CamIU/Courselecturer:SouSovannara

9/5/2016

What you need to know before studying AL?

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Applied Linguistics (AL)

Semester One
Course instructor: Sou Sovannara

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Language

Lexicon

Phonetics

Grammar

Phonology

Pragmatics

Morphology
Syntax
Semantics

What is language?

What is language?

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The system of human communication.

It consists of the structured arrangement of sounds in
words, or sentences.
It is made up of socially shared rules that includes,
What words mean (e.g., "star" can refer to a bright
object in the night sky or a celebrity)
How to make new words (e.g., friend, friendly,
unfriendly)

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What is language for?

Why study language?

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It is the heart of human life.

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It serves as a means of thought.

School curriculum

It also refers to non-human system of communication

(language of dolphins).

Integrative purpose

Its presumably the foundation of generation, learning

and reasoning.

Curiosity

How to put words together (e.g., "Peg walked to the

new store" rather than "Peg walk store new")
What word combinations are best in what situations
("Would you mind moving your foot?" could quickly
change to "Get off my foot, please!" if the first
request did not produce results)

Communication

Instrumental purpose

Self-development
etc.

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Phonetics

Why does your language vary?

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It depends who you are.

It depends what youre doing.
It depends where you live.
It depends how old you are.

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What sounds have you heard in other

languages that are not in English?
Exactly how do you move your articulators to
pronounce the tt sound in butter?

It depends what social class you come from.

It depends on your gender.
It depends what youre talking about.

Phonology
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Phonology is the study of

-The sound system of a language
-How the particular sounds contrast in each
language to form an integrated system for
encoding information
-How sound systems differ from one language
to another

Morphology
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The structure of words in a language, including

patterns of inflections and derivation
The study of how words are formed in a
language
Ex: book > books
speak > speaks
friendly > unfriendly

Syntax
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the way words are put together in a language

to form phrases, clauses, or sentences
the discipline that examines the rules of a
language that dictate how the various parts of
sentences go together

Semantics
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study of meaning in communication

the study of interpretation of signs as used by
agents or communities within particular
circumstances and contexts
science of meaning in language

Ex: a picture draws an artist.

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Pragmatics
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the meanings between the lexis and the

grammar and the phonology
pragmatics studies how people comprehend
and produce a communicative act or speech
act in a concrete speech situation which is
usually a conversation

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Example of Pragmatics
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When a diplomat says yes, he means perhaps;

When he says perhaps, he means no;
When he says no, he is not a diplomat.
When a lady says no, she means perhaps;
When she says perhaps, she means yes; When she says
yes, she is not a lady.
Voltaire (Quoted, in Spanish, in Escandell 1993.)

Lexicon
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A lexicon is the knowledge that a native speaker

has about a language. This includes information
about:
the form and meanings of words and phrases
lexical categorization

Grammar
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the system of a language

a field of linguistics that involves all the
various things that make up the rules of
language

the appropriate usage of words and phrases

relationships between words and phrases, and
categories of words and phrases.

Kinds of Grammar
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Descriptive grammar
is the objective description of a speakers
knowledge of a language (competence)
based on their use of the language
(performance).
Prescriptive grammar
is a set of rules designed to give
instructions regarding the correct or
proper way to speak or write.

References
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Sok Soth (2008) handout.

Keo Onn (2008) handout

CamIU/Courselecturer:SouSovannara

9/5/2016

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The End