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CIV 515
Building Design II
CIV 515
Building Design II
WRITTEN REPORT
Plumbing Works
SUBMITTED BY:
GROUP 1
FLORES, LOVELY MILES D.
FORTEZA, CYRIL P.
GUTIERREZ, MATTHEW
MENDOZA, CENDRIK ANTHONY S.
ROLDAN, RENZO P.
RODRIGUEZ, NATASSIA PAULA Q.
TRAJANO, NICO P.
SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR. ERLYNROSE MARI LOPEZ SACOTE
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Building Design II
Introduction
Plumbing
- derived from the Latin plumbum for lead, as the first effective pipes used in Roman era were lead
pipes;Is any system that conveys fluids for a wide range of applications.
They usually work in collaboration with or under the supervision of licensed mechanical, civil or fire
protection engineers.
SYSTEMS
hydronics
HISTORY
Indoor plumbing was first introduced by the Indus Valley civilization, around 3,000 B.C.
The birth of the plumbing profession in the Philippines is traced back to the 17th century. The WALLED
CITY known as Intramuros was established by the Spaniards as a model community.
During the 18th and 19th centuries, the Filipino plumbers were assigned the task of maintaining,
repairing and/or remodelling plumbing systems in all "pueblos" or towns including churches, convents
and government buildings
Governor General Harrison issued a letter of instruction on proper waste disposal in all municipalities,
20TH century
Sometime in 1902, Through the initiative of the Filipino Master Plumbers, a plumbing code based on
the Plumbing Code of the United States was incorporated into the Building Code for the City of Manila.
City Ordinance 2411, otherwise known as "the Plumbing Code for the City of Manila" was enacted in
consultation with NAMPAP.
In 1954, the Third Congress of the Republic of the Philippines in its Second Session, approved after the
third reading House Bill No. 962
On June 18, 1955, R.A. 1378, otherwise known as the "PLUMBING LAW OF THE PHILIPPINES" was
signed by President Ramon Magsaysay.
On January 28, 1959, the National Plumbing Code of the Philippines prepared by the NAMPAP was
promulgated and approved by Malacanang.
Before Martial Law in 1972, Republic Act No. 6541 otherwise known as the Building Code of the
Philippines was passed with the "National Plumbing Code of 1959" as referral code in full text.
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ADMINISTRATION
Basic Principle: update the tenets established in the Plumbing Law of the Philippines
Basic Goal: To ensure the unqualified observance of the latest provisions of the plumbing and environmental
laws. Includes, human habitation, plumbing fixtures, flow of water can be adjusted, drainage system, and etc.,
An adequate Plumbing Code is one of the most important governances in modem and healthful human
existence. It involve the three basic necessities of life, such AIR as:, WATER and FOOD.
the Registered and Licensed Master Plumber shall provide six (6) sets of the aforementioned
requirements
One (1) set of approved plans, specifications, computations and related data shall be retained by the
Administrative Authority.
Two (2) sets of approved plans, specifications and data shall be returned to the applicant and
Owner; One ( 1) set of which shall be kept at the jobsite at all times while the work is in progress.
A plumbing permit issued under the provisions of this Code shall expire and become null and void if
the plumbing work authorized therein is not commenced within one year from the date of such permit
or if the plumbing work so authorized is suspended or abandoned at any time after having been
commenced for a period of 120 days.
In case of renewal of a plumbing permit, a fee equivalent to one-half the amount of the original fee
shall be paid
all administrative plumbing personnel, plumbing inspector shall be a registered and licensed master
plumber.
Each building shall be provided with sanitary facilities in accordance with best practice for mobility of
disabled persons as provided in the National Building Code of the Philippines or by other government
departments having jurisdiction.
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PLUMBING FIXTURES
Commonly used Plumbing fixtures
1. Water closet
2. Lavatory
3. Bathtub
4. Bidet
5. Urinals
6. Kitchen Sink
MATERIALS:
The following are the General Requirements of the materials provided by the National Plumbing
Code:
Quality Of Fixtures:
1. Dense
2. Durable
3. non-absorbent materials
4. smooth, impervious surfaces
5. conform in quality and design to standards
Quality of water closets:
1. Flush down quietly
2. Flush down the liquid and waste completely
3. Must function efficiently
4. Must retain large amount of standing water surface area inside the bowl to prevent fouling and
contamination
The following are the Alternative for the materials provided by the National Plumbing Code:
Special use Fixtures may be made of:
1. Soapstone
2. Chemical Stoneware or maybe line with lead
3. Copper base alloy
4. Nickel-copper alloy
5. Corrosion-resisting steel
6. Or other materials suited for the intended use of the fixture
Prohibited Fixtures
1. Water closets having invisible seals or unventilated space or having walls, which are not thoroughly
washed out at each discharge shall be prohibited.
