4 July 2016

COMMUNIQUE
PR/CP(2016)116
Defence Expenditures of NATO Countries (2009-2016)

NATO collects defence expenditures from Allies on a regular basis and presents aggregates
and subsets of this information. Each Allied countrys Ministry of Defence reports current
and estimated future defence expenditure according to an agreed definition of defence
expenditure, and represent payments actually made, or to be made, during the course of
the fiscal year. NATO also makes use of up-to-date economic and demographic information
available from the Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs of the European
Commission, and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. In view
of the differences between this definition and national definitions, the figures shown may
diverge considerably from those which are quoted by national authorities or given in national
budgets. Research and development expenditures related to major equipment are included
in equipment expenditures and pensions paid to retirees in personnel expenditures.
The cut-off date for information used in this report is 1 July 2016. Figures for 2016 are
estimates.
Graphs:
NATO Europe and Canada Defence expenditures (annual real change)
Defence expenditure as share of GDP (%)
Equipment as a share of Defence Expenditure (%)
Tables:
Defence expenditures (million national currency)
Defence expenditures (million US dollars)
Defence expenditures as a percentage of GDP and annual real change
Real GDP and per capita
Defence expenditures per capita and military personnel
Distribution of defence expenditures by category

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Graph 1 : NATO Europe and Canada - Defence Expenditures

(annual real change, based on 2010 prices)

%
4

3.0

3
2
1

0.6

0
-1

-1.0

-2

-1.7

-3

-2.4

-2.4

-2.4

2010

2011

2012

-2.7

-4
2009

2013

2014

2015

2016e

Graph 2 : Defence Expenditure as a share of Gross Domestic Product

(based on 2010 prices and exchange rates)

%
4.0

3.61

3.5
3.0
2.38

2.5

2.21

2.0

2.16

2.00

NATO Guideline 2%

1.78
1.56 1.54

1.5

1.49

1.48

1.45

1.38

1.35

1.23 1.21

1.19

1.17

1.17

1.0

1.16

1.11 1.04

1.01

0.99 0.94

0.91

0.85
0.44

0.5
0.0

2014

30
25

2016e

Graph 3 : Equipment as share of Defence Expenditure

%
35

2015

(based on 2010 prices and exchange rates)

32.82
27.65

26.13

25.79
25.60 25.03
24.51

20

23.58 23.41
20.24 19.12 18.06

NATO Guideline 20%

17.86

15

15.23 14.91 14.43 13.67

13.50
13.00 12.55 12.41
9.43

10

8.27
7.81

7.23
2.17

2014

2015

Notes: Figures for 2016 are estimates.

* Defence expenditure does not include pensions.

-2-

2016e

1.17

Table 1 : Defence expenditures

(million national currency)
Country
(0)

Currency unit
(million)
(-)

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016 e

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

Current prices
Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria (a)
Canada
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia (b)
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia (b)
Lithuania (b)
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States

Leks
Euros
Leva
Canadian dollars
Kunas
Koruny
Kroner
Krooni-Euros
Euros
Euros
Euros
Forint
Euros
Lats-Euros
Litai-Euros
Euros
Euros
Kroner
Zlotys
Euros
New Lei
Euros
Euros
Euros
Liras
Pounds
US dollars

17,356
4,048
1,273
21,828
5,356
59,656
23,252
3,978
39,190
34,171
7,311
298,620
21,946
160
998
145
8,733
38,960
23,323
2,692
6,785
972
575
12,196
19,603
37,357
757,466

19,321
3,960
1,230
19,255
5,057
50,808
25,328
3,922
39,241
34,925
5,966
280,895
21,637
133
849
187
8,472
39,279
25,608
2,673
6,630
859
583
11,132
21,241
39,053
720,423

19,877
3,956
1,066
21,808
5,323
43,131
24,259
|
280
38,443
34,630
4,934
295,967
21,741
145
855
167
8,156
40,534
26,979
2,627
7,255
766
479
10,059
22,807
39,204
740,744

19,820
4,023
1,099
19,978
5,059
42,780
25,618
340
39,105
36,168
4,384
297,650
20,600
136
870
167
8,067
41,560
28,365
2,366
7,282
794
423
10,828
24,956
36,563
712,947

19,022
3,964
1,196
18,764
4,848
42,035
23,682
361
39,402
34,593
3,999
286,341
20,078
149
923
176
7,702
43,518
28,467
2,457
8,160
729
382
9,495
27,466
39,824
680,856

18,788
3,907
1,102
20,076
4,625
41,003
22,769
386
39,199
34,749
3,939
281,402
18,428
|
221
1,111
190
7,788
46,234
31,874
2,263
9,014
752
366
9,508
29,727
39,902
653,942

16,671
3,803
1,116
19,431
4,586
47,264
22,633
423
39,199
35,899
4,190
315,928
17,642
254
|
425
225
8,000
46,894
39,940
2,376
10,337
889
361
10,000
32,690
39,003
641,253

