ESTP

a. Extraverted Sensing: Experiencing the immediate context;

taking action in the physical world; noticing changes and
opportunities for action; accumulating experiences; scanning for
visible reactions and relevant data; recognizing "what is."
Noticing what was available, trying on different items, and
seeing how they look.
b. Introverted Thinking: Analyzing; categorizing; evaluating
according to principles and whether something fits the framework
or model; figuring out the principles on which something works;
checking for inconsistencies; clarifying definitions to get more
precision. Analyzing your options using principles like comfort
or "Red is a power color."
c. Extraverted Feeling: Connecting; considering others and the
group-organizing to meet their needs and honor their values and
feelings; maintaining societal, organizational, or group values;
adjusting to and accommodating others; deciding if something is
appropriate or acceptable to others. Considering what would be
appropriate for the situation: "One should or shouldn't wear" or
"People will think"
d. Introverted iNtuiting: Foreseeing implications and likely
effects without external data; realizing "what will be";
conceptualizing
new
ways
of
seeing
things;
envisioning
transformations; getting an image of profound meaning or farreaching symbols. Envisioning yourself in an outfit or maybe
envisioning yourself being a certain way.

Learning--Extraverted Sensing: Experiencing and noticing the

world, scanning for visible reactions and relevant data

physical

What is really happening? What are the facts of the situation?

What can I do with this now?
Introverted Thinking: Analyzing, categorizing, and figuring out
how something works
What principles do I need to learn? What models can I fit the
learning into? What techniques or approaches can I apply?
Extraverted Feeling: Considering others and responding to them
Who can I connect with, or relate to in order to learn better?
Who can I help with this learning? How can I use this to improve
my relationships
Introverted iNtuiting: Foreseeing implications, conceptualizing,
and having images of the future or profound meaning
What are the implications for the future? What are the concepts?
What is the greater purpose?

IDEA GENERATION --a. PERCEPTION - Creative ideas where they come from.
Consider using each of these:
Extraverted Sensing (Se)
Change what is. Give new uses and tactics for what
contextually happening now, what's right in front of you.

is

Introverted iNtuiting (Ni)

Change the representation of the future. Integrate insights to
form new concepts.
b. JUDGMENT - Creative ideas how they are evaluated. How well do
ideas meet these criteria?
Introverted Thinking (Ti)
Improve understanding of
categorical shifts.

how

something

works.

Extraverted Feeling (Fe)

Improve harmony among people. Facilitate
interpersonal harmony in the outcome.

Provide

cooperation

clear

and

Strategies of Divergent Thinking

The goal of divergent thinking is to generate many different
ideas about a topic in a short period of time. It involves
breaking a topic down into its various component parts in order
to gain insight about the various aspects of the topic. Divergent
th inking typically occurs in a spontaneous, free-flowing manner,
such that the ideas are generated in a random, unorganized
fashion. Following divergent thinking, the ideas and information
will be organized using convergent thinking; i.e., putting the
var ious ideas back together in some organized, structured way.
To begin brainstorming potential topics, it is often helpful to
engage in self analysis and topic analysis.
Self Analysis
Ask the following
potential topics.

questions

to

help

brainstorm

list

of

How do I spend my time? What are my activities during a normal

day?
What do I know about? What are my areas of expertise? What am I
studying in school?
What do I like? What are my hobbies? What are my interests?
What bothers me? What would I like to change in my world or life?
What are my strongest beliefs, values and philosophies?
Topic Analysis
Ask the following questions to help narrow and refine a broad
topic into a specific, focused one. Substitute your topic for the
word "something."
How would you describe something?
What are the causes of something?
What are the effects of something?
What is important about something?
What are the smaller parts that comprise something?
How has something changed? Why are those changes important?
What is known and unknown about something?
What category of ideas or objects does something belong to?
Is something good or bad? Why?
What suggestions or recommendations would you make about
something?
What are the different aspects of something you can think of?
Techniques to Stimulate Divergent Thinking

