You are on page 1of 33

Group Number 1

Plumbing works

CIV 515
Building Design II

PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MAYNILA


COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

CIV 515
Building Design II

WRITTEN REPORT
Plumbing Works

SUBMITTED BY:
GROUP 1
FLORES, LOVELY MILES D.
FORTEZA, CYRIL P.
GUTIERREZ, MATTHEW
MENDOZA, CENDRIK ANTHONY S.
ROLDAN, RENZO P.
RODRIGUEZ, NATASSIA PAULA Q.
TRAJANO, NICO P.

SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR. ERLYNROSE MARI LOPEZ SACOTE

June 30, 2016

1|P age

Group Number 1
Plumbing works

CIV 515
Building Design II

Introduction
Plumbing
- derived from the Latin plumbum for lead, as the first effective pipes used in Roman era were lead
pipes;Is any system that conveys fluids for a wide range of applications.
They usually work in collaboration with or under the supervision of licensed mechanical, civil or fire
protection engineers.
SYSTEMS

potable cold and hot tap water supply

plumbing drainage venting

sewage systems and septic systems

Rainwater, surface, and subsurface water drainage

fuel gas piping

hydronics
HISTORY
Indoor plumbing was first introduced by the Indus Valley civilization, around 3,000 B.C.
The birth of the plumbing profession in the Philippines is traced back to the 17th century. The WALLED
CITY known as Intramuros was established by the Spaniards as a model community.
During the 18th and 19th centuries, the Filipino plumbers were assigned the task of maintaining,
repairing and/or remodelling plumbing systems in all "pueblos" or towns including churches, convents
and government buildings
Governor General Harrison issued a letter of instruction on proper waste disposal in all municipalities,
20TH century
Sometime in 1902, Through the initiative of the Filipino Master Plumbers, a plumbing code based on
the Plumbing Code of the United States was incorporated into the Building Code for the City of Manila.
City Ordinance 2411, otherwise known as "the Plumbing Code for the City of Manila" was enacted in
consultation with NAMPAP.
In 1954, the Third Congress of the Republic of the Philippines in its Second Session, approved after the
third reading House Bill No. 962
On June 18, 1955, R.A. 1378, otherwise known as the "PLUMBING LAW OF THE PHILIPPINES" was
signed by President Ramon Magsaysay.

On January 28, 1959, the National Plumbing Code of the Philippines prepared by the NAMPAP was
promulgated and approved by Malacanang.
Before Martial Law in 1972, Republic Act No. 6541 otherwise known as the Building Code of the
Philippines was passed with the "National Plumbing Code of 1959" as referral code in full text.

2|P age

Group Number 1
Plumbing works

CIV 515
Building Design II

NATIONAL PLUMBING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

ADMINISTRATION
Basic Principle: update the tenets established in the Plumbing Law of the Philippines
Basic Goal: To ensure the unqualified observance of the latest provisions of the plumbing and environmental
laws. Includes, human habitation, plumbing fixtures, flow of water can be adjusted, drainage system, and etc.,

An adequate Plumbing Code is one of the most important governances in modem and healthful human
existence. It involve the three basic necessities of life, such AIR as:, WATER and FOOD.
the Registered and Licensed Master Plumber shall provide six (6) sets of the aforementioned
requirements
One (1) set of approved plans, specifications, computations and related data shall be retained by the
Administrative Authority.
Two (2) sets of approved plans, specifications and data shall be returned to the applicant and
Owner; One ( 1) set of which shall be kept at the jobsite at all times while the work is in progress.
A plumbing permit issued under the provisions of this Code shall expire and become null and void if
the plumbing work authorized therein is not commenced within one year from the date of such permit
or if the plumbing work so authorized is suspended or abandoned at any time after having been
commenced for a period of 120 days.
In case of renewal of a plumbing permit, a fee equivalent to one-half the amount of the original fee
shall be paid
all administrative plumbing personnel, plumbing inspector shall be a registered and licensed master
plumber.
Each building shall be provided with sanitary facilities in accordance with best practice for mobility of
disabled persons as provided in the National Building Code of the Philippines or by other government
departments having jurisdiction.