18,206
3,674
1,187
20,322
4,196
47,760
23,657
454
39,835
37,135
4,155
353,097
19,980
366
575
240
8,234
50,398
37,209
2,541
11,230
936
365
10,104
33,840
41,908
664,058

19,172
3,898
1,013
19,117
4,898
42,288
24,340
314
38,297
35,255
4,365
281,372
19,521
123
806
154
7,827
39,622
26,835
2,382
6,641
771
417
10,819
21,501
35,240
686,226

18,360
3,776
1,110
17,681
4,657
40,972
22,314
321
38,297
33,030
4,086
262,613
18,525
133
844
159
7,359
40,244
26,822
2,418
7,196
705
373
9,434
22,288
37,635
644,803

17,840
3,660
1,018
18,590
4,442
38,998
21,339
337
37,883
32,613
4,115
249,978
16,709
|
196
1,004
170
7,374
41,985
29,885
2,207
7,815
728
356
9,484
22,280
37,029
611,159

15,767
3,493
1,028
18,089
4,400
44,626
21,115
364
37,423
33,012
4,406
275,767
15,735
223
|
383
197
7,567
41,294
37,284
2,273
8,708
864
349
9,914
22,798
36,096
593,577

17,021
3,307
1,092
18,691
4,013
44,756
22,027
387
37,662
33,700
4,402
301,495
17,408
318
514
209
7,739
43,543
34,378
2,402
9,271
905
354
9,976
22,062
38,783
608,377

2010 prices
Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria (a)
Canada
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia (b)
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia (b)
Lithuania (b)
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States

Leks
Euros
Leva
Canadian dollars
Kunas
Koruny
Kroner
Krooni-Euros
Euros
Euros
Euros
Forint
Euros
Lats-Euros
Litai-Euros
Euros
Euros
Kroner
Zlotys
Euros
New Lei
Euros
Euros
Euros
Liras
Pounds
US dollars

18,136
4,113
1,289
22,455
5,401
58,790
23,776
4,039
39,614
34,430
7,360
305,369
22,476
158
1,021
150
8,845
39,707
23,857
2,710
7,153
977
569
12,216
20,716
38,520
772,026

19,321
3,960
1,230
19,255
5,057
50,808
25,328
3,922
39,241
34,925
5,966
280,895
21,637
133
849
187
8,472
39,279
25,608
2,673
6,630
859
583
11,132
21,241
39,053
720,423

19,427
3,894
997
21,123
5,235
43,227
23,604
|
266
38,084
34,263
4,894
289,584
20,949
136
813
160
8,057
39,465
26,133
2,634
6,927
754
474
10,056
21,005
38,399
725,768

(a) Data do not include pensions.

(b) Data are expressed in Euros (for Estonia from 2011, for Latvia from 2014 and for Lithuania from 2015).

-3-

Table 2 : Defence expenditures

(million US dollars)
Country

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016 e

(0)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

Current prices and exchange rates

Albania

183
5,623
905
1,014
3,129
4,337
353
54,442
47,469
10,156
1,476
30,486
316
402
202
12,131
6,196
7,475
3,740
2,225
1,350
799
16,943
12,647
58,240

186
5,245
832
920
2,660
4,504
332
51,971
46,255
7,902
1,351
28,656
251
326
248
11,220
6,499
8,493
3,540
2,086
1,138
772
14,743
14,134
60,329

197
5,500
758
996
2,437
4,518
389
53,441
48,140
6,858
1,472
30,223
289
345
232
11,339
7,232
9,106
3,652
2,380
1,065
666
13,984
13,616
62,852

183
5,169
722
865
2,185
4,423
437
50,245
46,470
5,633
1,322
26,468
248
324
214
10,365
7,143
8,710
3,040
2,100
1,020
543
13,912
13,895
58,016

180
5,264
811
850
2,148
4,216
480
52,317
45,932
5,310
1,280
26,658
281
355
234
10,226
7,407
9,007
3,262
2,452
968
507
12,607
14,427
62,263

178
5,184
747
805
1,975
4,056
513
52,006
46,102
5,226
1,210
24,448
293
427
253
10,332
7,336
10,104
3,003
2,692
997
486
12,614
13,583
65,690

132
4,218
633
669
1,921
3,364
469
43,473
39,813
4,647
1,131
19,566
281
471
249
8,873
5,815
10,596
2,635
2,580
986
401
11,090
12,018
59,634

144
4,023
663
607
1,930
3,474
497
43,620
40,663
4,550
1,243
21,878
400
630
263
9,016
5,936
9,349
2,783
2,766
1,024
400
11,064
11,573
60,347

Canada
United States

282,240
19,095
757,466

274,592
18,690
720,423

281,686
22,040
740,744

263,654
19,994
712,947

269,441
18,221
680,856

270,261
18,150
653,942

235,668
15,191
641,253

238,844
15,395
664,058

North America

776,561

739,113

762,784

732,941

699,077

672,092

656,444

679,453

1,058,802

1,013,705

1,044,470

996,595

968,518

942,353

892,112

918,298

Belgium
Bulgaria *
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom
NATO - Europe

