Damascus UNIV.

Journal V 17 Number (1) 2001

Elsalti

Maher Kh.

Single Plate Connection Design

Maher Kh. Elsalti

Faculty of Civil Engineering
Damascus University

Abstract
A procedure that results in a significant reduction of the computation time and
effort in the design of single-plate framing connections is presented herein. An
extensive analysis involving 140 beams with 700 analyses were conducted to
develop the design method. These studies lead to a single table that gives the
connection restraint design moment as a function of the number of bolts in the
connection and the thickness of the beam web. It was determined that the design
procedure is greatly simplified through the use of a single connection moment
table. The design procedure proposed here will be discussed with the aid of
numerical examples using AISC-LRFD specifications.

Single Plate Connection Design

1. Introduction
For their economy of material and ease of erection, single plate framing
connections are widely used. They have traditionally been considered by
designers to be flexible shear connections. Typical single plate connections
consist of a single plate with prepunched bolt holes, shop welded to the
supporting member, column or girder. During erection the beam or girder with
prepunched holes is brought into position and field-bolted to the framing plate.
Figure(1) shows typical plate connections.

Figure (1) Typical Single Plate Connection

The single plate framing connection has been designed assuming that each bolt
carries an equal portion of the total shear load, and in agreement with the simple
support assumption, that relatively free rotation occurs between the end of the
beam and the end of the supporting member. The plate and the weld were
designed to resist the shear and a moment equal to the shear times the distance
from the bolt line to the weld. This connection lacked the ductility to
accommodate rotations equal to that at the end of the simply supported beams
required by AISC Specifications [1,2,6].
Single plate connection was studied by Richrad[3,4,5] and Lipson[8] and it was

Damascus UNIV. Journal V 17 Number (1) 2001

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Maher Kh.

reported that significant end moment in the end of the beam and supporting
member could be developed by this connection. Design aids were published
using their findings[6], [8].

2. Design Formulas
An extensive multidimensional parameter research was conducted to develop
design aids for the plate and the weldment using nondimentional momentrotation curves and beam line theory[3]. The result of the study was a design
curve (see Figure 2), which for beams with uniform loads, yields a parameter
(e h) ref based upon the beam L/d ratio. The e h of a given connection is then
computed as follows:

n S ref

N S

e h = ( e h) ref

0.4

where

the beam eccentricity, defined to be the horizontal distance from the

bolt line to the point of inflection of the beam, see Figure(3)

the depth of the bolt pattern

5 for 3/4 in. and 7/8 in. bolts, and 7 for 1.0 in. bolts

S ref

100 for 3/4 in. bolts, 175 for 7/8 in. bolts, and 450 for 1.0 in. bolts

section modulus of beam

beam length, in.

d = beam height, in.

n = number of bolts

This design curve (see Figure 2) is independent of bolt pitch. To use this design
aid for concentrated loads, multiply the value of e obtained for uniform load
case by the eccentricity coefficients given in Table1.

2.1 Current Design Aid

1. Select plate thickness
( t plate = t web 1 / 16 ).

1/16

in.

of

supported

beam

web

2. Compute number of bolts required based upon allowable beam shear

and allowable bolt loads can be computed. Insure connection ductility

Single Plate Connection Design

by providing (a) the bolt diameter to plate (or beam web) thickness ratio
greater than two and (b) a plate edge to bolt diameter ratio of two.
3. Calculate ( e h) ref by

0.060 L / d 0.15
( e / h ) ref =
0.035 L / d

for L / d 6
for L / d < 6

Figure (2) Design Curve with 20% Bounds

TABLE 1.

Eccentricity Coefficients for Concentrated Loads

Type of Loading:

Eccentricity

Damascus UNIV. Journal V 17 Number (1) 2001

Elsalti

Maher Kh.

Equal Loads, Equal Spaces

Coefficient
2.00
1.33
1.33
1.20

Compute h:
where

h = ( n 1) p
p = pitch

n = number of bolts
With the ratio

( e h) and

known, compute the connection eccentricity

e h = ( e h ) ref

n S ref

N S

0 .4

4. Compute the moment at the weldment:

M conn = R ( e + a ) = R e + R a = M bolt + R a
where

R = beam reaction
e = eccentricity from step 3

a = distance from the bolt line to the C.G. of

weldment
5. Check the plate normal and shear stresses:
fb =
fv =

4 M conn
t b2
R
tb

<

22

<

14 .4 K si

K si

where t and b are the plate thickness and depth, respectively.