*APPLICATION FOR PERMIT:


shall :
Identify and describe the plumbing work to be covered by the permit
Describe the land upon which the proposed plumbing work is to be done
Indicate the use or occupancy
Be accompanied by plan: drawings, diagrams, computations, technical .specifications, and land
descriptions -- The technical specifications submitted shall comply with the provisions of the
National building code and this Code.
Existing standards of the National Building Code and this Code.
Give such other data and information as required by the Administrative Authority
Be signed by the Owner
Be signed and sealed by the Registered and Licensed Master Plumber

3|P age

Group Number 1
Plumbing works

CIV 515
Building Design II

PLUMBING FIXTURES
Commonly used Plumbing fixtures
1. Water closet
2. Lavatory
3. Bathtub
4. Bidet
5. Urinals
6. Kitchen Sink
MATERIALS:
The following are the General Requirements of the materials provided by the National Plumbing
Code:
Quality Of Fixtures:
1. Dense
2. Durable
3. non-absorbent materials
4. smooth, impervious surfaces
5. conform in quality and design to standards
Quality of water closets:
1. Flush down quietly
2. Flush down the liquid and waste completely
3. Must function efficiently
4. Must retain large amount of standing water surface area inside the bowl to prevent fouling and
contamination
The following are the Alternative for the materials provided by the National Plumbing Code:
Special use Fixtures may be made of:
1. Soapstone
2. Chemical Stoneware or maybe line with lead
3. Copper base alloy
4. Nickel-copper alloy
5. Corrosion-resisting steel
6. Or other materials suited for the intended use of the fixture
Prohibited Fixtures
1. Water closets having invisible seals or unventilated space or having walls, which are not thoroughly
washed out at each discharge shall be prohibited.
2. Water closet which might permit siphonage of the contents of the bowl back to the water tank shall
be prohibited

4|P age

Group Number 1
Plumbing works

CIV 515
Building Design II

3. Drinking fountain shall not be installed inside public toilet rooms

Plumbing Materials
Kind of Materials Available for Plumbing Installation
1. Cast iron soil pipe - most popular and generally specified material for drainage system in buildings.
2. Acid resistant cast iron pipe - It is widely used in chemical laboratories, industries and other installations
where acid wastes are being discharge.
3. Asbestos pipe - could be used as soil, waste, ventilation and downspout.
4. Bituminous fiber sewer pipe - cheapest among the sewer pipes.
5. Vitrified clay pipe - one of the oldest materials used for sewer lines.
6. Lead pipe - highly resistant to acid and is suitable for underground installation and not use to convey water
for human consumption.
7. Galvanized steel pipe -made out from mild steel and deteriorate faster when used as hot water supply
line.
8. Galvanized wrought iron pipe - better in quality than the steel pipe for plumbing installation and more
resistant to acid waste than the steel pipe.
9. Brass pipe - superior material for waste and water supply installations, because of its smooth interior
surface and high resistance to acid.
10. Copper pipe - durable and extremely corrosive resistant material.
11. Plastic or synthetic pipe - has gained widespread acceptance after it has in many ways proven itself to be
superior as sewer and cold water pipe line.
12. Stainless steel pipe - low-maintenance, oxidation resistant, and doesnt affect other metals it comes in
contact with, it is frequently used in a large array of applications, especially in piping and tubing
manufacturing. Based on the end use of the pipe, stainless steel piping is broken down into several
categories.
The choice of the kind of pipe to be installed depends upon the following considerations:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Quality and durability.