NATO - Total

2010 prices and exchange rates

Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria *
Croatia
Czech Republic

174
5,447
872
982
3,078
4,228
342
52,465
45,599
9,748
1,469
29,768
298
392
198
11,715
6,570
7,912
3,589
2,251
1,293
754
16,179
13,785
59,505

186
5,245
832
920
2,660
4,504
332
51,971
46,255
7,902
1,351
28,656
251
326
248
11,220
6,499
8,493
3,540
2,086
1,138
772
14,743
14,134
60,329

187
5,157
675
952
2,263
4,197
352
50,439
45,378
6,482
1,393
27,746
257
312
212
10,670
6,530
8,667
3,489
2,180
999
627
13,319
13,977
59,319

184
5,162
685
891
2,214
4,328
417
50,721
46,692
5,782
1,353
25,853
232
309
204
10,367
6,556
8,900
3,155
2,090
1,022
553
14,329
14,307
54,438

177
5,001
751
847
2,145
3,968
426
50,721
43,745
5,411
1,263
24,535
251
324
210
9,747
6,659
8,895
3,203
2,264
934
494
12,494
14,831
58,139

172
4,847
689
808
2,042
3,794
447
50,173
43,193
5,450
1,202
22,129
259
385
225
9,766
6,947
9,911
2,923
2,459
964
471
12,561
14,825
57,201

152
4,626
696
800
2,337
3,754
482
49,563
43,722
5,835
1,326
20,840
296
507
262
10,022
6,832
12,365
3,011
2,740
1,144
462
13,131
15,170
55,761

164
4,380
739
730
2,343
3,917
513
49,880
44,632
5,831
1,450
23,055
421
680
277
10,250
7,204
11,401
3,182
2,917
1,199
469
13,212
14,680
59,911

Canada
United States

278,612
21,797
772,026

274,592
18,690
720,423

265,777
20,504
725,768

260,743
18,557
686,226

257,435
17,163
644,803

253,843
18,045
611,159

255,836
17,558
593,577

263,439
18,143
608,377

North America

793,823

739,113

746,272

704,783

661,966

629,205

611,136

626,520

1,072,435

1,013,705

1,012,050

965,525

919,401

883,047

866,971

889,959

Denmark
Estonia
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom
NATO - Europe

NATO - Total

* Data do not include pensions.

-4-

Table 3 : Defence expenditures as a percentage of gross domestic product and annual real change
(based on 2010 prices)

Country

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016 e

(0)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

As a percentage of gross domestic product

Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria *
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom

1.52
1.16
1.75

1.56
1.08
1.67

1.53
1.05
1.33

1.49
1.05
1.35

1.41
1.01
1.46

1.34
0.97
1.32

1.16
0.91
1.29

1.21
0.85
1.35

1.62

1.54

1.60

1.53

1.47

1.41

1.37

1.23

1.52

1.29

1.07

1.06

1.03

0.96

1.06

1.04

1.34
1.80

1.41
1.70

1.30
1.68

1.34
1.89

1.23
1.90

1.16
1.94

1.14
2.07

1.17
2.16

2.02
1.39
3.08

1.96
1.35
2.64

1.87
1.28
2.38

1.87
1.31
2.29

1.86
1.23
2.22

1.84
1.19
2.22

1.80
1.19
2.38

1.78
1.19
2.38

1.14
1.42
1.21

1.04
1.35
1.06

1.05
1.30
1.02

1.04
1.24
0.89

0.95
1.20
0.93

0.87
1.09
0.94

0.94
1.02
1.04

1.01
1.11
1.45

1.07

0.88

0.79

0.76

0.76

0.88

1.14

1.49

0.40
1.42
1.54

0.47
1.34
1.52

0.39
1.25
1.51

0.38
1.23
1.47

0.38
1.16
1.48

0.39
1.15
1.51

0.43
1.16
1.47

0.44
1.17
1.54

1.71
1.53
1.33

1.77
1.49
1.24

1.72
1.49
1.28

1.74
1.41
1.22

1.72
1.44
1.28

1.85
1.30
1.35

2.23
1.32
1.45

2.00
1.38
1.48

1.52
1.59
1.13

1.27
1.61
1.03

1.09
1.30
0.94

1.10
1.18
1.04

0.99
1.06
0.92

0.99
0.98
0.91

1.14
0.94
0.92

1.16
0.94
0.91

2.06

1.93

1.76

1.76

1.75

1.70

1.67

1.56

2.51

2.51

2.42

2.20

2.30

2.20

2.09

2.21

NATO - Europe

1.70

1.64

1.56

1.53

1.51

1.46

1.45

1.46

Canada
United States

1.39

1.16

1.23

1.10

0.99

1.02

0.98

0.99

5.29

4.81

4.77

4.42

4.09

3.78

3.59

3.61

North America

4.91

4.46

4.42

4.09

3.78

3.51

3.33

3.36

NATO - Total

3.30

3.04

2.98

2.82

2.66

2.50

2.41

2.43

Annual real change

-4.58

6.54

0.55

-1.32

-4.23

-2.83

-11.62

7.95

-5.82
-21.22
-11.12

-3.70
-4.59
-6.38

-1.68
-18.90
3.53

0.10
1.54
-6.44

-3.11
9.58
-4.93

-3.09
-8.27
-4.61

-4.57
1.02
-0.95

-5.30
6.21
-8.80

10.17
-6.00

-13.58
6.53

-14.92
-6.81

-2.17
3.12

-3.11
-8.32

-4.82
-4.37

14.43
-1.05

0.29
4.32

-13.79
-13.70
2.30

-2.91
-0.94
1.44

6.11
-2.95
-1.90

18.21
0.56
2.90

2.26
0.00
-6.31

4.82
-1.08
-1.26

7.95
-1.21
1.22

6.50
0.64
2.08

3.36

-18.94

-17.97

-10.81

-6.41

0.72

7.06

-0.07

-12.08

-8.01

3.09

-2.84

-6.67

-4.81

10.32

9.33

-5.68
-31.82

-3.73
-15.80

-3.18
2.31

-6.82
-9.51

-5.10
8.31

-9.81
3.11

-5.82
14.08

10.63
42.31

-17.54
-2.57
1.36

-16.85
25.03
-4.22

-4.28
-14.63
-4.90

-0.89
-3.72
-2.84

4.71
3.02
-5.98

18.99
7.15
0.19

31.72
16.23
2.63

34.13
5.75
2.27

3.65
9.37
5.03

-1.08
7.34
-1.35

0.47
2.05
-1.45

0.40
2.69
-9.56

1.57
-0.05
1.51

4.32
11.42
-8.74

-1.65
24.76
3.01

5.45
-7.80
5.68

-14.30

-7.31

4.48

-4.13

8.36

8.60

11.42

6.47

-1.74
-1.73
-4.63

-12.02
2.38
-8.87

-12.23
-18.77
-9.66

2.31
-11.90
7.59

-8.63
-10.52
-12.81

3.24
-4.76
0.53

18.66
-1.85
4.54

4.85
1.46
0.62

-0.74
-1.40

2.54
1.38

-1.11
-1.67

2.36
-8.23

3.66
6.80

-0.04
-1.61

2.33
-2.52

-3.23
7.44

-3.32

-1.44

-3.21

-1.89

-1.27

-1.40

0.79

2.97

Canada
United States

5.88
2.07

-14.25
-6.68

9.71
0.74

-9.50
-5.45

-7.51
-6.04

5.14
-5.22

-2.70
-2.88

3.33
2.49

North America

2.17

-6.89

0.97

-5.56

-6.08

-4.95

-2.87

2.52

NATO - Total

0.68

-5.48

-0.16

-4.60

-4.78

-3.95

-1.82

2.65

Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria *
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom
NATO - Europe

* Data do not include pensions.

-5-

Table 4 : Gross domestic product

(2010 prices and exchange rates)
Country
(0)

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016 e

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

Real GDP (billion US dollars)

Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom

12
471
50
61
202
315
19
2,596
3,283
317
129
14
2,090
25
37
50
825
426
462
234
169
85
47
1,431
670
2,367

12
484
50
60
207
320
20
2,647
3,417
299
130
13
2,125
24
37
52
836
429
479
238
168
89
48
1,432
731
2,403

12
492
51
59
211
324
21
2,702
3,542
272
132
14
2,137
25
39
54
850
433
503
234
170
92
48
1,417
795
2,450

12
493
51
58
209
323
22
2,707
3,556
252
130
14
2,077
26
41
53
841
445
511
225
171
93
47
1,380
812
2,479

13
493
52
58
208
322
22
2,725
3,567
244
133
14
2,041
27
42
56
837
449
518
222
177
95
47
1,357
846
2,533

13
500
52
57
212
327
23
2,729
3,624
246
137
15
2,034
28
44
58
846
459
535
224
182
97
48
1,376
872
2,605

13
507
54
58
221
330
23
2,761
3,685
245
142
15
2,049
28
44
61
862
466
554
227
189
100
49
1,420
907
2,666

14
513
55
59
226
334
24
2,798
3,746
245
144
16
2,070
29
46
63
877
469
571
230
197
103
50
1,460
942
2,711

NATO - Europe

16,384

16,750

17,081

17,030

17,096

17,341

17,678

17,990

Canada
United States

1,565
14,595

1,613
14,964

1,664
15,204

1,693
15,542

1,731
15,774

1,773
16,157

1,794
16,549

1,824
16,849

North America

16,160

16,578

16,868

17,235

17,504

17,930

18,343

18,673

NATO - Total

32,544

33,328

33,949

34,265

34,600

35,271

36,021

36,663

GDP per capita (thousand US dollars)

Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom

3.9
43.6
6.6
14.1
19.3
57.0
14.3
40.1
40.8
28.5
12.9
43.0
35.1
11.5
11.5
99.4
49.9
88.2
12.1
22.1
8.3
15.7
23.2
30.9
9.3
38.0

4.1
44.4
6.6
13.9
19.7
57.7
14.6
40.7
42.6
26.9
13.0
41.6
35.5
11.3
12.0
103.1
50.3
87.7
12.4
22.5
8.3
16.4
23.4
30.7
10.0
38.3

4.2
44.8
6.9
13.9
20.1
58.1
15.8
41.4
44.1
24.5
13.3
42.3
35.6
12.2
13.0
103.4
50.9
87.4
13.1
22.2
8.4
17.0
23.5
30.3
10.7
38.7

4.3
44.6
7.0
13.6
19.9
57.8
16.7
41.3
44.2
22.8
13.1
42.6
34.4
12.9
13.7
100.2
50.2
88.6
13.3
21.4
8.5
17.2
22.9
29.5
10.8
38.9

4.3
44.4
7.1
13.5
19.8
57.5
17.0
41.4
44.2
22.3
13.4
44.1
33.6
13.4
14.3
101.9
49.8
88.4
13.4
21.2
8.9
17.5
22.6
29.1
11.1
39.5

4.4
44.8
7.2
13.6
20.2
57.9
17.5
41.2
44.8
22.6
13.9
44.4
33.5
13.9
14.9
103.5
50.1
89.3
13.9
21.5
9.1
17.9
23.2
29.6
11.3
40.3

4.5
45.2
7.5
13.8
21.0
58.1
17.8
41.5
45.2
22.6
14.4
45.7
33.7
14.4
15.3
106.6
50.9
89.8
14.4
22.0
9.5
18.5
23.9
30.6
11.6
41.0

4.7
45.5
7.7
14.1
21.4
58.5
18.1
41.9
45.5
22.5
14.6
47.3
34.1
14.7
15.9
107.9
51.5
91.1
14.8
22.3
9.9
19.1
24.2
31.5
11.9
41.3

NATO - Europe

29.6

30.1

30.6

30.4

30.4

30.7

31.2

31.6

Canada
United States

46.4
47.5

47.3
48.3

48.3
48.7

48.5
49.4

49.2
49.8

50.1
50.6

50.3
51.5

50.7
52.0

North America

47.4

48.2

48.7

49.3

49.7

50.6

51.3

51.8

NATO - Total

36.4

37.0

37.5

37.7

37.9

38.4

39.0

39.5

-6-

Table 5 : Defence expenditures per capita and military personnel

Country

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016 e

(0)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

Defence expenditures per capita in 2010 US dollars

60

64

64

64

61

59

52

57

505
115

482
110

470
92

467
94

450
103

434
95

413
97

388
103

228
293
765

214
253
812

222
216
753

209
211
774

199
204
707

191
194
672

190
222
661

174
222
686

256
811

249
800

265
772

314
773

323
770

339
758

367
745

392
747

567
878
147

576
711
135

565
584
140

581
523
136

542
493
128

533
500
122

536
537
135

542
537
148

500
139

479
120

462
125

428
114

405
125

364
130

343
150

380
214

124
398
709

105
489
675

103
408
639

103
384
619

109
385
580

131
403
579

175
460
592

237
475
602

1,360
207

1,329
220

1,318
225

1,306
231

1,311
231

1,352
258

1,316
322

1,398
297

340
111

335
103

330
108

300
104

306
113

281
123

291
138

309
147

239
369
349

210
377
317

185
306
285

189
269
306

172
240
268

178
228
270

211
224
283

221
227
285

191
956

193
961

188
937

190
855

195
907

192
886

194
857

185
913

NATO - Europe

503

494

476

465

458

450

452

463

Canada
United States

646

548

595

532

488

509

492

504

2,513

2,325

2,325

2,182

2,035

1,915

1,845

1,876

North America

2,328

2,149

2,153

2,017

1,881

1,774

1,710

1,739

NATO - Total

1,199

1,126

1,119

1,062

1,006

961

939

958

Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria *
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom

Military personnel (thousands)

