Rolex Daytona: The Legacy of a Beach Boy

By Martin Green
October 10, 2016

The genius that was Hans Wilsdorf revolutionized watchmaking in more than one way. Not only in a technical
sense, but also by marketing them in a way that was quite revolutionary for the time. For instance, Wilsdorf
equipped Mercedes Gleitze in 1927 with a Rolex when she made history swimming across the British Channel,
proving her own strength and resilience and that of her Rolex as well. But at that time watches were not the only
product that enjoyed rapid, technical advancements; cars were turning from motorized carriages into the
vehicles we know today. Limits were pushed, records were broken, and many of them happened at Daytona
Beach, Florida.
Wilsdorf recognized it as a place where Rolex belonged, and joined forces with one of the fastest drivers in the
world that raced at Daytona Beach, Sir Malcolm Campbell. As a result, the first celebrity ambassador was
created. Campbell would always wear a Rolex around his wrist and was even featured in various magazine and
newspaper ads for Rolex.
Campbell broke the world land speed record five times at Daytona Beach, yet became concerned with the
deteriorating state of the track and moved to Bonneville Salt Flats in Utah, where he stayed faithful to Rolex.
On September 4, 1935, he steered the legendary Bluebird through the 300 mph barrier, with one of the brands
watches around his wrist.
In 1936, the track at Daytona Beach became the location where the worlds first endurance stock car race was
being held, which was 78 laps, or 250 miles, long. In 1938 management was taken over by William France Sr.,
who would become one of the founding fathers of NASCAR. The track on Daytona Beach would evolve into
the Daytona International Speedway, home of the Daytona 500, and up until today the most prestigious race in
NASCAR.

Just like Campbell, France Sr. was also featured in Rolex advertisements. What is interesting though is that
neither one of them wore a chronograph. France Sr. wore a Rolex Zephyr; Campbell wore the early Oyster
models. Rolex already had chronographs in its collection, powered by Valjoux movements, but it wasnt until
1955 that they introduced a chronograph in an Oyster case. This reference 6234 was not named Daytona yet, but
would later evolve into reference 6238, which comes much closer to the Daytona we know. In fact, the second
series of reference 6238 is referred to, by Rolex connoisseurs, as the Pre-Daytona. Both references 6234 and
6238 featured a 37mm case and was powered by Rolex Caliber 72. This movement was in fact a slightly
reworked version of the Valjoux 72, a reliable manual wind chronograph movement featuring a column wheel.

Reference 6238 is actually also a bona fide Bond-watch, featured on the wrist of George Lazenby, as he takes
on Blofeld at the Piz Gloria, Switzerland, in On Her Majestys Secret Service. The 6238 was a much more
modern looking watch than the 6234, mainly thanks to the dial with its stick hands, rectangle hour markers, and
larger sub-dials. But the bezel was still smooth and polished.
That would change with the introduction of the reference 6239 in 1963. Although Rolex had already registered
the name Cosmograph in 1953, and in 1956 they actually used it on a moon phase model, reference 6239
became the first chronograph to bear this name. To create a more legible dial, Rolex moved the tachymeter
scale from the dial and engraved it into the bezel: a hallmark feature was created. To increase legibility even
more, it was offered with a silver dial and black counters, or reversed, featuring a black dial with silver
counters.
Ironically Rolex first named the chronograph after another famous endurance race, Le Mans, although this only
appeared in a few ads and was never printed on the dial itself. 1965 was the first year that Rolex printed the
name Daytona on the dial. Next step in the Daytonas evolution came when reference 6240 hit the market in
1965. Although Rolex offered a chronograph in an Oyster case a decade earlier, this Daytona was the first one
to feature a screw down crown and pushers, greatly increasing its water resistance and making it more a true
Oyster. This was also the first model that was produced only with a black acrylic bezel.
In the early 1970s Rolex fitted the Cosmograph Daytona with the new caliber 727, which was a Valjoux 72
fine-tuned by Rolex. The case remained 37mm in diameter and Rolex released four new models in rather quick
succession. Reference 6262 featured a steel bezel with an engraved tachymeter scale, while reference 6264
featured a black bezel insert with the tachymeter scale. Both of these references had push-down buttons to
operate the chronograph. This seems like a devolution, since reference 6240 introduced the screw down
pushers, but it was probably more Rolexs intention to let the customers choose between increased water
resistance or a more easy to use chronograph function on their Daytona. Next to the reference 6262 and 6264,
Rolex also introduced reference 6263 (with black bezel insert) and reference 6265 (with engraved steel bezel)
that did feature the screw down chronograph pushers. Waterproof up to 100 meters, they actually stayed in the
collection from 1971 to 1987.

