CHAPTER 1 : SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION

1
The length of a spring is affected by the weight of the load
(a)Based on the statement above, write one suitable hypothesis.
(b)Using a spring, few loads and other apparatus, describe an experiment to
test your hypothesis in (a) based on the following criteria;
Aim of the experiment
Identification of variables
List of apparatus and materials
Procedure
Tabulation of data
Conclusion
ANSWER
(a)
Hypothesis: The heavier the weight of the load, the longer the length of the spring.
(b) Aim : To study the relationship between the length of a spring and the weight of the
load.
Variables that are:
(i)
manipulated: the weight of the load
(ii)
responding: length of the spring
(iii)
constant: the same spring / diameter of the spring.
Apparatus: spring, five different weight loads, retort stand, ruler
Procedure:
1. The spring is hung on a retort stand.
2. The length of a spring is measured.
3. A 0.2 N load is hung to the end of the spring and the length is measured.
4. Step 3 is repeated by increasing the load 0.2N each time until 1.0N.
5. The results are recorded in the table below
Tabulation of data
Weight of the
load, W/N
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0

Length of spring, l / cm

Conclusion
The length of the spring increases as the weight of the load increases.
Hypothesis is acceptable.

2
(a)
State the importance of a scientific investigation method in
acquiring scientific knowledge.
[4 marks]
(b)
Zainal wants to carry out a scientific investigation to measure the
response time of his friend.
Explain the steps he has thought ahead before he can start the experiment.
Your answer should include the following;
Identify the problem
Operational definition of response time and other variables.
List of apparatus
Steps in the method used
ANSWER
(a)

It is a systematic and complete way to acquire scientific knowledge

It enables students to learn the right way of acquiring scientific knowledge
It inculcates the right values and attitudes in students
It helps to minimise misconception or prejudice in an experiment.

(b)
Problem statement: How is the scientific investigation method used to determine the
response time of a person.
Operational definition of response time: the mark at the rule caught by the finger.
Apparatus: meter rule
Manipulated variable : different student
Constant vriable : the same ruler
Steps in the method used:
1. A meter rule is held with 0 facing down and put in between the friend's thumb and
second finger at the zero position.
2. The meter rule is suddenly dropped and the friend is required to catch the rule with the
thumb and second finger.

(a)

State the items in a correct sequence when writing out a report.

CHAPTER 2 : BODY COORDINATION

4 The figure below shows two patterns of block
arrangement.

(b)

A man who has seen the arrangement of wooden blocks as

in the
figure above
can rearrange
blind-folded.
(a) shown
Suggest
a hypothesis
to investigate
the it
above
statement.
(b Using six identical wooden blocks of similar size, describe an
experiment to test your hypothesis in (a) based on the following criteria;
answerAim
of be
the experiment
Study the information above and construct the concept of scientific investigation.Your
should

Identification of apparatus
based on the following steps:

Procedure
Identify the common characteristics

Tabulation of data
Develop the initial concept in the scientific investigation method

Conclusion
[9
Give two other examples to the concept
marks]
Explain the actual concept
ANSWER
ANSWER
(a) Aim, Problem statement, Hypothesis, Variables, Apparatus and materials, Procedure,
Result, Discussion, Conclusion.
(b)
Common characteristic: Scientific attitudes and noble values are practised in scientific
investigation.
Initial concept: Scientific attitudes and noble values should be absorbed during learning
and teaching science.
Two other examples: Systematic / Rational thinking / Fair and impartial / Hardworking and
perservering.
Actual concept: Practising scientific attitudes and noble values will lead to a better
understanding and interpretation of a scientific investigation

(a)hypothesis:Kinaesthesia allows a man to estimate the position of objects

without looking at the objects.
(b) Aim: To study the role of kinaesthesia in estimating the position of objects
Apparatus: six identical wooden blocks, black scarf
Procedure:
- Let a friend look at the arrangement of block shown as in the figure in the
question.
- Blind-fold the friend using a black scarf
- The wooden blocks are scattered.
- Ask the friend to arrange the wooden blocks according to the figure in the
question.
- The observation is recorded
- Repeat with 3 other friends

Tabulation of data:
Name of friend
1.
2.
3.
4.
Conclusion:

Is the arrangement correct? (Yes/No)

Kinaesthesia helps the blind-folded student to arrange the wooden blocks in the correct
pattern.
5

(a)
(b)

State the differences between voluntary action and involuntary action.

6 (a)Describe how the side-effects of excessive alcohol consumption affect the driving skill
of a human.[4 marks]
A patient is not able to walk, hold things or wake up by himself, but he is still able to talk (b)The
and remember
figure below
his shows several effects on human health of the habit of excesive
siblings after an accident.
consumption of alcohol.
Explain what has gone wrong with his brain.
Your explanation should include the following:
Part of the brain which is injured
Part of the brain is functioning
How those parts of the brain affect the patients activities.

ANSWER
(a)
Voluntary action
The response is not automatic
Response controlled by desire
The speed of reaction is slow
Impulse flows through the cerebrum
There is awareness of the action
(Any 4)

Involuntary Action
The response is automatic
Response is not controlled by desire
The speed of reaction is fast and quick
Impulse flows through the medulla oblongata
There is no awareness of the action

(b)
- Part of the brain that is injured is the cerebellum.
- Cerebellum controls the body balance and all the body movements such as walking and
holding things.
- Part of the brain that is functioning is the cerebrum and medulla oblongata
- Cerebrum controls all voluntary action; somehow when the cerebellum is injured, loses
its controlling and coordinating muscular activities
- Cerebrum acts as a centre for mental activities such as speed and memory
- Medulla oblongata controls all the basic and important life activities like breathing and
heartbeat.

Study the above effects. Describe how excessive consumption of alcohol may
cause the above effects on human health.
Your answer should be based on the following:
-Identify the information
-Identify the common characteristics
-Relate the common characteristics of the effect on human health
-Give an example of another effect on human health and a non-health
example on humans.
-State the effect of excessive consumption of alcohol
ANSWER

(a) Alcohol causes a poor judgment of distance

Alcohol causes a double vision
Alcohol slows down the nervous system as it affects body coordination and
movement
Alcohol causes a person to lose self-control
(b)
Identify the information
- Alcohol abuse may cause blockages in blood capillaries, resulting in less
oxygen being
transported to the brain, causing the brain size to shrink
Characteristics
- Alcohol abuse causes heart muscle to deteriorate, thus leading to heart
disease
- Kidney tends to reabsorb less water, leading to dehydration
- Excessive consumption of alcohol causes great damage to the human body.
Example

- alcohol consumption to human health is cirrhosis / gastritis / ulcers

Non-example
- alcohol consumption to human health is social problem / accident
Effect
- Excessive consumption of alcohol may lead to addiction which causes health
problem
to the drinker, social problems to others and traffic accidents.

