Tutorial #4: CT-VT

Question # 1:
The conductor of one phase of a three-phase transmission line operating at 345 kV, 600 MVA, has a
CT and a VT connected to it. The VT is connected between the line and ground as shown in Fig. 1.
The CT ratio is 1200:5 and the VT ratio is 3000:1. Determine the CT secondary current and VT
secondary voltage.
System
i(t)
v(t)

Fig. 1
The VT secondary voltage is:
345 3 10 3
V
66.4 V
3000

The current flowing through the line is:

600 10 6
I
1004.2.4 A
3 345 10 3
Therefore the CT secondary current is:
1004.2.4 5
I
4.2 A
1200

Question # 2:
Consider the single-phase CVT shown in Fig. 2. The open circuit voltage requirement of the CVT is
100 V, while the line voltage connected across terminal A is 100 kV. Find the values of C1 and C2
such that there is no phase displacement between the line voltage and the output of the CVT. The
leakage inductance (L) of the transformer is 1 mH and the supply frequency is 50 Hz.

Fig. 2
Consider the circuit of Fig. 2. The open-circuit voltage across C2 is given by
VB

V A 1 j C 2
C1
VA
1 j C1 1 j C 2
C1 C 2

Now we want 100 V at the output of the VT, which has a turns ratio of 100:1. Therefore,
100 100 100 10 3

C1
C1 C 2 10C1
C1 C 2

C 2 9C1

Again from the phase shift requirement, we have

2 C1 C 2

C1 C 2

1
10 3

C1 1013.2 F
10
1
2 L
(2 50) 2

C 2 9C1 9 1013,2 F C 2 9118.9 F

Question # 3:

The circuit has an A phase to ground fault on the line, with fault current magnitude of 16 kA at 0.
The circuit of Fig.1 has 1000:5 class C100 CTs. Given the following:
CT Winding Resistance RC = 0.342
Burden resistance for phase relay Rph = 0.50
Burden resistance for E/F relay RE = 0.59
Leed Resistance (One leed) RL = 0.224
Calculate,
a. the current seen by the secondary of the CT, Ias.
b. the total connected resistance seen by the phase CT, RT.
c. the CT Secondary Voltage for phase to ground fault, Vs.
d. Does the CT get Saturated at the above LG fault current?
Fig. 1

Solution

a. Secondary Fault Current

Ias = If/CTR =16000/(1000/5) =16000/200 = 80 A.
b. Total connected resistance seen by the phase CT,
RT = RC + Rph + RE + RL
RT = 0.342 + 0.50 + 0.59 + 0.448 = 1.88 .
c. CT secondary voltage for ground fault:
Vs = Ias RT
Vs = 801.88=150.4V~150V
A CT with a saturation voltage of 100 V would experience substantial saturation for this fault. This
saturation would cause a large reduction in the current delivered

Question #4:

A distribution feeder has 600 /5 C 100 CT with a knee point 100 Volt. A three phase fault of If =
10200 A occurs at F as shown in Fig. Q3.
a. Calculate the voltage developed across CT if the phase relay burden resistance ZR =0.10, the
lead resistance RL = 0.50, and the CT resistance RS = 0.40.
b. Will this fault current lead to CT saturation?
c. If not, at what fault level, the CT will saturate?

CT R 600:5

System
O/C R

If = 10200 A

Fig. Q4

Solution:

Effective impedance seen by the CT

VS

= RS + RL + ZR
(0.40 (0.5) 0.10)
= 1.0
I S 1
10200 / 120 1.0 85V

Not Saturated.
Since, the knee point is 100 V the CT will saturate at 100 V corresponding to If = 12000 A.