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Nataly Tcherepashenets
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Praising Grard de Nervals translation of Faust into French, the German writer, for
instance, exclaims: I do not like to [] read my Faust any more in German; but in this
French translation all seems again fresh, new, and spirited (341).
6
Cristopher Johnson suggests that Borgess approach to literary translation is inspired by Sir Thomas Browns conception of the universal author.
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mismo (italics added). In the same text both authors connect creation and respiration, but whereas Whitman establishes a parallelism
between this two acts, when he writes, My respiration and inspiration, (2, 15) Borges avoids direct reference to a creative process and
conceptualizes inspiration in respiratory (physiological) terms: Mi
aspiracin y mi espiracin, el latido de mi pecho (2, 15). This translation is probably inspired by the description of the birth of poetry
in Dantes Divine Comedy, which Borges admired throughout his
lifetime. In Canto 1 of Paraso the lyric voice uses breathing as a
trope in his quest for inspiration which he needs for the creation of a
song comparable to Apollos (Gods) one:
Enter my breast and breathe as thou didst
when thou drewest Marsyas
from the sheath of his body (19- 21)
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tambin
In this way, Borges Hojas de hierba displays a consistent dialogization, and hence poetic displacement, of Whitmans text, for translation, as George Steiner observes, invades, extracts and brings
home (298).
A suggested interpretation of Borgess translation of Whitmans
work as a return to himself through the asymmetrical dialogue with
the other is in accord with Borgess own self- portrait as a translator
offered in A Islandia and Al idioma alemn. Both poems can be
read as metapoetical comments on translation as an intimate act of
reading, which, as Harold Bloom perceptively observes, strengthens
the individual. Significantly, they are recollected in El oro de los tigres, a book inspired by the authors blindness. This biographical
fact, a deterioration which left only the color yellow to the author,
may explain Borgess return to translation as a theme in his poems,
synonymous to mediation and communication, a creative alternative to isolation.
Translation is an enactment of a dialogue, an imaginary anthropological encounter and a confession in A Islandia. This poem literalizes Borgess observation, made in the prologue to El oro de los tigres, that a language is un modo de sentir la realidad. (OC 2: 457).
Indeed, Islandia is a heterogeneous addressee, a land, a creator (a
composer), a woman, and a dream whose tongue Borges strives to
decipher. It is both familiar, as the lyric voice refers to it as t, and
distant (enigmatic) eres la ms remota y la ms ntima. (3). It is the
authors dream he has been cherishing for many years, and a producer of the texts he has been attempting to translate.
Song of Myself, see Fernando Alegras Borgess Song of Myself.
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The translation that the lyric voice is engaged with is not, however, a pragmatic choice; it is rather a passion, an intimate act of recuperation and rejuvenation: el amor, el ignorante amor, Islandia.
(35).
The poem Al idioma alemn is addressed to another life- long
companion of the author: the German language, which is personified in the text. German breaks the lyric voices solitude, dulce lengua de Alemania/te he elegido y buscado, solitario (8-9), and the
great writers in this language form Borgess invisible company:
Mis noches estn llenas de Virgilio,
dije una vez; tambin pude haber dicho
de Hlderlin y de Angelus Silesius.
Heine me dio sus altos ruiseores;
Goethe, la suerte de un amor tardo (14-18)
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As for Quine, for the lyric voice the jungle trip has a transcendental significance. 10 Indeed, in addition to being a puzzling linguistic
entity, the German language is also an emotion, a synecdoche for its
speakers, readers, writers, and translators, whose voices form a polyphony and part of the natural order:
T, lengua de Alemania, eres tu obra
capital: el amor entrelazado
de las voces compuestas, las vocales
abiertas, los sonidos que permite
el estudioso hexmetro del griego
y tu rumor de selvas y de noches. (23-28)
To conclude, Borgess metapoetical ideas have reflections in practice, where a poem as a translation is both an encounter and a highly
idiosyncratic experience. Exemplifying an integrity of thought often
paradoxical, and always passionate, Borges works as poet, critic
and translator, one and multiple, continue to inspire and challenge
contemporary readers.
Nataly Tcherepashenets
University of Iowa
10 Quine develops his theory of translation in his discussion of the jungle experiences in his Translation and Meaning. He uses anthropological encounters in the
jungle as heuristic device which allows him to show translation/interpretation to be at
the core of linguistic understanding.
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WORKS CITED
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