A.

LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT (CONGRESS)

1. Composition, Qualifications, and Term of Office
a. Senate
Art. VI, Secs. 2-4
b. House of Representative
Art. VI, Secs. 5-6
Art. IX, C, Secs. 6-8
Art. XVIII, Sec. 7
Fair Elections Act R.A. 9006)
Cases - SABILI VS. COMELEC 670 SCRA 664 (2012)
ALDOVINO VS. COMELEC 609 SCRA 636 (2009)
TALAGA VS. COMELEC 683 SCRA 602 (2012)
QUINTO VS. COMELEC 606 SCRA 258 (2009)
613 SCRA 385 (2010)
MITRA VS. COMELEC 622 SCRA 749 (2010)
ASISTIO VS. AGUIRRE 619 518 (2010)
Annotation RESIDENCY 691 SCRA 385 (2013)
Apportionment / Districts
Cases - SEMA VS. COMELEC 558 SCRA 700 (2008)
ALDABA VS. COMELEC 611 SCRA 137 (2009
615 SCRA 564 (2010)
NAVARRO VS. ERMITA 612 SCRA 131 (2009)
AQUINO III VS. COMELEC 617 SCRA 623 (2010)
NAVAL VS. COMELEC 729 SCRA 299 (2014)
Law - PARTY LIST SYSTEM ACT R.A. 7941 March 3, 1995
Cases BANAT VS. COMELEC 586 SCRA 210 (2009)
ABAYON VS. HRET 612 SCRA 375 (2010)
ANG LADLAD VS. COMELEC 618 SCRA 32 (2010)
LOKIN, JR. VS COMELEC 621 SCRA 285 (2010)
674 SCRA 538 (2012)
AMORES VS. HRET 622 SCRA 593 (2010)
LAYUG VS. COMELEC 667 SCRA 135 (2012)
ATONG PAGLAUM, INC. VS. COMELEC
694 SCRA 477 (2013)
COCOFED VS. COMELEC 703 SCRA 165
ANAD VS. COMELEC 705 SCRA 340 (2013)
ABANG LINGKOD VS. COMELEC 708 SCRA 133 (13)
Annotation CANCELLATION OF ACCREDITATION
706 SCRA 298
c. Synchronized terms of office
Art. XVIII, Secs. 1-2
ANNOTATION ON TERM LIMITATION 582 SCRA 774 (09)
Case - ALDOVINO VS. COMELEC 609 SCRA 636 (2009)
ABUNDO VS. COMELEC 688 SCRA 149 (2013)
NAVAL VS. COMELEC 729 SCRA 299 (2014)
2. Election
a. Regular election
Art. VI, Sec. 8
b. Special election
Art. VI, Sec. 9
Art. IX, C, Sec. 11
Law - REP. ACT NO 6645, Dec. 28, 1987
REP. ACT NO. 7166
Case TOLENTINO VS. COMELEC
420 SCRA 438 (2004)
3. Salaries, Privileges, and Disqualifications
a. Salaries
Art. VI, Sec. 10
Art. XVIII, Sec. 17
Case - PHILCONSA VS. MATHAY 18 SCRA 300 (1966)

LIGOT VS. MATHAY 56 SCRA 823 (1974)

b. Freedom from arrest
Art. VI, Sec. 11
Case PEOPLE VS. JALOSJOS 324 SCRA 689 (2000)
TRILLANES VS. PIMENTEL 556 SCRA 471 (2008)
c. Speech and Debate Clause
Art. VI, Sec. 11
Cases - JIMENEZ VS. CABANGBANG 17 SCRA 876 (1966)
OSMEA VS. PENDATUN 109 PHIL 863 (1960)
d. Disqualifications
(1) Incompatible and Forbidden Offices
Id. Sec. 13
Case - LIBAN VS. GORDON 593 SCRA 68 (2009)
LIBAN VS. GORDON 639 SCRA 703 (2011)
(2) Other prohibitions
Art. VI, Sec. 14
Case - PUYAT VS. DE GUZMAN 113 SCRA 31 (1982)
BELGICA VS. OCHOA 710 SCRA 1 (2013)
Art. XI, Sec.16
e. Duty to disclose
Art. XI, Sec 17
Art. VI, Sec 12
Id., Sec. 20
4. Internal Government of Congress
a. Election of Officers
Art. VI, Sec. 16 (1)
Case SANTIAGO VS. GUINGONA 298 SCRA 756 (1998)
b. Quorum
Id., Sec. 16 (2)
Case - AVELINO VS. CUENCO 83 PHIL. 17 (1949)
c. Rules of proceedings
Id., Sec. 16 (3)
Id., Sec 21
Case ARROYO VS. DE VENECIA 277 SCRA258 (1997)
GARCILLANO VS. HR COMMITTEES 575 SCRA 170
(2008)
DELA PAZ VS. SENATE COMMITTEE 579 SCRA 521
(2009)
d. Discipline of members
Id., Sec. 16 (3)
Cases - ALEJANDRINO VS. QUEZON 46 PHIL. 83 (1924)
OSMEA VS. PENDATUN 109 PHIL. 863 (1960)
(suspension for 15 months)
SANTIAGO VS. SANDIGANBAYAN 356 SCRA
636 (2001)
e. Journal and Congressional Records
Art. VI, Sec. 16 (4)
(1) The Enrolled Bill Theory
Cases - ARROYO VS. DE VENECIA 277 SCRA 268
(1997)
FARIAS VS. EXECUTIVE 417 SCRA 503
(2003)
ABAKADA VS. PURISIMA 562 SCRA 251 (08)
(2) Probative value of the journal
Case - UNITED STATES VS. PONS 34 PHIL.
729 (1916)
(3) Matters required to be entered in the Journal

