercial
infrastructure. TheState Government will formulate schemeswith reference to this
Tourism MasterPlan to promote Tourism in the State.
3.19 Financial Performance
The financial performance of TTDC has been very good during the past SIX years
as detailed below: (Rupees in Crores)
Year

Turnover

Net Profit

2008-09

70.25

02.25

2009-10

78.13

03.66

2010-11

92.72

02.64

2011-12

102.34

13.50

2012-13

106.59

16.26

2013-14(provisional)

108.76

11.95

Average

08.37

Std dev

06.23

AGR

22.86

CGR

08.60

3.20 HONBLE TAMIL NADU CHIEF MINISTERS ANNOUNCEMENT UNDER

RULE 110
Under Rule 110 of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly, the Honble Chief
Minister has made an announcement on 10.5.2013 for up-gradation of the State Institute
of Hotel Management and Catering Technology, Thuvakkudi, Tiruchirappalli at a cost
ofRs. 5 crores. Administrative sanction was accorded for a sum of 5Rs.crores. In the year
2013-2014, a sum ofRs. 1.33 crores was sanctioned for up gradation of existing
infrastructure. The work is being executed.

48

3.21 NEW PROJECTS- ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK ASSISTED TOURISM

PROJECTS
Tamil Nadu is one of the four States (Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand and
Tamil Nadu) selected by the Government of India for Integrated Development of Tourist
Infrastructure through Asian Development Bank (ADB) Loan Assistance of 450 crores
approximately. The following two priority Circuits have been selected for strengthening
tourist infrastructure in Tamil Nadu.
3.21.1East Coast Circuit- (Pilgrimage and Heritage Circuit)
(a) Covering Kancheepuram, Cuddalore, Nagapattinam, Thiruvarur and Thanjavur
Districts.
(b) Improvement of Boat Houses, Improvements at Ooty Lake area.
3.21.2 Southern Circuit-(Pilgrimage and Eco-Circuit)
Covering Pudukottai, Sivagangai, Madurai, Ramanathapuram, Tirunelveli,
Thoothukudi and Kanniyakumari Districts.
The East- Coast Circuit will be taken up first, followed by Southern Circuit. ADB
Team has identified nine Sub-Projects and submitted Sub- Appraisal Reports(SAR) for
East Coast Circuit for implementation in Phase-I The State Government has issued orders
constituting the State Level Steering Committee under the Chairmanship of Minister for
Tourism and Empowered Committee under the Chairmanship of the Chief Secretary, for
the speedy implementation for the ADB assisted projects. The Project Loan Agreement
has been signed by the State Government with the Asian Development Bank on 2-4-2012
at New Delhi.
3.22 DEVELOPMENT APPROACH FOR 2014-2015
To declare Clean and Green Zones around tourist attractions by the local
bodies.
To create and develop integrated tourism circuits based on our unique
civilization, heritage and culture in partnership with States, private sector and
other agencies.
To develop Tamil Nadu as an All Seasons, All Budget Tourist Destination.
49

 To showcase Wellness Tourism potential.

To make Tourism as everybodys business, so as to have peoples participation.
Conducting Marketing Meets with tour operators, travel agents at important
countries, which are contributing to tourist arrivals to our State.
To project the uniqueness and inimitable nature of our cultural heritage.
To analyse tourist behavior and their needs to evolve packages for each of the
target markets.
Special Home Coming packages for ethnic Indian population in Mauritius,
Malaysia and other Countries.
Adventure Tourism and Beach Tourism to be promoted in a big way through
experts.
Art, Culture and Crafts are to be promoted under Cultural Tourism.
Promotion of MICE Tourism- Tamil Nadu has excellent facilities for
Conferences and Exhibitions. MICE Tourism (Meetings, Incentives, Conferences
and Exhibitions) will be promoted to attract large segments of Businessmen,
Industrialists, Investors, Specialists, and Artists etc. to make Tamil Nadu as a hub
for their national and international activities.
Human Resources Development- For enhancing the quality of tourist services,
Capacity BuildingTraining will be conducted for the stake holders, utilizing the
expertise in the industry and catering institutes.
Digital/ Electronic Media for Tourism Publicity- Wide publicity will be given
through print and electronic media for attracting large number of tourists to our
State.
3.22.2 Tourism Investment and Brand Promotion
To attain the Vision Tamil Nadu 2023 under the guidance of Honble Chief
Minister, to make Tamil Nadu as an attractive tourist destination, the department will
identify Brand Ambassadors with international acclaim and standing to promote Tamil
Nadu all over the world.