Tabulation:
Shape of ear lobe
Tallying

Attached ear lobe

Free ear lobe

Number of
occurrences

CHAPTER 3: HEREDITY AND VARIATION

7

Study the following statement.

Analysis of data: Draw a bar chart of number of occurrences vs shape of ear lobe.

There are two different shapes in the ear lobes of the students in a class.
Using the student population in a class, suggest a hypothesis to study the
abovestatement.
Describe an experiment in your classroom to test your hypothesis according to
the following criteria.

Aim of experiment
Identification of variables
List of apparatus and materials
Procedure
Tabulation
Analysis of data
Conclusion

ANSWER
(a) The shape of the ear lobe is a discontinuous variation which can be clearly classified
into the free ear lobe or the attached ear lobe.
(b) Aim: To study the shape of the ear lobe among the pupils.
Variables:
(i) manipulated: different students in the class room
(ii) responding: type of ear lobe
(iii) constant: normal humans
List of apparatus and materials: number of students in the class, figure of the shape of
ear lobe
Procedure:
3. Group the pupils in pairs.
4. Based on the figure of the shape of ear lobe, determine the shape of the ear of their
friend.
5. Record the results in the table below.

Conclusion: The shape of ear lobe is discontinuous variation.

9

(a)The figures (a) and (b) show the formation of twins. Name the types of twins
and state three differences about the types of twins
[4 marks]

(b)A normal married couple wishes to have a baby boy. Explain the mechanism of sex
determination of a baby.
Your answer should includes the following

Identify which gamete could determine the sex of a baby

Clarify the chromosomes which determine baby boy

Draw the genetic chart for the sex determination in the baby

The percentage of getting a baby boy for the couple.

[6 marks]
ANSWER
(a)
Figure (a)

Figure (b)

Identical twins
One single ovum is
fertilized by one sperm to
form one zygote, then
divides into two zygotes
Two foetuses sharing one
placenta
Both have similar genetic
content

(a)

Non-identical twins
Two ova are fertilized by two
sperms, forming two zygotes
Two separate placentas, one
for each foetus
Both have different genetic
content

(b) The father's sperms determine the sex of a baby.

A baby which inherits a Y chromosome from its father, will be a boy. If it inherits a X
chromosome from its father, it will be a girl.
The percentage of getting a boy is 50%.

10 (a)

Define mutation and mutagen.

Describe two factors that cause mutation.
(b) The figure below shows mutation which happens in the body cell of human.

- Mutation is a change in the genes or chromosomes that can alter the original
traits of organisms.
- Mutagen is a substance or radiation that can induce or cause mutation.
- Nuclear radiation such as alpha, beta, gamma and harmful ray can penetrate
the nucleus of a cell and change the structure of the genes and chromosomes.
- Chemicals such as mustard gas, benzene and dioxins can react with DNA in the
chromosomes
(b)
Common characteristics
- Additional or deletion of one chromosomes in the human body cell compare to
the normal human body cell.
- The difference in the number of chromosomes occur during meiosis to produce
gametes with either more or less the number of chromosomes
Initial concept
- The change of the number or the structure of chromosomes is called
chromosome mutation.
Example - Klinefelter's syndrome
Non-example - Albinism / colour blindness / sickle cell anaemia
Actual concept
- Chromosome mutation is the result of the changes in the number or structure
of chromosomes
11(a)State two advantages and two disadvantages of genetic research to
humans.[4 m]
(b)A local Subang 6 papaya fruit is big but is less favourable to consumers.
Explain how MARDI solves the problem in increasing the consumption of
local fruit.
Identify the problem
Clarification of the traits of local papaya fruit and imported variety.
Name the solving method.
State the favourable trait of the product.

ANSWER
Study the abnormalities caused by mutation above. Explain how you can
built a concept based on the information in the figure above.
Your explanation of the concept should include the following:

ANSWER

Identify two common characteristics

Develop initial concept
Give another example and a non-example in relation to the
concept
Explain the actual concept

[2 marks]
[1 mark]
[2 marks]
[2 mark]

(a) Advantages :
1. genetic research has produced better medicines and vaccines for medical
treatment.
2. genetic research has improved the quality of crops and livestock.
Disadvantages:
1. genetic research may lead to extinction of species as new varieties replace
them.
2. genetically modified food may be harmful to human health.
(b)
- The local papaya is less favourable to the consumer.
- The traits of a local papaya are its big size, less sweet taste and has average
thick flesh.
- The traits of an imported variety are its fragrant smell, sweetness and small
size when planted locally

- Selective breeding is done between Local Subang 6 papaya and Hawaiian

Sunrise Solo papaya to produce a new variety named Eksotika Malaysia.
- Eksotika Malaysia is sweet, smells fragrant with thick fresh and is average in
size.

CHAPTER 4: MATTER AND SUBSTANCES

12

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)

The melting point of an ionic substance is higher than a molecular substance.

You are given lead bromide and naphthalene.Carry out an experiment to prove the
statement. Your answer should include the following:
Aim of experiment.
[1 mark]
Hypothesis of experiment.
[1 mark]
List all variables.
[3 marks]
Procedure.
[3 marks]
Data tabulation.
[2 marks]

ANSWER
(a) To show that the melting point of lead bromide is higher than the melting point
of naphthalene.
(b) The melting point of an ionic substance is higher than a molecular substance.
(c) Manipulated variable : Lead bromide and naphthalene.
Responding variable : Melting point
Constant variable : Mass of substance heated.
(d)

Melting point (oC)

Higher than 100oC

Lower than 100oC

13 An ionic substance is an electrolyte whereas a molecular substance is not.

You are given sodium chloride and sugar.Carry out an experiment to prove
the above statement. Your answer should include the following:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)

Aim of experiment.
List all variables.
Procedure.
Data tabulation.
Explanation of the result of experiment.

ANSWER
(a) To show that an ionic substance conducts electricity whereas a molecular substance
does not.
(b) Manipulated variable : Sodium chloride aqueous solution and sugar solution.
Responding variable : Lighting of bulb.
Constant variable : Mass of substance dissolved in 50 cm3 of water.
(c)

10 gram of sodium chloride and 10 g of sugar are dissolved in 50 cm3 of water in separate
beakers. Two carbon electrodes are immersed into each of the solution.
The electrodes are connected to a dry cell. The lighting of the bulb is noted.
(d)
20 g of lead bromide is placed in a crucible. A thermometer is placed in the substance.
The substance is heated. The temperature at which the substance melted is recorded
The experiment is repeated by using 20 g of naphthalene.
(e)
Substance
Lead bromide
Naphthalene

Solution
Observation

Sodium chloride
Bulb lights up.

