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STATS101/101G/108IntroductiontoStatistics

Assignment3,SecondSemester2016
Due:3pmWednesday12thOctober
Readtheseinstructionscarefully.
Marks
Assignment3isworth10%ofyourfinalmark.Donotleaveituntilthelastday.
Itwillbemarkedoutof85marks,80marksforthequestionsasshownand5marks
forcommunicationandpresentation.Seebelowforhowthese5marksare
allocated.Yourfinalmarkwillbeconvertedtoamarkoutof10whichwillbe
recordedtowardsyourcoursework.
Statisticsisaboutsummarising,analysingandcommunicatinginformation.
Communicationisanimportantpartofstatistics.Forthisreasonyouwillbe
expectedtowriteanswerswhichclearlycommunicateyourthoughts.
CommunicationandPresentationmarks:
Demonstratedclearsentencestructure:thisincludescorrectuseoffullstops
andcapitalletters;notwritingexcessivelylongorcomplicatedsentences;
attentiontospellingandgrammar.
Demonstratedabilitytocommunicateinformationclearlyinsentences:this
includessentenceseasilyconveyingthecorrectidea;sentencesmakingsense;
commentsnotbeingexcessivelylongorshort;conclusionsfollowinglogically
frompreviousstatements.
Assignmenttidilysetoutandeasytofollow:thisincludestheanswersbeing
clearlysetoutinthecorrectorder;theassignmentnotbeingoverlymessy;
graphsandplotsaretidywithcorrectlabellingofaxes;theassignmentincluding
thecorrectcoversheetbeingclippedtogetherorstapled.
FollowtheStepbyStepGuidetoPerformingaHypothesisTestbyHandas
required.
Attestbyhandcanbehandwrittenortyped!
StudentIDnumbershownsomewhereontheassignment:thiscanbeonthe
insideofthecoversheetoronthetopofthefirstpageoftheassignment.
Questionguide
Attemptquestions1,2and3whenChapter7hasbeencovered.
Attemptquestion4whenthefirsthalfofChapter8hasbeencovered.
Attemptquestions5and6whenallofChapter8hasbeencovered.
STATS101/101G/108Assignment3

Hypothesistestsinthisassignment
Practicalsignificance:
Apartfromquestion3,youdoNOTneedtointerprethypothesistestsin
termsofpracticalsignificance.
Inquestion4:
Youmustclearlyshowthatyouhavefollowedsteps1,2,3,7,9and10inthe
StepbyStepGuidetoPerformingaHypothesisTestbyHand,Lecture
Workbook,page11,Chapter7.Theotherstepsarereplacedbyyour
computeroutput,whichyoumusthandin.
ReportPvaluesto3or4decimalplaces.
Computeruseinthisassignment
Makesureyouarepreparedforquestions4and5beforeyoubegintousethe
computer.
Handinallcomputeroutputforquestions4and5.
WhencarryingoutatwoindependentsamplettestusingSPSSdonotassume
equalvariances.
Plotsinthisassignment
Makesureyoufollowtheinstructiongiveninthequestionwhenyouare
requiredtoconstructaplot.Byhand(forplots)meansusingapenandaruler!
Notes
TheformatandhandinginofAssignment3isthesameasthatforAssignments
1and2.Refertotheinstructionsonpage1ofthosetwoassignments.
RefertotheWorkedExamplesfileunderAssignmentsandAssignment
ResourcesonCanvasforexamplesofhowtosetoutyouranswers.
RefertotheLectureWorkbook,SectionA(CourseInformation),page3,
AssignmentRules:Workingtogetherversuscheating

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Question1.[9marks][Chapter7]

Question2.[9marks][Chapter7]

InNewZealandabout3500peopleworkincommunitypharmaciesandaregisterofall
pharmacistsworkinginNewZealandismaintained.Arandomsampleofpharmacistswere
asked(amongotherthings)abouttheirprofessionalqualityoflifeandseveralmeasures
wererecorded.Onesuchmeasurewascalledaburnoutscore.Thiswasameasure(from
0to50)ofthefeelingsofhelplessnessanddifficultiesindealingwithworkordoingtheirjob
effectively.Higherscoresrepresentgreaterburnout.Summarystatisticsofburnoutscores
forthe109pharmacistsinthesamplewhoworkedinacity,classifiedbygender,are
displayedbelow:
Gender

Mean

Std.Deviation

BurnoutscoreFemale

63

20.92

5.903

46

24.46

6.292

Male

InSeptember2014,SouthernCrossHealthInsurancesurveyedarandomsampleof1633
NewZealandtravellersabouttheiroverseastravellingexperiences.
Onequestioninthesurveyasked:
Whenfacedwithannoyingtravelbehaviours,whichoftheseactionsareyoulikelytotake?
Thetablebelowshowstheresponsesfromthe1633adultNewZealandertravellersactions,
classifiedbytheiragegroup.

