Cloud Computing Explained in 40 Characters

CLOUD COMPUTING
Dept. of Management technology & Research, N. M. D. College,

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INTRODUCTION:
Cloud computing is the convergence and evolution of several concepts from
virtualization, distributed application design, grid, and enterprise IT
management to enable a more approach for deploying and scaling applications.
Cloud promises real costs savings and agility to customers. Through cloud
computing, a company can rapidly deploy applications where the underlying
technology components can expand and contract with the natural ebb and flow
of the business life cycle. Traditionally, once an application was deployed it was
bound to a particular infrastructure, until the infrastructure was upgraded. The
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result was low efficiency, utilization, and flexibility. Cloud enablers, such as
virtualization and grid computing, allow applications to be dynamically
deployed onto the most suitable infrastructure at run time. This elastic aspect of
cloud computing allows applications to scale and grow without needing
traditionalfork-lift upgrades.
IT departments and infrastructure providers are under increasing pressure to
provide computing infrastructure at the lowest possible cost. In order to do this,
the concepts of resource pooling, virtualization, dynamic provisioning, utility
and commodity computing must be leveraged to create a public or private cloud
that meets these needs. World-class data centers are now being formed that can

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provide this Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) in a very efficient manner.
Customers can thus decide to develop their own applications, to run on their
own internal private clouds, or leverage software as a SaaS application that run
on public clouds. Integration and federation of services across both the public
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and private cloud, so-called hybrid clouds, is an emerging area of interest.

The public cloud concept allows customers to develop and deploy applications
with tremendous speedwithout the procurement and red-tape issues of dealing
with potentially slow moving and costly .
WHAT IS THE CLOUD COMPUTING?

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Cloud computing is receiving a great deal of attention, both in publications and

among users, from individuals at home to the U.S. government. Yet it is not
always clearly defined.1 Cloud computing is a subscription-based service where
you can obtain networked storage space and computer resources. One way to
think of cloud computing is to consider your experience with email. Your email
client, if it is Yahoo!, Gmail, Hotmail, and so on, takes care of housing all of the
hardware and software necessary to support your personal email account. When
you want to access your email you open your web browser, go to the email
client, and log in.
The most important part of the equation is having internet access. Your email is
not housed on your physical computer; you access it through an internet
connection, and you can access it anywhere. If you are on a trip, at work, or
down the street getting coffee, you can check your email as long as you have
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access to the internet. Your email is different than software installed on your
computer, such as a word processing program. When you create a document
using word processing software, that document stays on the device you used to
make it unless you physically move it. An email client is similar to how cloud
computing works. Except instead of accessing just your email, you can choose
what information you have access to within the cloud.
OBJECTIVES:
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1) To study the requirement of cloud computing in I.T

company.
2) To study how cloud computing save the time of customer.
3) To study how the organization perform their work using
cloud computing.
4) To study the universal document access process.
5) To study the impact of cloud computing to reduce the
software cost.
6) To explore the unlimited storage capacity of storage
devices by using cloud computing method.
HYPOTHESIS:
Ho- Cloud Computing technique is beneficial for the I.T
companies to maintain their large volume of Data.
H1- Cloud Computing technique is useful for the customer for

easy access of the Company Data.
H2- Cloud Computing technique is Cost effective.
How can you use the cloud?

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The cloud makes it possible for you to access your information from anywhere
at any time. While a traditional computer setup requires you to be in the same
location as your data storage device, the cloud takes away that step. The cloud
removes the need for you to be in the same physical location as the hardware
that stores your data. Your cloud provider can both own and house the hardware
and software necessary to run your home or business applications.
This is especially helpful for businesses that cannot afford the same amount of
hardware and storage space as a bigger company. Small companies can store
their information in the cloud, removing the cost of purchasing and storing
memory devices. Additionally, because you only need to buy the amount of
storage space you will use, a business can purchase more space or reduce their
subscription as their business grows or as they find they need less storage space.
One requirement is that you need to have an internet connection in order to
access the cloud. This means that if you want to look at a specific document you
have housed in the cloud, you must first establish an internet connection either
through a wireless or wired internet or a mobile broadband connection. The
benefit is that you can access that same document from wherever you are with
any device that can access the internet. These devices could be a desktop,
laptop, tablet, or phone. This can all

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so help your business to function more smoothly because anyone who can
connect to the internet and your cloud can work on documents, access software,
and store data. Imagine picking up your smartphone and downloading a .pdf
document to review instead of having to stop by the office to print it or upload it
to your laptop. This is the freedom that the cloud can provide for you or your
organization.
Types of clouds:
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There are different types of clouds that you can subscribe to depending on your
needs. As a home user or small business owner, you will most likely use public
cloud services.
1.Public Cloud:
A public cloud can be accessed by any subscriber with an internet connection
and access to the cloud space.
2. Private Cloud:
A private cloud is established for a specific group or organization and limits
access to just that group.
3. Community Cloud:
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A community cloud is shared among two or more organizations that have

similar cloud requirements.
4. Hybrid Cloud:
A hybrid cloud is essentially a combination of at least two clouds, where the
clouds included are a mixture of public, private, or community.
Choosing a cloud provider:

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Each provider serves a specific function, giving users more or less control over
their cloud depending on the type. When you choose a provider, compare your
needs to the cloud services available. Your cloud needs will vary depending on
how you intend to use the space and resources associated with the cloud. If it
will be for personal home use, you will need a different cloud type and provider
than if you will be using the cloud for business. Keep in mind that your cloud
provider will be pay-as-you-go, meaning that if your technological needs
change at any point you can purchase more storage space (or less for that
matter) from your cloud provider.
There are three types of cloud providers that you can subscribe to: Software as a
Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a Service
(IaaS). These three types differ in the amount of control that you have over your
information, and conversely, how much you can expect your provider to do for
you. Briefly, here is what you can expect from each type.
1. Software as a Service:
A SaaS provider gives subscribers access to both resources and applications.
SaaS makes it unnecessary for you to have a physical copy of software to install
on your devices. SaaS also makes it easier to have the same software on all of
your devices at once by accessing it on the cloud. In a SaaS agreement, you
have the least control over the cloud.
2. Platform as a Service:
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A PaaS system goes a level above the Software as a Service setup. A PaaS
provider gives subscribers access to the components that they require to
develop and operate applications over the internet.
3. Infrastructure as a Service:
An IaaS agreement, as the name states, deals primarily with computational
infrastructure. In an IaaS agreement, the subscriber completely outsources the
storage and resources, such as hardware and software, that they need.

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Figure of Cloud Provider

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As you go down the list from number one to number three, the subscriber gains
more control over what they can do within the space of the cloud. The cloud
provider has less control in an IaaS system than with anSaaS agreement.
What does this mean for the home user or business looking to start using the
cloud? It means you can choose your level of control over your information and
types of services that you want from a cloud provider. For example, imagine
you are starting up your own small business. You cannot afford to purchase and
store all of the hardware and software necessary to stay on the cutting edge of
your market. By subscribing to an Infrastructure as a Service cloud, you would
be able to maintain your new business with just as much computational
capability as a larger, more established company, while only paying for the
storage space and bandwidth that you use. However, this system may mean you
have to spend more of your resources on the development and operation of
applications. As you can see, you should evaluate your current computational
resources, the level of control you want to have, your financial situation, and
where you foresee your business going before signing up with a cloud provider.
If you are a home user, however, you will most likely be looking at free or lowcost cloud services (such as web-based email) and will not be as concerned with
many of the more complex cloud offerings.
After you have fully taken stock of where you are and where you want to be,
research into each cloud provider will give you a better idea of whether they are
right for you.

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Literature Review:
A Proposed Architecture of Cloud Computing for Education
System in Bangladesh and the Impact on Current Education
System , IEEE, International journal of Computer science.
In this modern era the developing countries will be remain mired in poverty
unless they preoccupy more on widening the technology and innovation to
everywhere throughout the country including urban to small rural areas. The
essence of Computer is now swelling in such an extent that we can not think a
single moment without Computer; everyone residing in a country now needs to
be proficient in different aspects of Computer system and enlightens themselves
with the innovative research works that will thrive their daily life style.
However although the Computer Education is now indispensable for people of
every stratification but due to the poor economic condition many countries are
unable to introduce their inhabitants with rich technologies and innovation
developed by computer system. Consequently a shared based system evokes for
uniform distribution of resources between people of every stratum. In this
research work we are introducing an architecture

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of Cloud Computing for education sector and discuss the impact of our propose
architecture on the availability of widespread resources to all around the
country. We are presenting here a comparative analysis of our proposed
architecture with the existing one to demonstrate the advantages of the proffered
architecture over the current one.

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Characteristics of Cloud computing:

Dynamic computing infrastructure:
Cloud computing requires a dynamic computing infrastructure. The foundation
for the dynamic infrastructure is a standardized, scalable, and secure physical
infrastructure. There should be levels of redundancy to ensure high levels of
availability, but mostly it must be easy to extend as usage growth demands it,
without requiring architecture rework. Next, it must be virtualized.
A dynamic computing infrastructure is critical to effectively supporting the
elastic nature of service provisioning and de-provisioning as requested by users
while maintaining high levels of reliability and security. The consolidation
provided by virtualization, coupled with provisioning automation, creates a high
level of utilization and reuse, ultimately yielding a very effective use of capital
equipment.
IT service-centric approach:
Cloud computing is IT (or business) service-centric. This is in sharp contrast to

more traditional system- or server- centric models. In most cases, users of the
cloud generally want to run some business service or application for a specific,
timely purpose; they dont want to get bogged down in the system and network
administration of the environment. They would prefer to quick and easy access
a dedicated instance of an application or service. By abstracting away the
server-centric view of the infrastructure, system users can easily access
powerful pre-defined computing environments designed specifically around
their service.

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An IT Service Centric approach enables user adoption and business agility the
easier and faster a user can perform an administrative task, the more expedient
the business moves, reducing costs or driving revenue.
Self-service based usage model:
Interacting with the cloud requires some level of user self-service. Best of breed
self-service provides users the ability to upload, build, deploy, schedule,
manage, and report on their business services on demand. Self-service cloud
offerings must provide easy-to-use, intuitive user interfaces that equip users to
productively manage the service delivery lifecycle.
Minimally or self-managed platform:

For an IT team or a service provider to efficiently provide a
cloud for its constituents, they must leverage a technology
platform that is self-managed. Best-of-breed clouds enable self-

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management via software automation, leveraging the following

capabilities:
1. A provisioning engine for deploying services and tearing them down
recovering resources for high levels of reuse
2. Mechanisms for scheduling and reserving resource capacity Capabilities
for configuring, managing, and reporting to ensure resources can be
allocated and reallocated to multiple groups of users
3. Tools for controlling access to resources and policies for how resources
can be used or operations can be performed
All
of
these
capabilities
simultaneously
enacting
enable
business
critical
and
agility
while
necessary