1. Brainstorming. Brainstorming is a technique which involves

generating a list of ideas in a creative, unstructured manner.
The goal of brainstorming is to generate as many ideas as
possible in a short period of time. The key tool in brainstorm
ing is "piggybacking," or using one idea to stimulate other
ideas. During the brainstorming process, ALL ideas are recorded,
and no idea is disregarded or criticized. After a long list of
ideas is generated, one can go back and review the ideas to criti
que their value or merit.
2. Keeping a Journal. Journals are an effective way to record
ideas that one thinks of spontaneously. By carrying a journal,
one can create a collection of thoughts on various subjects that
later become a source book of ideas. People often have insights
at unusual times and places. By keeping a journal, one can
capture these ideas and use them later when developing and
organizing materials in the prewriting stage.
3. Freewriting. When free-writing, a person will focus on one
particular topic and write non-stop about it for a short period
of time. The idea is to write down whatever comes to mind about
the topic, without stopping to proofread or revise the writing.
This can help generate a variety of thoughts about a topic in a
short period of time, which can later be restructured or
organized following some pattern of arrangement.
4. Mind or Subject Mapping. Mind or subject mapping involves
putting brainstormed ideas in the form of a visual map or picture
that that shows the relationships among these ideas. One starts
with a central idea or topic, then draws branches off the main
topic which represent different parts or aspects of the main
topic. This creates a visual image or "map" of the topic which
the writer can use to develop the topic further. For example, a
topic may have four different branches (sub-topics), and each of
those four branches may have two branches of its own (sub-topics
of the sub-topic) *Note* this includes both divergent and
convergent thinking.

Strategies of Convergent Thinking

Whereas divergent thinking involved tearing a topic apart to

explore its various component parts, convergent thinking involves
combining or joining different ideas together based on elements
these ideas have in common. In short, convergent thinking means
putting the different pieces of a topic back together in some
organized, structured and understandable fashion. Convergent
thinking, then, is an essential part of the outlining and
organizing process.
Principles of Outlining
1. Strive for 2 - 7 main sections or categories of information.
Research on the way the brain processes information clearly
demonstrates that people are able to efficiently absorb and
retain up to seven main ideas, but no more. In term of
communication, this suggests that a writer create an outline
which follows a clear-cut pattern comprised of two to seven main
sections or categories. In practice, creating an outline with 3 5 main categories or sections is ideal. This will help readers to
more easily comprehend and remember the information.
For example, suppose a writer's purpose is to provide information
about gun safety. The writer has 10 important tips or pieces of
advice about how to be safe around guns. Should each piece of
advice represent a main point in the paper? NO. Ten separate
points about gun safety is probably too many for the reader to
retain easily. Thus, the writer would be wise to group together
different tips on gun safety that to fit together in some logical
fashion, thus forming three or four larger categories of
information. For instance, those three categories might be:
I. Handling (information about handling guns)
II. Storing (information about storing guns)
III. Loading (information about loading ammunition in guns)
In this way, the writer could shorten a list of 10 different
items into three easy-to-remember categories. This will help the
reader digest the information when reading the document, and
remember the information later. In short, limiting the number of
categories to seven (3 - 5 ideally) will provide structure that
aids the reader.
2. Make the sections or categories mutually exclusive.

