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Concept Guide: Science Periodic 2

Periodic will be assessing sections 2.3, 6.1, 6.2, and 6.3

Define the following key terms.

Key Term
Extinct

Definition/ meaning
No longer existing.

Fossil

The remains or trace of an organism that is no longer

living.

Geologic Time

The time of formation and development of the Earth.

Geologic Time Scale

A chart that scientists use to organize the history of Earth.

Index Fossil

A fossil of an organism that lived in many locations and

that existed during a specific period of time.

Axis

An imaginary line that runs through a planets center form

pole to pole.

Rotation

The turning or spinning of a body on its axis.

Revolution

The movement of an object around another object.

Constellation

Is a group pf stars that people think look like pictures.

Ellipse

A stretched circle that is longer than it is wide.

Equinox

The first day of spring or summer when the Earth is not

tilted toward or away from the sun. The sun is directly
above the equator in the position of equinox. Day and
night are 12 hours long all over the Earth.

Gravity

A force that pulls all objects toward each other. The

greater the mass, the greater the force.

Inertia

An objects tendency to resist change in motion, thereby

traveling in a straight line.

Orbit

The Earths (or another planets) path around the sun. Has
an elliptical shape.

Season

Each of the four divisions of the year: summer, fall, winter,

and spring.

Summer solstice

Winter Solstice

The point at which the suns rays reach the farthest Northlongest day of the year.

The point at which the suns rays reach farthest south.

Shortest day of the year.

A depression in the moons surface caused by space

objects hitting the surface.
Crater

The shadow cause by the suns light from a full moon.

Lunar eclipse

The changes of the moons appearance from Earth.

Phases

Any object that revolves around another object in space.

Satellite

Solar eclipse

The moon passes between the earth and the sun and
prevents sunlight from reaching Earth.

The daily rise and fall of sea level.

Tide

1.
a. What is the
composition of the
sun?
b. Compare the size of
the sun to other stars.

The sun is a gigantic ball of burning gases.

c. What is the diameter

of the sun compared
to Earth?

109 Earth diameters = 1 sun diameter

d. What is the shape of

the sun?

A sphere.

The sun is average compared to other stars.

2. Complete the chart below

3.

Earth

Rotation
24 hours

Revolution
365 days

Moon

27.3 days

27.3 days

When does winter occur for the Northern hemisphere? Explain.

When the suns rays reach farthest South. The Northern hemisphere experiences
winter when its hemisphere is pointed away from the sun.

4. What role does the suns gravity play in our solar system?
The sun holds all planets in orbit due to its gravitational pull.

5. Because our Earth moves in a counterclockwise motion, the sun appears to

rise in the
_East____and sets in the ______West___________.

6. Explain why the same side of the moon always faces Earth.

The rotation and revolution takes the same amount of time.

7. How is a fossil formed? Within which rock type is a fossil formed?

-An organism dies and settles and is buried at the bottom of a lake or river
-the soft parts decay while the hard parts are left behind
-Sediments deposit and minerals from sediment and seeps into hard parts.

8.

Describe the three types of electromagnetic energy that the sun emits.
Explain why each is important to our planet or life.

Infrared radiation and ultraviolet radiation provides heat, and visible light drives
photosynthesis and other life processes.

9. What can a fossil tell you about the rock surrounding it?
A fossil can tell you the relative age of the rock surrounding it, can provide
evidence of geographical locations of landmasses, and what type of land forms
existed during geologic time.

10.Explain why stars tend to move throughout the night and throughout the
year.
Stars tend to move throughout the night and throughout the year due to the
movement of the Earth: Rotation and Revolution.

11.What determines the strength of the gravitational pull of objects? How big
the mass of the object is.

12.Are all sedimentary rock layers horizontal? Explain.

No, they are not all horizontal due to movement of Earths plates that cause the
layers to fold and uplift.

13.
Draw a lunar eclipse
(SEM) See diagram on page 200

Draw a solar eclipse

(SME) See diagram on page 201

14.Describe the characteristics of the moons surface. The moons surface has
no atmosphere, has many craters, the outer crust is made of rock and dust
on the surface, and theres maria.