(a) Yeas and nays on third and final reading of a bill

Art. VI, Sec. 26 (2)
(b) Veto message of the President
Art. VI, Sec. 27 (1)
(c) Yeas and nays on the repassing of a bill vetoed
by the President
(d) Yeas and nays on any question at the request of
1/5 of members present (Art. VI, Sec. 16 [4])
(e) Summary of Proceedings
(4) Journal Entry Rule v. Enrolled Bill Theory
Cases - ASTORGA VS. VILLEGAS
56 SCRA 714 (1974)
FIELD VS. CLARK, 36 L. ED. 294 (1891)
(it is not competent for the appellants
to show from the
journals that the
enrolled bill contained a
section that
does not appear in the enrolled act in
the
custody of the State Dept.)
(5) Congressional Record
Art., Sec. 16 (4), par. 2
5. Sessions
(1) Regular sessions
Art. VI, Sec. 15
Id. Sec. 16 (5)
Case GUEVARA VS. INOCENTES 16 SCRA 379 (1966)
(2) Special sessions
Id., sec. 15
Art. VII, Secs. 10-11
Art. VII, sec. 18 par. 3
(3) Joint sessions
(a) Voting separately
Art. VII, Sec. 4 (Choosing the President)
Id. Sec. 11, Par. 4 (Determining the Presidents
temporary disability)
Id., Sec. 9 (Confirming the nomination of a
Vice-President)
Art. VI, Sec. 23(1) (Declaring a state of war)
Art. XVII, Sec. 1(1) (Amending the Constitution)
(b) Voting jointly
Art. VII, Sec. 18 (to revoke or extend
martial law or suspension of
privilege of habeas corpus)
6. Electoral Tribunal
Art. VI, Secs. 17 and 19
Cases BARBERS VS. COMELEC 460 SCRA 569 (2009)
FERNANDEZ VS. HRET 608 SCRA 733 (2009)
MENDOZA VS. COMELEC 603 SCRA 692 (2009)
616 SCRA 443 (2010)
ABAYON VS. HRET 612 SCRA 375 (2009)
LAYUG VS. COMELEC 667 SCRA 135 (2012)
JALOSJOS VS. COMELEC 674 SCRA 530 (2012)
ATONG PAGLAUM VS. COMELEC 694 SCRA 477 (13)
REYES VS. COMELEC 699 SCRA 522 (2013)
708 SCRA 197 (2013)

TANADA VS. COMELEC 708 SCRA 188 (2013)

Annotation - JURISDICTION 692 SCRA 717
a. Composition
Cases- TAADA VS. CUENCO, 103 PHIL. 1051(1957)
ABBAS VS. SET, 166 SCRA 651 (1988)
PIMENTEL VS. HRET 393 SCRA 231 (2002)

