Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Learning objectives
To help the learner
appreciate that organs and tissues of the body are formed from the
three germ layers
appreciate the significance of embryonic period
Outline
Derivates of the ectoderm germ layer
Derivates of the mesoderm layer
Derivates of the endoderm germ layer
Introduction
The embryonic period also known as the period of organogenesis occurs
between the 3rd/4th and 8th week of development. Each of the three germ
layers gives rise to a number of specific tissues and organs. By the end of
the embryonic period, the main organ systems have been formed. The
shape of the embryo has changed significantly and the major features of
external body form are recognizable.
By the 3rd week, the ectoderm germ layer has the shape of flat disc.
The notochord induces the ectoderm and give rise to central
nervous system= brain and spinal cord
Paraxial mesoderm
Somites formation
Intermediate mesoderm
This tissue differentiates differently from the paraxial mesoderm. It forms
segmentally arranged cell clusters and unsegmented mass of tissue; and
they both give rise to the excretory units of the urinary system and
gonads.
Lateral mesoderm (Lateral plate)
Some cavities form and coalesce in the lateral plate, and divide it
into two layers; one layer is continuous with the mesoderm of the
The two layers line the intra-embryonic coelom. The parietal layer
together with overlying ectoderm will form the body wall. The
visceral layer together with endoderm will form the wall of the gut.
Cells facing the coelomic cavity forms the serous membrane
which will line the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities.
Mesoderm derivatives
o Notochord
o Paraxial Mesoderm (Somites) -> Axial Skeleton, voluntary mm,
parts of dermis
o Intermediate Mesoderm -> Urogenital system
o Lateral plate Mesoderm:
Others
Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm
Muscular system,
skeletal system,
dermis, subcutaneous
tissue, excretory
urinary system, blood
and blood vessels,
lymphatic,
heart,spleen,
suprarenal glands,
urogenital
system=kidney,
gonads& their ducts
but not the bladder
Epithelial lining of
gastrointestinal tract,
respiratory tract,
urinary bladder,
tympanic cavity,
Eustachian tube,
parenchyma of liver
pancreas,thymus
thyroid,
parathyroid,and tonsils