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2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. M P Groover, Principles of Modern Manufacturing 5/e
Traditional machines
NTM machines
Traditional machines
NTM machines
Principle energy
form
Description
Examples
1. Mechanical
mechanical erosion of
work material by a high
velocity stream of
abrasives or fluid (or
both)
Ultrasonic machining
Water jet cutting
Abrasive water jet cutting
Abrasive jet machining
Abrasive flow machining
2. Electrical
Based on
Electrochemical machining
electrochemical energy Electrochemical deburring
to remove material
and grinding
(reverse of
electroplating)
3. Thermal
Electric discharge
processes
Electron beam machining
Laser beam machining
Plasma arc cutting
Description
chemical etchants selectively remove material from
portions of workpart, while other portions are
protected by a mask
There is a little production of heat and stress in the process, but work may
chip at exit side of the hole.
Critical parameters to control the process are the tool frequency, amplitude
and material, abrasive grit size and material, feed force, slurry concentration
and viscosity.
Limitations include very low material removal rate, extensive tool wear,
small depth of holes and cavities.
Abrasive slurry consists of a mixture of liquid (water is the most common but
oils or glycerol are also used). The common types of abrasive materials are
boron carbide, silicon carbide, diamond, and corundum (Al2O3).
3. The EDM process must take place in the presence of a dielectric fluid,
which creates a path for each discharge as the fluid becomes ionized
in the gap.
4. The fluid, quite often kerosene-based oil is also used to carry away
debris.
The workpiece is fed continuously and slowly past the wire in order
to achieve the desired cutting path.
Materials used for the wire include brass, copper, tungsten, and
molybdenum.
Wire EDM
Parts produced by
LBM. The model
bicycles are about
20 mm (0.8 in)
long (Courtesy of
George E. Kane
Manufacturing
Technology
Laboratory, Lehigh
University)
2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
M P Groover, Principles of
Modern Manufacturing 5/e
Source:
Prof. Madya Mohd Yusuff Mohd,
Manufacturing Processes Course Manual 1A, 2009