2. Water closet which might permit siphonage of the contents of the bowl back to the water tank shall
be prohibited
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Plumbing Materials
Kind of Materials Available for Plumbing Installation
1. Cast iron soil pipe - most popular and generally specified material for drainage system in buildings.
2. Acid resistant cast iron pipe - It is widely used in chemical laboratories, industries and other installations
where acid wastes are being discharge.
3. Asbestos pipe - could be used as soil, waste, ventilation and downspout.
4. Bituminous fiber sewer pipe - cheapest among the sewer pipes.
5. Vitrified clay pipe - one of the oldest materials used for sewer lines.
6. Lead pipe - highly resistant to acid and is suitable for underground installation and not use to convey water
for human consumption.
7. Galvanized steel pipe -made out from mild steel and deteriorate faster when used as hot water supply
line.
8. Galvanized wrought iron pipe - better in quality than the steel pipe for plumbing installation and more
resistant to acid waste than the steel pipe.
9. Brass pipe - superior material for waste and water supply installations, because of its smooth interior
surface and high resistance to acid.
10. Copper pipe - durable and extremely corrosive resistant material.
11. Plastic or synthetic pipe - has gained widespread acceptance after it has in many ways proven itself to be
superior as sewer and cold water pipe line.
12. Stainless steel pipe - low-maintenance, oxidation resistant, and doesnt affect other metals it comes in
contact with, it is frequently used in a large array of applications, especially in piping and tubing
manufacturing. Based on the end use of the pipe, stainless steel piping is broken down into several
categories.
The choice of the kind of pipe to be installed depends upon the following considerations:
1.
2.
3.
4.
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Pipe Fitting
Pipe Fitting
Pipe fitting is the occupation of installing or repairing piping or tubing systems that convey liquid, gas,
and occasionally solid materials. This work involves selecting and preparing pipe or tubing, joining it together
by various means, and the location and repair of leaks.
Purpose of a pipe fitting:
The basic purposes of any pipe fitting are as follows:
Connecting two or more pipes or tubes
Connecting a pipe to a different apparatus
Changing the direction of fluid/liquid flow
Maintaining or regulating the flow
Closing and sealing a pipe
Connection of Pipes
Pipes are connected by methods dependent upon the material and the demands of service. Steel, brass
or bronze pipes are normally threaded and screwed into coupling and fitting. Fittings are used to join adjacent
lengths of pipes and to provide changes of direction, and branch connections at any angle and to effect a
change in size.
Connections:
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Threaded
Connections
Connection by
Bolded Flanges
Soldered Fittings
Threaded
Connections
Welded Connection
Expansion
Connection
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Kinds of Fittings
Elbow
- Used to change direction of a
pipeline either 90 degrees or
45 degrees.
Reducers
- Used to connect straight
section pipes of different sizes.
Street Elbow
- One end of the fitting has
male threads and the other
end has female threads.
Tee or T- Fittings
- To connects three pipes.
Couplings
- Used to connect straight
section pipes.
Cross Tee
- To connects four pipes.
8.) Plug
- Used to close an opening in a
fitting.
Cap
- Used to close the end of a
pipe
Valve
- A valve is a device that regulates, directs or controls the flow of a fluid by opening, closing, or partially
obstructing various passageways.
Types of Valve
Gate Valve
- A valve with a sliding part that controls the extent of the aperture.
-The distinct feature of a gate valve is the sealing surfaces between the gate and seats
are planar, so gate valves are often used when a straight-line flow of fluid and
minimum restriction is desired.
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Check Valve
- A valve that closes to prevent backward flow of liquid that normally allows fluid to
flow through it in only one direction.
Globe Valve
- A type of valve used for regulating or to control the flow in a pipeline, consisting of
a movable disk-type element and a stationary ring seat in a generally spherical body.
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3. Double Check Valve Backflow Prevention Assembly (DC)
- It is a testable mechanical backflow preventer that consists of
two independently acting, spring-loaded check valves. It
includes shutoff valves at each end of the assembly and is
equipped with test cocks against back pressure backflow and
back siphonage, but should be used only on non-health
hazards.
4. Pressure Vacuum Breaker Backflow Prevention Assembly
- It also has an air inlet valve which is designed to open when the
internal pressure is one psi above atmospheric pressure so that
no non-potable liquid may be siphoned back into the potable
water system.