A clearly organized, well constructed document will deal with one

topic at a time such that the reader can follow along easily.
This requires an outline which groups specific ideas within
larger categories that do not overlap with one another. In other
words, the main sections of an outline should be distinct from
one another such that the reader is not confused about how one
section is different from another.
For example, suppose a writer's purpose is to describe the
characteristics of effective leaders. Let's say the writer has
identified six key characteristics: (1) Intelligence; (2)
Communication; (3) Motivation; (4) Problem-solving ability; (5)
Energy and enthusiasm; and (6) People skills. Notice that these
six categories seem to overlap because some of the categories are
so closely related. For example, intelligence and problem-solving
are closely related; communication and people skills are closely
related; and motivation is closely related to energy and
enthusiasm. To clarify and distinguish the main categories, the
writer would be wise to combine the ones which go together, thus
creating three distinct and mutually exclusive categories rather
than six related ones. 3. Strive for balance between the main
sections.
As a general rule of thumb, an outline's main sections should be
approximately equal in terms of the amount of information they
contain. The principle of balance suggests that a document is
weighted such that no one part is given substantially more space
and importance than the others. Should one main section of an
outline contain substantially more information than the others,
it may be wise to focus on that one category, and divide it up
into separate sections.
For example, suppose a writer's purpose is to discuss the causes
of marital conflict and strategies for managing this conflict.
The writer's outline looks like:
I. Causes of Marital Conflict
Financial problems
Religious backgrounds
Work schedules
Families
Child raising differences
Personality differences
Different interests/hobbies
Boredom
II. Strategies for Managing Conflict

Communicate effectively
Support each other
Notice that this outline is unbalanced, because the first section
contains eight parts, and the second sections contains only two
parts. It may be wise in this case for the writer to focus only
on the causes of marital conflict, and sub-divide these eight
causes into several sub-categories. In this case, the eight
causes of conflict would be grouped into three or four different
categories representing different types of causes of marital
conflict.
4. Label each main section (add headings to the outline).
Once an outline as been created, it is often helpful to label the
main parts of the outline. These labels will later become
headings which are inserted into the final document, thus helping
the reader see how the document is designed and organized.
For
example,
consider
the
following
outline
on
tourist
attractions in Seattle. In this outline, each of the three main
sections will become "primary" headings in the paper, such as
"Exploring Seattle's Downtown Waterfront" and "Exploring the
Seattle Center" and "Exploring Seattle's University District."
These main headings help divide the paper into clear and distinct
sections. Within these main sections, the writer may wish to
include secondary headings under each primary heading. In the
first main section of the outline below, the secondary headings
would be "Aquarium" and "Pike Place Market."
I. Downtown Waterfront
Aquarium
Pike Place Market
II. Seattle Center
Space Needle
Pacific Science Center
III. University District
University of Washington campus
The "Ave" (shops on University Avenue)
Steps in Creating an Outline
Practice divergent thinking. See "Strategies of Divergent
Thinking."
Select a pattern of organization. See "Patterns of Organization."
Group ideas into clusters or sections following the chosen
pattern. See "Principles of Organizing."

Label each main section.

The Primary Processes

The primary processes are those used in the first four roles.
Each process tends to emerge and develop at different times in
our lives. During these times we are drawn to activities that use
these processes. Then, learning the content and the skills that

engage these processes is often nearly effortless. We find our

interest is drawn to them and our interest is pulled away from
things we were drawn to before.
The Leading Role (Dominant)
(sometimes referred to as the 1st function)
The process that plays the leading role is the one that usually
develops early in childhood. We tend to engage in this process
first, trusting it to solve our problems and help us be
successful.
Being the most trusted and most used, it usually has an adult,
mature quality to it. While we are likely to engage in it rather
automatically and effortlessly, we have much more conscious
control over it.
The energy cost for using it is very low. Much like in the
movies, the leading role has a heroic quality as using it can get
us out of difficult situations.
However, we can sometimes "turn up the volume" on this process
and become overbearing and domineering. Then it takes on a
negative dominating quality.
The Supporting Role (Auxiliary)
(sometimes referred to as the 2nd function)
The supporting role is how we are helpful to others as well as
supportive of ourselves.
Once we have developed some facility with our leading role
process, we are more likely to feel comfortable engaging in our
supporting role process.
In its most positive form, this can be quite like a nurturing
parent. In its more negative aspect, it can be overprotective and
stunting rather than helpful.
When the leading role process is an
supporting role process is introverted.

extraverted

one,

the

When the leading role process is an introverted one, the

supporting role process is extraverted and may be quite active
and visible as it provides a way of dealing with the outer world.
The Relief Role (Tertiary)

(sometimes referred to as the 3rd function)