Sugar
Bulb does not light up

(e) The sodium chloride solution consists of free moving ions that carry charges. Thus it
conducts electricity. The sugar solution consists of molecules which does not carry charges.
Thus the solution is a non-electrolyte.

13 A sample of sodium chloride salt is mixed with sand. Describe how the salt can be
separated and purified from the mixture.
10marks

(a) How is sodium metal extracted from sodium chloride salt?

(b) Sodium is extracted from the electrolysis of molten sodium chloride.
(c)

ANSWER

(d) Sodium chloride is heated until it melts. Electricity is passed through the molten sodium
chloride using carbon as electrodes.
(e) At anode : Greenish chlorine gas is released.
At cathode : Silver sodium metal is formed.
(f) At anode : Chloride ion
chlorine gas + electron
At cathode : Sodium ion + electron
sodium metal
15

The following procedure is carried out:

(a) About 100 cm3 of water is poured into a beaker. The water is heated. The sand and salt
mixture is added and stirred. The sodium chloride dissolves in the water whereas the sand
does not.
(b) The solution is then filtered. The insoluble sand is collected as residue on the filter
paper whereas the filtrate contains sodium chloride salt.
(c) The filtrate is poured into an evaporating dish. The solution is heated to evaporate the
water until the solution becomes saturated.
(d) The saturated solution is allowed to cool. The sodium chloride salt will crystallized out.
(e) The saturated solution is then filtered.The solid salt crystal is trapped as residue on the
filter paper.
(f) The salt is rinsed with distilled water.
(g) The crystal is then transferred to a piece of dry filter paper and then pressed
to absorb the water.
CHAPTER 5 : ENERGY AND CHEMICAL CHANGE
(a)
Identifying the problem.
[1 mark]
(b)
Name the principle used.
[1 mark]
(c)
An apparatus which shows the apparatus set-up.
[2 marks]
(d)
Procedure.
[2 marks]
(e)
Observations.
[2 marks]
(f)
Write word equations for reactions taking place.
[2 marks]

Chemical energy can be converted into electrical energy.

Describe an experiment to prove the above statement.
Your answer should include the following:
(a)
(b)

Aim of experiment.
Name the principle used.

(c)

An apparatus which shows the apparatus set-up.

(d)
(e)
(f)

Procedure.
Observation.
Write word equations for reactions taking place.

[1 mark]
[2

marks]
[2

marks]
[2 marks]
[1 mark]
[2 marks]

ANSWER
(a) To show that chemical energy can be converted into electrical energy.
(b) When two different metal electrodes are immersed into an electrolyte, electrical energy
is produced.
(c)

(d) Zinc and copper electrode are immersed into copper sulphate solution.
The two electrodes are connected with a connecting wire to a galvanometer.
(e) The needle of the galvanometer deflects.

(f) At zinc electrode: Zinc

zinc ion + electron
At copper electrode: Copper ion + electron
copper
16

CHAPTER 6 : NUCLEAR ENERGY

Describe an experiment to show that the reactivity of magnesium > zinc > lead > copper.
Your answer should include the following:
17
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)

Aim of experiment.
Name the principle used.
An apparatus which shows the apparatus set-up.
Procedure.
Tabulation of results.

(a)

Describe how electricity is generated in a nuclear power station.

(b) Give two advantages and two disadvantages of using radioisotopes to generate electricity.
ANSWER
(a)
Schematic of a Nuclear Power Plant

ANSWER
(a) To determine the relative reactivity of magnesium, zinc, lead and copper.
(b) The more reactive the metal the brighter is the reaction of the metal with oxygen.
(c)

(d) Potassium permanganate(VII) is placed into a boiling tube.

Some glass wool is then pushed into the tube.
Some magnesium powder is added into a porcelain boat and then placed in the tube.
The magnesium powder is heated strongly followed by heating the potassium
permanganate(VII).
The reactivity of the reaction is recorded.
Experiment is repeated by replacing magnesium powder with other metal powders.
(e)
Metal
Observation
Magnesium
Burns very brightly
Zinc
Burns brightly
Lead
Glows brightly
Copper
Glows dimly

Uranium-235 atoms are bombarded with neutrons.

The uranium atoms undergo fission with release of heat energy.
The heat energy is used to heat water into steam.
The steam produced will turn the turbine to generate electricity.
The electricity produced is then transmitted to consumers via electric cables.
(b) Advantages
The radioactive fuel lasts a long time.
A small quantity of radioactive substance can generate large amounts of energy.
Disadvantages
The gamma radiations emitted can cause cancer.
Problems faced from storage of the by products as they continue to emit radiations
for a long time.


18

(a)

With examples explain the difference between isotopes and radioisotopes. (4m)

(b) Explain the uses of radioisotopes in the field of

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(c)

Medical
Industry
Agriculture
State three precautions we have to take when handling radioisotopes.

ANSWER
(a)
Isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons.
Radioisotopes are isotopes that are radioactive and can undergo spontaneous decay.
For example, carbon has carbon-12 and carbon-14 isotopes.
The carbon-14 isotope is unstable and decays spontaneously.
It is a radioactive isotope.
(b)
(i) Gamma radiation from the decay of uranium-235 is used to sterilize medical equipments
and medicines.
(ii) Gamma radiation from the decay of uranium-235 is used to detect canned food which
is partially filled.
(iii) Gamma radiation from the decay of radioactive phosphorus-32 is used to study the rate
of absorption of phosphate fertilizer by plants.
(c)
Wear protective lead clothings and gloves.
Use a dosimeter to measure the intensity of the radiation.
Use remote control arms to handle the radioisotopes.

18

Study the following statement.

When white light is shone on two different primary coloured filters,
no coloured light passes through, but when white light is shone on
two different secondary filters, a certain coloured light passes through.

(a)Suggest a hypothesis to investigate the above statement.[1 mark]

(b)Using a red filter, a blue filter, a magenta filter, a yellow filter and other apparatus,
describe an experiment to test your hypothesis in (a) based on the following criteria;

Aim of experiment
[1 mark]

Identification of variables [2 marks]

List of apparatus
[1 mark]

Procedure
[4marks]

[1 mark]

ANSWER
(a) A primary colour filter only enables its coloured light to pass through it and to absorb
all other colour lights but a secondary colour filter enables its colour and the primary
colour lights that form it to pass through it.
(b) Aim of the experiment: To study absorption / subtraction of coloured light by a primary
filter.
Variables that are:
(i) manipulated : the colour filter used
(ii) responding : the colour on the white screen
(iii) constant : white light from ray box
Apparatus: Light box, glass prism, a red filter, a blue filter, a magenta filter, a yellow
filter and white screen.
Procedure:

1.
2.
3.