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administrativecontrol.
Consumption-based billing:
Finally, cloud computing is usage-driven. Consumers pay for only what
resources they use and therefore are charged or billed on a consumption-based
model. Cloud computing platforms must provide mechanisms to capture usage
information that enables charge back reporting and integration with billing
systems.
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Cloud Controlling Devices

Methodology:

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Cloud computing is broken down into three segments: "applications,"

"platforms," and "infrastructure".
i.
Application:
So far, the applications segment of cloud computing is the only segment that has
proven successful as a business model. By running business applications over
the Internet from centralized servers rather than from on-site servers, companies
can cut some serious costs. Furthermore, while avoiding maintenance costs,
licensing costs and the costs of the hardware required to run servers on-site,
companies are able to run applications much more efficiently from a computing
standpoint.
On demand software services come in a few different varieties that may vary in
their pricing scheme and how the software is delivered to the end users. In the
past, the end-user would generally purchase a license from the software
provider and then install and run the software directly from on-premise servers.

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Segments of Cloud Computing

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ii.
Platform:
Platforms serve as an interface for users to access applications provided by

partners or in some cases the customers.
The following companies are some that have developed platforms that allow
end users to access applications from centralized servers using the Internet.
Next is the name of the platform used by the company:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Google (GOOG) - Apps Engine

Amazon.com (AMZN) - EC2
Microsoft (MSFT) - Windows Live
Terremark Worldwide (TMRK) - The Enterprise Cloud
Salesforce.com (CRM) - Force.com
NetSuite (N) - Suiteflex
Mosso - Mosso, a division of Rackspace
Metrisoft - MetrisoftSaaS Platform
iii. Infrastructure:
The final segment in cloud computing, known as infrastructure, is the backbone
of the entire concept. Infrastructure vendors provide the physical storage space

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and processing capabilities that allow all the services described above.
Implementing Cloud Computing:

All of the architectural and organizational considerations mentioned herein are
generally apply to all implementations of a cloud infrastructure. As we focus on
building the cloud, a number of models have been developed for deploying a
cloud infrastructure.
i. Private
Clouds:
In a private cloud, the infrastructure for implementing the cloud is controlled

completely by the enterprise. Typically, private clouds are implemented in the
data center of the enterprise and managed by internal resources.

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A private cloud maintains all corporate data in resources under the control of the
legal and contractual umbrella of the organization. This eliminates the
regulatory, legal and security concerns associated with information being
processed on third party computing resources.
The private cloud can also be used by existing IT departments to dramatically
reduce their costs and as an opportunity to shift from a cost canter to a value
centre in the eyes of the business.
ii. Public
Clouds:
In a public cloud, external organizations provide the infrastructure and

management required to implement the cloud. Public clouds dramatically
simplify implementation and are typically billed based on usage. This transfers
the cost from a capital expenditure to an operational expense and can quickly be
scaled to meet the organizations needs. Temporary applications or applications
with burst resource requirements typically benefit from the public clouds
ability to ratchet up resources when needed and then scale them back when they
are no longer needed. In a private cloud, the company would need to provision
for the worst case across all the applications that share the infrastructure. This
can result in wasted resources when utilization is not at its peak.
Public clouds have the disadvantage of hosting your data in an offsite

organization outside the legal and regulatory umbrella of your organization. In
addition, as most public clouds leverage a worldwide network of data centers, it
is difficult to document the physical location of data at any particular moment.
These issues result in potential regulatory compliance issues that include the use
of public clouds for certain organizations or business applications.
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Not all public cloud based applications can provide the necessary flexibility and
functionality needed by business users. For this reason, customers require the
ability to take preferred functionality from one cloud application and combine it
with another, creating a cloud based component application. This is still an
emerging area of development with some early companies, such as Cast Iron,
providing integration of a wide range of cloud-based applications. Ultimately,
many customers may decide that the private cloud offers more flexibility and

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develop
iii. Hybrid
new
applications
themselves.
Clouds:
To meet the benefits of both approaches, newer execution models have been
developed to combine public and private clouds into a unified solution.
Applications with significant legal, regulatory or service level concerns for
information can be directed to a private cloud. Other applications with less

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stringent regulatory or service level requirements can leverage a public cloud

infrastructure.
Implementation of a hybrid model requires additional coordination between the
private and public service management system. This typically involves a
federated policy management tool, seamless hybrid integration, federated
security, information asset management, coordinated provisioning control, and
unified monitoring systems.
ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUD COMPUTING:
Figure-Cloud Computing Architecture

According to our proposed architecture each individual PC act as a cloud
partner which offers the necessary resources to the cloud system from its
available resources. However each of these individual PC is the property of a
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particular educational institute whereas the institute owned those PCs from the
budget sanctioned by the government for that particular institute. There is a
local server associated with individual institute who monitors everything
ranging from PC status to individual requests for that institute. The users
associated with a particular local server submit their request to the cloud via the
local server. The local server collects the entire request from the clients in its
domain within a specific time period and forward those request after
verification. In addition there are some providers who have the agreement with
the cloud system and offers different services to the user.
A. Request Initialization Procedure:
According to our propose architecture each user terminal
communicates the local server for receiving services from cloud sides. The
procedure is depicted in figure .

