10/5/2016

StructuralSteelS235,S275,S355ChemicalComposition,MechanicalPropertiesandCommonApplications

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10/5/2016

StructuralSteelS235,S275,S355ChemicalComposition,MechanicalPropertiesandCommonApplications

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StructuralSteelS235,S275,S355ChemicalComposition,
MechanicalPropertiesandCommonApplications
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ByNickGilbertMay112012

TopicsCovered
Introduction
ChemicalCompositionofStructuralSteelsS235,S275andS355
MechanicalPropertiesofStructuralSteelS235,S275andS355
TypicalStructuralSteelSections/CrosssectionalShapes
ApplicationsofStructuralSteel

Introduction
Structuralsteelisastandardconstructionmaterial,madefromspecificgradesofsteelandformedinarangeofindustrystandard
crosssectionalshapes(orSections).Structuralsteelgradesaredesignedwithspecificchemicalcompositionsandmechanical
propertiesformulatedforparticularapplications.
InEurope,StructuralSteelmustcomplywiththeEuropeanStandardEN10025aGovernedbytheECISS(EuropeanCommittee
forIronandSteelStandardization)asubsetofCEN(EuropeanCommitteeforStandardization.
TherearemanyexamplesofEuropeangradesofstructuralsteelsuchasS195,S235,S275,S355,S420,S460etc.However,forthe
purposesofthisarticlewewillfocusontheChemicalComposition,MechanicalPropertiesandApplicationsofS235,S275,S355.
ThreecommonstructuralsteelgradesusedinallmannerofConstructionprojectsacrosstheEU.
InlinewiththeEuropeanStandardclassifications,Structuralsteelsmustbereferencedusingstandardsymbolsincludingbutnot
limitedto:"S"235"J2K2CZWJRJO
Where:
SdenotesthefactthatitisStructuralSteel
235relatedtotheminimumyieldstrengthofthesteel(testedatathicknessof16mm)
J2/K2/JR/JOmaterialtoughnessinrelationtotheCharpyimpactorVnotchtestmethodology
WWeatheringSteel(AtmosphericCorrosionResistant)
ZStructuralsteelwithimprovedstrengthperpendiculartothesurface
CColdformed
Dependingonthemanufacturingprocess,chemicalcompositionandrelevantapplication,furtherlettersandclassificationsmight
beusedtoreferenceparticulargrades/productsofstructuralsteel.
TheEUStandardclassificationsareinherentlynotaglobalstandardandthereforeanumberofcorrespondinggradeswiththesame
ChemicalandMechanicalpropertiesmaybeusedinotherpartsoftheworld.Forexample,StructuralSteelsfabricatedfortheUS
marketmustbespecifiedinaccordancewiththeASTM(AmericanSocietyforTestingandMaterials)Internationalguidelinesand
willbereferencedwithanAandthentherelevantGradesuchasA36,A53etc.

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StructuralSteelS235,S275,S355ChemicalComposition,MechanicalPropertiesandCommonApplications

USEquivalentGrades
EU

US

S235

A283C

S275

A570Gr40

S355

A572Gr50

InmostcountriesStructuralSteelisregulatedandmustmeetaminimumspecificcriterionforShape,Size,ChemicalComposition,
strengthetc.

ChemicalCompositionofStructuralSteelsS235,S275andS355
TheChemicalcompositionofStructuralSteelisextremelyimportantandhighlyregulated.Itisafundamentalfactorwhichdefines
theMechanicalpropertiesofthesteelmaterial.InthefollowingtableyoucanseetheMax%levelsofcertainregulatedelements
presentinEuropeanStructuralsteelgradesS235,S275andS355.
Grade

C%

Mn%

P%

S%

Si%

S235

0.22max

1.60max

0.05max

0.05max

0.05max

S275

0.25max

1.60max

0.04max

0.05max

0.05max

S355

0.23max

1.60max

0.05max

0.05max

0.05max

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ThechemicalcompositionofStructuralSteelisincrediblyimportanttotheengineerandwillchangewithspecificGrades
dependingontheirintendeduse.ForExampleS355K2WisaStructuralSteelthathasbeenhardened(K2)andhasbeendesigned
withachemicalcompositiontowithstandincreasedweathering(W).Therefore,thisgradeofStructuralSteelwillhaveaslightly
differentchemicalcompositiontothestandardS355grade.

MechanicalPropertiesofStructuralSteelS235,S275,S355
TheMechanicalPropertiesofStructuralSteelarefundamentaltoitsclassificationandhence,application.EventhoughChemical
CompositionisadominantFactoroftheMechanicalPropertiesofsteel,itisalsoveryimportanttounderstandtheminimum
standardsfortheMechanicalProperties(Performancecharacteristics)suchasYieldStrengthandTensileStrength.