11
36

11
34

10
32

8
31

7
31

7
31

6
31

7
29

32
16

30
16

29
16

26
16

28
16

27
15

27
15

31
15

24
19
5

24
19
5

22
19
6

22
19
6

20
18
6

20
17
6

21
16
6

22
16
6

239
247
135

234
235
128

227
205
117

219
192
110

213
184
110

207
179
107

207
180
106

..
180
106

19
197

20
193

19
192

19
189

18
189

17
183

17
182

18
182

5
8

5
8

5
8

5
8

5
8

5
9

5
12

5
13

0.9
48
18

0.9
48
19

0.9
45
21

0.8
44
21

0.9
42
20

0.8
41
21

0.9
41
21

0.9
41
20

99
40

100
43

97
35

98
34

100
33

99
31

103
31

103
31

67
15
7

67
14
7

66
13
7

66
13
7

66
12
7

65
12
7

64
12
7

70
13
7

132
495

131
495

127
495

125
495

122
427

122
423

121
426

121
411

195

198

191

184

179

169

163

161

NATO - Europe

2,112

2,084

2,004

1,956

1,862

1,822

1,822

Canada
United States

60
1,418

61
1,427

68
1,425

68
1,400

68
1,382

66
1,338

66
1,311

65
1,305

North America

1,478

1,488

1,493

1,467

1,450

1,404

1,376

1,370

NATO - Total

3,589

3,572

3,497

3,423

3,312

3,226

3,198

Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom

* Data do not include pensions.

-7-

..

..

Table 6a : Distribution of defence expenditures by category (%)

Country
(0)

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016 e

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

Equipment (a)
Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria *
Canada
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States

11.29
8.23
14.21
12.80
10.21
22.39
9.93
17.94
26.98
17.56
27.75
12.67
11.33
5.42
16.15
17.40
17.57
19.19
15.88
8.75
8.71
13.23
8.50
17.39
25.61
21.91
24.10

15.69
6.79
15.41
13.81
8.12
12.42
14.10
11.88
30.20
17.59
17.98
12.10
10.92
15.62
10.00
34.45
15.70
18.13
18.13
13.20
8.80
9.81
18.00
12.10
27.98
24.47
24.02

13.36
6.27
6.33
9.67
15.79
13.30
9.68
10.11
28.17
16.41
5.86
12.29
11.74
10.78
9.38
21.86
14.43
17.04
16.13
12.07
7.57
7.15
5.70
6.74
24.57
22.01
26.99

14.44
3.57
3.68
8.31
14.72
14.78
9.03
13.69
30.58
16.45
7.47
5.84
8.87
10.45
11.20
17.11
13.41
17.76
15.16
9.34
4.14
9.56
1.20
22.86
21.21
19.54
26.97

16.29
2.82
4.52
11.16
10.72
9.49
11.26
14.48
28.56
12.74
12.06
11.08
12.51
12.09
9.23
14.57
12.57
18.89
13.90
8.65
10.71
7.39
1.27
12.37
26.89
21.89
25.83

16.65
3.52
1.03
13.03
7.35
6.53
10.99
22.15
24.74
12.94
8.17
7.76
10.92
7.55
14.06
22.61
10.68
21.17
18.84
8.43
15.77
11.12
0.66
13.49
25.08
22.82
25.97

8.92
3.42
3.47
13.06
10.58
11.75
11.50
13.94
25.04
11.93
12.77
8.17
9.72
13.60
21.55
33.33
15.74
22.48
33.06
8.73
19.65
18.28
1.86
14.82
25.99
22.38
25.41

7.81
2.17
12.55
18.06
8.27
7.23
12.41
13.50
24.51
13.67
14.91
13.00
20.24
17.86
27.65
32.82
14.43
25.60
25.79
9.43
26.13
19.12
1.17
15.23
23.58
23.41
25.03

69.97
78.52
64.71
49.10
68.13
61.66
49.05
29.75
49.11
50.60
73.19
47.69
77.05
56.15
66.78
54.23
57.54
42.38
57.34
78.39
84.00
66.53
78.91
57.19
56.02
38.90
32.12

75.25
77.06
65.37
52.44
68.06
62.03
51.74
39.83
49.23
49.86
74.56
48.96
75.00
52.98
66.53
51.10
58.53
41.02
57.70
79.85
78.99
70.14
80.52
68.25
54.58
37.85
34.38

68.05
77.88
72.84
50.90
69.24
61.40
51.27
38.62
48.53
50.67
77.18
49.77
76.41
52.97
57.53
49.31
56.50
39.36
51.45
81.27
71.15
69.14
82.31
67.34
56.88
36.59
35.45

78.15
78.16
73.66
47.21
63.64
55.25
52.01
39.05
47.79
49.86
70.04
48.27
77.55
50.06
48.49
42.77
53.75
38.71
41.96
82.07
63.30
56.24
82.22
65.18
55.93
36.88
36.64

65.80
80.80
64.31
45.81
66.58
58.47
50.28
38.19
48.02
47.53
69.93
50.21
69.15
44.88
46.08
41.71
53.48
36.00
46.82
77.98
59.92
57.07
81.60
64.02
58.11
36.13
36.68

Personnel (b)
Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria *
Canada
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States

66.20
74.47
59.21
45.27
72.42
46.11
56.29
34.53
49.34
53.19
56.52
50.43
73.89
59.31
60.90
57.01
50.08
42.39
61.08
75.31
79.80
55.82
67.07
58.67
49.61
37.48
46.92

75.66
75.54
64.30
45.30
71.56
50.66
50.81
34.51
47.64
52.66
65.07
56.35
75.08
55.91
65.60
45.63
52.28
42.69
56.79
70.18
79.07
62.39
61.69
63.38
49.75
35.65
46.70

77.07
75.88
67.36
47.11
67.17
56.28
52.22
32.28
49.35
52.29
76.03
50.64
74.78
51.31
66.87
52.29
54.66
43.43
57.80
78.30
79.11
69.47
74.63
64.81
53.02
37.55
33.01

* Data do not include pensions.