Actions
Confrontthepassengerdirectly
Silentlyfumeanddonothing
Letitgo/notbebothered
Reportthepassengertotheflightattendant
Paythembacksubtly
Askforanewseat
Complaintotheairlinelater
Rantonsocialmedia
Other
Notsure

(a)

Carryoutattesttoinvestigatewhether,forallpharmacistsworkinginaNewZealandcity,
thereisadifferencebetweenthemeanburnoutscoreforfemalesandthatformales.
Notes:
(i)

Refertotheinstructionsonpage1ofthisassignment:Hypothesistestsinthis
assignment.

(ii)

YoumustclearlyshowthatyouhavefollowedtheStepbyStepGuidetoPerforminga
HypothesisTestbyHandgivenintheLectureWorkbook,page11,Chapter7.

(iii) Atsteps5and8itisnecessarytousethetprocedurestoolonCanvastodetermine
thestandarderrorandthetmultiplier.
Lookunder:AssignmentsAssignment3
(iv) Atstep6itisnecessarytouseeitherthetprocedurestoolonCanvas,agraphics
calculator,SPSS,orExceltodeterminethePvalue.
(b) Doestheconfidenceintervalgiveninpart(a)containthetruevalueoftheparameter?
Brieflyexplain.

Agegroup
Under40
40andover
(n=688)
(n=945)
107
175
238
213
238
266
102
195
77
56
108
172
39
30
60
12
5
15
73
75

(a)

Statethesamplingsituationforanalysingthedifferencebetweentheestimatedproportion
ofadultNewZealandtravellerswho,inSeptember2014,wouldhaveconfrontedthe
passengerdirectlyandthecorrespondingproportionwhowouldhaverantedonsocial
media.

(b) Carryoutattesttoinvestigatewhetherthereisadifferencebetweentheproportionofall
adultNewZealandtravellersunder40yearswho,inSeptember2014wouldhavesilently
fumedanddonenothingandtheproportionofalladultNewZealandtravellers40yearsand
overwho,inSeptember2014,wouldhavesilentlyfumedanddonenothing.
Notes:
(i)

Refertotheinstructionsonpage1ofthisassignment:Hypothesistestsinthis
assignment.

(ii)

YoumustclearlyshowthatyouhavefollowedtheStepbyStepGuidetoPerforminga
HypothesisTestbyHandgivenintheLectureWorkbook,page11,Chapter7.

(iii) Atstep5itisnecessarytousethetprocedurestoolonCanvastodeterminethe
standarderror.Lookunder:AssignmentsAssignment3
(iv) Atstep6itisnecessarytouseeitherthetprocedurestoolonCanvas,agraphics
calculator,SPSS,orExceltodeterminethePvalue.

STATS101/101G/108Assignment3

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Question3.[10marks][Chapter7]
Alocalcouncilsuspectsthattheweightofhouseholdrecyclablewastehasincreased,whichmay
requirethemtoexploreanewmethodofcollection.
Thecurrentmethodofcollectionhasbeenbasedonthepremisethatthemeanweightof
recyclablewasteperhouseholdis12kilogramsforeachfortnightlycollection.Thecouncil
conductsastudytoinvestigatetheirsuspicionbyrandomlyselectinganumberofhouseholds
andrecordingtheweight(inkilograms)ofrecyclablewasteforeachhousehold.
Acommercialwastecollectioncompanyisconsideringapplyingforthecontracttocollectthe
householdrecyclablematerialifthecouncilemploysthenewmethodofcollection.Paymentto
thecompanywouldbedeterminedbytheweightofrecyclablewastecollected.Thecompany
believesthatitisworthwhileapplyingforthecontractifthemeanweightofrecyclablewaste
perhouseholdismorethan15kilogramsforeachfortnightlycollection.Thecompanyusesthe
resultsofthestudyconductedbythecounciltodeterminethefeasibilityofapplyingforthe
contract.
Somepossibleoutcomesofthecouncilsstudyare:

Question4.[14Marks][FirsthalfofChapter8]
Researchers1wereinterestedinfindingoutwhethertherereallyisahomegameadvantagefor
teamsplayingintheNationalFootballLeague(NFL)intheUSA.Thatis,theywereinterestedin
whetherthehometeamscoredmorepoints,onaverage,thantheawayteam.Ifthereisa
homegameadvantagetheywerealsointerestedinestimatingitssize.Datacollectedforeach
of256gamesincludedthescoresforthehomeandtheawayteam.
Notes:
(i)

NFL-Data-A-SPSS orNFL-Data-A-iNZight
NFL-Data-B-SPSS orNFL-Data-B-iNZight
(ii)

Toanswerparts(c)and(d)youneedtoensurethatyouusethefile(s)whichhasthedata
intheformthatisappropriateforthedesignofthisstudy.

se( x )

Case 1

12.70

0.492

0.0806

(11.7, 13.7)

(a)

Case 2

21.40

7.354

0.1034

( 6.6, 36.2)

(b) Forthisstudydescribethe:

Case 3

16.15

0.303

0.0000

(15.5, 16.8)

(i)

units,

Case 4

13.05

0.755

0.0854

(11.5, 14.6)

(ii)

treatmentorfactorofinterest,

(12.5, 15.3)

(iii) response.