Resistance to external and internal contact with foreign matters.
Resistance to acid waste and other chemical elements that will pass into it.
Cost of materials and labor

5|P age

Group Number 1
Plumbing works

CIV 515
Building Design II

Pipe Fitting
Pipe Fitting
Pipe fitting is the occupation of installing or repairing piping or tubing systems that convey liquid, gas,
and occasionally solid materials. This work involves selecting and preparing pipe or tubing, joining it together
by various means, and the location and repair of leaks.
Purpose of a pipe fitting:
The basic purposes of any pipe fitting are as follows:
Connecting two or more pipes or tubes
Connecting a pipe to a different apparatus
Changing the direction of fluid/liquid flow
Maintaining or regulating the flow
Closing and sealing a pipe
Connection of Pipes
Pipes are connected by methods dependent upon the material and the demands of service. Steel, brass
or bronze pipes are normally threaded and screwed into coupling and fitting. Fittings are used to join adjacent
lengths of pipes and to provide changes of direction, and branch connections at any angle and to effect a
change in size.
Connections:

6|P age

Threaded
Connections

Connection by
Bolded Flanges

Soldered Fittings

Threaded
Connections

Welded Connection

Expansion
Connection

Group Number 1
Plumbing works

CIV 515
Building Design II

Kinds of Fittings

Elbow
- Used to change direction of a
pipeline either 90 degrees or
45 degrees.

Reducers
- Used to connect straight
section pipes of different sizes.

Street Elbow
- One end of the fitting has
male threads and the other
end has female threads.

Tee or T- Fittings
- To connects three pipes.

Couplings
- Used to connect straight
section pipes.

Cross Tee
- To connects four pipes.

8.) Plug
- Used to close an opening in a
fitting.

Cap
- Used to close the end of a
pipe

Valve
- A valve is a device that regulates, directs or controls the flow of a fluid by opening, closing, or partially
obstructing various passageways.
Types of Valve
Gate Valve
- A valve with a sliding part that controls the extent of the aperture.
-The distinct feature of a gate valve is the sealing surfaces between the gate and seats
are planar, so gate valves are often used when a straight-line flow of fluid and
minimum restriction is desired.

7|P age

Group Number 1
Plumbing works

CIV 515
Building Design II

Check Valve
- A valve that closes to prevent backward flow of liquid that normally allows fluid to
flow through it in only one direction.

Globe Valve
- A type of valve used for regulating or to control the flow in a pipeline, consisting of
a movable disk-type element and a stationary ring seat in a generally spherical body.

WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION


Cross connection control
Backflow - the reversal of water flow from its normal or intended direction of flow.
Backpressure backflow- when the pressure of the non- potable system exceeds the positive pressure
in the water distribution line.
Backsiphonage backflow - when there is a partial vacuum (negative pressure) in a water supply system
Backflow Preventer Devices
1. Airgap
- Is a vertical, physical separation between the end of a water
supply outlet and the flood-level rim of a receiving vessel. An
air gap is considered the maximum protection available against
backpressure backflow or backsiphonage, but is not always
practical and can easily be bypassed.
2. Atmospheric Vacuum Breaker
- It resembles a ninety degree elbow with a hood on its top that
opens to allow air to enter into the system, filling the vacuum
in the event of back-siphonage. The hood is operated by a
poppet valve inside the elbow,that is pressed by the pressure
in the water system, keeping it held up, and keeping the hood
closed.

8|P age

Group Number 1
Plumbing works

CIV 515
Building Design II
3. Double Check Valve Backflow Prevention Assembly (DC)
- It is a testable mechanical backflow preventer that consists of
two independently acting, spring-loaded check valves. It
includes shutoff valves at each end of the assembly and is
equipped with test cocks against back pressure backflow and
back siphonage, but should be used only on non-health
hazards.
4. Pressure Vacuum Breaker Backflow Prevention Assembly
- It also has an air inlet valve which is designed to open when the
internal pressure is one psi above atmospheric pressure so that
no non-potable liquid may be siphoned back into the potable
water system.
5. Reduced Pressure Principle Backflow Prevention Assembly
- They are considered suitable because they prevent both back
pressure and back-siphonage, because of a redundant design
(even with two check valves broken the device still provides
protection), and because they are testable to verify correct
operation.

