Vineyard Weed Control

Wayne Mitchem, Andrew MacRae, and David Monks

Orchard and Vineyard Floor Management
N.C. State Univ., Clemson Univ., and Univ. of GA, Cooperating
Dept. of Horticultural Science
N.C. State University
Fletcher, NC

The competitive
advantage improves
with time!

Node Interval
Quadratic Relationship
2.5

Node
Interval
(inches) 2

R2 = 0.44

1.5

Node Interval = -0.0017(WAP)2 + 0.057(WAP) + 1.7

0

12

16

20

Weeks Weed-free After Planting

24

VCSA
Quadratic Relationship
90
80
70
mm2 60
50
40
30
20
10
0

R2 = 0.57

VCSA = -0.156(WAP)2 + 5.7(WAP) + 23.7

0

12

16

20

24

Weeks Weed-free After Planting

Grape Vine Vigor

100 a
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

94 ab

95 ab

93 ab

16

20

24

80 c
58 c

16 d

12

Weeks Weed-free after Planting

LSD (0.05) = 14

0 WWF

8 WWF

4 WWF

12 WWF

Weed Control Program

Delayed PRE
Late winter/early spring
NS-POST herbicide

Late Spring
PRE herbicide(s)
NS-POST

Weed Control Program

Fall/Spring Split
Fall (post harvest)
PRE herbicide
NS-POST herbicide

Late Spring
PRE herbicide(s)
NS-POST herbicide

PRE Newly Planted Vineyards

Surflan
Allow soil to settle after transplanting
Prowl (non-bearing only)
Dormant application after soil has settled
DO NOT apply within 1 year of harvest
PPI option prior to transplanting
Goal
Newly planted vines must be on trellis
Apply once soil settles after transplanting

PRE for Established Vineyards

Solicam
Vines established 2 years
Whitening in leaf vines in coarse textured soils

Karmex and Simazine

Vines established 3 years

POST Herbicides
Rely
Sucker control; Apply to suckers <12, repeat
application if necessary
Shield young vines
Glyphosate
DO NOT apply on first year plantings
Surfactant for some formulations
DO NOT apply after June.
Paraquat
Avoid its use in backpack
Shield young vines

Graminicides, Whats the Difference?

Poast
Excellent annual grass weed control
Good perennial grass weed control
Fusilade
Excellent perennial grass weed control
Good annual grass weed control
DO NOT apply within 1 year of harvest
Select
Excellent annual and perennial grass weed control
DO NOT apply within 1 year of harvest

Tank Mixing Power

Simazine 2 qt/acre

Simazine 2 qt/acre
+
Surflan 2 qt/acre

When is Milestone
going to be
available?

Who Knows!

Rely Alone

Rely + Milestone

Milestone continues to look good in newly planted vineyards

Weed Control with Milestone

August 14
%
BG
77 b

White
Clover
63 b

Annual
Grasses
95 ab

Milestone 5 oz fb Spring fb
5 oz Summer

92 a

96 a

98 ab

Milestone 7.5 oz Spring fb

fb 5 oz Summer

94 a

94 a

100 a

Sim+Surf

58 c

33 c

95 ab

Herbicide
Milestone

Rate
15 oz

2 qt

Timing
L. Spring

L. Spring

Spring - March 14; L. Spring - May 11; Summer - July 8

Chateau Herbicide
Flumioxazin

Chateau or Valor
PRE and POST control
Palmer amaranth
Florida pusley
Morningglory
Large crabgrass
Fall panicum

Bare Ground with Flumioxazin

Lincoln County
100
90
80
70
% Bare 60
Ground
50
40
30
20
10
0

95

98

97

90

80*

Treatments
0.25 lb DPRE
0.38 lb DPRE
0.5 lb DPRE
0.75 lb DPRE
0.75 lb SPLIT
MS DPRE

60#

Aug-09-01

Chateau 1.5 pt/A DP

May 15th Application
August 15

Weed Management Considerations for Southeast Vineyards

W.E. Mitchem and D.W. Monks
www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/hil/

Considerations for Optimizing

Herbicide Performance

Tank mix PRE herbicides

Herbicide rotation
PRE herbicide timing
Timely POST applications
Growth stage
Weed height
Sequential applications

Control escaped weeds

1941 Farmall M

Add Longevity to your

herbicide program of
choice . . . .