YieldStrength
Theyieldstrengthofstructuralsteelmeasurestheminimumforcerequiredtocreateapermanentdeformationinthesteel.The
namingconventionusedinEuropeanStandardEN10025referstotheMinimumYieldstrengthofthesteelgradetestedat16mm
thick.
MinimumYieldStrengthatnominalthickness16mm
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StructuralSteelGradeat
16mm

ksi

N/mm2(MPa)

S235

33000ksi

235N/mm2

S275

36000ksi

275N/mm2

S355

50000ksi

355N/mm2

TensileStrength
TheTensileStrengthofStructuralsteelrelatestothepointatwhichpermanentdeformationoccurswhenthematerialispulledor
stretchedlaterallyalongitslength.
StructuralSteelGrade

TensileStrengthMPaatNomthicknessbetween3mmand16mm

S235

360510MPa

S275

370530MPa

S355

470630MPa

TypicalStructuralSteelSections/CrossSectionalShapes
StructuralSteelcomesinmanyGradesbutisnormallysoldpreformedwithadefinedcrosssectionalshape,designedforspecific
applications.Forexample,itiscommontofindStructuralSteelsoldin:IBeams,Zbeams,BoxLintels,HSS(HollowStructural
Section),Lshaped,SteelPlateetc.
Dependingonthedesiredapplication,anengineerwillspecifyagradeofsteel(Oftentomeetminimumstrength,maxweightand
orweatheringrequirements)andthesectionalshape,relativetothedesiredlocationandexpectedloadtobecarriedorjobtobe
performed.

ApplicationsofStructuralSteel
Structuralsteelsareusedinmanywaysandtheirapplicationcanbediverse.Theyareparticularlyusefulbecausetheyofferthe
uniquecombinationofgoodweldingpropertieswithguaranteedstrengths.StructuralSteelisanextremelyadaptableproductandis
oftenfavouredbytheengineertryingtomaximisestrengthorsstructurewhileminimisingitsweight.
ItwillcomeasnosurprisethattheconstructionindustryisthebiggestconsumerofStructuralSteel,whereitisusedforallmanner
ofpurposesandemployedatdiversescales.Whetherasmallboxlintelisusedtocarrytheloadofastructuralwallinaresidential
propertyoravastIbeamisboltedinplacetoholdtheroadsurfaceonabridge,structuralsteelcanbespecified,designedand
fabricatedforthejob.
HighRiseBuildings/Skyscrapers
Houses
Factories
Offices
ShoppingMalls
TrainTracks
Roadbarriers
Bridges
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StructuralSteelS235,S275,S355ChemicalComposition,MechanicalPropertiesandCommonApplications

References
S275LeecoSteel
S235Masteel
StructuralSteelsSteelStrip
TataSteelEurope
DownloadPDFCopy
RequestQuote

Comments
1.

KashifKhawaja says:
September2,2014at2:27PM
HowcanIcalculatetheyieldstrengthsuitableformyload?
e.gforHEA340whatyieldstrengthissufficienttocarry5tonmovingcrane?
00
Reply
PaulMurphy says:
September3,2014at10:23AM
HiKashif,
Iunfortunatelycannotgiveyouadefinitiveanswer.Youwouldhavetocontactsomebodythathasaccesstoaloadcell
programmei.e.anarchitectorsomeonewhoofferfiniteelementanalysis.
Thehighestgradeavailablefromstockis355N/mmyieldatthissizethough.
Ifyourequireanyfurtherinformationpleasecontactenquiries@masteel.co.uk
00
Reply

2.

sujilsuji says:
December19,2014at9:24PM
DearSir,
HowcanIgetthePnoofthisS275Steel
00
Reply
PaulMurphy says:
January5,2015at11:21AM
DearSujil,
AreyoureferringtoPhosphoruslevelofS275orareyoureferringtothePressureapplicationequivalent(P275)?

00
Reply
3.RahulPratap says:
January6,2015at1:59AM
PWHTREQUIREDONS355GRADEMATERIAL
00
Reply
RameshKannan RameshKannan
http://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=6022

says:
5/14

10/5/2016

StructuralSteelS235,S275,S355ChemicalComposition,MechanicalPropertiesandCommonApplications

March17,2015at3:18AM
PleasecanyouanyoneadvisemyWPSisQualifiedAWSD1.15unlimitedwithcharpyandwithoutcharpy...groupII
MaterialGrX52...canuse355MaterialthisWPS?
00
Reply
BijuAbraham says:
July28,2016at1:39AM
IssteelgareS275isequivelanttoASTMA36
00
Reply
4.