GRAVITY SUPPLY TANKS


The covers of gravity tanks shall be vented with a return-bend vent pipe having an area not less than the area
of the down-feed riser pipe, and the vent shall be screened with a fine corrosion-resistant screen with openings
not less than 14 nor more than 18 mess per 25 mm.
WATER PRESSURE

Inadequate Water Pressure - Whenever the water pressure in the main or other source of supply wiII not
provide a water pressure of at least 103 kPa, after allowing friction and other pressure losses, a hydropneumatic pressure tank or an elevated tank and booster pump will provide said 103 kPa pressure.
Excessive Water Pressure - Where the local water pressure is in excess of 551 kPa, an approved-type pressure
regulator preceded by an adequately sized strainer shall be installed to reduce the pressure on the building
side of the regulator to the required supply pressure. Approved regulators with integral bypasses are
acceptable.

9|P age

Group Number 1
Plumbing works

CIV 515
Building Design II

EXCRETA DRAINAGE SYSTEM


Two types of wastes:
Solid waste
Liquid waste
Two types of drainage piping:
Soil pipe - accepts both from the water closet and the fixtures
Waste pipe - exclusively to receive discharges coming from fixtures only
Typical Drainage System

10 | P a g e

Group Number 1
Plumbing works

CIV 515
Building Design II

Water and Waste Removal


Soil Stack - A vertical drain pipe that collects waste from one or more fixtures
Main stacks - Soil stacks that drain water closets
Secondary stacks- Stacks that do not drain water closets
Trap - installed below each fixture to prevent gases from entering the house. It is always filled with
water.
Requirements provided by the Plumbing Code:

Every house must have at least one main stack, which is generally 3" in diameter.
Each bathroom must have a main stack.
Secondary stacks are 1-1/2" diameter.
Gases from the system dissipate through the vent stack12" above roof.
Each stack requires a cleanout at the base.

MATERIALS
cast iron,
ductile iron
galvanized steel
galvanized wrought iron
lead, copper
brass
Series 1000 PVC DWV extra-strength vitrified clay pipe.
No galvanized wrought iron or galvanized steel pipe shall be used underground and shall be kept
at least 152 mm above ground.
CHANGES IN DIRECTION OF EXCRETA DRAINAGE FLOW
Changes in direction of drainage piping shall be made by the appropriate use of approved tittings and shall be
of the angles presented by a 22 '12'' or 1/16 bend, 45 or 1/8 bend, and 60 or 1/6 bend or other approved
fittings of equivalent sweeps.
CLEANOUTS
A plumbing cleanout is a cleanout fitting with a removable plug that is found in a roughed in waste system. It
is designed to help keep clear any type of debris that could cause any type of stoppage in the water drain
lines.

11 | P a g e

Group Number 1
Plumbing works

CIV 515
Building Design II

INDIRECT WASTE PIPING, WET-VENTED SYSTEMS


AND SPECIAL WASTES
INDIRECT WASTE CONDITIONS
No evaporative cooler, air washer or similar air conditioning equipment shall have any drain pipe in
connection therewith, directly connected to any soil, waste and vent pipe.
Equipments shall be drained by means of indirect waste pipes as defined in Chapter 2 of this Code, and
all wastes drained by them shall discharge through an airbreak into an open floor sink or other approved type
receptor properly connected to the drainage system.
INDIRECT WASTE PIPING
Indirect waste pipes exceeding 1.5 meters but less than 4.6 meters length shall be directly trapped, but such
traps need not be vented.
PRESSURE DRAINAGE CONNECTION
Every indirect waste interceptor receiving discharge containing particles that clogs the receptor drain shall have
a readily removable beehive strainer.
VERTICAL WET VENTING
The vertical piping between any two (2) consecutive inlet levels shall be considered a wet-vented
section.
Each wet-vented section shall be a minimum of one pipe size larger than the required minimum waste
pipe size of the upper fixture but in no case less than 51 mm in diameter.
DIRECT WASTE TO GROUND
"Sacrarium" waste of holy water and washwater at church altar service must not be discharged into the sanitary
drainage system but disposed off directly into the ground.