Case 5

13.86

0.694

Pvalue

95%CI

0.0050

(c)

Note:

Whattypeofstudyisthis:ExperimentorObservationalstudy?Brieflyjustifyyourchoice.

(i)

UsingSPSSand/oriNZightdrawtheappropriateboxplot(s)forthisdataset.(Youshould
considerthedesignofthisstudytoensuretherelevantplot(s)isdrawn.)

(ii)

Commentontwofeaturesintheboxplot(s)intermsoftheoriginalstory.

ThehypothesesassociatedwiththequotedPvaluesare:

H0 : thetruemeanweightofrecyclablewasteperhouseholdis12kilogramsversus
H1 : thetruemeanweightofrecyclablewasteperhouseholdisgreaterthan12kilograms
(a)

SPSSandExcelfilesofthedataareavailableonCanvasontheSTATS10xCanvasFront
PageorlookunderAssignmentsAssignment3.
Clickon:

(i)
(ii)

Whatisthehypothesisedvalue?
Inwhichdirectionandhowfaraway,intermsofstandarderrors,istheestimatedmean
weightofrecyclablewasteperhouseholdinCase1( x 12.70 )fromthehypothesised
value?
(b) Whichcase(s)demonstrates,atthe5%level,thatthesamplemean, x , is(statistically)
significantlydifferentfromthehypothesisedvalue?
(c) Forwhichcase(s)areweabletoclaimthatthetruemeanweightofrecyclablewasteper
household:
(i) haspracticalsignificance?
(ii) doesnothavepracticalsignificance?
(d) Inwhichcase(s)havewelearnednothingusefulaboutthetruemeanweightofrecyclablewaste
perhousehold?
(e) Supposetheactualoutcomeforthestudyis:

Case 6

se( x )

Pvalue

95%CI

14.32

0.218

0.0000

(13.9, 14.8)

Writethreetofivesentencesinterpretingthisoutput.Youneedtorefertostatistical
significanceandpracticalsignificance.Wouldyourecommendthatthecompanyapplyforthe
contracttocollecthouseholdrecyclingmaterialforthelocalcouncil?Giveareason(s)foryour
choice.
STATS101/101G/108Assignment3

(d) Investigatewhether,onaverage,thehometeamscoresmorepointsthantheawayteam.Use
SPSStoconductattest.Interpretyourresults.(Youshouldconsiderthedesignofthisstudyto
ensuretheappropriatettestisconducted.)
Reminder:Refertotheinstructionsonpage1ofthisassignment:Hypothesistestsinthis
assignment.
(e)

Commentonthevalidityofthetproceduresconductedin(d)bybrieflydiscussingeach
assumption.

Lock,R.H.,Lock,P.F.,Morgan,K.l.,Lock,E.F.,andLock,D.F.(2013).StatisticsUnlockingthePowerofData.Wiley.
Page3

Question5.[23Marks][SecondhalfofChapter8]

Question6.[15Marks][Chapters7and8]

Thisquestionalsorelatestotheinformationobtainedfromtherandomsampleof
pharmacistsworkinginNewZealand.(SeeQuestion1)Thepharmacistswereaskedabout
theirprofessionalqualityoflifeandseveralmeasureswererecorded.Onesuchmeasurewas
calledacompassionsatisfactionscore.Thiswasameasure(from0to50)ofthepleasure
derivedfrombeingabletodotheirjobwell.Higherscoresrepresentgreatersatisfaction.Of
interestwaswhetherthecompassionsatisfactionscorediffered,onaverage,between
pharmacistsworkinginpharmaciesinfourdifferentlocationsinNewZealand(City,Mall,
Suburb,Rural).Thecompassionsatisfactionscorewasrecordedforthe567pharmacistsin
thesamplewhoworkedinthesefourdifferentlocationsinNewZealand.
(a)

AswathDamodaranisaProfessorofFinanceintheSternSchoolofBusinessatNewYork
University,USA.Everyyearhecollatesdataonaverylargenumberofcompaniesworldwide.
His2014datasets2includeddatawithinformationon4,456companiesinAustralia,Canada
andNewZealand.Belowisinformationonsomeofthevariablescollected.

units,

(ii)

factorofinterest,

(iii) response.
(b) (i)
(ii)

UsingSPSSand/oriNZightdrawtheappropriateboxplot(s)forthisdataset.
Commentonanyfeaturesintheplot(s)intermsoftheoriginalstory.