6. Design the weldment based upon the resultant of the normal and shear

Single Plate Connection Design

stresses from step 5:

f r = ( f b2 + f v2 ) 0 .5
fr t
sixteenths.
2 0 .9 3
which gives the size of fillet welds on each side of the plate.
the 70XX weld reqd =

2.2 Example of Current Design Aids

An example using the design formulas is presented herein.
Beam:

3
W24X68, A36 Steel, S = 154 in

Span:

24 ft., Laterally Supported

Loading:

Uniform load with W=102 Kips

Step
1

Design Procedure
Steel A36 plate with

t plate = 3 / 8 in.
2

( t web = 0.415 in.)

Try 3/4 in. A325 bolts in standard holes

D
t

= ( 3 / 4) / ( 3 / 8) = 2.0

R = 102 / 2 = 51 K
nreq ' d = 51 / 9.28 = 6 bolts
3

( e / h ) ref = 0.06 L / d 0.15

( e / h ) = 0.57 ( 6 / 5) (100 / 154 ) 0.4 = 0.57

h = ( 6 1) 3 = 15 in.
e = 0.57 15 = 8.65

with pitch = 3 in.

4
5

M conn = 51 (8.65 + 3) = 594.4

K in

f b = 4 594.4 / (0.375 18 ) = 19.6 < 22 Ksi

f v = 51 / (0.375 18) = 7.56 < 14.4 Ksi

f r = (19.62 + 7.562 ) 0.5 = 20.98 Ksi

70XX weld reqd =

Damascus UNIV. Journal V 17 Number (1) 2001

Elsalti

Maher Kh.

( 20.98 0.375) / 0.93 = 8.5 sixteenths

Use 5/16 in. fillets each side

2.3 Analysing the Current Design Aids

It was observed that to get a required number of bolts equals to six, the length L
may vary between L=22 26.5 ft., where R m ax = (Wc / 2 ) / L , that is:
L=26.5 ft R=1230/26.5 = 46.5 n = 5.1 6 bolts
L=22.0 ft R=1230/22.0 = 55.7 n = 5.99 6 bolts
and

L=26.5 ft ( e / h) ref =0.654 e = 0 . 654

L=22.0 ft (e / h) ref =0.523

e = 0 .654
M b o lt = 4 4 9 K in
e = 0 .523
M b o lt = 4 2 8 K in

e = 0.523

M conn = 5 8 9

K in

M conn = 5 9 5

K in

Note that M conn in both cases are essentially equal and when the length L
varies between these two extreme cases (L = 22 26.5 ft.) the Mbolt and

M conn become much closer to the average value. When the same procedure was
repeated for different lengths which required a different numbers of bolts, the
same result was obtained. As a conclusion for a given number of bolts, the
average bolt line and connection moment may be used for design procedures.
The plate design has two criteria: (1) the ductility requirement D/t and (2) the
strength requirement ( f b , f v ). It is observed that:
1. From steps 1,2,3,4 Mbolt is determined and then M conn where calculated
as:

M conn = Mbolt + R a
2. The plate thickness strength design is established by checking the normal
and shear stresses ( f b , f v ). If f b > f allowable or f v > f allowable the

plate thickness

needs to be increased.

The Plate thickness; however, is determined by the ductility criterion,

Single Plate Connection Design

D / t 2 for A325 bolts or D / t 1.5 for A490 bolts, where t is the

thinner of

t web

or t plate .

Bolt size of 3/4, 7/8, 1.0 in. and bolt types of A325 and A490 have been
included in the design procedure. Since the bolt diameter in chosen, the plate
thickness ( t plate ) of acceptable range is limited from which the number of
bolts is determined.
It was observed that bolt pitch not only plays a role in determining the depth of
the plate but also decides the maximum number of bolt could be used in specific
beam depth. So depending on the beam depth and the bolt pitch, the maximum
number of bolts could be determined and that may require the bolt size to be
changed if the calculated required number of bolts is more than the maximum
number of bolts.
It was observed that

t web

requirement formula

D / t is the thinner of the t web

could control the design since the

in the ductility

or t plate .

