Case study of factors affecting development and location of one high tech industry

One High Tech Industry is Biotechnology-It is applying science in fields/mainly in Quatertiary sectors.and HICS--examples
1-For healthcare-finding plants for medical purposes
2-Food production - Cultivation of Genetically modified plants /resistant to disease increase their production 3 Industrial make biofuels

4- Recycling and treating waste and cleaning polluted sites /5 warfare- to make
biological weapons.
Factors for Location ( science parks)
1 near universities where graduates are /50 % of biotech industries in USA. When a new product like antimalaria drug is
produced then a factory will be set up to produce it.2) area chosen for factory is cheap labour and cheap land eg in a LIC .
Case study Recent employment changes within an area
Employment changed from hard industrial labour to educated ,experienced and capable graduates .The M4 corridor silicon valley/ from
London to Bristol and Cardiff / many manufacturing industries. Cardiff was famous for coal, iron and steel / modern industries associated
with food and drink, car assembly plants ,electrical and other household goods. /
High Tech industries such as Compaq ,NEC and INTEL. These are all in the quatertiary sector.
Reading is well known for companies like MICROSOFT, ING DIRECT.
Factors affecting employment change.
1/Good TRANSPORT -Skilled well educated Labour 2/Presence of Universities for research. Cardiff reading oxford university.
Graduates seek work here-3./Government Incentives tax exemption.

Factors affecting location of industrymoving from CBD to urban fringe eg shopping malls business parks
Transport/raw materials/environment/energy/labour/government incentive /capital money/market
demand/location site
Factors affecting of location of tertiary and quatertiary
Cheap land/room for expansion/tansport and accessibility/workers /room for expansion/attractive
environment /little pollution
Sectorial shift is when a country becomes more developed ands employment and GDP shift from primary to
secondary to tertiary.
Informal employment// is mainly seen in tertiary sectors.Found in LIC towns/cities . Part of black
economy / illegal. Shortage of full-time jobs,
Causes of informal sector/ In Many LICs people migrate from rural to urban .
Resulting in too much labour and unemployment / cheap labour.
Low wages leads to streets illegally.
Types of jobs/1 mainly on the streets, from shoe cleaning rubbish collecting car washing. 2-Many children
are involved.3-Lots of crime and violence is involved.4- begging for mney 5-.
Problems of informal sector. 1-There are no health and safety regulations to protect the workers 2- Much of the work
is dangerous 3-Children often work and dont get education. abused.4-Children exposed to street crime 5-People cant get out of poverty
cycle,

Benefits of informal employment

1- cheap services . Eg house cleaner.2-Provides a means of survival.

Case study sector shift from primary to secondary/

In Etheopia LIC 75% employment in primary sector but contributes to 44 % . GDP..In tertiary sector there is
20% employment but this gives 44 % GDP..reason for this differencethere is a lot of subsistence farming and
not a lot for sale. Secondary sector little role manufacturing.

China-Secodary sector only 25 % employment but it give 50% GDP -. Its success if due to cheap labour and
energy.. the secondary sector is shifting to the tertiary sector because more se3rvices are needed.Primary sector
is 45 % employment but only gives 20 % GDP.Agriculture is therefore shrinking and again sector shift.
UK- before- 40% of employment was in secondary sectormanufacturing-industrial .revolution.
Now only 18% employment giving 25% GDP..There is a sector shift- to teriary. 80% employment giving 75%
GDPmany High tech Industries. M4 Corridor .,,Science parks, business parks