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The steps of the procedure are summarized bellow:

1. First of all user request is sent to local server with necessary user
identification information like user id and password.
2. The authentication module of local server verifies the user. It then sends a
form with appropriate graphical user interface (GUI)
according to the label of user.
3. User provides exact service specifications through the user interfaces. After
receiving the exact specification from user the local server verifies the current
available resources, policy to the cloud like pricing policy, encryption system
and other data security etc.
4. If the user does not have an agreement to receive the requested services or if
the pricing policy.
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mismatches, the local server immediately informs the user for alternatives like
immediate payment or payment through credit card etc.
5. If the user agrees with the current policy it sends an acknowledgement reply
message to the local server.
6. The local server send the user the requested resource as soon as it receives the
resources from the cloud system.
B. Resource Monitoring Procedure:

In our architecture we are providing a facility of sharing the unused resources.
Thus there must be a process to identify the unused resources. The procedure of
resource identification is depicted in the figure with a flow diagram.
Figure-: Flow Diagram of Sharing Resource Information
The cloud system sends a periodic salutation message to each server associated
with an institute to find out the status of their respective clients. Each server
replicates several copy of that salutation message and forwards each copy to the
client under its domain. The server waits until it receives the Resource
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Information Message from all of its clients. When all the information from the
client comes, the server generates a recapitulate message based on the
information that it collects from the client end and send back the message to the
cloud system.
C. Resource Allocation Procedure:

The server collects the request from each client under its domain at a particular
time interval. Thereafter the server summarizes the total requests by combining
them according to the individual group of services. As for example if the server
of an institute accepts two request
from two distinct clients one with 10 GB of storage and one antivirus software
and second one with 5 GB of storage along with an antivirus software and
visual C++ software at a particular then it just summarizes the request with 15
GB of storage along with two Antivirus software and a visual C++ software.
The cloud system as soon receiving the request from the server end it just send
15 GB of storage, images of the two antivirus software and the entire visual C+
+ software or the part of the software if necessary after a verification.

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INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUD CENTRAL

SYSTEM
The Architecture of Cloud Central System composed of two sub-layers. The

upper sub-layer performs several operations prior to offer any service such as
authentication, credit verification, scheduling and security. In addition there is a
government central control system associated with the cloud upper sub-layer to
monitor the operation of the cloud system. On the other hand the lower sublayers basically offers four different types of services such as SAAS, PASS,
IAAS or e-Learning tools as a service based on the user demands.
1) The
Upper Sub-layer:
Security is a massive issue in cloud system as the services are accessed over the
internet. Since the individual client has the options to choose their own security
methods like encryption process, cloud system has the agreement with local
server to understand the security methods so that it
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can interpret them. As we mentioned that users at several levels constitute our
educational system and therefore request for services are different for those
diverse levels of users. Hence it is very important to maintain the access method
by identifying the types of users and services. This sub-layer defines a policy of
equilibrium between User and Provider by taking several factors into
consideration such as user level, latency and throughput. According to the
policy the government sets different priority for different levels of users so that
the user with higher priority can access the resources with lower latency. The
policy also ensures the provider to run the software smoothly with maximum
throughput and highest load balance. The Authentication and Credit Verification
sub-layer associated with the upper sub-layer checks for the validity of the local
server as soon as a request for resources is come from the server end. This sublayer also verifies the user credit information for the requested service. If it
finds that the user has sufficient balances for the requested services it accept the
request as a valid one and transform the request to the lower sub-layer. As soon
as the lower sub-layer confirms the request from its available resource pool it
adjusts the user account after deducting the amount for the requested service.
There are two subsections associated with the Government Rules as Rule Based
sub-layer of the architecture namely the planning and monitoring committee.
The planning committee decides the prices for different types of services based
on analysis and agreement with the cloud partners. It also decides how much
funding needs to be allocated for individual organization. Normally several
factors are considered when it allocates a specific amount of budget for a
particular institute such as the level of education, student number, student
quality, area of study and progression of that institute. Furthermore it can
enhance the budget if it finds that the user is demanding more resources
continuously through their submitted comments. The corruption monitoring
committee monitors the daily proceedings of every institute. In addition it also
observes the objections come from the user end. There are several types of
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objections that can be come from the user end such as the improper resource
distribution, shortage of resources, inappropriate software or unmatched
software etc. So the corruption committee is responsible for taking necessary
initiatives to sort out the problem associated with the user end. The committee
has also the power to take any action against the authority of the institute
involving in corruptions.
2) The
Lower Sub-layer:
The lower part of the architecture gives access to the particular resources
requested by the user. Once the upper layer sends positive acknowledgement to
the lower layer it offers the particular services to the requested user. The Service
Identification Panel associating with the lower layer identifies the particular
service requested by each individual user. The cloud client-vendor-partner
instrumental panel creates an interaction between the operations performed in
the front-end and backend. However, since the vendors can not operate
autonomously without the help of their partners so instrumental panels
responsibility is to create interaction between cloud partners with the cloud
vendors and clients. The layer contains an Operational Panel, whose task is to
monitoring the circumstances, handling the PCs and managing images. This
panel contains a script based tools for constructing, configuring, monitoring,
controlling and maintaining the clusters. This tool is known as Extreme
Administrator Toolkit (xCAT). Each request arrives from the server ends in the
form of bare-metal image format is first loaded on xCAT and then process by
virtual cloud system. However it is possible that the desired image that is
already loaded in its xCAT system can not be found in any available real or
virtual server. In such case it looks for any available server that fulfils the
specifications depicted in that image and the xCAT system vigorously load that
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image. The implementation panel associated with the lower layer provides a
distinct platform for the execution of the virtual software. It also ensures the
deployment of the total virtual software or part of the software package
effectively without
installation on the operation surface. The exhibition panel supervises the
instances of virtual exhibit and agglomerates the desktop windows. Since the
execution of the software ensues the decentralized procedure on different
physical or virtual machines so this panel ensures that users can interact with
the presentation window of those de-centrally executed software.