(a) Equipment expenditures include major equipment expenditures and R&D devoted to major equipment.
(b) Personnel expenditures include military and civilian expenditures and pensions.

-8-

Table 6b : Distribution of defence expenditures by category (%)

Country
(0)

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016 e

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

Infrastructure (a)
Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria *
Canada
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States

3.68
2.24
6.06
3.06
1.54
3.89
1.23
9.97
2.17
4.75
0.84
3.88
1.45
6.36
2.36
3.13
3.39
5.49
4.98
0.80
1.39
4.49
3.18
2.26
2.87
2.23
0.97

1.81
1.75
2.39
4.11
1.42
5.79
1.07
13.73
3.13
5.16
0.76
2.07
1.40
5.78
1.97
4.16
3.47
5.24
3.96
0.43
1.81
4.22
2.67
1.25
2.84
1.62
0.97

0.78
1.69
1.53
5.48
0.71
2.51
1.45
13.57
2.68
4.13
1.26
1.31
1.31
9.29
1.37
7.18
3.77
4.22
4.80
0.01
1.47
1.01
2.61
1.88
2.91
1.64
3.14

0.64
1.59
0.76
5.47
0.57
1.61
1.24
8.85
3.42
3.53
0.79
2.11
1.02
4.16
1.47
8.20
3.70
4.86
4.76
0.04
1.19
0.37
2.02
0.85
3.70
1.91
2.38

1.17
2.21
0.47
4.12
1.21
2.72
1.16
11.54
2.30
3.55
0.63
2.32
1.57
6.26
2.04
11.81
2.74
5.64
5.62
0.04
1.16
0.29
1.33
0.67
2.72
2.04
2.08

0.86
1.81
0.63
3.81
1.64
2.34
0.97
8.20
2.33
3.75
1.10
1.07
1.40
8.89
2.17
10.26
4.77
6.00
5.47
0.11
1.09
0.57
0.65
0.66
2.77
1.95
1.71

1.40
0.93
1.27
5.68
2.62
3.32
1.09
8.34
2.80
3.60
0.77
0.64
1.30
6.64
2.16
7.79
3.24
5.60
4.74
0.25
1.27
1.99
0.61
0.97
2.18
1.57
1.45

2.30
0.65
0.57
5.24
2.36
2.90
2.13
11.21
2.81
3.18
0.49
2.27
1.04
10.02
5.79
9.11
3.69
7.45
5.17
0.06
2.87
3.57
1.46
1.02
2.18
2.36
1.43

14.95
16.31
30.85
37.12
16.58
21.95
40.68
47.71
16.89
29.42
18.55
44.35
13.06
29.23
20.56
20.46
25.34
35.00
22.73
12.22
10.68
23.55
17.87
19.11
19.07
39.64
38.53

7.30
17.91
29.64
32.28
20.01
25.75
35.84
34.14
19.91
33.84
12.75
37.64
10.93
28.68
22.20
22.52
26.16
34.45
22.78
11.46
9.13
22.19
16.88
18.71
15.80
38.22
37.72

14.44
16.79
25.51
32.26
21.77
29.73
36.78
31.03
24.40
32.63
13.55
41.40
11.27
30.59
26.24
17.82
28.05
33.46
24.24
10.19
11.98
19.16
16.38
18.50
15.27
38.63
36.87

11.53
17.49
21.60
34.05
23.16
29.67
35.40
38.67
24.37
34.61
16.42
42.91
11.42
29.69
27.79
16.11
27.28
33.21
20.24
8.95
15.78
23.49
15.31
19.03
15.90
39.16
36.51

24.09
16.38
22.56
30.89
22.77
31.40
35.19
37.10
24.66
35.62
14.67
34.52
9.56
27.24
20.49
16.35
28.40
30.95
22.22
12.53
11.08
20.24
15.77
19.72
16.13
38.10
36.86

Other (b)
Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria *
Canada
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States

18.83
15.05
20.52
38.88
15.83
27.60
32.55
37.55
21.51
24.49
14.88
33.02
13.33
28.92
20.59
22.46
28.96
32.94
18.06
15.14
10.10
26.46
21.25
21.68
21.91
38.38
28.01

6.83
15.93
17.91
36.77
18.91
31.13
34.02
39.89
19.03
24.58
16.19
29.47
12.60
22.69
22.43
15.76
28.55
33.93
21.12
16.19
10.32
23.58
17.63
23.26
19.43
38.26
28.30

8.79
16.15
24.78
37.75
16.33
27.91
36.65
44.04
19.80
27.17
16.84
35.76
12.17
28.62
22.39
18.67
27.14
35.31
21.27
9.62
11.85
22.38
17.05
26.58
19.49
38.80
36.86

* Data do not include pensions.