The relief role gives us a way to energize and recharge
ourselves. It serves as a backup to the supporting role and often
works in tandem with it.
When we are younger, we might not engage in the process that
plays this role very much unless our life circumstances require
it or make it hard to use the supporting role process. Usually,
in young adulthood we are attracted to activities that draw upon
this process.
The relief role often is how we express our creativity. It is how
we are playful and childlike. In its most negative expression,
this is how we become childish. Then it has an unsettling
quality, and we can use this process to distract ourselves and
others, getting us off target.
The Aspirational Role (Inferior)
(sometimes referred to as the 4th function)
The aspirational
midlife.

role

usually

doesn't

develop

until

around

We often experience it first in its negative aspect of projecting

our "shoulds," fears, and negativities onto others.
The qualities of these fears reflect the process that plays this
role, and we are more likely to look immature when we engage in
the process that plays this role. There is often a fairly high
energy cost for using iteven when we acquire the skill to do
so.
As we learn to trust it and develop it, the aspirational role
process provides a bridge to balance in our lives. Often our
sense of purpose, inspiration, and ideals have the qualities of
the process that plays this role.

The Shadow Processes

The other four cognitive processes operate more on the boundaries
of our awareness. It is as if they are in the shadows and only
come forward under certain circumstances.
We usually experience these processes in a negative way, yet when
we are open to them, they can be quite positive.

The Opposing Role

(sometimes referred to as the 5th function)
The opposing role is often how we get stubborn and argumentative
refusing to play and join in whatever is going on at the time.
It might be easy for us to develop skill in the process that
plays this role, but we are likely to be more narrow in our
application of this skill, and it will likely take more energy to
use it extensively.
In its positive aspect, it provides a shadow or depth to our
leading role process, backing it up and enabling us to be more
persistent in pursuit of our goals.
The Critical Parent Role
(sometimes referred to as the 6th function)
The critical parent role is how we find weak spots and can
immobilize and demoralize others.
We can also feel this way when others use the process that plays
this role.
It is often used sporadically and emerges more often under
stressful conditions when something important is at risk. When we
engage it, we can go on and on.
To access its positive side of discovery, we must learn to
appreciate and be open to it. Then it has an almost magical
quality and can provide a profound sense of wisdom.
The Deceiving Role
(sometimes referred to as the 7th function)
The deceiving role fools us into thinking something is important
to do or pay attention to. The process that fills this role is
often not trusted or seen as worthy of attention, for when we do
engage it, we may make mistakes in perception or in decision
making. Then we feel double boundtrapped between two bad
options.
Yet this role can have a positive side as it provides comic
relief. Then we can laugh at ourselves. It can be refreshing and
join with the relief role as we recharge ourselves through play.

The Devilish Role

(sometimes referred to as the 8th function)
The devilish role can be quite negative. Using the process that
plays this role, we might become destructive of ourselves or
others.
Actions (or inactions) taken when we engage in the process that
plays this role are often regretted later.
Usually, we are unaware of how to use the process that fills this
role and feel like it just erupts and imposes itself rather
unconsciously.
Yet when we are open to the process that plays the devilish role,
it becomes transformative. It gives us the impetus to create
something newto make lemonade out of lemons, rather than lament
their sourness.
The Developed Self
Remember, we can use all the processes and we can become skilled
in that use.
Skill comes through practice. As we go through life, we seem to
be drawn to activities that develop our primary processes.
Sometimes
the
environment
doesn't
allow
or
foster
that
development or it can heighten it.
Thus, while the personality pattern will be the same for each
type, there will be considerable variation among individuals of
the same type due to their varying development.
We are more likely to identify and claim those processes we are
aware of, rather than those we are unaware of.
If we are competent in using a process yet unaware of it, we will
take it for granted. If we are incompetent and unaware, we are
likely to project the negative aspects of this process onto
others and even deny that it can have any value anywhere.
The Pattern
The pattern
figure.

of

the

processes

can

be

represented

by

stick

At the head is the process we lead with, commonly called the

Dominant.