3.22.3State Schemes-2013-14
Tourist arrivals to Tamil Nadu are increasing every year. In 2013, Tamil Nadu is
ranked first in Domestic and Second in Foreign Tourists arrivals. For the benefit of
50

Tourists, tourist infrastructure facilities like Rest Shed, Drinking water, Approach road,
Dress changing rooms, Toilets, Lighting, Parking facilities etc., are being provided
through State funds. During 2013-14, sixteen schemes in important tourist places were
sanctioned for 1631.83 lakhs and they are under implementation.
TABLE 3.10
Table showing schemes proposed for 2014-15
S.No.
1.

Name of the Schemes

Tiruvarur District-Muthupet Lagoon area Eco-Tourism

Amount(in lakhs)
117.70

2.

Development works
Construction of 5th floor in Tourism Complex-Chennai-2.
Implementation of e-governance, purchase of computers

102.00

3.

and other equipments for the Directorate and District

14.00

Tourism Offices.
Total
Source: Tamil Nadu Tourism Development Corporation

233.70

3.22.4New Initiatives of the Tamil Nadu Tourism Development Corporation

Introduction of new Tours in the Districts will be examined on need basis with
private partnership.
Efforts will be taken to introduce Fast Food Catering in select places in the State.
3.23 The major and important tourist developed places of Tamil Nadu
The issue of tourism development and its promotion is very significant as far as
the Tamil Nadu state is concerned. In the changing economic global scenario, the Govt.
of India and state govt. have understood the importance and significance of tourism
industry. In case of the state, tourism has developed more easily like other already
developed states [Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, U.P., Goa, Rajasthan and H.P.].
Being the strategic location of the state, surrounded by the Bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea
and Indian Ocean and Southernmost state of Indian peninsular.Keeping in view the area
of largest coastline with full of beautiful beaches and spectacular ancient temples,
waterfalls, hill station and rarest picturesque hills, the tourist are now choosing Tamil
Nadu as their best choice of tourist destination. The region has also become now the
51

major tourist hub of not only India but almost all foreign tourists. Hence, it has become
the first choice for millions of tourists over the years being well connected to air, train,
and road including ports to all the major cities of the country as well as important cities
of world that is why maximum tourists are choosing Tamil Nadu as their best choice of
tourist destination. Secondly, the whole state has the distinction to consist of the vast
coastline and possessing large number of tourist centres particularly pilgrims oriented
tourist centres in India. Thirdly, the whole of the shoreline of at least 1074 km in length is
dotted with lot of beautiful and peaceful beaches which psychologically attracts
maximum number of tourists from all part of the globe. The best features of the entire
coastal region is that here the tourist can find the beaches ranging from isolated ones to
crowded ones.
3.24Tourism 2020 Vision
Tourism 2020 Vision is the World Tourism Organization's long-term forecast and
assessment of the development of tourism up to the first 20 years of the new millennium.
An essential outcome of the Tourism 2020 Vision are quantitative forecasts covering a 25
years period, with 1995 as the base year and forecasts for 2010 and 2020.
Although the evolution of tourism in the last few years has been irregular,
UNWTO maintains its long-term forecast for the moment. The underlying structural
trends of the forecast are believed not to have significantly changed. Experience shows
that in the short term, periods of faster growth (1995, 1996, and 2000) alternate with
periods of slow growth (2001 to 2003). While the pace of growth till 2000 actually
exceeded the Tourism 2020 Vision forecast, it is generally expected that the current
slowdown will be compensated in the medium to long term.