CHAPTER 7 : LIGHT, COLUR AND SIGHT

Tabulation of data

4.

The apparatus as shown above is set up.

The light box is switched on. The position of the white screen is adjusted so that
the spectrum of white light illuminats it.
Two different colour filters (primary or a secondary as shown on the table below)
are placed in the path of the light beam at P and Q.
The colours that pass through both filters and illuminate the screen are observed.

Tabulation of data:
Filter P

Filter Q

Colours on screen

Red

Blue

No colour

Red

Magenta

Red

Red

Yellow

Red

Blue

Magenta

Blue

Blue

Yellow

No colour

Magenta

Yellow

Red

19 (a) Compare the image formed by a convex lens and a concave lens.[4 marks]

(b) The figure below shows several characteristics formed by an optical apparatus.

Study the characteristics of the image formed. Explain how you can determine the
apparatus used and the phenomenon that occurred in the formation of the image
based on the information in the figure above.
Your explanation of the phenomenon should include the following:
-Identify two criteria in the formation of the image
-Identify the apparatus and develop the phenomenon
-Give other example and non-examples of the characteristic of the image
-Explain the Law of the phenomenon.
[6 marks]
ANSWER
(a)
Properties of the image Convex lenses
Concave lenses
Real or virtual
Upright or inverted
Position of the image

Size of the image

Real if the object distance is u > f .

Virtual if the object distance is u < f
Inverted if the image is real, upright
if the image is virtual
Image is formed behind the lens if
the image is real. Image is formed in
front of the lens if the image is
virtual
Bigger or smaller than the object
depending on the object distance

Virtual
Upright
Image is always
formed in front
of the lens
Always smaller
than the object

(b) Two criteria

- The incident rays from the object strike a smooth and flat surface and reflected back
- The angle of incidence, i is same as the angle of reflection, r.
Apparatus and phenomenon
- The optical apparatus is mirror and the phenomenon occurred is reflection.
Example
- The size of the image is the same as the object // the distance of image behind the screen
is the same as the distance of the object in front of the screen.
Non-examples
- Real

Law of reflection:
- The incident ray, reflected ray and normal all lie in the same plane.
- The angle of incidence, i is equal to the angle of reflection, r.
20 (a)Compare and contrast the focusing and controlling of the amount of light in
the human eye and a camera.
[4 marks]
(b)A student wants to observe a distant object. Explain how the student can build a
device to observe the object. Your answer must include the following:

Problem statement

Name of the device built

Name the apparatus needed

The arrangement of the apparatus

[6 marks]
ANSWER
(a)
Eye
The thickening and
thinning of eye lens is
controlled by the ciliary
muscle that changes the
focal length of the eye
lens
Light enters the eye
through the pupil. The
size of the pupil is
controlled by the iris
which controls the
amount of light which
enters the eye.

Function
Focusing
method

Controlling
the amount of
light that
enters.

Camera
The camera lens moves
forward and backward
by adjusting the focus
adjuster,
which
changes the distance
between the lens and
the film.
Light enters the camera
through the aperture.
The size of the
aperture is controlled
by the diaphragm. The
shutter also controls
the period of time the
light enters the camera.

(b)
Problem statement: To observe a distant object.
Name of the device built: Telescope
Name the apparatus needed:
Two convex lenses; one with a long focal length and the other one with a short focal
length.
The arrangement of the apparatus
The long focal length convex lens is used as an objective lens to focus parallel light
rays from the distant object at its focal point.
- The short focal length convex lens is used as the eye lens and is adjusted so that the
image from the objective lens is at the focal point of the eye lens

21

Steel is harder than pure iron.

Carry out an experiment to prove the above statement.
Your explanation must include the following:

Aim of the experiment

Hypothesis.
Identification of variables.
Procedure
Tabulation of data
Conclusion

ANSWER

22(a)Describe how ammonia is synthesized in industry.Your answer should include the

following:
(i)
Name the process.
(ii) State the sources of reactants.
(iii) Optimum conditions to synthesize ammonia
(iv) Word equation to represent the process.
[7 marks]
(b) State three uses of ammonia.
[3 marks]
ANSWER
(a)(i) Haber process
(ii) Nitrogen is obtained from fractional distillation of liquid air.Hydrogen is obtained
from natural gas.
(iii) Pressure of 200 atmosphere, temperature of 450oC and iron powder is used as
catalyst.
(iv) Nitrogen + hydrogen
ammonia
(b) To make fertilizer, nitric acid and prevent coagulation of latex.
23

(a) To compare the hardness of steel and pure iron.

(b) Steel is harder than pure iron.
(c) Manipulated variable : Steel block and pure iron block
Responding variable : Diameter of dent
Constant variable : Height the weight is dropped onto the ball bearing.
(d) A steel ball bearing is fixed onto a steel block using cellotape.
A 1 kg weight is dropped onto the ball bearing from a height of 50cm.
The diameter of the dent produced is measured, using a ruler.
The experiment is repeated by replacing the steel block with pure iron block.
(e)
Material
Steel block
Pure iron block
Diameter of dent
p mm
q mm
(cm)
(f) The value of q > p. We conclude that pure iron is softer or steel is harder.

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

Define what is an alloy.

Give an example of alloy and its composition.
State a use of the alloy in (b) above.
Explain using the arrangement of atoms, why an alloy is harder than its pure metal.

ANSWER
(a) An alloy is a mixture of two or more metals in a certain percentage.
(b) Bronze. (90% copper and 10% tin)
(c) Bronze is used to make medals.
(d)

The atoms in pure metals are arranged in a regular pattern. When a force is applied to it, the
atoms will slide across each other. Thus pure metal is soft.