At the right hand is the process we use in a supportive way,

commonly called the Auxiliary.
At the left hand is the process we use in a relief-giving way,
commonly called the Tertiary.
And at the
Inferior.

feet

is

what

we

aspire

to,

commonly

called

the

Since this process is what we aspire to be doing well, it is

often what makes our feet go even when we are unaware of
wanting to go in that direction.
Think of the shadow processes as being situated just behind the
stick figure to show that they are in the background. Just like a
shadow, they are always there, but we are most often not actively
using them.
1. Leading Role
Extraverted Sensing - Experiencing and acting in the immediate
context
Extraverted Sensing occurs when we become aware of what is in the
physical world in rich detail. We may be drawn to act on what we
experience to get an immediate result.
We notice relevant facts and occurrences in a sea of data and
experiences, learning all the facts we can about the immediate
context or area of focus and what goes on in that context.
An active seeking of more and more input to get the whole picture
may occur until all sources of input have been exhausted or
something else captures our attention.
Extraverted Sensing is operating when we freely follow exciting
physical impulses or instincts as they come up and enjoy the
thrill of action in the present moment.
A oneness with the physical world and a total absorption may
exist as we move, touch, and sense what is around us.
The process involves instantly reading cues to see how far we can
go in a situation and still get the impact we want or respond to
the situation with presence.

People whose dominant function is Extraverted Sensing usually

experience the world as:
You prefer to live in the present moment, rather than dwelling on
the past or day dreaming about the future. "Be Here Now" comes
naturally to you. You are almost always tuned into the present
moment, and you wonder why other people seem so spaced out.
Keep in mind that you are used to this and you probably take it
for granted. You probably think everyone sees the world they way
you do.
But they don't. Only people whose dominant or auxiliary function
is Se will see the world as you do.
You experience what your 5 senses tell you directly, accurately,
and in real time. You notice sounds, sights and smells before
other people do.
You probably move gracefully and with ease. You might even have
quick reflexes.
Driving or piloting vehicles probably comes naturally to you.
When you drive a car you probably notice all the details of
driving. The bumps in the road, the sound of the engine, and odd
sounds coming from the car.
When you drive you really tune into it. You wonder why some
drivers seem to be day dreaming while driving, it seems their
minds are somewhere else. Your not like that.
You might also be physically adept in some way. Good at dancing,
martial arts or physical sports.
You probably have a tremendous amount of physical energy. People
may have even commented on how much energy you have.
You might even feel jittery and jumpy if you have to sit still
for too long - like at a desk or on an airplane. You probably
like to be on the go all day, but the minute the physical
activity slows down you get bored and fall asleep.
People with Se as their dominant cognitive function know what is
going on around them at all times. They can sense any change in
physical movement in the room.

Imagine a police detective or a soldier having to enter a dark

room where there might be enemies or armed criminals. You've seen
this on TV. They have to be totally focused on moving safely
through the room.
They are listening for the slightest sounds. They are looking for
the slightest signs of movement. That is extraverted sensing at
it's best. If Se is your dominant function, please realize that
not everyone is going to be like you. In fact there are certain
personality types that are just going to make you crazy. But
that's another subject.
A good example of people who have extraverted sensing as either
their dominant or auxiliary function would be martial arts
experts like Bruce Lee and actor Tom Cruise.
To be so good at martial arts like Bruce Lee, you must be totally
focused in the present. Your reflexes must be lightning quick.
And you need to know what is going on around you, in the room, at
all times.
If you are in a fight with another martial artist, and you take a
second to day dream, or to think about the past, or the future
you are going to get hurt.
2. Supporting role
Introverted Thinking - Analyzing, categorizing, and evaluating
according to principles
Introverted Thinking often involves finding just the right word
to clearly express an idea concisely, crisply, and to the point.
Using introverted Thinking is like having an internal sense of
the essential qualities of something, noticing the fine
distinctions that make it what it is and then naming it.
It also involves
subcategories
of
principles.

an internal reasoning process

classes
and
sub-principles

of
of

deriving
general

These can then be used in problem solving, analysis, and refining

of a product or an idea.
This process is evidenced in behaviors like taking things or
ideas apart to figure out how they work.