5. Reduced Pressure Principle Backflow Prevention Assembly
- They are considered suitable because they prevent both back
pressure and back-siphonage, because of a redundant design
(even with two check valves broken the device still provides
protection), and because they are testable to verify correct
operation.
Inadequate Water Pressure - Whenever the water pressure in the main or other source of supply wiII not
provide a water pressure of at least 103 kPa, after allowing friction and other pressure losses, a hydropneumatic pressure tank or an elevated tank and booster pump will provide said 103 kPa pressure.
Excessive Water Pressure - Where the local water pressure is in excess of 551 kPa, an approved-type pressure
regulator preceded by an adequately sized strainer shall be installed to reduce the pressure on the building
side of the regulator to the required supply pressure. Approved regulators with integral bypasses are
acceptable.
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Every house must have at least one main stack, which is generally 3" in diameter.
Each bathroom must have a main stack.
Secondary stacks are 1-1/2" diameter.
Gases from the system dissipate through the vent stack12" above roof.
Each stack requires a cleanout at the base.
MATERIALS
cast iron,
ductile iron
galvanized steel
galvanized wrought iron
lead, copper
brass
Series 1000 PVC DWV extra-strength vitrified clay pipe.
No galvanized wrought iron or galvanized steel pipe shall be used underground and shall be kept
at least 152 mm above ground.
CHANGES IN DIRECTION OF EXCRETA DRAINAGE FLOW
Changes in direction of drainage piping shall be made by the appropriate use of approved tittings and shall be
of the angles presented by a 22 '12'' or 1/16 bend, 45 or 1/8 bend, and 60 or 1/6 bend or other approved
fittings of equivalent sweeps.
CLEANOUTS
A plumbing cleanout is a cleanout fitting with a removable plug that is found in a roughed in waste system. It
is designed to help keep clear any type of debris that could cause any type of stoppage in the water drain
lines.
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Main Vent
trap.
Individual Vent
Also known as Back Vent
Portion of the vent pipe system that serves as a single
It is connected closer to the trap
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4. Unit Vent
The
portion of a vent pipe
system
that
ventilates two fixture
traps that discharges into a sanitary cross with deflectors.
Common to fixture trap serving apartment and hotel toilet particularly, on fixture with identical
position
5.
Circuit or Loop Vent
6. Relief Vent
It is installed to ventilate the soil and waste pipe and the connecting branches rather than the
fixture traps.
7. Wet Vent
Wet venting allows the drain line of one fixture to serve also as a vent line for another fixture.
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8. Looped Vent
Type of ventilation use on fixtures in a room away
from partitions.
Used in beauty parlor, barber shop, dental clinic, and
operating room.
TRAPS
TRAPS
It is a device designed to prevent the back flow of gases
coming from the septic tank or sewer line passing through the outlet
of the fixture.
Types of Traps
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P-TRAP
Most practical formed ever developed
Called as GOOSENECK
Sizes range from 32mm to 50mm diameter
P-TRAP INSTALLATION
The following are the requirements provided by the National Plumbing Code:
Shall be installed near the fixture; not too long vertical leg between the trap and fixture proper.
Short vertical leg eliminates high velocity of water which cause trap seal loss.
Shall be installed within 60 cm of the fixture it serve; accessible in cleaning through a screw plug
2. DRUM TRAP
a cylindrical trap having a cover plate which may be unscrewed for access
commonly used on the drainpipe from a bathtub or under a bathroom floor.
OTHER TYPE OF PREMISSIBLE TRAPS
Strand trap
Brass trap
High hub trap
Low hub trap
Extra heavy type
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OBJECTIONABLE TRAPS
Full
size S and
3 S
the
4
traps
Bag
traps
TRAPS INSTALLATION
The following are the general requirements of traps provided by the National Plumbing Code:
1. All traps shall be self-cleaning.
2. All traps are subject to stoppage; shall be provided with cleanout.
3. Each fixture shall have its own trap. Except:
a. Two laundry trays and a kitchen sink connected to a single trap
b. Not more than 3 laundry tray using one trap
c. Three lavatories on a single trap
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STORM DRAIN
Storm drain is a unit of the plumbing system that
conveys rain and storm water to a suitable terminal.
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MATERIALS:
The following are the material requirements provided by the code.
Roof drains shall be of:
Cast iron
Copper
Other corrosion-resistant materials
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INSTALLATION
The following are the guidelines provided by the code:
Rainwater piping shall not be used as soil, waste and vent pipes.