12 | P a g e

Group Number 1
Plumbing works

CIV 515
Building Design II

VENTS AND VENTING


PLUMBING VENTS
Also known as VENTILATION SYSTEM
A portion of the drainage pipe installation, designed to
maintain a balance atmospheric pressure inside the system
Plumbing vents prevents the problems like:
Trap seal loss
Retardation of flow
Materials Used in Vent Pipes
According to the National Plumbing Code, the following materials can
be used:
Cast iron
Ductile Cast iron
Galvanized Steel
Galvanized wrought iron
Lead
Copper
Brass
Schedule 40
PVC
DWV
ABS
Series 1000
Requirements in materials provided by the National Plumbing Code:
No Galvanized wrought iron or Galvanized steel pipe shall be used underground and shall be kept
atleast 15cm above ground.
No pipe shall be strained or bent.

13 | P a g e

Group Number 1
Plumbing works

CIV 515
Building Design II

TYPES OF VENTILATION IN THE PLUMBING SYSTEM


1. Main soil and waste vent
Vent pipe used to ventilate the soil and waste
pipe.
All of extensions of soil or waste stack shall run
full size atleast 30 cm above the roof and when the
roof is used for other purposes than weather
protection, such extension shall not be less than
2.00m above the roof
2.

Main Vent

Also known as the Collecting Vent Line

The potion of the vent pipe system, serving as


terminal for the smaller forms of individual and grouped
fixture trap ventilation.
3.

trap.

Individual Vent
Also known as Back Vent
Portion of the vent pipe system that serves as a single
It is connected closer to the trap

DISTANCES OF VENT FROM TRAP SEAL


Based on National Plumbing Code:
No trap seal shall be placed more than 1.5 m horizontal developed length from its vent.
The distance should measured along the central line of the waste or soil pipe from the vertical inlet to the
trap to the vent opening.

14 | P a g e

Group Number 1
Plumbing works

CIV 515
Building Design II

4. Unit Vent
The
portion of a vent pipe
system
that
ventilates two fixture
traps that discharges into a sanitary cross with deflectors.
Common to fixture trap serving apartment and hotel toilet particularly, on fixture with identical
position

5.
Circuit or Loop Vent

It can be used when two or more fixtures,


such as lavatories, are installed in a row.

Connected to the waste drain line between


the last two fixtures in the row. Then the circuit vent
is connected to the main vent.

No more than 8 water closets or other


fixtures shall be allowed on any circuit or loop vent. If
there are 14 or 16 water closets which are to be vented,
two pieces of 100 mm pipe should be installed.

6. Relief Vent
It is installed to ventilate the soil and waste pipe and the connecting branches rather than the
fixture traps.

7. Wet Vent
Wet venting allows the drain line of one fixture to serve also as a vent line for another fixture.

15 | P a g e

Group Number 1
Plumbing works

CIV 515
Building Design II

8. Looped Vent
Type of ventilation use on fixtures in a room away
from partitions.
Used in beauty parlor, barber shop, dental clinic, and
operating room.

TRAPS

TRAPS
It is a device designed to prevent the back flow of gases
coming from the septic tank or sewer line passing through the outlet
of the fixture.

Types of Traps

16 | P a g e

Group Number 1
Plumbing works

CIV 515
Building Design II

PREMISSIBLE TYPE OF TRAPS


1.

P-TRAP
Most practical formed ever developed
Called as GOOSENECK
Sizes range from 32mm to 50mm diameter

P-TRAP INSTALLATION
The following are the requirements provided by the National Plumbing Code:
Shall be installed near the fixture; not too long vertical leg between the trap and fixture proper.
Short vertical leg eliminates high velocity of water which cause trap seal loss.
Shall be installed within 60 cm of the fixture it serve; accessible in cleaning through a screw plug
2. DRUM TRAP
a cylindrical trap having a cover plate which may be unscrewed for access
commonly used on the drainpipe from a bathtub or under a bathroom floor.
OTHER TYPE OF PREMISSIBLE TRAPS
Strand trap
Brass trap
High hub trap
Low hub trap
Extra heavy type

17 | P a g e

Group Number 1
Plumbing works

CIV 515
Building Design II

Sink or Lavatory type

OBJECTIONABLE TRAPS

Full
size S and
3 S
the
4
traps

Bag
traps

Mechanically Sealed traps


Light metal partition trap

TRAPS INSTALLATION
The following are the general requirements of traps provided by the National Plumbing Code:
1. All traps shall be self-cleaning.
2. All traps are subject to stoppage; shall be provided with cleanout.
3. Each fixture shall have its own trap. Except:
a. Two laundry trays and a kitchen sink connected to a single trap
b. Not more than 3 laundry tray using one trap
c. Three lavatories on a single trap

STORM DRAINAGE SYSTEM

18 | P a g e

Group Number 1
Plumbing works

CIV 515
Building Design II

STORM DRAIN
Storm drain is a unit of the plumbing system that
conveys rain and storm water to a suitable terminal.