52

Source: UNWTO
UNWTO's Tourism 2020 Vision forecasts that international arrivals are expected
to reach nearly 1.6 billion by the year 2020. Of these worldwide arrivals in 2020, 1.2
billion will be intraregional and 378 million will be long-haul travellers.
The total tourist arrivals by region shows that by 2020 the top three receiving
regions will be Europe (717 million tourists), East Asia and the Pacific (397 million) and
the Americas (282 million), followed by Africa, the Middle East and South Asia.
East Asia and the Pacific, Asia, the Middle East and Africa are forecasted to
record growth at rates of over 5% year, compared to the world average of 4.1%. The
more mature regions Europe and Americas are anticipated to show lower than average
growth rates. Europe will maintain the highest share of world arrivals, although there will
be a decline from 60 per cent in 1995 to 46 per cent in 2020.

53

Table 3.11
GOVERNMENT OF TAMILNADU PROJECTION ON TOURISM OF THE
STATE
PROJECTIONS

2011

2020

Arrival of Foreign Tourists ( in Lakhs)

6.56

6.37

Employment Generation by Tourism (in Lakhs)

5.80

9.82

Arrival of Domestic Tourism (in Lakhs)

450.32

820.63

Revenue due to Tourism(in Lakhs)

56140

125412

(Source: Tourism Annual Report 2010-2011, p.80 India tourism)

3.25 PROBLEMS OF TOURISM
We will discuss these problems under heads:
(a) Effects on Environment
(b) Effects on local economy
(c) Effects on local cultures
A. Effects on Environment
Environment remains a source of tourist attraction as long as it is not damaged
beyond control. But it needs a greater care to protect all its components from the harmful
effect of mass tourism. The soil particles get compacted or dislodged under an unbearable
pressure of pony traffic or of human feet. Heavier vehicular traffic creates ruts on asphalt
or on the soil of tourist trails. The run-off of water or snow melt from the rutted surface
and from over the compacted soil increases. The valuable top soil from jungle tracks and

54

along hill slopes once lost distracts the tourist. A greater runoff may even harm the roads
and the foundations of buildings in the tourist area.

The litter of non-degradable materials like plastics, tins or chemical pollutants are
found scattered all over the sites, even on the seasonally important camping grounds. The
general tourists and the trekkers need to be told to keep their routes and destinations
clean. An unmanageable rush of tourists to any open space in the wilderness kills the
grasses. Hardier and less desirable species start replacing the original plant cover. A
declining biodiversity as a result of all sorts of human activity is decried in the latest
United Nations Report on assessment of ecosystems. The wild animals and the birds
always move away to avoid human contact. If it is not possible for them to keep away,
they may even die. The loss of ground shelter, bad quality of water, frequent dredging of
silt from wetlands, silting of wetlands and an excessive noise disturb the wild life. In
JawaharLal Nehrus words, Man continues to be not only wild but more dangerous than
any of the so-called wild animalsin spite of our culture and civilization.
Many of our ancient monuments are not looked after properly to retain their age
old attractions. Heavy rush of tourists day in and day out in Ajanta, Ellora and Elephanta
caves is reported to be creating an excessive amount of humidity. It checks free
circulation of air inside them. It has led to the deterioration of wall paintings and the rock
frescoes. The choked sewers close to the popular tourist destination of Jaisalmers fort
town is a dirty sight. The temples and the statues of Hampi show a number of scars as a
result of badly applied techniques of restoration. The vibrations caused by the taking off
and the landing of aero planes at a runway too close to the Khajuraho temples are
harming the sculptures. This air route was opened mostly for carrying the hordes of
hurrying tourists. Even JantarMantar at Delhi is no longer functioning astronomically
because the unchecked construction of sky scrapers around does not admit the required
sunlight to its structures.
B. Effect on Local Economy