The diagram above shows the presence of foreign atoms in an alloy. The foreign atoms
prevent the metal atoms from sliding when a force is applied to it.Thus alloy is harder. (1)
FORM 5 -Chapter 1 Microorganisms and their effects on living things
1

Petri dish A shows the number of bacteria colonies and Petri dish C shows none. Sunlight
stops the activities of the microorganism. Hypothesis is accepted.
2(a)Bacteria and alga are microorganisms. Somehow there are differences between
the two microorganisms. State four differences in the properties between bacteria
and alga. [4 marks]

Study the following statement;

Sunlight affects the activities of microorganisms
Suggest a hypothesis to investigate the above statement.
(b)

Using few petri cultures of Bacillus subtilis, describe an experiment to test your hypothesis in (a) based on
the following criteria;

Aim of the experiment

Identification of variables
List of apparatus and materials
Procedure
Tabulation of data
Conclusion

(b)The figure above shows two loaves of bread A and B made by two students A and B
respectively. State the difference between bread A and bread B.Describes how student B
can bake bread like student A. Your explanation must have the following criteria:

Problem statement

Name the ingredient needed

State how the action of the ingredient helps to bake a better bread. [6 marks]
ANSWER :
2(a)
Properties
Bacteria
Alga
Size /m
0.5 -10
1 - 1000
Shape
Rod, sphere, comma,
Variety shape
spiral
Unicellular / Unicellular
Multicellular
Multicellular
Nutrition
Saprophyte, parasite and
Autotroph
autotroph

Answer
1 (a) Hypothesis: Strong sunlight kills / stops the activities of microorganisms
(b) Aim: To study the effect of sunlight on the activities of microorganism
Constant variable: Nutrient / pH of the nutrient / amount of bacteria
Manipulated variable: exposition to light
Responding variable: number of bacteria colonies
Apparatus and materials: 3 petri cultures of Bacillus subtilis with their sterile covers,
Procedure:
(i) The 3 petri dishes with culture of Bacillus subtilis were covered with their sterile
covers respectively and overturned.
(ii) The dishes were labelled A, B and C. Petri dish A was put inside a dark cupboard.
Petri dish B was put on the lab table and Petri dish C was put under the ultraviolet light.
(iii) The dishes were left aside for 2 days.
(iv) The observation was recorded.
Tabulation of data:
Petri dish
A
B
C
Conclusion:

Observation

(b)

Bread A is light and fluffy but bread B is small and hard

Bread B lacks one ingredient that makes the dough not rise and not fluffy.
Yeast
Yeast breaks down the glucose in the bread dough and releases carbon dioxide gas.
Carbon dioxide gas makes the dough rise and the bread becomes light and fluffy.

3 (a)

Using heat or chemical are two ways of sterilization. Describe two methods for
each way to show how sterilization is carried out. [4 marks]

CHAPTER 2 Nutrition and food production

4
Plants do not grow healthily when lacking in certain nutrients
(a)Based on the above statement and using the minerals of nitrogen, phosphorous, and
potassium, write one suitable hypothesis.
[1 mark]
(b)Using a complete culture solution, culture solution without nitrogen, culture solution
without phosphorous, culture solution without potassium and other apparatus, describe an
experiment that you carry out in the laboratory to prove the hypothesis.
Your description should include the following;

(b)

Study the picture above and construct a concept of how transmission of disease
occurs through a vector.
Your answer must be based on the steps below:
[2 marks]
Identify the common characteristics
Relate the common characteristics to the transmission of disease
[1 mark]
through the vector in order to construct the initial concept
Give an example of another transmission of disease through the
[2 marks]
vector and a transmission of disease not through the vector
[1 mark]
State the actual concept of transmission of disease through the
vector.

ANSWER :
3(a) Heat :
1 : Boiling in water at 100 C for 6 hours
2 : Heating for 15 minutes in the autoclave at 121 C
Chemical :
1: Antiseptic applied on injured skin to prevent reproduction of pathogen
2: Disinfectant used in cleaning and mopping.
(b)
Mosquito transfers pathogen to human
Fly transfers pathogen to the food and food is eaten by human
Mosquito and fly carry the pathogen from a patient to a healthy person
Example : Rat
Not examples : Ant, Bee
The vector is an animal that carries the pathogen from a patient to a healthy person

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)

aim of experiment
[1 mark]
identification of variables
[2 marks]
list of apparatus and materials [1 mark]
procedure
[4 marks]
tabulation of data
[1 mark]

ANSWER :

4(a) Deficiency in nutrient nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium hinder the

growth of plants.
(b) Aim : To study the effects of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium deficiency
on the plant growth.
Constant variable : germinating seed, frequency of changing solution
Manipulated variable : culture solution
Responding variable : rate growth of germinating seed
Apparatus and materials : cotton, black paper, germinating seeds, complete
culture solution, culture solution without nitrogen, culture solution without
phosphorous, culture solution without potassium, measuring cylinder and 4
boiling tubes
Procedure :

2) Mouths of boiling tubes were closed with cotton and one germinating seed
was put in each tube.
3) Each boiling tube was wrapped with black paper.
4) All the boiling tubes were put on a rack and left exposed to sunlight.
5) After a week, the culture solutions were changed to new ones.
6) Observation of each germinating seed was done for two weeks.

Tabulation of data :

Boiling
tube
A
B
C
D

Observation

5 (a)

The calories requirement per day of the two people in the figure below is not the same.
Identify the factors that affect the calories requirement per day for the individuals below.

CHAPTER 3-Preservation & conservation of the environment

6

Give three explanations how they affect the calorie requirement per day. [4 marks]
(b) The figures below show three different diseases caused by malnutrition.
Figure (i) : Ricketts
Figure (ii) : Scurvy
Figure (iii) : Goiter
Study the diseases in the figures above and explain how you construct the concept of
malnutrition.
Your answer should be based on the following steps:
Identify the information
Identify the common characteristics
Relate the common characteristics to malnutrition in order to construct the initial concept
Give other examples and non-examples in relation to the concept
State the actual concept of malnutrition
[6 marks]
ANSWER:
5 (a) sex
A man requires more calories than a lady because;
(i) size and weight of a man is bigger than a lady
(ii) metabolism of a man is higher
(iii) a man is more active physically
(b)
Identify the information
The diseases are caused by malnutrition for a long
period of time
Identify the common
The diseases above are due to deficiency of one class
characteristics
of food respectively in daily diet.
(i) Ricketts - deficiency of vitamin D
(ii) Scurvy - deficiency of vitamin C
(iii) Goiter - deficiency of iodine
common characteristicsto Deficiency of one class of food in daily diet may lead
malnutrition
to malnutrition.
Other examples
Kwashiorkor / Anemia / Night blindness
Non-examples
State the actual concept of
malnutrition

Obesity / Arteriosclerosis / Diabetes

Malnutrition is a state when an individual suffers
from food deficiency in one or two necessary food
classes in his daily diet to maintain a healthy body.

