4

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Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

1

Make reasonable estimates of the following quantities.

(a) mass of an apple
mass = ............................................... kg

[1]

(b) number of joules of energy in 1 kilowatt-hour

number = ...................................................

[1]

wavelength = ............................................... m

[1]

(c) wavelength of red light in a vacuum

(d) pressure due to a depth of 10 m of water

pressure = .............................................. Pa

[1]

A student uses a micrometer screw gauge to measure the diameter of a wire. He fails to
notice that, with the gauge fully closed, the reading is not zero.
(a) State and explain whether the omission introduces a random error or a systematic error
into the readings of the diameter.
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) Explain why the readings are precise but not accurate.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[2]

9702/2 M/J02

4
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

Make estimates of the following quantities.

(a) the thickness of a sheet of paper
thickness = ....................................... mm [1]
(b) the time for sound to travel 100 m in air
time = ........................................... s [1]
(c) the weight of 1000 cm3 of water
weight = .......................................... N [1]

Briefly describe the structures of crystalline solids, polymers and amorphous materials.
crystalline solids ......................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
polymers ..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
amorphous materials ..............................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
[5]

UCLES 2010

9702/23/O/N/10

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4
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
1

(a) (i)

Distinguish between vector quantities and scalar quantities.

..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(ii)

State whether each of the following is a vector quantity or a scalar quantity.

1.

temperature

.............................................................................................................................. [1]
2.

acceleration of free fall

.............................................................................................................................. [1]
3.

electrical resistance

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

UCLES 2010

9702/22/O/N/10

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5
(b) A block of wood of weight 25 N is held stationary on a slope by means of a string, as
shown in Fig. 1.1.

For
Examiners
Use

string

R
35

slope

25 N

Fig. 1.1
The tension in the string is T and the slope pushes on the block with a force R that is
normal to the slope.
Either by scale drawing on Fig. 1.1 or by calculation, determine the tension T in the
string.

T = .............................................. N [3]
UCLES 2010

9702/22/O/N/10

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4
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

(a) Two of the SI base quantities are mass and time. State three other SI base quantities.
1. ......................................................................................................................................
2. ......................................................................................................................................
3. ......................................................................................................................................
[3]
(b) A sphere of radius r is moving at speed v through air of density . The resistive force F
acting on the sphere is given by the expression
F = Br 2v k
where B and k are constants without units.
(i)

State the SI base units of F, and v.

F ..............................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................
v ..............................................................................................................................
[3]
(ii)

Use base units to determine the value of k.

k = ................................................ [2]

UCLES 2010

9702/21/O/N/10

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5
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

For
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Use

(a) The current in a wire is I. Charge Q passes one point in the wire in time t. State
(i)

the relation between I, Q and t,

..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii)

which of the quantities I, Q and t are base quantities.

..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) The current in the wire is due to electrons, each with charge q, that move with speed v
along the wire. There are n of these electrons per unit volume.
For a wire having a cross-sectional area S, the current I is given by the equation
I = nSqv k,
where k is a constant.
(i)

State the units of I, n, S, q and v in terms of the base units.

I

.............................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................

S .............................................................................................................................

(ii)

.............................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................
[3]

By considering the homogeneity of the equation, determine the value of k.

k = .. [2]

UCLES 2008

9702/02/O/N/08

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4
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
1

(a) (i)

Define pressure.
...................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii)

State the units of pressure in base units.

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) The pressure p at a depth h in an incompressible fluid of density is given by

p = gh,
where g is the acceleration of free fall.
Use base units to check the homogeneity of this equation.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [3]

UCLES 2005

9702/02/O/N/05

For
Examiners
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4
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

(a) (i)

Define density.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................

(ii)

State the base units in which density is measured.

...................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) The speed v of sound in a gas is given by the expression

v=

p
,

where p is the pressure of the gas of density . is a constant.

Given that p has the base units of kg m1 s2, show that the constant has no unit.
[3]

A student uses a metre rule to measure the length of an elastic band before and after
stretching it.
The lengths are recorded as
length of band before stretching, L0 = 50.0 0.1 cm
length of band after stretching, LS = 51.6 0.1 cm.
Determine
(a) the change in length (LS L0), quoting your answer with its uncertainty,

(LS L0) = cm [1]

9702/2/O/N/02

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For
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(b) the fractional change in length,

(LS L0)
L0

fractional change = . [1]

(c) the uncertainty in your answer in (b).

uncertainty = [3]

9702/2/O/N/02

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4
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
1

For
Examiners
Use

(a) Distinguish between scalar quantities and vector quantities.