55

An irregulated rush of visitors to areas of tourist interest also puts a great pressure
on local resources. The first effect of tourism is in the transfer of money from one region
to another through the travel of tourists. In itself, it is a welcome development. However,
flow of money into relatively less developed region raises new issues. There is a hike in
the price of land because of the greater demand for construction of hotels for the tourists.
The prices of daily needs especially of perishable goods like milk, eggs, vegetables and
fruits shoot up in the upcoming tourist place. A rise in the wages of labour occupied in the
service of tourists takes place the generation and rise in income are happy signs. This
situation soon after leads to the increase of a large number of working people
Fromneighboring areas of stagnant economy. If they are constantly coming into a
few already popular tourist destinations unemployment problem may cease to stop
despite the creation of new jobs in initial stages. This situation goes on changing if the
growth of new tourist sites or tourist industry in the existing one keeps pace with it. Even
a modest rush of tourists during the short peak season to mountain resorts puts a great
strain on local supply of water and electricity. The provision of package tours by a
separate fleet of buses fails to meet the increasing demands of the visitors in a developing
country like India. The sharing of many of these amenities by the local people and the
tourists leads to the suffering of the former by short supplies and higher costs. The gains
in employment may result in loss of social welfare for the local residents in such a
situation. Rising prices of land may force out small lands owners. The farming population
may start declining
Slowly by the shifting of manpower to popular tourist spots to pick up jobs
there.The productivity of agricultural land is likely to get lowered in the affected region.
These and many others are essentially problems of transitional nature. The matching of
massive numbers of tourists with the carrying capacity of major tourist resorts in terms of
growth of facilities needs prior planning. The tourist resources,
Even unused ones, are perishable if the pressure of tourist traffic on local
economy is not kept within its limits.

56

 Even a modest but unregulated rush of tourists raises the wages of labour, prices
of land and of articles of daily use in the tourist region.
More demand and less supply of water and power, shared by both the tourists and
the local residents, creates shortagesthe worse sufferers are always the
indigenous people.
Tourist carrying capacity of a resort needs to be matched to the growing tourist
traffic and the increase in the number of incoming job seekers to check these
problems
C. Effect on Local Cultures
Economic benefits of tourism are always welcomed in less developed countries
like India. But its social effects are not easy to digest. They arouse reaction among the
people living in the tourist regions. It is the result of the clash of two different sets of
values. It was said by no less a person than Gandhiji that nations live neither on
democracy alone nor on economic growth. They must retain a sense of their own identity
by keeping alive the pride in their heritage. Needless to say that since Independence of
India, a greater care has been taken by our people to revive their arts and cultures in a bid
to sharpen the identities of different regions of the country. But there was an attempt to
hurt the pride in our heritage and culture. It crossed its limits when there was once a talk
to take over the popular beach town of Mahabalipuram near Chennai for converting it
into a wholesale tourist place.
It has been historically more famous for its ethnic art and sculpture. The
international intervention would have virtually led to the moving out of local people,
dedicated for long to express their legends into stones through sculpture. It would have
paved the way giving full freedom to foreigners including their females to lie freely on its
beaches. A fashion craze which does not fit in with Indian custom. By accepting it as an
international tourist town, the expected clash of cultures between the visitors and the
locals could have been avoided in one stroke.
3.26 TOURISM IN TAMILNADU

57

DETAILS OF SANCTIONED SCHEMES DURING 2011-2012

Improvement of Roads
Tamil Nadu has the best road connectivity. The roads leading to tourist destinations are
improved for the convenience of tourists.
Development of Roads in Tourism SectorAsian Development Bank assisted
Infrastructure Development Investment Program for Tourism (IDIPT)
The Infrastructure Development Investment Program for Tourism was approved
by ADB as a Multi-tranche Financing Facility (MFF) for Tamil Nadu. The Investment
Program targets enhanced economic growth and provision of livelihood opportunities for
local communities through tourism infrastructure development. The Investment Program
consists of five components viz.