Rotate
Herbicides!

Competition in young vineyards

reduces growth and survivability.

Herbicide Options
PRE

POST

Casoron*
Devrinol*
Diuron
Gallery*
Goal*
Prowl*
Simazine
Solicam
Surflan*

Basagran
Fusilade, Poast, Select
Glyphosate
Paraquat
Rely

Grow tubes protect

young vines from
POST herbicide injury.

Milestone
Azafenidin
MOA
Inhibits porphyrin biosynthetic pathway
Cell membrane disruption
Influencing Factors
Soil texture and OM; no effect
Rainfall for activation
Formulation
80% WDG

Large Crabgrass Control

with Flumioxazin
Lincoln County
100
90
80
70
% Bare 60
Ground
50
40
30
20
10
0

95

100
93

83

96

Treatments

76*

0.25 lb DPRE
0.38 lb DPRE
0.5 lb DPRE
0.75 lb DPRE
0.75 SPLIT
MS DPRE

Aug-09-01

Common Lambsquarters Control

with Flumioxazin
Lincoln County
100

100

98

98
96
% Bare
Ground

Treatments

95

0.25 lb DPRE
0.38 lb DPRE
0.5 lb DPRE
0.75 lb DPRE
0.75 SPLIT
MS DPRE

94
92
90

88

88
86
84
82

Aug-09-01

Weed Control with Milestone

Herbicide

Rate

Applic.
Time

% Bare
Ground

Spotted
Spruge

Pigweed

Sim
Sim

2 qt
2 qt

Fall
E. Sum

23 bcd

13 cde

39 de

MS
MS

7.5 oz
7.5 oz

Fall
E. Sum

92 a

95 a

98 ab

Sim
Sim + Sol

2 qt
Spring
2 qt + 2.5 lb Summer

78 a

80 ab

88 ab

MS
MS

7.5 oz
7.5 oz

Spring
Summer

96 a

100 a

100 a

Sim

4 qt

Spring

21 cd

35 c

35 e

MS

15 oz

Spring

76 a

90 a

94 a

Is Weed Control Important?

Competition
Water
Nutrients

Radiant Heating
Aesthetic

Common Ragweed Control

with Flumioxazin
Lincoln County
100

100

Treatments

99.5
% Bare
Ground

0.25 lb DPRE
0.38 lb DPRE
0.5 lb DPRE
0.75 lb DPRE
0.75 SPLIT
MS DPRE

99
98.5
98

98
97.5
97

Aug-09-01

Weed Control with Milestone

Herbicide

Rate

Applic.
Time

Common Common
Ragweed Lambsqtr

Annual
Grass

Sim
Sim

2 qt
2 qt

Fall
E. Sum

98 a

93 a

46 c

MS
MS

7.5 oz
7.5 oz

Fall
E. Sum

100 a

100 a

96 ab

Sim
Sim + Sol

2 qt
Spring
2 qt + 2.5 lb Summer

100 a

96 a

96 ab

MS
MS

7.5 oz
7.5 oz

Spring
Summer

100 a

100 a

100 a

Sim

4 qt

Spring

83 a

95 a

60 bc

MS

15 oz

Spring

100a

100 a

91 ab

Weed Control with Milestone

Herbicide

Rate

Timing

Crop
Injury

DIGSA
6 WK

DIGSA
12 WK

Milestone

5 oz

March

100

90*

Milestone

7.5 oz

March

98

90*

Milestone

10 oz

March

100

98

Milestone

15 oz

March

98

100

Sim + Surf

2 qt

March

90*

27**

Contact Information
Wayne Mitchem
Mobile Phone: (704) 472-0770
Office/Fax: (704) 276-1584
E-mail: wayne_mitchem@ncsu.edu

Karmex 3 lb DP

MS 5 oz SP + SU

MS 7.5 oz SP + 5 oz SU

Milestone vs. Karmex