3. Devolopment of the Proposed Single Plate Design

As a result of section 2.3, the following factors should be taken into account in
the design of single plate connections:
1. Plate thickness t plate .
2. Bolt type (A325, A490) and bolt size (3/4, 7/8, 1.0 in.).
3. Web thickness

t web .

4. Bolt pitch p .
5. Number of bolts.
Since the current design aid starts with selecting a plate thickness equals to
1/16 of the supported beam web, the concept of dividing the beam standard
sections into groups depending on their web thickness is used. Tables have been
made to achieve that purpose. Then the design procedure has been applied to
each group with different bolt sizes. Table[2] shows some results of applying the
design procedure to group of beams which their web thickness equals
( t web = 7 / 16 in.) .
It is clear from this table that for required number of bolts (NB) the Mbolt and

M conn for different beam sections are very much close to each other. It should

Damascus UNIV. Journal V 17 Number (1) 2001

Elsalti

Maher Kh.

be mentioned also that the design curved (see Figure 2) used for the single plate
design is with 20% bounds[3]. As a result, an average value of Mbolt could be
used for specific number of bolts. Many other tables similar to the one given in
this paper have been constructed containing different groups of t web and
different bolt sizes (namely 3/4, 7/8, 1.0 in.) in order to develop new design aids.

TABLE 2. Beams with the same web thickness

W27 x 84 t web = 7 / 16
L
R
NB
23
26
26.2
30.5
30.7
36.5
36.7
45.8
46
60
W18 x 65
20.5
25
25.2
33
33.2
49

74.1
65.5
65.4
55.9
55.8
46.7
46.5
37.2
37
28.5

8
8
7
7
6
6
5
5
4
4

Wc / 2 = 1705

in.

(e h)

ref

0.463
0.543
0.543
0.663
0.662
0.823
0.822
1.07
1.072
1.45

t web = 7 / 16 in.
46.6
37.4
37.2
28.3
28.1
19

5
5
4
4
3
3

0.67
0.85
0.86
1.17
1.18
1.81

W24 x 76 t web = 7 / 16 in.

21.7
25

64.7
46.4

7
7

( t web = 7 / 16 in.)

0.504
0.6

(e h)
.0547
0.643
0.56
0.687
0.589
0.73
0.609
0.79
0.633
0.858

Wc / 2 = 935
0.629
0.8
0.64
0.88
0.66
1.02

Wc / 2 = 1410
0.564
0.672

Db = 3 / 4 in.
M

b o lt

852
886
660
691
494
512
341
354
210
219

co n n

1074
1083
856
859
661
652
481
467
321
307

Db = 3 / 4 in.
344
358
213
224
111
116

481
470
325
308
195
173

Db = 3 / 4 in.
657
682

851
851

Single Plate Connection Design

25.5
30
30.5
37.5
37.8
50.5

55.3
47
46.2
37.7
37.5
28

6
6
5
5
4
4

20
26.5
26.7
39

37
27.9
27.7
19

4
4
3
3

W14 x 68 t web = 7 / 16
29.5
28
3
44
19
3
W27 x 84 t web = 7 / 16
L

NB

16.8
19.3
22.5
26.9
33.4

101
88
75.5
63.2
51

8
7
6
5
4

W24 x 76 t web = 7 / 16
18.3
75.5
7
18.5
75.5
6
22.5
63.2
5
27.5
51
4
W21 x 68
14.8
17.7
21.9

0.605
0.75
0.755
0.975
0.977
1.365
W16 x 57
0.75
1.04
1.05
1.605
1.37
2.11

6
5
4

644
649
471
465
324
304

0.62
0.86
0.645
0.995

206
216
107
113

317
300
191
170

0.8
1.25

Db = 3 / 4 in.
1.36
1.39

Wc / 2 = 1705

in.
ref

0.300
0.367
0.452
0.569
.742

in.
0.400
0.405
0.525
0.675

t web = 7 / 16 in.
75.5
63.2
51

478
507
333
352
211
220

Wc / 2 = 825

in.