Quality Enhancement of Natural and Cultural Attractions

Urban Infrastructure and Service Improvement
Connectivity improvement and signatures
Community based activities and
Capacity Development, Community Participant and Project Management.
The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has formulated the Technical Assistance

(TA) program to enhance the capacities of tourism department and other associated
implementing agencies in Tamil Nadu. The project will strengthen the tourism sector in
the state which will be measured by the increase in arrivals, length of stay of tourists in
the destinations and increased spending of tourists. All these are expected to result in
additional employment, economic development and improved living conditions for the
local population, including the poor. Total outlay of ADB assisted project is US$ 100
million (500 Crores approximately) for the period of five years. The project will be
funded through the assistance of ADB to an extent of 70% (350 Crores) and balance
30%(150Crores) through States funds.
HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT

58

Guide Training Programme

Guides play a vital role in tourism promotion. They are responsible for projecting
the right image of the country, giving factual information, caring for the safety of the
tourists and ensuring their pleasant stay. Tamil Nadu Tourism in co-ordination with the
Anna Institute of Management, Chennai conducts Guide TrainingPrograms for the
unemployed youth and retired government officials. Identity cards have been given to the
264 trained Guides so far. During 2012-13, guide Training will be given for 482 persons.
Capacity Building Training
Training is imparted for the local community in Rural Tourism Sites, Front Office
Staff in Corporate Hotels, Drivers of Taxies and Auto- rickshaws and the personnel
handling tourists at Airports and Railway Stations.
Hunar Se RozgarTakSkill Development Training
Under Hunar Se RozgarTak scheme of Government of India, skill development
training is imparted in Hospitality Sector through Catering Institutes. So far 3337 persons
have been trained in Food Craft and Culinary arts, House Keeping, Room Service etc. by
the Government Catering Institutes at Chennai and Trichy.
Tourist Security Organization
Tourist Security Organization is functioning in the Tourism Department. It has a
Chief Tourist Warden stationed at Chennai to co-ordinate with the Station Tourist
Wardens at five centres, namely, Mamallapuram, Rameswaram, Kanniyakumari,
Kodaikanal and Udhagamandalam. Each centre has 5 Wardens. The existing strength of
30 Wardens will be increased and women will also be recruited for each centre. It will be
expanded to other important tourist centres. Five two wheelers have been provided to the
Tourist Security Wardens.
Ministry of Tourism, Government of India encourages the establishment of
Tourist Security Organization and has appreciated the lead role played by Tamil Nadu

59

Tourism. Performance of the Tourist Security Organization has been well appreciated by
the visiting tourists and local public and it has been published in print media.

Publicity and Marketing

The unlimited tourism potential of the State needs to be highlighted
internationally, so that the Tourist arrivals can be increased manifold.. FAM tours
(familiarization tours) will be conducted for Travel writers and Tour operators, Charter
flight operators and Cruise operators will be actively involved.
A large number of Tourists are coming from Singapore, Malaysia, South Africa,
Mauritius, UK, USA, Germany, France, Belgium, Italy, Spain, Israel, Russia,
Netherlands, Scandinavian countries, Australia and New Zealand. An aggressive
marketing campaign in these countries can make a major impact in realizing the tourism
potential. At International Travel Marts, all important members of travel and hospitality
industry congregate under one roof. Tourism Department promotes the destinations at
these Marts. Tamil Nadu is ranked second in foreign tourist arrivals. Special efforts are
taken to attain number one position. Tamil Nadu will be showcased in major International
Travel Marts like International Tourism Bourse (ITB-Berlin-March 2013) and World
Travel Marts (WTM-London-November 2012).
Marketing meets are planned in source countries- Netherlands, Switzerland and
France in co-ordination with India Tourism. Familiarization Tours for overseas Tour
Operators and Travel Writers will be arranged to promote Tamil Nadu. According to India
Tourism Statistics for the year 2010, 11.16 crore domestic tourists and 28.05 lakh foreign
tourists have visited TamilNadu. The tourist arrivals have further gone up in the year
2011. 13.68 crore domestic tourists and 33.08 lakh foreign tourists have visited the State
in 2011. Road Shows will be conducted to promote domestic tourism in major States
namely, Gujarat, Maharashtra, West Bengal, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh during 20122013.