CLASSIFICATION OF STORM DRAINS


1. Inside Storm drain
Located under the basement floor within the walls of the building
Used in buildings constructed along congested business district or buildings that occupies the
entire frontage of the lot

19 | P a g e

Group Number 1
Plumbing works

CIV 515
Building Design II

2. Outside storm drain


Installed outside the foundation
of the wall
Possible on the lot that is not
occupied by building

3. Overhead storm drain


adopted when the street drainage
is higher in elevation than the basement floor of the building

MATERIALS:
The following are the material requirements provided by the code.
Roof drains shall be of:
Cast iron
Copper
Other corrosion-resistant materials
20 | P a g e

Group Number 1
Plumbing works

CIV 515
Building Design II

INSTALLATION
The following are the guidelines provided by the code:
Rainwater piping shall not be used as soil, waste and vent pipes.
If installed in locations subject to damage, pipes should be protected.
Roof drains, overflow drains, rainwater pipings used in a building shall be previously tested and
accepted in conformity with provisions of this code.

PLUMBING LAYOUT
Reading Plumbing Plans
What systems can be found in a plumbing plan?
- sanitary drainage system
- plumbing vent system
- domestic hot and cold water system
- roof drainage system
- fire protection sprinkler system
- medical gas systems (oxygen, medical air, nitrogen and vacuum)
LOOKING UP FOR SPECIFIC SYSTEMS
On the plan, the size and location of each piping system is shown. The domestic cold water piping
includes the service piping to the building and the distribution piping inside the building. The water heater and
the domestic hot and cold water piping are shown. The heavier lines represent the drain lines.
The roof drainage piping is connected to the roof drains. These lines are drawn the same as the sanitary
drain lines, and they can be identified as storm drain lines because they are connected to the roof drains.
Another piping system is the plumbing vent piping. This piping is connected above the trap on each
fixture to let air enter and leave the piping system when water is introduced into the drainage system.
READING THE PLUMBING PLANS
The floor plan shows the location of the plumbing fixtures, and the fixtures are numbered to correspond to the
numbers in the Plumbing Fixture Schedule.
Plumbing fixture connection schedule
The schedule has the name of the fixtures, the manufacturer and model number of each fixture, and the
connection size for all the piping connected to the fixture. There is a space for notes that pertain to the
fixtures.

21 | P a g e

Group Number 1
Plumbing works

22 | P a g e

CIV 515
Building Design II

Group Number 1
Plumbing works

CIV 515
Building Design II

The domestic cold water piping is shown with a light solid line having long dashes and a dot.

The domestic hot water is shown with the same weight line as the domestic cold water lines except that the
line is a series of long dashes with two dots.

These piping systems have all the fittings and valves needed for a complete system.
The sanitary drainage piping is shown as a heavy solid line. All the various fittings and related
equipment associated with the drainage piping are shown. The plumbing vent piping is shown with a series of
dashes. The weight of these dashes is the same as the weight for the sanitary drain line.

Notes are used to direct the technician during the installation. Because this is a small job, the
specifications are shown on the drawing. These specifications are titled Plumbing Notes and Specifications.
A plumbing riser diagram on the plan shows the method for installing the various piping systems serving the
plumbing fixtures. The pipe sizes are shown on this diagram along with the method for connecting them.
Definition of terms - Common terms used in plumbing
Air gap - The unobstructed vertical distance
through the free atmosphere between the lowest
opening from any pipe or faucet supplying water
to a tank and the flood level rim of the receptacle.