The analysis involves looking at different sides of an issue and

seeing where there is inconsistency.
In so doing, we search for a "leverage point" that will fix
problems with the least amount of effort or damage to the system.
We engage in this process when we notice logical inconsistencies
between statements and frameworks, using a model to evaluate the
likely accuracy of what's observed.
Introverted Thinking (Ti) is one of the 4 judging / decision
making processes in the brain. The other judging functions are:
Extraverted
Feeling.

Thinking,

Extraverted

Feeling,

and

Introverted

People whose dominant function is Ti are known for being

veryanalytical, very logical and very objective. Their brains are
wired to for that. Introverted Thinkers develop complex systems
and models in their heads.
These models explain how things work. Whenever a dominant Ti
comes across new information, they test it against their internal
models to see if it fits. If it does, they store the new
information in the correct category. If it does not fit, but they
think it still might be correct information, they will completely
re-evaluate their mental model to understand why it does not
accommodate the new information.
People with dominant Ti tend to use precise language, and they
dislike it if you use words and terminology incorrectly.
As such, Ti's tend to have a strong vocabulary and they excel at
remembering terminology. Dominant Introverted Thinkers have been
known for creating or inventing entirely new systems, models and
theories.
They have a need to know how things work, down at the deepest
level. If you wanted help coming up with a fresh new name for
something, like a new product, or a new company name, a person
with Introverted Thinking in their dominant or auxiliary position
would be the best to help you. Their brains are wired for coming
up with fresh new names.
Same for new theories and new inventions, and even just new words
and new ways of saying things. Introverted Thinking is the
cognitive functions that does this the best.

If you want help thinking through a problem you have, and you
want very clear, logical and emotion free analysis, use someone
with either dominant or auxiliary Introverted Thinking.
One place you will see a lot of people with a strong Introverted
Thinking function is the people who design analog electronic
circuits. These folks study electrical engineering where they
learn the theories about how electronic circuits work. Then, with
the model of how things work firmly in their minds, they go out
an apply it to the real world.
People with a strong Ti function can learn the complex theories
and then apply them.
3. Relief Role
Extraverted Feeling - Connecting and considering others and the
group
People whose dominant function is Extraverted Feeling, focus
their decision making on the external world (outside the mind)
and the primary focus is on people and human kind.
When people with dominant Fe go to make a decision, the first
decision criteria they use is values rather than objective facts.
For extraverted feeling these values are more cultural values and
values relating to human kind as a whole, rather than personal
values which is what introverted feeling (Fi) is about.
Thus people with dominant Fe will fist consider the impact a
decision may have on the greater good, and the people around
them. They do this instinctively.
Contrast this to extraverted thinking (Te), where the decision
criteria is based on just facts. "Just give me the facts" and
keep any emotion or feeling out of it. I just want objective
facts and data.
Because people are so important to those with dominant Fe, they
will actually organize their lives so that they can connect with
more
people.
Relationships
and
connecting
with
friends,
neighbors, coworkers and colleagues is a big part of an Fe's
life.
Dominant Fe's have the natural ability to tune into the group to
know what they are thinking and feeling. They are sensitive to

the morale of the people around them. Leaders and CEO's should
always have a dominant Fe around to tell them how the people are
feeling.
Having a dominant Fe function is especially useful in the
entertainment industry where you are entertaining and connecting
with the audience either by acting, interviewing, singing, or
telling jokes. It can also help in politics and any public
position.
If Fe is your dominant function you probably have a very strong
sense of what is right and wrong, good and bad. You understand
ethics.
People with a dominant Fe strive for harmony of the group. In
fact Fe's will often sacrifice themselves for the betterment of
the group.
Achieving and maintaining harmony is crucial for Fe's. Connecting
and building relationships for Fe's is of the utmost importance.
Dominant Fe's also tend to be very well organized.
Dominant Fe's are all about helping people. This would
everything from being a doctor, to writing self help books.