AndrewCollinson says:
April10,2015at7:55AM
Hi,
IsthereanysimplefieldtestfordeterminingifsteelworkisS275orS355?
Thanks
Andrew
00
Reply
PaulMurphy says:
April10,2015at10:51AM
HiAndrew,
TheonlyfieldtestIbelieveyoucanbereferringtoisaPMItest.
It'sanondestructivespectrographicchemicalanalysis.
Itwon'tdeterminewhichgradeitisbutmightproveitcan'tbeS355.
Hopethatmakessense.
KindRegards,
PaulMurphy(MasteelUKLtd)

00
Reply
5.SureshSurendran says:
June18,2015at2:25PM
can275and355gradeweldedusingthesamewps
00
Reply
6.SurajRanaweera says:
June30,2015at6:06AM
canyoutellmewhatcanweuseasalternativesteelforS355..JapaneesChinese&Americanplease
00
Reply
EdirThamrin says:
July25,2016at4:47AM
EH36orASTMA572Gr50
00
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StructuralSteelS235,S275,S355ChemicalComposition,MechanicalPropertiesandCommonApplications

Reply
7.

sumeetmalik says:
July10,2015at3:25AM
WhatisthedifferencebetweenS355HandS355N/H.Isthereanydifferenceinyieldstrengthvalues?
00
Reply

8.

emelinemarteja says:
September17,2015at3:40AM
MyclientrequiredASTMA283GRCGroup1,,weofferedS275JRforSteelFlatBar.IsitokforthemtouseS275JRasan
alternative.Wedon'thaveA283GRCinstockrightnow.Pleaseassist.

00
Reply
9.ArunKuttikkattuVijayan says:
December15,2015at4:59AM
WhatistheequivalentgradeofS275inamericanstandard?
10
Reply
PaulMurphy says:
February26,2016at7:58AM
Arun,
ClosestAmericanequivalentwouldbeeitherASTMA36orA283GRC
00
Reply
10.AshrafAsagifi says:
January14,2016at12:26PM
I'dliketosay:thanks,couldyoupossiblysendingmethesourceofthisarticleoranyofficialrelatedto??,thebestarticle
,I'veeverread.
thankyouagain.
00
Reply
11.ShridharRai says:
March7,2016at5:43AM
IsE250BRisequivalenttoS275?
00
Reply
12.AmiraElAyeb says:
April5,2016at7:39PM
Hey,HowcanifindthismaterialinSolidworks?
10
Reply
13.

ImranZada says:
April12,2016at11:37PM
thevaluesofyieldstrengthisnotinksi,likegiven.Pleasemakecorrectionitshouldbe33000psiforS235instead
of33000ksi.
00

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StructuralSteelS235,S275,S355ChemicalComposition,MechanicalPropertiesandCommonApplications

Reply
14.

DidikSetiono says:
June17,2016at1:11AM
DearSir,
DidS235J2equivalentwithA333Gr6orA36???
AndS355J2equivalentwithA572Gr.50???
Thanksforyourattention
DidikS
00
Reply
PaulMurphy says:
June17,2016at5:05AM
HelloDidik,
GenerallyspeakingS235willnotbecertifiedasS235J2youwouldtendtoseethisgradecertifiedinS235JRwitha
EN102042.2certificate.ThisgradeisnotinterchangeablewithA333GR6(pipespecification)orASTMA36
(Sheet/plate&structuralsectionsspecification).
TheENequivalentofASTMA36wouldbeS275JR.
S355J2+N/MisthedirectENequivalentofASTMA572GR50.
Hopethishelps.

00
Reply
15.TracyKearney says:
June20,2016at6:27AM
IamdesigningusingS275gradesteelbutIunderstandthatthereisnocostdifferencebetweentheS275andS355.Isthis
correct?IsS275anobsoletegrade?
00
Reply
PaulMurphy says:
June23,2016at4:04AM
HiTracy,
I'mafraidtheinformationyouhaveisincorrect.S275isnotanobsoletegradeandisstillamainstayintheconstruction
industryperhapsevenmoresothanS355material.
S355isahighergradeofmaterialcomparedtoS275andthereforethereisacostdifferencebetweenthetwogrades.
Hopethishelps.
PaulMurphy
00
Reply
16.

PKUnnikrishnan says:
July2,2016at4:29AM
InthechemicalcompositionofsteelwhatisWstandsfor

00
Reply
17.SubhoChatterjee

says:

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StructuralSteelS235,S275,S355ChemicalComposition,MechanicalPropertiesandCommonApplications

July28,2016at5:07AM
ISS235jRSUITABLEFORMARINEUSE?THISISPROPOSEDTOBEUSEDASPIPEFLANGEFORLOW
PRESSURESYSTEM(UPTO7BARWORKINGPRESSURE).STRENGTHWISE,ITISOK.
SUBHOCHATTERJEE
00
Reply
TheopinionsexpressedherearetheviewsofthewriteranddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsandopinionsofAZoM.com.

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