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EXERCISE NO. 6
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
When two or more different substances are combined together and each
retains its identity and specific properties, a mixture is formed. It can either be
homogeneous where only one phase is present or heterogeneous where definite
surfaces or parts can be detected. Based on distribution patterns, three types of
mixtures can be formed: solution, suspension and colloidal dispersion.
A solution is a homogeneous mixture in which the particles of the different
substances cannot be distinguished from each other. Solutions have the smallest
dispersed particles among the mixtures. A suspension is a mixture wherein the
dispersed substances consist fairly of large particles which do not distribute
themselves uniformly but tend to sediment or separate out.
A substance may break down to small particles but still large enough that they
neither form a separate layer, as in a suspension. These particles are called colloids
and they remain suspended in the solvent. The resulting mixture is termed as
colloidal system or colloidal dispersion.
Tyndall effect can be used to differentiate between a colloidal dispersion and a
solution. Colloidal dispersion exhibit sedimentation, but this occurs at a slow rate.
They also have a capacity to change from liquid state, sol to solid state, gel, and vice
versa.
When a colloidal dispersion is composed of immiscible components such as
water and oil, a third component, the emulsifier is needed. Emulsifiers increase the
affinity of immiscible components and stabilize the dispersion. The resulting mixture
is known as emulsion.
Laboratory Work
Prepare the following mixtures. Strictly follow the procedure below in stepwise
pattern.
1. Salt Water
Place 10 ml of distilled water in a test tube. Add table salt little by little and
shake vigorously. Test for Tyndall effect by allowing the beam of a flashlight to pass
through the mixture. Describe and identify the resulting mixture. Continue adding
salt crystals more and more until the crystals no longer dissolve. Why is this so?
Identify the resulting mixture.
2. Flour and water
Place 10 ml of distilled water in a test tube. Add one-fourth teaspoon of flour
and shake. Again, test for Tyndall effect. Describe and identify the resulting mixture.
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What are the effects of sodium bicarbonate and detergent on the mixture?
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Which is the emulsifier? Why?
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4. Gelatin and water
Description and identification of the resulting mixture:
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Description and identification of the resulting mixture (after heating):
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