be

If Fe is your dominant function, please realize that not everyone

is going to be like you. But you probably already know that. In
fact there are certain personality types that are just going to
make you crazy. But that's another subject.
You can typically spot an Fe in a group because they are doing
things to organize and help the group. They are usually not
selfish. They live for the group.
4. Aspirational
Introverted iNtuiting - Foreseeing implications, transformations,
and likely effects
Introverted
iNtuiting
involves
synthesizing
the
seemingly
paradoxical or contradictory, which takes understanding to a new
level.
Using this process, we can have moments when completely new,
unimagined realizations come to us.

A disengagement from interactions in the room occurs, followed by

a sudden "Aha!" or "That's it!" The sense of the future and the
realizations that come from introverted iNtuiting have a sureness
and an imperative quality that seem to demand action and help us
stay focused on fulfilling our vision or dream of how things will
be in the future.
Using this process, we might rely on a focal device or symbolic
action to predict, enlighten, or transform. We could find
ourselves laying out how the future will unfold based on unseen
trends and telling signs.
This process can involve working out complex concepts or systems
of thinking or conceiving of symbolic or novel ways to understand
things that are universal.
It can lead to creating transcendent experiences or solutions.
People whose dominant function is Introverted
usually experience the world as such:

Intuiting

(Ni)

You are used to having insights and hunches that frequently turn
out to be correct. These "aha" moments are introverted intuiting
at work.
What happens is this. You feed your mind with information and
data. You let your unconscious mind process the data. Then,
perhaps when you are in the shower, or jogging, the answer just
pops into your mind. It's not magical nor mystical. It's simply
that, of the 4 ways to get information (the 4 perceiving
functions), Ni is the only one that easily taps into the
unconscious. In fact, Ni is the only perceiving function that is
not under conscious control.
So unlike someone whose dominant function is say Extraverted
Sensing (Se) where they get their information directly from their
five senses, a person with dominant Introverted Intuition gets
much of their information after it has been processed in the
unconscious.

Introverted Intuition is focused inwards, on the internal world

of thoughts, ideas, and concepts as opposed to an extraverted
function which is focused on the world that is external to the
mind. i.e. the real physical world.

Those with Ni as their dominant function prefer to focus on the

future. They are adept at analyzing the past, but they only do so
when looking for clues to the future.
Dominant Ni's have trouble focusing in the present moment. You
will frequently notice that dominant Ni's will be mentally
elsewhere, even when they are driving a car.
Dominant Ni's are big picture people. Details are their weakness.
They can handle details like bookkeeping and accounting but it
takes a lot of extra energy and it's stressful. They are driven
to see the big picture and to understand how thing work down at a
fundamental, root cause level. They love theories, concepts, and
complex systems. They tend to be strategic.
Those with Ni as their dominant function are good at spotting
trends and patterns. They can easily connect the dots. Tell them
what actions you have been taking and they will tell you what the
future implications are for you. This is not hocus pocus magic.
Their brains are simply wired to process data this way. They are
experts at connecting the dots and telling you what will probably
happen.
In the past, people with introverted intuiting have been known to
act as oracles, fortune tellers, shamans and medicine men. In
fact many people with dominant Ni will tell you that while
growing up they did have mystical experiences.
When Ni is combined with a feeling function such as Fe, as is the
case with INFJ, or ENFJ the individual will probably be good at
understanding people, relationships, human issues and such.
When Ni is combined with extraverted thinking (Te), as in the
case of INTJ or ENTJ, the insights, hunches etc will probably be
focused more on complex systems, concepts, things, products
rather than people and human issues.
If Ni is
is going
this. In
going to

your dominant function, please realize that not everyone

to be like you. But you have probably already noticed
fact there are certain personality types that are just
make you crazy. But that's another subject.

Leaders and CEO types should always have a dominant intuitive

around to keep an eye on the future and to help prevent serious
missteps because they dominant Ni's can foresee the implications
of your actions.