(e h)

0.576
0.72
0.6
0.78
0.624
0.874

0.359
0.458
0.603

(e h)
0.444
0.474
0.502
0.526
0.548

Wc / 2 = 1410
0.566
0.486
0.525
0.54

Wc / 2 = 1120
0.470
0.500
0.527

220
195

Db = 7 / 8 in.
M

b o lt

941
752
5.68
399
252

co n n

1244
1016
795
589
405

Db = 7 / 8 in.
770
550
398
248

997
795
588
401

Db = 7 / 8 in.
533
379
242

759
569
395

The primary tables similar to the one mentioned in this paper have been studied
and analyzed to produce the final design tables. Appendix A shows Tables [1A], [2-A], and [3-A] and Tables [1-L], [2-L], and [3-L] which represent the
primary design tables for both ASD and LRFD respectively. Further reduction

Damascus UNIV. Journal V 17 Number (1) 2001

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Maher Kh.

on these tables has lead to a single design table. Table[3] and Table[4] represent
the final result of the proposed method. The use of the design tables will be
explained later.
TABLE 3.

ASD Bolt Line Moment In Kips-Inch

For 3/4, 7/8, 1.0 and 1 1/8 in. Diameter High Strength Bolts
(a) Fully Tightened in Standard Round or Slotted Holes
(b) Snug Tight in Standard Round Holes
BEAM WEB THICKNESS

NO. OF
BOLTS
NB
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

1/4
80
110
-------------

5/16
90
150
200
-----------

3/8
110
190
275
400
500
-------

in. t web
7/16
1/2
130
160
240
275
360
450
500
650
725
900
900
1050
--1250
-----

9/16
--325
525
750
1050
1250
1600
2000

5/8
--375
600
850
1200
1500
1900
2300

11/16
----700
950
1350
1800
2100
2600

3.1 LRFD Bolt Line Moment

A combined load factor of 1.5 was used for this table. Since the LRFD bolt
strength in shear was increased by factor of 1.67, the following results:

( NB ) LRFD =

1.5
R

0.9 ( NB ) ASD
1.67 Fb

Two cases were recognized:

1. If

( NB ) LRFD = ( NB ) ASD

The only change in the computation is that R (beam reaction) is multiplied by

the factor of 1.5 and as a result the Mbolt will be multiplied by the same factor.

Single Plate Connection Design

( e / h) LRFD = ( e / h ) ASD
( M bolt ) ASD = R e
( M bolt ) LRFD = (15
. R ) e = 15
. ( R e ) = 15
. ( M bolt ) ASD

( M bolt ) LRFD Design Table[4] was constructed from ( M bolt ) ASD

table

by multiplying the entries by factor of 1.5.

2. If

( NB ) LRFD = ( NB ) ASD 1

The change of Mbolt is automatically obtained when entering the design table
with the lower value of number of bolts NB.

TABLE 4.

LRFD Bolt Line Moment In Kips-Inch

For 3/4, 7/8, 1.0 and 1 1/8 in. Diameter High Strength Bolts
(a) Fully Tightened in Standard Round or Slotted Holes
(b) Snug Tight in Standard Round Holes
BEAM WEB THICKNESS

NO. OF
BOLTS
NB
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

t web
1/4
115
160
-------------

5/16
130
215
290
-----------

3/8
160
270
400
575
715
-------

7/16
185
350
515
715
1050
1300
-----

4. Single plate Design Procedure

The variables of the new method are:
1. NB, number of bolts
2. The beam web thickness

in.
1/2
230
400
650
930
1300
1500
1800
---

9/16
--465
750
1075
1500
1800
2300
2900

5/8
--540
860
1225
1725
2150
2725
3300

11/16
----1000
1375
1950
2575
3000
3725

Damascus UNIV. Journal V 17 Number (1) 2001

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Maher Kh.

3. Bolt pitch
4. Concentrated load coefficients.
Depending on first two of these four variables, Tables[3] and Table[4] have been
constructed to give bolt line, Mbolt for many single plates framing connections
specified in this paper.
Listed below is a detailed design procedure that based upon the result of the
analytical research study on single plate framing connections.
1. Select

plate

thickness

1/16

in.

of

supported

beam

web.

t plate = t web 1 / 16
2. Compute number of bolts required based upon allowable beam shear
and allowable bolt loads can be computed. Insure connection ductility
by providing:
LH
>2
D

to prevent tension tearing of the connection elements

D
>2
t

to prevent the bolt shear mode of failure for A325 bolts

D
> 15
.
t

to prevent the bolt shear mode of failure for A490 bolts

LH

distance from bolt center line to edge of plate and/or

beam web

bolt diameter

plate or beam thickness, whichever smaller

or refer to Table[5] , [6] for the acceptable D / t ratio.