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CLOUD COMPUTING SECURITY PLAN:

Cloud computing has unique security risks. Security risks, threats, and breaches
can come in so many forms and from so many places that many companies take
a comprehensive approach to security management across IT and the business.
The following pointers useful for creating cloud computing security plan.
In most circumstances, approach cloud security from a risk-management
perspective. Be sure to involve your organizations risk-management
specialists in the planning.
The cost of security could be an issue. Be aware of what similar
organizations spend on IT security and be prepared to spend a similar
amount. It also helps to track time lost due to any kind of attackas a
measurement of cost that you may be able to reduce.
Identity management is key. Give priority to improving identity

management if your current capability is poor.
Try to create general awareness of security risks by educating and
warning staff members about specific dangers. It is easy to become
complacent, especially if youre using a cloud service provider. However,
most security breaches are created inside the network.
Use external IT security consultants to regularly check your companys
security policy and network, as well as those of your cloud service
providers.

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Determine specific IT security policies for change management and patch

management, and make sure that policies are well understood by your
staff and your cloud service provider.
Stay abreast of news about IT security breaches in other companies and
the causes of those breaches.
Review backup and disaster-recovery systems in light of IT security.
Apart from anything else, IT security breaches can require complete
application recovery.
Because of the complexity of securing cloud environments, many organizations
use hybrid cloud environments that include public as well as private clouds.
Cloud service providers each have their own way of managing security.
Sometimes, the cloud service providers security plan will conflict with your
companys rules. Before you implement your security plan you need to ensure
that it will complement your providers plan.

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ADVANTAGES OF CLOUD COMPUTING:
Unlimited storage capacity:

Cloud computing offers virtually limitless storage.
Your computer's current 200 Gbyte hard drive is small compared
to the hundreds of Pbytes available in the cloud.
Whatever you need to store, you can.

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Increased data reliability:

Unlike desktop computing, in which if a hard disk crashes and
destroy all your valuable data, a computer crashing in the cloud
should not affect the storage of your data.
That also means that if your personal computer crashes, all your
data is still out there in the cloud, still accessible.
In a world where few individual desktop PC users back up their
data on a regular basis, cloud computing is a data-safe computing
platform!
Improved performance:
With few large programs hogging your computer's memory, you
will see better performance from your PC.
Computers in a cloud computing system boot and run faster
because they have fewer programs and processes loaded into
memory
Reduced software costs:

Instead of purchasing expensive software applications, you can get
most of what you need for free-ish!
That is right - most cloud computing applications today, such as
the Google Docs suite, are totally free.
That is a lot better than paying $200+ for similar Microsoft Office software which alone may be justification for switching to cloud applications
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Unlimited storage capacity:

Cloud computing offers virtually limitless storage.
Your computer's current 200 Gbyte hard drive is small compared to
the hundreds of Pbytes available in the cloud.
Whatever you need to store, you can.
Increased data reliability:

Unlike desktop computing, in which if a hard disk crashes and
destroy all your valuable data, a computer crashing in the cloud
should not affect the storage of your data.
That also means that if your personal computer crashes, all your
data is still out there in the cloud, still accessible.
In a world where few individual desktop PC users back up their
data on a regular basis, cloud computing is a data-safe computing
platform!
Universal document access:
That is not a problem with cloud computing, because you do not
take your documents with you.
Instead, they stay in the cloud, and you can access them whenever
you have a computer and an Internet connection.
All your documents are instantly available from wherever you are.

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Latest version availability:

Another document-related advantage of cloud computing is that
when you edit a document at home, that edited version is what you
see when you access the document at work.
The cloud always hosts the latest version of your documents; as
long as you are connected, you are not in danger of having an
outdated version.

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BARRIERS TO CLOUD COMPUTING:

IT cloud services are still largely in the early adoption phase. As such, it is no
surprise that theres a long list of issues cloud services suppliers need to address
to drive mainstream adoption. Heres how our respondents rated nine of the
challenges commonly ascribed to the cloud services model.
i.
Customer Perspective:
Data Security:Many customers dont wish to trust their data to the cloud.
Data must be locally retained for regulatory reasons.
Latency:The cloud can be many milliseconds away. Not suitable for realtime applications.
Application Availability:Cannot switch from existing legacy
applications. Equivalent cloud applications do not exist.
ii.
Vendor Perspective:

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1. Service Level Agreements

Security: with the businesses information and critical IT resources
outside the firewall, customers worry about their vulnerability to attack.
Cloud
services
interdependency
that
dependability:
supports
cloud
The
services
complex
web
availability
of
and
performance from network availability and performance, to

the availability and performance of the cloud service providers systems,
and beyond, to the performance and availability of the supply chain of
services that the service provider depends on cries out for suppliers who
can offer greater transparency of interdependencies as well as credible
service level assurances.
2. Business Models
SaaS/PaaS models are challenging.

Much lower upfront revenue.
While customers certainly enjoy the economic and operational benefits of
the off-the-shelf, standardized nature of many cloud services, this survey
shows they nonetheless want greater ability to fit cloud services more
tightly into the context of their specific business. Users want to
maximize the leverage of their many other critical business systems inhouse legacy systems and, increasingly, externally-sourced cloud services
by being able to integrate across these systems. SaaS 1.0 systems
that lack standard-based APIs, and are effectively islands are of
diminishing value; this is why user should be include the requirement for
web services APIs in definition of cloud services.