If installed in locations subject to damage, pipes should be protected.
Roof drains, overflow drains, rainwater pipings used in a building shall be previously tested and
accepted in conformity with provisions of this code.
PLUMBING LAYOUT
Reading Plumbing Plans
What systems can be found in a plumbing plan?
- sanitary drainage system
- plumbing vent system
- domestic hot and cold water system
- roof drainage system
- fire protection sprinkler system
- medical gas systems (oxygen, medical air, nitrogen and vacuum)
LOOKING UP FOR SPECIFIC SYSTEMS
On the plan, the size and location of each piping system is shown. The domestic cold water piping
includes the service piping to the building and the distribution piping inside the building. The water heater and
the domestic hot and cold water piping are shown. The heavier lines represent the drain lines.
The roof drainage piping is connected to the roof drains. These lines are drawn the same as the sanitary
drain lines, and they can be identified as storm drain lines because they are connected to the roof drains.
Another piping system is the plumbing vent piping. This piping is connected above the trap on each
fixture to let air enter and leave the piping system when water is introduced into the drainage system.
READING THE PLUMBING PLANS
The floor plan shows the location of the plumbing fixtures, and the fixtures are numbered to correspond to the
numbers in the Plumbing Fixture Schedule.
Plumbing fixture connection schedule
The schedule has the name of the fixtures, the manufacturer and model number of each fixture, and the
connection size for all the piping connected to the fixture. There is a space for notes that pertain to the
fixtures.
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The domestic cold water piping is shown with a light solid line having long dashes and a dot.
The domestic hot water is shown with the same weight line as the domestic cold water lines except that the
line is a series of long dashes with two dots.
These piping systems have all the fittings and valves needed for a complete system.
The sanitary drainage piping is shown as a heavy solid line. All the various fittings and related
equipment associated with the drainage piping are shown. The plumbing vent piping is shown with a series of
dashes. The weight of these dashes is the same as the weight for the sanitary drain line.
Notes are used to direct the technician during the installation. Because this is a small job, the
specifications are shown on the drawing. These specifications are titled Plumbing Notes and Specifications.
A plumbing riser diagram on the plan shows the method for installing the various piping systems serving the
plumbing fixtures. The pipe sizes are shown on this diagram along with the method for connecting them.
Definition of terms - Common terms used in plumbing
Air gap - The unobstructed vertical distance
through the free atmosphere between the lowest
opening from any pipe or faucet supplying water
to a tank and the flood level rim of the receptacle.
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conveys sewage, rainwater, or other liquid waste,
to a legal point of disposal.
Dry vent - A vent that does not carry water or
water borne wastes.
Wet vent - Is a vent that receives the discharge
from wastes other than water closet.
Plumbing fixtures - These are installed devices or
appliances which are supplied with water, or
which receives or discharges liquid waste.
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Siamese connection - It is a Y connection used on
fire lines so that two lines of hose maybe
connected to a hydrant or to the same nozzle.
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PLUMBING SECTION
The plumbing section is sometimes included as a separate part of the mechanical section. The
plumbing section usually includes the:
- foundation or basement
- floor plan,
- roof plan,
- elevations,
- sections and details,
- and equipment schedules.
Foundation or Basement plan
This shows piping that is installed under the first floor. The piping is located in the crawl space (if there is
one), or under the floor slab of a concrete floor on grade. Piping consists of hot and cold domestic water,
sanitary sewer or drainage piping, and special services piping such as fuel gases, medical gases, or process
piping.
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Floor plan
Each floor plan shows plumbing fixtures and equipment served by the plumbing system.
Each piece of equipment and/or plumbing fixture has a symbol referring the print reader to the schedule
section to see exactly what equipment/fixture is specified.
Roof plan
all plumbing work required on the roof or through the roof is shown on the roofing plan.
This includes:
- plumbing vents through the roof,
- roof drains (if required),
- gutters (if required),
- and special plumbing equipment to be mounted on the roof.
Elevations, Sections, and Details Plans
These drawings, usually drawn to a larger scale, show details and give information necessary for
proper installation of the plumbing system, equipment, and fixtures. An isometrically drawn piping diagram is
not uncommon for the detail sheet.
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Sleeve joint - A joint by covering the ends of the
pipes with sleeve.
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Check valve - A check valve, clack valve, nonreturn valve or one-way valve is a valve that
normally allows fluid (liquid or gas) to flow
through it in only one direction.
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Fixture symbols
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