If beam is steel Grade 50, t webequiv = t web 50 / 36
TABLE 5. D/t Ratio

Bolt
Size, in.

7/8
1

3.0
3.5
4.0

5/16
2.4
2.8
3.2

Web or Plate Thickness in Inches

3/8
7/16

9/16
5/8
2.0
1.71 1.50 1.33 1.20
2.33
2.0
1.75 1.56 1.40
2.67 2.29
2.0
1.78 1.60

11/16
1.09
1.27
1.45

1.00
1.17
1.33

Single Plate Connection Design

---------------------Limits A325s ---------------------

-------------------------------- Limits A490s -------------------------------

TABLE 6.

Maximum Web or Plate Thickness, in.

Bolt Size, in.

3/4
7/8
1

A325
3/8
7/16
9/16

A490
1/2
5/8
11/16

3. Enter the Bolt Line Moment Table[3] for ASD or Table[4] for LRFD
with number of bolts and web thickness to find Mbolt . For pitch
different than 3.0 in., multiply Mbolt by the ratio (pitch/3).
4. If the beam is not uniformly loaded, increase the Mbolt using the
coefficient from Table[1], that is,

( M bolt ) conc = ( M bolt ) uniform coefficient

5. Compute the moment at the weldment:

M
where

conn

= M

b o lt

R = beam reaction
a = distance from

+ R a

the bolt line to the C.G. of

weldment
6. Check the plate normal and shear stresses:

Damascus UNIV. Journal V 17 Number (1) 2001

Elsalti

fb =
fb =

4 M conn
t b2
4 M conn
t b2

Maher Kh.

<

22.0

Ksi

( ASD )

<

32.4

Ksi

( LRFD )

fv =

R
tb

< 14.4

Ksi

( ASD )

fv =

R
tb

<

Ksi

( LRFD )

20.2

where t and b are the plate thickness and depth, respectively. Depending
on these two equations, a thinner or thicker plate may be chosen. Check the
ductility requirements.
7. Design the weldment based upon the resultant of the normal and shear
stresses from step 6:

f r = ( f b2 + f v2 ) 0.5
the 70XX weld reqd

fr t
sixteenths (ASD)
2 0 .9 3

fr t
sixteenths (LRFD)
2 1 .3 9

which gives the size of fillet welds on each side of the plate.
8. Alternatively, the weld may design using the AISC Manual
eccentrically loaded weld group design tables.

4.1 Design Example

The same design example of the current design procedure is repeated here.
Beam:

W24X68, A36 Steel,

Span:

24 ft., Laterally Supported

Loading:

Uniform load with W=102 K

Step

Design Procedure

Single Plate Connection Design

Steel A36 plate with t plate = 3 / 8 in.

Try 3/4 in. A325 bolts in standard holes

D
t

( t web = 7 / 16 = 0.415 in.)

= ( 3 / 4) / ( 3 / 8) = 2.0

R = 102 / 2 = 51 K
nreq ' d = 51 / 9.28 = 6 bolts
3

with pitch = 3 in. and D=3/4 in., Enter Table[3]

with t = 7 / 16 in.,

and

NB = 6 find Mbolt = 500 K-in.

M conn = 500 + (51 3) = 653 K .in

f b = 4 653 / (0.375 18 2 ) = 215

. < 22 Ksi
f v = 51 / (0.375 18) = 7.56 < 14.4 Ksi

f r = (215
. 2 + 7.562 ) 0.5 = 22.8
70XX weld reqd =

Ksi

(22.8 0.375) / 0.93 = 9.2

sixteenths

Use 5/16 in. fillets each side

5. Beam L/d Limits and End Rotation

To insure connection ductility by avoiding bolt shear and tension tearing of the
plate or beam web using high strength bolts, in standard holes, beam end
rotations should be limited to a rotation that causes 0.2 in. deformation at the
outer bolts, as shown in Figure (4), at 1.5 times the working load for ASD or at
the factored load for LRFD. To satisfy this requirement for beams, the following
limits on L/d ratio are recommended:

Fy = 36 Ksi

L/d < 36

Fy = 50 Ksi

L/d < 24

Damascus UNIV. Journal V 17 Number (1) 2001

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Maher Kh.