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3. Customer Lock-in
Customers want open/standard APIs.
Need to continuously add value.

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Result:
The primary intention of our proposed architecture is to use our limited

resources in a most efficient way. Since we find that the resources remain
unused for most of the time so we have introduced this architecture.
Furthermore we can find some serious flaws in the management of resources as
there is no central observation of resources for individual institute. In addition
the widespread use of pirated software can be controlled using our proposed
architecture. We have introduced four different types of services in this
architecture. We believe that this architecture can provide an effective way to
balance the resources with the current economical condition by utilization of
unused resources and elimination of third party involvements and provide more
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secure environment since the client can also now configure his own security
policy. Using a side by side analysis between the current educational structures
with our proposed one we have demonstrated the benefits of our architecture in
different perspective. Although our primary intention was to design architecture
of education for Bangladeshs perspective but any developing country can use
this architecture for their education system. In future we would introduce a
prototypes system based on this architecture and would discuss the practical
issues that may be encountered during practical implementation of our proposed
Architecture.

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CLOUD COMPUTING FOR E-BUSINESS:

Within 10 years, 80% of all computing, storage, and e-commerce done
worldwide may take place in the cloud predict analysts, in whats been termed
the third phase of Internet computing in the modern era.1
This paradigm shift highlights 2010 as a watershed year in the rising supremacy
of cloud computing and mobile devices in reshaping where and how
information (and applications) is accessed.1
The first phase of computing combined software and operating systems into one
terminal allowing basic communication through devices such as email.
The second phase allowed the user to connect to the World Wide Web
containing millions of websites, which in the mid-1990s saw Internet usage
increase 100-fold in just two years.
In the present third phase, everything will live in the cloud including your data
and software. Further, by 2020, there could be in excess of 100 billion devices
and sensors accessing these remote data centers in the cloud. Only a small
amount, approximately 1.4 billion, will be personal computers.
The progression away from the mainframe to personal computers is now being
superseded by the dual arrival of the Smartphone and cloud computing.
In each step the underlying structure of computing has become more distributed.
This has profound implications for how consumers, vendors and suppliers will
interact inside the e-commerce channel over the next decade.

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Defining a cloud service:
The term cloud computing has been hotly contested, drawing both derision
and praise from different sectors of the I.T. community. At its core, the term
refers to the outsourcing of data centers and application services to a remote
provider under a pay-as-you-go contract. This metered approach lowers costs
and reduces complexity, simultaneously allowing the business to consume
additional services on-demand.
Worldwide Public IT Cloud Services Spending by Category

This virtualization of server infrastructure - sharing one server as if it were
several - allows for huge cost savings and economies of scale.2
Hybrid models are also possible whereby a business may build its own private
cloud and temporarily access additional public cloud services if it so requires.

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An example of this could include an e-commerce site, which leverages further

cloud services to deal with the effects of a successful social media campaign
without having to upgrade its infrastructure.3
However, the term cloud computing does have further meanings in addition to
those defined above. These include Software as a Service (Saas), Platform as a
Service (Paas), and Infrastructure as a Service (Iaas).
In simple terms, SaaS refers to an end user accessing a remote product or ecommerce service over the Internet. These could include a remote CRM such as
Salesforce or a data center offered by Amazon Web Services.
PaaS is geared towards developers who wish to deploy applications in the cloud
and dont want to get involved with the server infrastructure. The Google apps
store is an example of this.
The final version, IaaS, allows developers maximum interaction with the
underlying server infrastructure including, but not limited to, deploying backoffice applications on that remote environment.

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BENEFITS TO E-BUSINESS:
Trust:
One of biggest challenges facing e-commerce pioneers in the early days of the
web turned out not to be a technical problem, but a human one: Trust.5
It took time to build trust into their networks and establish a set of online
credentials that made buyers feel comfortable initiating an online purchase.
With the advent of cloud computing, existing businesses and startups can
immediately leverage the trust built into established cloud systems such as
Google, Amazon and Salesforce. A business can now point out to its customer
base that their technical platform is managed and secured by the best cloud
engineers in the world.
Cost Savings:
Cost is generally one of the primary reasons for moving a business application
or data center to the cloud. While there may be a low cost associated with
developing and deploying an e-commerce application, the parallel need for
hardware and bandwidth may turn out to be expensive.
Generally, a cloud-based initiative on a virtualized server may save a company
80% of the costs normally associated with a traditional e-commerce roll out. 6
Speed:
A company may be able to roll out an e-commerce application five times faster
than before and begin selling immediately on the remote platform.
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Scalability:
Often referred to as elastic, these cloud services allow a business to scale
quickly and support seasonal spikes in demand or those triggered by special
promotions.8
Security:
Securing applications, physical facilities and networks is a critical

consideration. Many cloud vendors complete third-party certification, including
ISO 27001 and SysTrust audits. VI has been audited in for ISO 9001 and ISO
27001. Further security measures are implemented at the application, facility
and network levels including data encryption, biometric screening of personnel
and certification through third-party vulnerability assessment programs.7
Interoperability:
The explosive growth in cloud ecommerce offerings in the next few years will
also see an increase in the ability to share information between clouds and
communities of clouds. Leading-edge cloud vendors will offer a standardsbased framework, which allows programmatic access for users, partners and
others who want to leverage additional functionality from within the cloud.
Cloud computing involves the provision of computer, component, or a network
of virtual resources online. In essence, it is Internetbased computing, whereby
shared resources, software and information are provided online to computers
and other devices ondemand, like a public utility over the Internet.1 It is a
general term for anything that involves delivering hosted services over the
Internet and describes a new concept for IT services. A paradigm from
mainframe to clientserver that preceded it in the early '80s, it is a by-product
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and consequence of the easeofaccess to remote computing sites provided by