The figure above shows Mr. Johnny's farm. He plants leafy vegetables, rear fresh water fish
and poultry for sale. He uses chemical fertilizers and pesticides to maintain and increase
the yield of his vegetables.
State the four effects of excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.[4 marks]
After some time, he finds that the surface of the pond is covered with a layer of green
substance and the fish has died.Explain how Mr. Johnny overcomes the problems in his
pond. Your answer should include the following;

Identify the problem

State the phenomena

Clarification of the problem

Solving methods
[6 marks]
ANSWER :
Excessive fertilizer that flows to river and pond encourages the growth of alga.
Alga prevents sunlight from reaching the bottom of the river or pond, aquatic plants cannot
undergo photosynthesis and therefore die.
The content of oxygen in the water decreases.
Pesticides hardly decompose, but flow into the pond or river and are eaten by the aquatic
animals, causing death or passing on into the food chain.
Identify problems - Alga grows on the water surface and the dies
Phenomena - Eutrofication
Clarification of the problem
-Excessive fertilizer and waste from the poultry contain nitrate and phosphate compounds
which encourage the growth of alga. Pesticides from the vegetable farm contain DDT
which is harmful to living organisms.
Solving methods
-Convert the poultry waste into compost fertilizer. Use compost fertilizer instead of
chemical fertilizer
Use biological pest control methods instead of pesticides.

7 (a)

Improper management of open land to give way for development has caused
a number of side effects on the balance in nature.
State four side effects caused by improper management of open land. [4 m]
(b) The figures (i) and (ii) below show activities which happened in our
surroundings that caused global warming.

Study the above activities. Explain how you would be able to construct the
concept of global warming.Your answer should be based on the following
steps:
Identify the common characteristics
Relate the common characteristics to the change of environment in order
to construct the initial concept
Give an example of other forms of pollution and a non-example in
relation to the concept.
State the actual concept of global warming. [6 marks]
ANSWER :
7(a) extinction of species
loss of habitat
soil erosion
flash flood
(b)
Identify the common
Combustion of fuel release carbon dioxide into the air.
characteristics
Cutting down of trees eliminates the process of
photosynthesis of the trees, indirectly increasing the content
of carbon dioxide in the air
Construct the initial
Carbon dioxide in the air prevents heat from leaving the
concept
atmosphere, thus increasing the temperature on the earth
which is named global warming
Another example
Forest fire / open burning of rubbish
Non example
Disposal of byproducts, waste, toxic substances,
radioactive substances, smoke and heat / uncontrolled use
of chemical fertilizers
State the actual
Global warming is the rise in earth temperatures due to the
concept of global
increase of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide.
warming

CHAPTER 4 Carbon Compounds

(a)Based on the above statements, write one suitable hypothesis.
[1 mark]
8 A rubber planter adds ammonia into latex to maintain its liquid state and sells it
in liquid state. To some latex, he adds formic acid and sells it as solid rubber.
(b)With the material of latex, acetic acid and ammonia, describe an experiment that you
can carry out in a laboratory to prove the hypothesis.
Your description should include the following;
(i)
aim of experiment
[1 mark]
(ii)
identification of variables
[2 marks]
(iii)
list of apparatus and materials
[1 mark]
(iv)
method
[3 marks]
(v)
how to tabulate the data
[1 mark]
(vi)
conclusion
[1 mark]
ANSWER :
8(a) Hypothesis : Alkaline prevents coagulation of latex and acid coagulates the latex.
(b) (i) To study the effects of alkaline and acid on latex
(ii) manipulated variables: ammonia and acetic acid
responding variables: condition of latex / coagulation of rubber
constant variables: volume of latex
(iii) apparatus and materials: latex, acetic acid, ammonia, beaker, measuring cylinder
(iv) method:
1. Latex is measured with a measuring cylinder and poured into 2 beakers
2. Ammonia and acetic acid are poured into the respective beakers.
3. The mixtures are stirred and left for 10 minutes. Observations are recorded.
(v) Data
Beaker
A
B

Observation

(vi) Conclusion: Ammonia prevents the latex from coagulating and acid causes
coagulation of latex

9 (a)

State three differences between organic carbon compound and non organic

(b)

carbon compound. Name an example for each respective group. [4 marks]

The figure below shows the products of hydrocarbon.

Study the products above and construct the concept of hydrocarbon.

Your answer should be based on the following steps;
Identify two common characteristics
Develop initial concept
Give an other example and a non-example in relation to the concept
Explain the actual concept. [6 marks]
ANSWER:
9(a)

Initial concept
Example
Non-example
Actual concept

The products are from the sources of fossil fuel

Natural gas
Mineral such as calcium carbonate
Hydrocarbon is organic carbon compound which consists of
the carbon and hydrogen elements and has originated from
living organisms which died millions of years ago
10(a) Butter and margarine are used to made cakes and cookies.
State four differences between butter and margarine based on the following;

Sources

Structure of atom

Physical properties

Effect on health
(b) An officer whose favourite foods are cakes and cookies, finds that her low
density cholesterol level in the blood test is slightly higher.
Explain how the officer can solve or remedy her situation since she cannot give up her
favorite foods. Your explanation should include the following;

Problem statement

State the effects on the body

Suggest a diet to replace the present diet. [6 marks]

ANSWER :
10 (a)

Organic carbon compound

Carbon compound which has
originated from living organisms.
Carbon chain which has many
carbon atoms.
Dissolve in organic solvent.
Eg: alcohol
Starch

Non organic carbon compound

Carbon compound which has originated
from non living thing such as minerals.
Molecule with few carbon atoms only.

Sources
Structure of atom

Dissolve in non-organic solvent

Eg. water
Carbon dioxide

Physical
properties
Effect on health

Common
characteristics

The products are hydrocarbon compound which consists of

carbon and hydrogen elements.
The products have originated from living organisms which
died millions of years ago

Solid at room temperature

Margarine
Plant
Unsaturated fat with at least one
double bond between the
carbon atom
Liquid at room temperature

Increase level of cholesterol

Decrease level of cholesterol

(b)

(b)

Butter
animal
Saturated fat with single
bond between carbon atom

Low density cholesterol in the blood is slightly high.

Low density cholesterol deposits on gall bladder as gall bladder stones
Low density cholesterol deposits on the insides of the wall of the artery may
cause high blood pressure, heart disease, arteriosclerosis and coronary
thrombosis
Use margarine in making the cake and cookies
Add fiber, fruits and, vegetables such as carrot into the cake
Eg: Apple cake, Carrot cake

5.