Backflow - It is an unwanted flow of water in the


reverse direction.

Bib - Synonymous with faucet, cock, tap, plug, etc.


the word faucet is preferred.
23 | P a g e

Group Number 1
Plumbing works

CIV 515
Building Design II
conveys sewage, rainwater, or other liquid waste,
to a legal point of disposal.
Dry vent - A vent that does not carry water or
water borne wastes.
Wet vent - Is a vent that receives the discharge
from wastes other than water closet.
Plumbing fixtures - These are installed devices or
appliances which are supplied with water, or
which receives or discharges liquid waste.

Branch - Is any part of piping system other that


the main pipes.

Fixture Branch - Is a pipe connecting several


fixtures.
Fixture Drain - Is the drain from the trap of a
fixture to the junction of that drain with any other
drain pipe.

Cross Connection - It is any physical connection


between two separate piping system, one
contains potable water, and the other from
unknown or questionable safety.

Fixture Supply - Is a water supply pipe connecting


the fixture with the fixture branch.
Fixture Unit Flow Rate - Is the total discharge flow
in gallons per minute.
Flood Level - Is the measurement of the water
from the bottom of its container to the water
surface.

Drainage system - Drainage system includes, all


piping within the public or private premises that

24 | P a g e

Grade - Is the slope or fall of pipe in reference to a


fraction of an inch per foot length of pipe.

Group Number 1
Plumbing works

CIV 515
Building Design II

Horizontal Pipe - Any pipe or fitting which makes


an angle of more that 45 degrees with the vertical.
Vertical pipe - Is a pipe installed in a vertical
position or at an angle of not more that 45
degrees with the vertical.
Water distributing pipe - In a building or
premises, it is a pipe that conveys water from the
water service pipe to the plumbing fixtures and
other water outlets.
Water service pipe - Is the pipe from the water
main or other source of water supply to the
building served.
Invert - Is the lowest portion of the inside of any
pipe or conduit that is not vertical.

Looped vent - The same as circuit vent except that


it loops back and connects with a stack vent
instead of a vent stack.
Stack vent - A stack vent is the extension of a soil
or waste stack above the highest horizontal drain
connected to the stack. It is sometimes called
waste vent or soil vent.

Liquid waste - Is the discharge from any fixture,


appliance or appurtenance in connection with a
plumbing system which does not receive fecal
matter.
Circuit vent - Is a branch vent that serves two or
more traps, and extends from the front of the last
fixture connection of a horizontal branch to the
vent stack.

25 | P a g e

Vent stack - Is a vertical pipe installed primarily for


the purpose of providing circulation of air to
different parts of the drainage system.
Main vent - The principal artery of the venting
system to which vent branches may be connected.
Rough-In - Is the installation of all parts of the
plumbing system which can be completed prior to
installation of fixtures

Group Number 1
Plumbing works
Siamese connection - It is a Y connection used on
fire lines so that two lines of hose maybe
connected to a hydrant or to the same nozzle.

CIV 515
Building Design II

Wet standpipe - Wet Standpipes are filled with


water and is pressurized at all times. In contrast to
dry standpipes, which can be used only by
firefighters, wet standpipes can be used by
building occupants.

Standpipe - A vertical pipe usually used for the


storage of water, frequently under pressure.

Soil pipe - Is any pipe that conveys the discharge


of water closets or fixture having similar functions,
with or without the discharge from other fixtures,
to the building drains (house drains) or building
sewer (house sewer).
Dry standpipe - Dry standpipes are not filled with
water until needed in fire-fighting.

26 | P a g e

Sump - A pit or receptacle at a low point to which


the liquid waste are drained.

Group Number 1
Plumbing works

Trap - Is the fitting or device so designed to


provide a liquid seal that will prevent the back
passage of air without materially affecting the
flow of sewage through it.

CIV 515
Building Design II

Trap seal - Is the maximum vertical depth of liquid


that trap will retain, measured between the crown
weir and top of the dip of the trap.