the Internet.2
The term cloud is used as a metaphor for the Internet, based on the earlier
models used to depict the telephone network, and its relationship with the
Internet in computer network diagrams.3 Clouds often appear as single points of
access for all consumers' computing needs and generally have five essential
characteristics: ondemand selfservice, broad network access, resource pooling,
rapid elasticity, and measured service.4 Typical cloud computing providers
deliver common business applications online which are accessed from a web
browser, while the software and data are stored on servers.
Experientially, the concept and definition of cloud computing and its

infrastructure currently consists of reliable services delivered through data
centers that are built on computer and storage virtualization technologies. These
services are accessible anywhere in the world, with the cloud appearing as a
single point of access for all the computing needs of consumers. Since clouds
cross many countries borders, it may soon become the ultimate form of
globalisation.5 As such it is the subject of complex geopolitical issues, whereby
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providers must satisfy many legal restrictions in order to deliver service to a

global market. Cloud computing is being driven by providers such as Google,
Amazon and Yahoo as well as traditional vendors including IBM, Intel,
Microsoft and SAP.
Commercial offerings need to meet the quality of service requirements of

customers and typically offer service level agreements when necessary with
open standards source software being critical to the growth of cloud computing.
As customers generally do not own the infrastructure or know all details about
cloud computing, they most often consume the resources as a service. Many
cloud computing providers have adopted the utility computing model which is
analogous to how traditional public utilities like electricity are consumed, while
others are billed on a subscription basis. By sharing consumable and
"intangible" computing power between multiple tenants, utilization rates can be
improved (as servers are not left idle). This reduces costs significantly while
increasing the speed of application development.
Today, cloud computing is enabling IT professionals to rethink the entire
packaging, delivery, and operation of e business. The concept of ebusiness is a
simple one. Electronic business, commonly referred to as "eBusiness" or "e
business", is the application of information and communication technologies
(ICT) in support of all the activities of business. Electronic commerce therefore
focuses on the use of ICT to enable the external activities and relationships of
the business with individuals, groups and other businesses.8
Cloud computing is helping businesses advance their ebusiness models. This
changing relationship between cloud computing and ebusiness will result in a
positive shift in its delivery. Cloud computing comes into focus only when an
organization thinks about what ebusiness always needs: a way to increase
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capacity or add capabilities without increasing cost, that is, investing in new
infrastructure, training new personnel, or licensing new software. Since cloud
computing deals with sharing resources online, it becomes easier to market, and
share resources within the changing global market. This saves a lot of
commuting costs, collateral material costs (letter headed, papers and envelopes)
and presents the added opportunity of online web hosting and emeetings.
Cloud Computing however is not without its issues. It poses the problem of
securing sensitive and personal data in the wild on the internet. As physical
data will be stored off premises, companies will need to take steps to ensure
data security by inquiring about some of the security policies employed by the
Cloud provider. Regulatory compliance, user access control policies and
procedures, business continuity/disaster recovery and change management are
all important factors a client should consider when migrating to the services
offered by a Cloud provider.
As it is with electronic advancement such as cloud computing and ebusiness,
there are additional security concerns. Although controllable, certain pertinent
issues such as identity theft, online fraud, credit card cloning and other online
scams have led to a need for greater security. Consequently, IT security, through
cloud computing is needed to enhance the ebusiness requirement for safe
working operations. As such, security compliance becomes indispensable.
Proactive strategies need to be put in place to prevent information from being
hijacked from within the Cloud, and measures also need to be taken by the
providers of Cloud Computing to ensure that any changes and modifications
they make to the software does not compromise the security of their clients.

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This information security approach therefore becomes a watch dog for the cloud
computing and ebusiness process and makes sure all necessary security
protocols are met and upheld. Since Information security helps bridge the gap
between both processes, it inadvertently checkmates the negative implications
of using cloud computing to enhance the ebusiness process.
The future seems promising for the Cloud Computing platform. WCS has the
experience and capacity to effectively manage and implement cloud computing
processes and has done so in the past. WCS aims to be the final definitive
solution for businesses which rely on and require a more secure cloud as a
means to effectively and efficiently conduct ebusiness. A safer cloud means
safer ebusiness practices and WCS is a resource to achieve this goal.

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Summary:
For IT departments in larger enterprises, developing a private cloud often makes
the most financial and business sense. When developing the architectural vision,
an enterprise architect should bear in mind the characteristics of cloud
computing as well as consider some of the organizational and cultural issues
that might become obstacles to the adoption of the future state architecture.
When moving ahead, decisions must be made on whether the future-state
technical architecture should emphasize compatibility with the current standard
or start from scratch to minimize cost. Future state systems architecture designs
involve trade-offs between lower cost/operational efficiency and greater
flexibility. Using an Enterprise Architecture framework can help enterprise
architects navigate the trade-offs and design a system that accomplishes the
business goal.

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FUTURE WORK:
However there are concerns that the mainstream adoption of cloud
computing could cause many problems for users.
Whether these worries are grounded or not has yet to be seen.
Many new open source systems appearing that you can install and run on
your local cluster should be able to run a variety of applications on
these systems.