CHAPTER 5 - Motion

The experiment is repeated with two trolleys at X position and three trolleys
at X position respectively to collide with one trolley on Y position.
Tabulation of data
Number of trolleys
Distance the trolleys stop
1
2
3

A moving heavy vehicle has higher momentum

(a)
(b)

Based on the statement above, suggest a hypothesis. [1 mark]

Using four trolleys, an inclined plane, a wooden block, plasticine and other
apparatus, describe an experiment to test your hypothesis in (a) based on the
following criteria:
(i)
aim of experiment
[1 mark]
(ii)
identification of variables
[2 marks]
(iii)
list of apparatus and materials
[1 mark]
(iv)
procedure
[4 marks]
(v)
tabulation of data
[1 mark]
ANSWER :
(a) Hypothesis: The bigger the mass of moving object is, the higher the momentum.
(b) Aim: To study the relationship between momentum and the mass of moving object.
(i) constant : the gradient of inclined plane
(ii) manipulated : Mass of the trolley
(iii) responding : the distance of the trolleys stop
List of apparatus and materials : trolleys, an inclined plane, a wooden block, plasticine
and a metre ruler.
Procedure:

A big ship is made of a mixture of iron. The figures above show that
a piece of iron sinks into the sea whereas a big ship floats on the sea.
Explain why.[4 marks]

A student makes a simple hot air balloon model as shown above for
his science project. He finds that his model could not fly.
Explain how to make his hot air balloon fly.
Your explanation should include the following
Problem statement
State the concept and principle used
Solving methods
[6 marks]
ANSWER :
12(a)

1.
2.
3.
4.

The apparatus are arranged as shown above.

Trolley X is released to go down the inclined plane and collide with trolley Y
Trolley X and Y are stuck after the collision and move together
The distance where the trolleys stop from the spot of collision is measured
and recorded.

(b)

Iron
A piece of iron has a small
volume,
thus
the
mass
divided by volume produces a
higher density
The weight of water displaced
is less than the weight of the
piece of iron. Therefore, the
iron sinks

Ship
The iron pieces in the ship are moulded
into a shape with a large volume of
empty space at the centre. The density
of the ship becomes smaller.
The big ship displaces a large volume of
water where the weight of the water
displaced is the same as the weight of
the big ship. Therefore the big ship
Problem statement: The hot air balloonfloats.
could not fly.
Concept used:
- The hot air inside the balloon is less dense than the cool air outside.
- The upthrust of the hot air balloon must be more than the weight of the balloon.
- The principle used is Archimedes' principle.
Solving methods:
- Increase the size of the balloon to displace more cool air by the hot air inside the
balloon.
- A bunsen burner is lighted at the bottom of the balloon to heat the air inside the balloon.

Conclusion:
Non-processed milk becomes rotten faster than boiled and pasteurised milk. Pasteurised
milk lasts longer than fresh non-milk and boiled milk.

CHAPTER 6 Food technology and production

Processed food can last longer than non-processed food if left exposed to open air
13(a)Based on the statement above, suggest a suitable hypothesis.
(b)Using a fresh non-processed milk, a boiled milk, a pasteurised milk and other
apparatus, describe an experiment to test your hypothesis in (a) based on the following
criteria:
[1 mark]
Aim of experiment
[2 marks]
Identification of variables
[1 mark]
List of apparatus and materials
[3
marks]
Procedure
[1 mark]
Tabulation of data
[1 mark]
Conclusion
ANSWER :
13(a) Hypothesis: Processed food can last longer than non-processed food if left
exposed to open air.
Aim : To identify the processed food that can last longer than non-processed food.
Variable :
(i) manipulated : the method of processed milk
(ii) responding: the condition of the milk
(iii) constant: the volume of milk
List of apparatus and material: fresh non-processed milk, boiled milk, pasteurised milk,
3 beakers, measuring cylinder
Procedure:
1. Three sterile beakers are prepared. Beaker A is filled with fresh non-processed milk,
beaker B is filled with boiled milk and beaker C is filled with pasteurised milk.
2. The beakers are left in the open air for one day.
3. Observe the condition and the smell of the milk after one day and record in the table
below.

14

(a)The world population growth is much faster than the production of

food. Explain how the property of quality breeds can help to increase the
production of food.
(b)A vegetable farmer found his farm is no longer productive and is
having problems with a pest on his farm. Explain how the farmer on his
farm can overcome his problems on his farm.Your answer should include
the following;

Aim of experiment
[1 mark]

Clarification of the problem

[1 mark]

Solving methods
[3 marks]

Choose the best method and explain your choice

[1 mark]

ANSWER :
(a) Property of quality breeds:
(i) high quantity of production
(ii) high quality of production
(iii) short production period
(iv) high resistance towards disease and pest
(b)
Identify the problem
Clarification of the
problem
Solving methods

Result:
Beaker
A
B
C

Observation

Best method

The farmer's farm is no longer productive and

is attacked by a pest.
The soil is not fertile anymore due to intensive
use by certain kind of plant.
The pest has formed a high resistance towards
the pesticide used.
Crop rotation to regain the fertility of the soil.
Mixed crops to regain the problem of the pest
and at the same time can regain the fertility of
the soil.
Integrated system that is to rear poultry
together with plants.
Mixed crops to reduce the problem of the pest,
and at the same time can regain the fertility of
the soil.

Ability to burn

Not easily burnt

Burns with lots of soot

Conclusion:
Natural rubber burns easily with lots of soot whereas synthetic rubber does not burn easily.
Hypothesis is acceptable.
CHAPTER 7 Sythetic Materials in the industry
Synthetic rubber is not easily burned compared to natural rubber
1 (a) Suggest a hypothesis to investigate the above statement. [1 mark]
6
(b) Using a synthetic rubber strip, a natural rubber strip and other apparatus,
describe an experiment to test your hypothesis in (a) based on the
following criteria:
[1 mark]
Aim of experiment
[2 marks]
Identification of variables
[1 mark]
List of apparatus and materials
[3 marks]
Procedure
[1 mark]
Tabulation of data
[1 mark]
Conclusion
ANSWER :
(a) Hypothesis : Natural rubber burns more easily than synthetic rubber
(b) Aim : To compare the characteristic of synthetic rubber and natural rubber towards
burning.
(i) manipulated: type of rubber
(ii) responding: ability to burn
(iii) constant: time of heating
List of apparatus: a synthetic rubber strip, a natural rubber strip, Bunsen burner, tongs
Procedure :

1.
2.

A synthetic rubber strip is burned with a Bunsen burner for 5 minutes as shown above.
The observation is recorded.
A natural rubber strip is burned with the same Bunsen burner for 5 minutes. The
observation is recorded.