60

3.11 TOURIST ARRIVALS GROWTH RATE IN TAMIL NADU

The following table shows increasing trend of domestic and foreign tourists
arrivals of Tamil nadu from 2001 to 2012 it has shown well growth of Tamilnadu tourism
in 2001the growth rate is 3.4 of tourists arrivals in domestic and foreign. It has increased
up to 2004 whereas it shows a decreasing rate in 2005, but in 2005 the growth rate has
boosted up to 21 % and it reaches 34 % of growth rate in 2012.
TABLE 3.12
Tourist arrivals growth rate in Tamil Nadu during the year

GrowthRat

2002

22981882

8.73

786165

8.82

23768047

8.73

2003

23812043

3.61

773073

-1.67

24585116

3.44

2004

24661754

3.57

804641

4.08

25466395

3.58

2005

27059002

9.72

901504

12.04

27960506

9.79

2006

30076832

11.15

1058012

17.36

31134844

11.35

2007

32339478

7.52

1179319

11.47

33518787

7.66

2008

39214721

21.26

1335661

13.26

40550382

20.98

2009

50647188

29.15

1753103

31.25

52400291

29.22

2010

62618252

23.64

2040419

16.39

64658671

23.39

2011

78037607

24.62

2369050

16.11

80406657

24.36

2012

103010435

32.00

2804504

18.38

105814939

31.60

2013

136750750

32.75

3308438

17.97

140059188

32.36

2014

184136840

34.65

3561740

7.66

187698580

34.01

61

rate (%)

Total

Growthper

Domestic

e (%)

Foreign

Growth

Year

centage

Average

16.46133

12.50933

16.35467

Std dev

12.21884

8.069493

12.02611

AGR

34.65

7.66

34.01

CGR

16.56571

12.33143

16.45143

The above table shows the year wise growth rate of domestic and foreign tourist
who arrived in to Tamil Nadu state.Tamilnadu is now ranked third in attracting both
domestic and foreign tourists. The best time to visit Tamilnadu is between Octobers to
February, when the weather condition is remain pleasant and enchanting. The length of
stay of average tourists in Tamilnadu is four to five days in case of domestic tourist and
seven days in case of foreign tourist.Number of domestic tourist arrival is increased to
34.65% in the year 2012 from 32.75% in 2011.Number of foreign tourist arrival is
decreased to 7.66% in the year 2012 from 17.97% in 2011. A negative growth was found
in the year 2001(-1.67%). Because of economic recession, frequent hikes in the passenger
fare in the transport of accommodation, weather condition and natural disaster are the
reason for the negative growth rate.Tourist arrivals growth rate in Tamil Nadu -20012012 for domestic tourist is calculated as average is 16.46, standard deviation is 12.21,
annual growth rate is 34.65 and compound growth rate is 16.56. Tourist arrivals growth
rate in Tamil Nadu -2001-2012is measured as average is 16.35, standard deviation is
12.02, annual growth rate is 34.01 and compound growth rate is 16.45.
3.12 CONCLUSION
India is one of the few countries with a long history of uninterrupted civilization
spread over 5000 years, has provided a strong ground for tourism promotion.The tourist
arrivals in TamilNadu showed an increasing trend. The tourist arrivals in Tamilnadu are
increased in the year 2007. The dominating centres for tourist attraction are Chennai,
Madurai, Kodaikanal. Udhagamandalam, Rameswaram, kanniyakumari etc., among the
26 tourist centres recognized in Tamil Nadu Tourism Development Corporation Limited.
Taking into account the purposewise tourist arrivals to TamilNadu, business and

62

industrial purpose tour came first position followed by pilgrim purpose tour, hill station
tour, historical places tour, natural and sightseeing purpose tour etc.,
The arrivals of tourist to particular tourist center depend upon the tourism
products available in the tourist center. Tourism products comprise of tourism-oriented
products, resident oriented product and background-tourism elements. Among the
tourism products the basic and important product, which lures the tourists is background
tourism elements. Hence this study has taken into account the number of tourist arrivals
in the tourist centers at the Dindigul district. Accommodation is another basic need to
tourists, which makes the tourists, stay at a particular tourists center provided it is well
furnished and hygienic this will increase the duration of stay on the part of tourists,
ultimately the tourism activity in this district.

63