Impedance Relay

An impedance relay is kinds of relay which measure the line

impedance between the relay location & the point of fault.

Current produce = Positive torque
Voltage produce = Negative torque
Impedance, Z=V/I

Static Impedance Relay Using an

Amplitude Comparator

Fig: Static Impedance Relay Unit Using Amplitude Comparator

Description of Static Impedance

Relay
Rectifier bridge comparator is used to realize an
impedance relay characteristic. Since it is an amplitude
comparator, I is compared with V. I is an operating
quantity and V is the restraining quantity . As the
rectifier bridge arrangement is a current comparator, it
is supplied with the operating current Io and restraining
current Ir. Io is proportional to the load current I and
Ir is proportional to the system voltage V.

Static Impedance Relay Using a

Phase Comparator.

Fig: Phase diagram of showing V , I & voltage drop.

Static Impedance Relay Using a

Phase Comparator

Fig: Impedance diagram of static relay using a

phase comparator

Description of Impedance diagram

Now, a circle with radius Zr, is drawn, as shown in Figure. Since NM
is the diameter of the circle, No = Zr and vector NP = Zr + Z. The
angle between (Zr + Z) and (Zr - Z) is . if the point P lies within the
circle, is less than 90.If P falls outside the circle, is greater than
90. Thus, to realize an impedance characteristic, the phase angle
between (Zr + Z) and (Zr - Z) is to be compared with 90. If we
multiply these impedance vectors by I the resulting vectors are
I(Zr + Z) and I(Zr - Z)
or (IZr + IZ) and (IZr - IZ)
or (IZr + V) and (IZr - V)

Operational view of Impedance

Relay.

Fig: Impedance Relay using its operational view.

Realization of the characteristics.

Therefore, to realize an impedance relay characteristic
using a phase comparator, the phase angle , between
(IZr + V) and (IZr - V) is compared with 90. if is
less than 90 the point lies within the characteristic
circle (IZr + V) is the polarizing input and (IZr - V) is
the operating input.

Advantages of Impedance Relay

This construction is compact & robust.
It produce no vibrating torque.
It is less affected by DC transients.
It possesses high speed & sensitivity.
It gives a perfect circular characteristics.

Applications of Impedance Relay

Protection of transmission & sub-transmission lines at

220 kv, 132 kv, 66 kv, 33 kv. Sometimes they are also
used at 11 kv line.

Thank you