Rolex Cosmograph
Daytona
The 1970s were also the time when another legend became an intricate part of the history of the Daytona. To
mark the start of his racing career in 1972, Joanne Woodward gifted a Rolex Daytona reference 6263, black dial
with white sub-dials, to her husband, movie star Paul Newman. That was the beginning of a lifelong passion for
the Daytona, and a very successful racing career. Newmans most memorable achievement came in 1995, when
at the age of 70 years and eight days old, he finished third overall and won the GT-class of the 24-hour
endurance race at Daytona.

Although Newman wore Daytonas until his death in 2008, one of his most famous ones must have been the
Daytona reference 6241 with so-called exotic dial. What set this dial apart from the other Daytona dials was
the fact that it featured an outer track with the hour and minute indicators that had the same color as the subdials. The sub-dials featured a cross-hair design and the lines were replaced with block markers. The sub-dial
for the running seconds was not divided in the usual 20, 40 and 60 increments, but showed 15, 30, 45 and 60.
Newman wore this Daytona on a military-styled leather strap that he seemed to favor during a photoshoot in
1972. That photo, and Newmans continuing passion for the Daytona, resulted in what we now call the Paul
Newman Daytona.
1988 became a breakthrough year in the history of the line, when Rolex started to produce the new Oyster
Cosmograph Daytona, starting with the reference 16500 series. This watch was a revolution in many ways;
Rolex increased the case size from 37mm to 40mm, replaced the plexiglass for sapphire, but most importantly
the movement was changed. The Daytona was now powered by caliber 4030, the first automatic movement ever
to make it into the Daytona. Caliber 4030 was in fact Zeniths El Primero calibre 400, yet extensively reworked
by Rolex. To even further increase the reliability of this movement, Rolex reduced the beats per hour from
36.000 to 28.800, replaced the escapement and balance wheel, and removed the date function.
By now, mechanical watchmaking was also entering a renaissance. While Rolex had quite a challenge selling its
mechanical chronographs in the past, the demand for the reference 16500 series, especially the steel reference
16520, was so strong that it could not be met. Zenith had a limited supply of the El Primero base movement that
Rolex used. For years Rolex retailers did not have any steel Daytonas in stock, and the waiting list to get one
was counted in years, if you were lucky enough to even make it on one. This of course did not harm the
reputation of the Daytona, which had by now reached cult status.
But Rolex was ready to take the next step in the evolution of the Daytona. They started to develop an automatic
chronograph movement, which was introduced at Baselworld 2000. This caliber 4130 was created in typical
Rolex-style. The whole design of the movement was aimed at reliability and making the movement easier to
service. This is quite a feature because caliber 4130 is a fully integrated chronograph movement. That means
that the movement was developed to feature a chronograph function in the first place and its not an automatic
movement with a chronograph module added on top of this. Serviceability is often more complicated with
integrated chronograph movements, yet Rolex achieved this by bringing down the amount of components by
about 20 percent, compared to caliber 4030. They also enlarged the balance wheel, featuring Rolex-owned
Parachrom balance-spring, which results in increased accuracy, while mounting it under a full bridge increases
stability and shock resistance. They also enlarged the main spring barrel, now good for a power reserve of 72
hours. This main spring barrel can be removed without having to take the whole movement out of the case. A
column wheel and vertical clutch ensure the accurate operating of the chronograph.
Of course a new movement also means a new Daytona. At first sight, reference 116500 only shows subtle
differences with reference 16500, but a closer look shows significant changes. The running seconds changed
place with the hour counter and both the hands as well as the hour markers increased in size, making the
Daytona easier to read. Although still 40mm in diameter, the case was thinner thanks to the new movement.
Other improvements were the new bracelet and clasp, which now featured a clasp with the Easylink expansion.
To make the watch more difficult to fake, the Rolex-crown was micro-etched in the sapphire crystal at 6
oclock. Although invisible to the naked eye, its clearly visible under magnification.

The year 2011 marked the introduction of the first Daytona with a Cerachrom bezel. Reference 116515 was
crafted from Everose, Rolexs exclusive pink gold alloy. It provides a nice contrast with the Cerachrom bezel,
which is made from an extremely hard type of ceramic that is virtually unscratchable. One nice detail is that the
Cerachrom bezel looks very similar to the black bezels on the Reference 6240. The Cerachrom bezel can also
be found on reference 116506LN, the model Rolex introduced to celebrate the Daytonas 50th anniversary in
2013. Crafted from platinum, this Daytona features an ice-blue dial, combined with a brown Cerachrom bezel
and a brown outline of the counters on the dial.
Today the Daytona is perhaps more alive than ever. This became especially clear at Baselworld this year, when
one of the highlights of the fair was the new Daytona. Rolex delighted the world by introducing the black
Cerachrom bezel, now also on the all-steel Daytona. This reference 116500LN features a two-tone dial with
either black or white as the base color, and contrasting outlines of the counters, but its the bezel that gets the
fans so excited! Because in the steel variety, the link with those first Daytonas was going back to more than
half a century ago, when this now legendary watch really came to life on that beach in Florida.