PLUMBING SECTION
The plumbing section is sometimes included as a separate part of the mechanical section. The
plumbing section usually includes the:
- foundation or basement
- floor plan,
- roof plan,
- elevations,
- sections and details,
- and equipment schedules.
Foundation or Basement plan
This shows piping that is installed under the first floor. The piping is located in the crawl space (if there is
one), or under the floor slab of a concrete floor on grade. Piping consists of hot and cold domestic water,
sanitary sewer or drainage piping, and special services piping such as fuel gases, medical gases, or process
piping.

27 | P a g e

Group Number 1
Plumbing works

CIV 515
Building Design II

Floor plan
Each floor plan shows plumbing fixtures and equipment served by the plumbing system.
Each piece of equipment and/or plumbing fixture has a symbol referring the print reader to the schedule
section to see exactly what equipment/fixture is specified.
Roof plan
all plumbing work required on the roof or through the roof is shown on the roofing plan.
This includes:
- plumbing vents through the roof,
- roof drains (if required),
- gutters (if required),
- and special plumbing equipment to be mounted on the roof.
Elevations, Sections, and Details Plans
These drawings, usually drawn to a larger scale, show details and give information necessary for
proper installation of the plumbing system, equipment, and fixtures. An isometrically drawn piping diagram is
not uncommon for the detail sheet.

PLUMBING PLAN SYMBOLS - VALVES, FITTINGS AND


LINES
PLUMBING SYMBOLS FITTINGS
General joint - Fittings are used to join two or
more pipes, a pipe to a device, or a pipe to a cap
or plug.

Butt weld - Butt welds are welds where two


pieces of metal are to be joined are in the same
plane.

28 | P a g e

Soldered / Solvent - Copper plumbing relies on a


procedure called soldering. Techniques produce
leak-tight soldered joints between copper and
copper alloy tube and fittings.

Group Number 1
Plumbing works

CIV 515
Building Design II
Sleeve joint - A joint by covering the ends of the
pipes with sleeve.

Screwed joint - Some screwed joint have a


connection for securing a flexible hose.
Socket weld - A Socket Weld is a pipe attachment
detail in which a pipe is inserted into a recessed
area.

Socket and spigot - The end connection of a fitting


that is to be assembled into another fitting is
called the Spigot. The spigot end of a fitting has
the same outside diameter as pipe. The common
female connection of PVC fittings is referred to as
the socket or hub, and the spigot end of a fitting
can be inserted into a Hub or Socket.

29 | P a g e

Flanged / bolted - A flange can also be a plate or


ring to form a rim at the end of a pipe when
fastened to the pipe.

Group Number 1
Plumbing works

CIV 515
Building Design II

End caps - Used to plug dead ends of a pipe line.

PLUMBING SYMBOLS WATER


Gate valve - A valve with a sliding part that
controls the extent of the aperture.

Hose bibb - Also known as faucet.

Water meter - Water meters are used to measure


the volume of water used by residential and
commercial building that are supplied
with water by a public water supply system.

30 | P a g e

Group Number 1
Plumbing works

CIV 515
Building Design II

Riser - A pipe that extends vertically from one


floor level to the next for the purpose of
conducting water, steam, or gas.

Check valve - A check valve, clack valve, nonreturn valve or one-way valve is a valve that
normally allows fluid (liquid or gas) to flow
through it in only one direction.

PLUMBING SYMBOLS VENT AND SEWER


Open vent - An open vent is usually found on the
roof of a building.

Stacks - A pipe that extends vertically from one


floor level to the next for the purpose of
conducting sewage or air.
Clean out - A sewer clean out is a capped pipe
which provides access to a sewer line, allowing
people to clean out blockages in the sewer.

31 | P a g e

Group Number 1
Plumbing works

CIV 515
Building Design II

PLUMBING SYMBOLS DRAINAGE


Roof drain - Drains placed on the roof.
Shower drain - Used to drain water from the
shower.

Floor drain - Used to drain water from the floor to


avoid making puddles.

PLUMBING SYMBOLS - FIXTURES


32 | P a g e

Fixture symbols

Group Number 1
Plumbing works

CIV 515
Building Design II

PLUMBING SYMBOLS - OTHERS


Other symbols

33 | P a g e

You might also like