PharmacistsData-SPSS
PharmacistsData-iNZight
(c)

UsingSPSSprovidethecomputeroutputofanFtestonthesedata.RefertotheSPSS
Tutorial,pages16and17,onCanvas.(LookunderSoftwareinformationandhelpSPSS
Help.)[Note:EnsurethatyoucompleteStep1throughtoStep4oftheinstructionsonpages
16and17.]

(d) StatetheassumptionsoftheFtestintermsoftheoriginalstory.
(e)

Calculatetheratioofthelargestsamplestandarddeviationforthecompassionsatisfaction
scoretothesmallestsamplestandarddeviationforthecompassionsatisfactionscore.

(f)

CommentonthevalidityoftheFtestbybrieflydiscussingeachassumption.

(g)

AssumethatanFtestisanappropriatetesttousehere.(Note:Itmaynotbe.)
(i)

Statethenullhypothesisforthetest,bothinwordsandusingsymbols.

(ii)

Statethealternativehypothesisforthetestinwords.

AssumetheTukeyspairwisecomparisonsarevalid.Forthisstudyinvestigatewhether,
onaverage,thereisadifferenceinthecompassionsatisfactionscoresbetweencity
andruralpharmacists.InterpretthePvalueandconfidenceinterval.
Note:Aconclusionisnotrequiredhere.

(ii)

Betweenwhichpair(orpairs)oflocationsweretheresignificantdifferences(atthe5%
level)inthemeancompassionsatisfactionscore?

Inonetotwosentences,provideanoverallconclusionforthisstudy.

STATS101/101G/108Assignment3

thevalueofthecompanyinmillionsofUSdollars

(a)

Foreachofthescenarios1to5below:
(i) Writedownthenameofthevariable(s)(giveninthetableabove)neededtoexamine
thequestion.
(ii) Foreachvariablein(i)writedownitstype(categoricalornumeric).
(b) Whattool(s)shouldyouusetobegintoinvestigatethescenarios1to5below?Writedown
thescenarionumber1to5followedbytheappropriatetool.Hint:Refertothenotesin
Chapter1oftheLectureWorkbook.
(c) Giventhattheunderlyingassumptionsaresatisfied,whichformofanalysisbelowshouldbe
usedintheinvestigationofeachofthescenarios1to5below?Writedownthescenario
number1to5followedbytheappropriateCodeAtoF.
Scenario1 Isthereadifferencebetweenthevalueandtotaldebtofacompany?
Scenario2 Isthesharepriceofacompanyrelatedtothecountryitisbasedin?
Scenario3 Isthereadifferenceinthepercentagegrowthinnetincomebetween
manufacturingcompaniesandretailcompanies?
Scenario4 IsthereadifferencebetweentheproportionofagriculturecompaniesinNew
ZealandandtheproportionofagriculturecompaniesinAustralia?
Scenario5 Doesthetotaldebtofacompanydependontheindustrygroupinginwhicha
companyoperates?
Code
A
B
C
D
E
F

(iii) Areweabletodeterminewhichlocationhasthegreatestmeancompassion
satisfactionscore?Ifso,namethelocation.
(i)

thecountrythecompanyisbasedin:Australia,Canada,
NewZealand

FirmValue

(iii) WhatdoestheresultoftheFtesttellyouaboutthemeancompassionsatisfaction
scoresforallfourlocations?Explainyouranswerin1or2sentences.
(h) (i)

Country

Note:
SPSSandExcelfilesofthedataareavailableonCanvasontheSTATS10xCanvasFrontPage
orlookunderAssignmentsAssignment3.
Clickon:

Type

IndustryGroup thebroadindustrygrouping,inwhichthecompanyoperates:
agriculture,energy,manufacturing,retail,other
SharePrice
thesharepriceofthecompanyasattheendofthefinancialyearin
USdollars
Growth
thepercentagegrowthinnetincomeofthecompanyoverthelast
threeyears
TotalDebt
thetotaldebtofthecompanyinmillionsofUSdollars

Forthisstudydescribethe:
(i)

Variable

Formofanalysis
Onesamplettestonamean
Onesamplettestonaproportion
Onesamplettestonameanofdifferences
Twosamplettestonadifferencebetweentwomeans
ttestonadifferencebetweentwoproportions
OnewayanalysisofvarianceFtest

Availableathttp://people.stern.nyu.edu/adamodar/
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