Figure (3) Definition of Eccentricity

The end rotation for simple beams is given by the formula

= ( w L3 ) / ( 2 4 E I )
where

w = uniform load per unit length

E = Youngs Modulus
L = beam span
I = beam moment of inertia
The midspan deflection is

= (5wL4 / 384 EI ) = (120 / 384) L

with

= L / 360

Single Plate Connection Design

= 0.00889
So for a ten bolt connection with pitch of 3 in.,

topbolt = h / 2 0.20 in.

Therefore beams which meet this criterion need not be checked for maximum
end rotation.

Figure (4) Connection Rotation with Bolt Deformation

6. Design Examples
6.1. ASD Example 1
Beam:

W24X62, A572 Grade 50 Steel,

Span:

24 ft., Laterally Supported

Loading:
Uniform load with W=120 K
Step
Design Procedure
1
Steel A36 plate with t plate = 7 / 16 in.
2

Try 7/8 in. A325 bolts in standard holes

( t web = 7 / 16 = 0.430 in.)

Damascus UNIV. Journal V 17 Number (1) 2001

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D
t

Maher Kh.

= (7 / 8) / ( 7 / 16) = 2.0

R = 120 / 2 = 60 K
nreq 'd = 60 / 12.63 = 5 bolts
3
4
5
6

with pitch = 3 in. and D=7/8 in., Enter Table[3]

with t = 7 / 16 in., and NB = 5 find M bolt = 350 K-in.

M conn = 350 + (60 3) = 530 K .in

f b = 4 530 / (0.4375 15 2 ) = 2154
.
< 22 Ksi
f v = 60 / (0.4375 15) = 9.14 < 14.4 Ksi
Use ASD AISC Table XIX
l = 15 al = (530 / 60) = 8.83 then a = 8.83 / 15 = 0.589 C=.686
70XX weld reqd = 60 / (0.686 x 15) = 5.83 sixteenths
Use 3/8 in. fillets each side

6.2. LRFD Example 2:

Beam:
W16X40, A36 Steel
Span:
24 ft., Laterally Supported
Loading:
Factored Uniform load with W=102 K
Step
Design Procedure
1
Steel
A36
plate
t plate = 5 / 16 in.
( t web = 5 / 16 = 0.307 in.)
2

with

Try 3/4 in. A325 bolts in standard holes

D
= (3 / 4) / (0307) = 2.4
t

R = 100 / 2 = 50 K
nreq 'd = 50 / 15.5 = 4 bolts
3

with pitch = 3 in. and D=3/4 in., Enter Table[4]

with t = 5 / 16 in., and NB = 4 find M bolt = 215 K-in.

M conn = 215 + (50 3) = 365 K .in

f b = 4 365 / (0.3125 12 2 ) = 32.44 32.4

f v = 50 / (0.3125 12) = 13.33 < 20.2 Ksi

Ksi

Use LRFD AISC Table XVIII

l = 12 al = (365 / 50) = 7.3 then a = (7.3 / 12) = 0.608
70XX weld reqd = 50 / (1.095 x 12) = 3.8 sixteenths

C=1.095

Single Plate Connection Design

Use 1/4 in. fillets each side

7. Conclusion
A procedure that results in a significant reduction of the computation time and
effort in the design of single plate framing connections is presented herein. It
was determined that the design procedure could be greatly simplified through
the use of a single connection moment table. This table gives the connection
moment as a function of the number of bolts in the connection and the thickness
of the beam web. The new design aid to ease the use of single plate connections
was explained through several examples.

Damascus UNIV. Journal V 17 Number (1) 2001

Elsalti

Maher Kh.

Appendix A
TABLE 1-A.

ASD Bolt Line Moment In Kips-Inch

For 3/4 in. Diameter High Strength Bolts, Pitch = 3 in

NO. OF
BOLTS

BEAM WEB THICKNESS

NB
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

1/4
5/16
3/8
7/16
1/2
80
90
110
130
160
110
150
185
220
260
--200
250
330
405
----395
500
600
----500
650
800
------875
970
--------1160
----------|----------------- A325 ------------------|
|-------------------------------------A490----------------------------------|

t w eb

TABLE 2-A.

in.