Tabulation of data:
Characteristic

Synthetic rubber

Natural rubber

17

(a)The figure above show the products of thermoplastic. State four reasons
why the above products are thermoplastic and not thermoset.
(b)A local council found that the rubbish dumped by the public mostly is
made of plastic. Explain how the local council can solve the problem of
disposal of plastic rubbish. Your explanation should include the following:

Identify the problem

[1 mark]

Clarification of the problem

[1 mark]

Solving methods
[3 marks]

Choose the best method and explain your choice

[1 mark]

ANSWER :
(a)
- the products have low resistance toward heat
- the products are soft
- the products can be recycled as the material can be moulded few times
- the products do not have cross linkage between the polymers chain
- the products have low melting point
(b)
Identify the problem Plastic rubber is not biodegradable and causes
environmental pollution.
Clarification of the
How can we reduce environmental pollution
problem
caused by plastic rubbish?
Solving methods
3. Use biodegradable plastic which can be
decomposed by microorganism.
4. Burn the disposed plastic in an
incinerator.
5. Recycle the disposed plastic into plastic
product that can be used again
6. Reuse the plastic for other purposes.

Choose the best

method and explain
your choice

18

(a)

Recycle because thermoplastic can be

moulded a few times as it can reduce the
disposal of plastic and save sources of plastic
raw materials

Example
Non example
Actual
concept

Polypropene / polystyrene
Bakelite / melamine / epoxy glue
Thermoplastic can be recycled for other purposes that can be
moulded into new products

Polymer synthetic is very useful in modern life. Describe four negative effects of the consumption and
CHAPTER 8- Electric and information and communication technology
disposal of polymer synthetic in the environment.

(b)

The figure above show the plastic which can be recycled. Study the information
above and construct the concept of recycling. Your answer should be based on
the following steps:
[2 marks]
Identify two common characteristics
[1 mark]
Develop initial concept
Give an example of another recycleable and non- [2 marks]
recycleable plastic
[1 mark]
State the actual concept of recycleable plastic
ANSWER:
(a) (i)
Polymer synthetic is not biodegradable and it will be in the environment for a
long period which may cause environmental pollution.
(ii) Open burning of polymer synthetic releases soot and toxic gases such as
dioxin which may cause air pollution and public health problem.
(iii) Disposal of plastic in the drainage may cause blockage of drainage system
and flash flood. It may encourage the breeding of mosquitoes.
(iv) Disposal of plastic in sea and river may cause extinction of turtle and
other aquatic life.
(b)
Two common
characteristics
Initial concept

The plastics can be repeatedly moulded into a variety of

shapes.
The polymer chains of the plastic can slide from one to
another when heated and come together when cooled.
Plastic which can be recycled is the plastic which can be
repeatedly moulded into various shapes and the polymer
chains can slide from one another when heated.

20 (a) A radio wave is used in long distance communication. Give

four reasons why a radio wave is used in information
communication. [4 marks]
(b) The table below shows types of radio waves used in radio
communication.
Local radio broadcasts
Long Wave with low frequency
Radio broadcasts across
Short Wave with high frequency
continent
TV Astro broadcasts
Microwaves
Study the information in the table above and construct the
concept of radio communication. Your answer should be based
on the following steps:
[1
Identify the information
mark]
[2
Identify the common characteristics
marks]
[1
Relate the common characteristics to the radio
mark]
communication in order to construct the initial
concept.
[1
Give an example of another radio communication
mark]
and a non radio communication
[1
State the actual concept of radio communication
mark]
ANSWER:
(a) - It can travel through vacuum
- It moves with the speed of light, so it can transmit the information
very fast.
- It acts as a carrier wave for audio and video signals
- It is not easy to be spread through an obstruction
(b)
Identify the
Local radio broadcast use the long wave with
information
low frequency of the radio wave as a carrier
wave to deliver sound information
Identify the
- Radio broadcasts across continent use
common
short waves with high frequency of the radio
characteristics wave as a carrier wave to deliver sound
information
- TV Astro broadcasts use microwaves with
the highest frequency of radio wave as a
carrier wave to deliver sound and picture

The brightnessinformation
of a bulb varies with the number of resistors in a circuit.

common
All the three radio communications above use the
21 (a)State fourwave
advantages
of satellite
communication
characteristics
of different
frequency
of radio system
waves toin
other communication
system.spectrum as the carrier wave to
electromagnetic
(b)Football World
Cup
2006 was held in Germany. A remote
deliver
information.
country could
not phone
get the/ live
television
broadcasts for the
An example
Hand
FM radio
broadcast
tournament.
Explain
how
the
country
can
solve
the problem
so
19 (a)Suggest a hypothesis to investigate the above
statement.[1
mark]
that
theythree
can
watch
theaoven
matches
live in
the nextdescribe
tournament.
Non example
Microwave
(b)Using
resistors,
bulb and other
apparatus,
an
Your
answerRadio
shouldcommunication
include the following:
experiment
Actual concept
is using a range of radio
Clarification
of the problem
[1 mark]as carrier
Aim of
experiment
[1 mark]
of radio
waves
in
electromagnetic
spectrum
Identification
of information
variables
[2 marks]

Name
system
of communication
[1 mark]
communication
tothe
deliver
List of for
apparatus
and materials
[1 mark]

Steps
the system
to function
[4 marks]

Procedure
[3 marks]
ANSWER:

Tabulation of data
[1 mark]
(a)

Conclusion
[1 mark]
- transmission or receiver of satellite system is not affected by
ANSWER :
the
change in weather.
(a) Hypothesis:
The more the number of resistors used in a circuit, the
-dimmer
it can service
area including the remote area
the lightaofwide
the bulb.
-(b)
it does
needthe
many
relay
stationon
asthe
microwave
Aim : not
To study
effect
of resistors
brightnesscan
of amove
bulb.
very
far
(i) constant:
number of dry cell / power of the bulb
manipulated:
of resistors quickly and efficiently
-(ii)
it can
deliver anumber
lot of information
responding:
brightness
of the
bulb
-(iii)
it can
transmitthe
live
broadcasts
through-out
the world
List
of
apparatus:
3
resistors,
bulb,
dry
cell, connection wire and switch
(b)
Procedure:
Clarification of the
How to get live television broadcasts?
problem
System of
communication

Use satellite communication system

1.Switch
on system
and the brightness
of the
bulb isstation
observed.
Steps ofisthe
An earth
satellite
is built in the
2.A
resistor
is
taken
away
and
switch
is
on.
The
brightness of the bulb is
to function
country.
observed again.
Television camera will record the
3.Step 3 is repeated with one resistor left.
match in the stadium where and when
4.The results of the observations are recorded in the table below
the tournament is on.
Tabulation:
No. of resistor Brightness of

The electrical signal will be sent to the

bulb
television
station and be transmitted
3
by micro wave by the earth satellite
2
station of the host country to the
1
Conclusion:
communication satellite in space. The
As the number of resistors communication
decreases, the brighter
the bulb
is.
satellite
in space
will
Hypothesis is acceptable.
strengthen and transmit back to the
earth's satellite station in the remote
country, and then to the local
television station.