..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) In the following list, underline all the scalar quantities.
acceleration

force

kinetic energy

mass

power

weight

[1]

(c) A stone is thrown with a horizontal velocity of 20 m s1 from the top of a cliff 15 m high.
The path of the stone is shown in Fig. 1.1.
20 m s1
cliff

15 m

ground
Fig. 1.1
Air resistance is negligible.
For this stone,
(i)

calculate the time to fall 15 m,

time = .............................................. s [2]

(ii)

calculate the magnitude of the resultant velocity after falling 15 m,

resultant velocity = ........................................ m s1 [3]

UCLES 2011

9702/22/M/J/11

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5
(iii)

describe the difference between the displacement of the stone and the distance
that it travels.

For
Examiners
Use

..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [2]

UCLES 2011

9702/22/M/J/11

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5
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
1

For
Examiners
Use

A unit is often expressed with a prefix. For example, the gram may be written with the prefix
kilo as the kilogram. The prefix represents a power-of-ten. In this case, the power-of-ten
is 103.
Complete Fig. 1.1 to show each prefix with its symbol and power-of-ten.
prefix

symbol

power-of-ten

kilo

103

nano

.............................

centi

....................... 102

................................ M

106

................................ T

1012
Fig. 1.1
[4]

UCLES 2010

9702/21/M/J/10

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4
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
1

For
Examiners
Use

(a) Two of the SI base quantities and their units are mass (kg) and length (m).
Name three other SI base quantities and their units.
1. quantity ....................................................... unit .........................................................
2. quantity ....................................................... unit .........................................................
3. quantity ....................................................... unit .........................................................
[3]
(b) The pressure p due to a liquid of density is related to the depth h by the expression
p = gh,
where g is the acceleration of free fall.
Use this expression to determine the derived units of pressure. Explain your working.

[5]

UCLES 2009

9702/22/M/J/09

4
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
1

Make reasonable estimates of the following quantities.

(a) the frequency of an audible sound wave
frequency = ........................................... Hz [1]
(b) the wavelength, in nm, of ultraviolet radiation
wavelength = ........................................... nm [1]
(c) the mass of a plastic 30 cm ruler
mass = .............................................. g [1]
(d) the density of air at atmospheric pressure
density = ..................................... kg m3 [1]

UCLES 2008

9702/02/M/J/08

For
Examiners
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4
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
1

(a) Derive the SI base unit of force.

SI base unit of force = [1]

(b) A spherical ball of radius r experiences a resistive force F due to the air as it moves
through the air at speed v. The resistive force F is given by the expression
F = crv,
where c is a constant.
Derive the SI base unit of the constant c.

SI base unit of c = [1]

UCLES 2006

9702/02/M/J/06

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For
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5
(c) The ball is dropped from rest through a height of 4.5 m.
(i)

Assuming air resistance to be negligible, calculate the final speed of the ball.

speed = m s1 [2]
(ii)

The ball has mass 15 g and radius 1.2 cm.

The numerical value of the constant c in the equation in (b) is equal to 3.2 104
when measured using the SI system of units.
Show quantitatively whether the assumption made in (i) is justified.

[3]

UCLES 2006

9702/02/M/J/06

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4
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
1

Make estimates of the following quantities.

(a) the speed of sound in air

speed = ................................................. [1]

(b) the density of air at room temperature and pressure

density = ................................................. [1]

(c) the mass of a protractor

mass = ................................................. [1]

(d) the volume, in cm3, of the head of an adult person

volume = ......................................... cm3 [1]

UCLES 2005

9702/02/M/J/05

For
Examiners
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4
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

(a) State the difference between a scalar quantity and a vector quantity.
scalar: ..............................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
vector: ..............................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) Two forces of magnitude 6.0 N and 8.0 N act at a point P. Both forces act away from
point P and the angle between them is 40.
Fig. 1.1 shows two lines at an angle of 40 to one another.

40

Fig. 1.1
On Fig. 1.1, draw a vector diagram to determine the magnitude of the resultant of the
two forces.
magnitude of resultant = ...................................... N [4]

UCLES 2004

9702/02/M/J/04

For
Examiners
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