ASD Bolt Line Moment In Kips-Inch

For 7/8 in. Diameter High Strength Bolts, Pitch = 3 in

NO. OF
BOLTS

BEAM WEB THICKNESS

NB
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

3/8
7/16
1/2
9/16
5/8
195
254
280
325
375
300
360
440
510
590
400
530
665
775
890
--750
920
1050
1250
--940
1090
1280
1650
----1300
1660
1920
------210
2300
|---------- A325 ----------|
|------------------------------------ A490 -----------------------------------|

t w eb

in.

Single Plate Connection Design

TABLE 3-A.

ASD Bolt Line Moment In Kips-Inch

For 1.0 in. Diameter High Strength Bolts, Pitch = 3 in

NO. OF
BOLTS

BEAM WEB THICKNESS

NB
5
6
7
8
9
10

7/16
1/2
9/16
5/8
11/16
365
540
520
600
680
480
590
700
820
930
680
790
950
1100
1325
800
950
1190
1390
1780
--1060
1450
1810
2060
----1680
1980
2600
|-------------------- A325 ------------------|
|----------------------------------- A490 ------------------------------------|

t w eb

TABLE 1-L.

NO. OF
BOLTS
NB
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

LRFD Bolt Line Moment In Kips-Inch

For 3/4 in. Diameter High Strength Bolts, Pitch = 3 in

BEAM WEB THICKNESS

t web

in.

1/4
5/16
3/8
7/16
1/2
115
120
145
165
220
160
215
265
315
375
--290
360
475
580
----565
715
860
----715
930
1145
------1245
1390
--------1660
----------|----------------- A325 ------------------|
|--------------------------------------A490-----------------------------------|

TABLE 2-L.

in.

LRFD Bolt Line Moment In Kips-Inch

Damascus UNIV. Journal V 17 Number (1) 2001

Elsalti

Maher Kh.

For 7/8 in. Diameter High Strength Bolts, Pitch = 3 in

NO. OF
BOLTS

BEAM WEB THICKNESS

NB
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

3/8
7/16
1/2
9/16
5/8
280
345
400
465
540
430
515
630
730
850
575
760
955
1110
1275
--1075
1320
1520
1800
--1350
1660
1840
2375
----1860
2380
2750
------3010
3300
|--------- A325 ----------|
|-------------------------------- A490 ---------------------------------------|

t web

TABLE 3-L.

in.

LRFD Bolt Line Moment In Kips-Inch

For 1.0 in. Diameter High Strength Bolts, Pitch = 3 in

NO. OF
BOLTS

BEAM WEB THICKNESS

NB
5
6
7
8
9
10

7/16
1/2
9/16
5/8
11/16
525
645
745
860
975
690
850
1000
1175
1330
975
1130
1360
1575
1900
1150
1350
1560
2000
2560
--1525
2075
2600
2960
----2410
2850
3750
|----------------------- A325 --------------|
|----------------------------------- A490 ------------------------------------|

t web

in.

References

Single Plate Connection Design

1. Manual of Steel Construction, 8th Edition, AISC, New York, 1980.

2. Manual of Steel Construction LRFD, 1st Edition, AISC, New York,
1986
3. Richard, Ralph M., Gillett, P.E. , James D. Kriegh, and Brett A. Lewis,
The Analysis and Design of Single Plate Framing Connections,
Engineering Journal, AISC, Vol. 17, No. 2, Second Quarter, 1980.
4. Hormby, D.E, Richard, R.M., Kriegh, J.D, Sigle Plate Framing
Connection with Grade 50 Steel and Composite Construction,
Engineering Journal, AISC, Vol. 21, No.3, Third Quarter, 1984.
5. Richard, R.M., Kriegh, J.D, Hormby, D.E, Design of Sigle Plate
Framing Connection with A307 Bolts, Engineering Journal, AISC,4th
Quarter, 1982.
6. Enginnering of Steel Construction, AISC, 1984
7. Lipson, S.L., Single-Angle Welded Bolted Connections, Journal of
structural Division, American Society of Civil Engineering, Vo;. 103,
No. ST3, Proc, Paper 12813, March 1977.
8. Young, Ned W. and Robert O. Disque, Design Aids for Single Plate
Framing Connections, Enginnering Journal, AISC, Vol. 18, No. 4, 4th
Quarter, 1981.
9. Salmon, Charles, G. and John E. Johonson, Steel Structures-Design
and Behavior 3rd Edition, Harper Inc., New York, N.Y., 1990.

Received, September, 23, 2000.