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CONCLUSION:
Cloud computing offers real alternatives to IT departments for improved

flexibility and lower cost. Markets are developing for the delivery of software
applications, platforms, and infrastructure as a service to IT departments over
the cloud. These services are readily accessible on a pay-per-use basis and
offer great alternatives to businesses that need the flexibility to rent
infrastructure on a temporary basis or to reduce capital costs.
Architects in larger enterprises find that it may still be more cost effective to
provide the desired services in-house in the form of private clouds to
minimize cost and maximize compatibility with internal standards and
regulations. If so, there are several options for future-state systems and technical
architectures that architects should consider finding the right trade-off between
cost and flexibility. Using an architectural framework will help architects
evaluate these trade-offs within the context of the business architecture and
design a system that accomplishes the business goal.

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REFERENCES:
[1]M. Armbrust, A. Fox, R. Griffith, A. Joseph, R. Katz, A.Konwinski, G. Lee,
D. Patterson, A. Rabkin, I. Stoica, M.Zaharia. Above the Clouds: A Berkeley
View of Cloud computing. Technical Report No. UCB/EECS-2009-28,
University of California at Berkley, USA, Feb. 10, 2009.
[2] L. Vaquero, L. Merino, and J. Caceres."A break in the clouds: towards a

cloud definition".SIGCOMM Comp. Communications Review, vol. 39, pp. 50
55 (2009).
[3] L. Youseff, M. Butrico, and D. Da Silva."Toward a Unified Ontology of

Cloud Computing," Grid Computing Environments Workshop (GCE '08), pp. 1
10 (2008).
[4] P. Mell and T. Grance. The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing.

National Institute of Standards and Technology (2009).
[5]A Proposed Architecture of Cloud Computing for Education

System in Bangladesh and the Impact on Current Education
System , IEEE, International journal of Computer science.
[6]Cloud Computing:- The New Frontier of Internet Computing IEEE Internet

computing , author G.Pillas , ISSN 1089 7801.
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ABBREVIATION:
SaaS
Software as a Service
PaaS
Platform as a service
CapEx
Capital Expenditures
OpEx
Operating Expenditure
SOA
Service-Oriented Architecture
TCO
Total Cost of Ownership
IaaS
Infrastructure-as-a-Service
QoS
Quality of Service

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BIBLIOGRAPHY:
IEEE papers on Cloud Computing.

Magazines &Journals & e-books.
www.cloudcomputing.coms

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Cloud Computing Explained in 40 Characters

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CLOUD COMPUTING

Dept. of Management technology & Research, N. M. D. College,

Dept. of Management technology & Research, N. M. D. College,

provide this Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) in a very efficient manner.

and private cloud, so-called hybrid clouds, is an emerging area of interest.

WHAT IS THE CLOUD COMPUTING?

Dept. of Management technology & Research, N. M. D. College,

Cloud computing is receiving a great deal of attention, both in publications and

1) To study the requirement of cloud computing in I.T

H1- Cloud Computing technique is useful for the customer for

H2- Cloud Computing technique is Cost effective.

How can you use the cloud?

Dept. of Management technology & Research, N. M. D. College,

A community cloud is shared among two or more organizations that have

Choosing a cloud provider:

Dept. of Management technology & Research, N. M. D. College,

Figure of Cloud Provider

Dept. of Management technology & Research, N. M. D. College,

Dept. of Management technology & Research, N. M. D. College,

Dept. of Management technology & Research, N. M. D. College,

Dept. of Management technology & Research, N. M. D. College,

Characteristics of Cloud computing:

Cloud computing is IT (or business) service-centric. This is in sharp contrast to

Dept. of Management technology & Research, N. M. D. College,

Self-service based usage model:

Minimally or self-managed platform:

Dept. of Management technology & Research, N. M. D. College,

management via software automation, leveraging the following

Dept. of Management technology & Research, N. M. D. College,

Cloud Controlling Devices

Dept. of Management technology & Research, N. M. D. College,

Cloud computing is broken down into three segments: "applications,"

Dept. of Management technology & Research, N. M. D. College,

Segments of Cloud Computing

Dept. of Management technology & Research, N. M. D. College,

Platforms serve as an interface for users to access applications provided by

Google (GOOG) - Apps Engine

Dept. of Management technology & Research, N. M. D. College,

Implementing Cloud Computing:

In a private cloud, the infrastructure for implementing the cloud is controlled

Dept. of Management technology & Research, N. M. D. College,

In a public cloud, external organizations provide the infrastructure and

Public clouds have the disadvantage of hosting your data in an offsite

Dept. of Management technology & Research, N. M. D. College,

Dept. of Management technology & Research, N. M. D. College,

stringent regulatory or service level requirements can leverage a public cloud

ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUD COMPUTING:

Figure-Cloud Computing Architecture

Dept. of Management technology & Research, N. M. D. College,

The steps of the procedure are summarized bellow:

B. Resource Monitoring Procedure:

C. Resource Allocation Procedure:

Dept. of Management technology & Research, N. M. D. College,

INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUD CENTRAL

The Architecture of Cloud Central System composed of two sub-layers. The

Dept. of Management technology & Research, N. M. D. College,

Dept. of Management technology & Research, N. M. D. College,

CLOUD COMPUTING SECURITY PLAN:

Identity management is key. Give priority to improving identity

Dept. of Management technology & Research, N. M. D. College,

Determine specific IT security policies for change management and patch

Dept. of Management technology & Research, N. M. D. College,