(a) Infrastructure expenditures include NATO common infrastructure and national military construction.
(b) Other expenditures include operations and maintenance expenditures, other R&D expenditures and expenditures not allocated among above-mentioned categories.

-9-

NATO definition of defence expenditure

NATO defines defence expenditure as

payments made by a national government
specifically to meet the needs of its armed
forces or those of Allies. A major component
of defence expenditure is payments on Armed
Forces financed within the Ministry of Defence
(MoD) budget. Armed Forces include Land,
Maritime and Air forces as well as Joint
formations such as Administration and
Command,
Special
Operations Forces,
Medical Service, Logistic Command etc. They
might also include "Other Forces" like Ministry
of Interior troops, border guards, national
police
forces,
customs,
gendarmerie,
carabinierie, coast guards etc. In such cases,
expenditure should be included only in
proportion to the forces that are trained in
military tactics, are equipped as a military
force, can operate under direct military
authority in deployed operations, and can,
realistically, be deployed outside national
territory in support of a military force. Also,
expenditure on Other Forces financed through
the budgets of ministries other than MoD
should be included in defence expenditure.

Financial assistance by one Allied country to

another, specifically to support the defence
effort of the recipient, should be included in the
defence expenditure of the donor country and
not in the defence expenditure of the receiving
country.

Pension payments made directly by the

government to retired military and civilian
employees of military departments should be
included regardless of whether these
payments are made from the budget of the
MoD or other ministries.

Prior to 2010, the defence data relating to

France is indicative only. Iceland has no armed
forces. Monetary values, from 2009 for Slovak
Republic, from 2011 for Estonia, from 2014 for
Latvia, and from 2015 for Lithuania, are
expressed in Euros.

Expenditure on NATO Common infrastructure

is included in the total defence expenditure of
each NATO country only to the extent of that
country's net contribution.
War damage payments and spending on civil
defence are both excluded from the NATO
definition of defence expenditure.
NATO uses United States dollars (USD) as the
common currency denominator. The exchange
rate applied to each Ally is the average annual
rate published by the IMF. The values for
defence expenditure are expressed in current
prices; constant prices; current prices and
exchange rates; as well as constant prices and
exchange rates.
Note to readers:

Albania and Croatia joined the Alliance in

2009.

Expenditures
for
peacekeeping
and
humanitarian operations (paid by MoD or other
ministries), the destruction of weapons,
equipment and ammunition, and the costs
associated with inspection and control of
equipment destruction are included in defence
expenditures.

To avoid any ambiguity, the fiscal year has

been designated by the year which includes
the highest number of months: e.g. 2014
represents the fiscal year 2014/2015 for
Canada and United Kingdom and the fiscal
year 2013/2014 for the United States. Because
of rounding, the total figures may differ from
the sum of their components.

Research and development (R&D) costs are to

be included in defence expenditures. R&D
costs should also include those for projects
that do not successfully lead to production of
equipment.

Conventional signs:
e
..
//
|
.

Expenditure for the military component of

mixed civilian-military activities is included, but
only when this military component can be
specifically accounted for or estimated.

-10-

estimated
nil
not available
not applicable
break in continuity of series
decimal point

Nomenclature of NATO defence expenditure:

1
1.1
1.1.1
1.1.2
1.1.3
1.2
1.2.1
1.2.2
1.3
1.3.1
1.3.2
1.4
1.4.1
1.4.2
1.4.3
1.4.4
1.4.5
1.4.6
2
2.1
2.1.1
2.1.2
2.1.3
2.1.4
2.1.5
2.1.6
2.1.7
2.1.8
2.1.9
2.1.10
2.1.11
2.2
2.3
2.3.1
2.3.2
2.3.3
2.3.4
3
3.1
3.2
4
5
6
7

Operating Costs
Military personnel
Pay and allowances
Employer's contributions to retirement funds
Other
Civilian personnel
Pay and allowances
Employer's contributions to retirement funds
Pensions
Paid to military retirees
Paid to civilian retirees
Operations and maintenance
Ammunition and explosives (excluding nuclear)
Petroleum products
Spare parts
Other equipment and supplies
Rents
Other operations and maintenance
Procurement and Construction
Major equipment
Missile systems
Missiles (conventional weapons)
Nuclear weapons
Aircraft
Artillery
Combat vehicles
Engineering equipment
Weapons and small arms
Transport vehicles
Ships and harbour craft
Electronic and communications equipment
National military construction
NATO common infrastructure
Expenditure as host country
Payments to other countries
Receipts from other countries
Land and utilities
Research and Development
Devoted to major equipment
Other
Other Expenditures
Total
Statistical discrepancy
Adjusted Total

-11-