b. Nature of Function
Case- ANGARA VS. ELECTORAL COMMISSION
63 PHIL. 139 (1946)
REQUEST OF JUSTICES MELENCIO HERRERA,
CRUZ AND FELICIANO TO BE RELIEVED AS
MEMBERS OF THE HRET, RESOLUTION
DATED MARCH 19. 1991
c. Independence of the Electoral Tribunals
Case - BONDOC VS. PINEDA, 201 SCRA 792 (1991)
d. Powers
Cases - LIBANAN VS. HRET 283 SCRA 520 (1997)
GARCIA VS. HRET 312 SCRA 353 (1999)
e. Judicial Review of decisions of Electoral Tribunals
Case - MARTINEZ VS. HRET 610 SCRA 733 (2010)
SANDOVAL VS. HRET 614 SCRA 793 (2010)
VILANDO VS. HRET 656 SCRA 17 (2011)
7. Commission on Appointments
Art. VI, Secs. 18 and 19
Cases - GUINGONA VS. GONZALES 214 SCRA 789
(1991) AND 219 SCRA 326 (1993)
PIMENTEL VS. HRET 393 SCRA 231 (2002)
8. Powers of Congress
A. General plenary powers
Art. VI, Sec. 1
Case CITY OF DAVAO VS. RTC 467 SCRA 280 (2005)
1. Limitations on the legislative power
(1) Substantive limitations
(a) Express substantive limitations
Art. III (Bill of Rights)
Art. VI, Secs. 25 and 28
Art. XIV, Sec. 4(3)
Art. VI, Sec. 29
Cases NAZARETH VS. VILLAR 689 SCRA 385 (2013)
BELGICA VS. OCHOA 710 SCRA 1 (2013)
ARAULLO VS. AQUINO III 728 SCRA 1 (2014)
Id., Sec. 30
Id., Sec. 31
(b) Implied substantive limitations
Doctrine of Non-Delegation of Powers
applicable in all branches of Government
Case FLORES VS. MONTEMAYOR
629 SCRA 178 (2010)
1. Prohibition against delegation of
legislative power
Cases REVIEW CENTER VS. ERMITA
583 SCRA 428 (2009)
FORT BONIFACIO VS. CIREVENUE
602 SCRA 159(2009)
GUTIERREZ VS. DBM 616 SCRA 1 (2010)
COCOFED VS. REPUBLIC 663 SCRA 514
(2012)
COMM OF CUSTOMS VS. HYPERMIX
664 SCRA 666 (2012)
VIVAS VS. MONETARY BOARD OF BSP

703 SCRA 290 (2013)

BELGICA VS. OCHOA 710 SCRA 1 (2013)
DISINI VS. SOJ 716 SCRA 237
Exception to Non-Delegation Doctrine
Delegation to the President
Art. VI, Sec. 23(2) & Sec. 28 (2)
Delegation to the people Art.
VII, sec. 32
Delegation to local governments
Case UMALI VS. COMELEC
723 SCRA 170 (2014)
2. Prohibition against passage of irrepealable laws
(2) Procedural limitation
ANNOTATION- The Legislative Process
669 SCRA 611 (2012)
Art VI, Secs. 26-27
Case ARROYO VS DE VENECIA 291 SCRA 433
(1998)
ABAKADA VS. PURISIMA 562 SCRA 251
(2008)
B. Question hour
Art VI, Sec. 22
Case SENATE VS. ERMITA 488 SCRA 1 (2006)
C. Legislative investigations
Art VI, Sec. 21
Cases- SENATE BLUE RIBBON VS. MAJADUCON
407 SCRA 356 (2004)
SENATE VS. ERMITA 488 SCRA 1 (2006)
GUDANI VS. SENGA 498 SCRA 671 (2006)
IN RE: SABIO 504 SCRA 704 (2006)
STANDARD CHARTERED VS. SENATE COMMITTEE
541 SCRA 456 (2008)
NERI VS. SENATE COMMITTEE 549 SCRA 77 (2008)
564 SCRA 52 (2008)
GARCILLANO VS. HR COMMITTEES
575 SCRA 170 (2008)
PHILCOMSAT VS. SENATE 673 SCRA 611 (2012)
D. Act as board of canvassers for Presidential and Vice Presidential
elections - Art. VII, Sec. 4, par. 4
Case BRILLANTES VS. COMELEC 432 SCRA 269 (2004)
E. Call special election for President and Vice President
Art. VII, Sec. 10
F. Revoke or extend suspension of privilege of habeas corpus
or declaration of martial law
Art. VII, Sec. 18
G. Approve Presidential Amnesties
Art. VII, Sec. 19
H. Confirm certain appointments
Art. VII, Sec. 9 and Sec. 16
I. Concur in Treaties
Art. VII, Sec. 21 (through the Senate)
CF: Sec. 25, Art. XVIII, 1987 Constitution
Case BAYAN VS. ZAMORA 342 SCRA 449 (2000)
Annotation VISITING FORCES AGREEMENT 342 SCRA 522
Case SUPLICO VS. NEDA 558 SCRA 329 (2008)

NICOLAS VS. ROMULO 578 SCRA 438 (2009)

J. Declaration of war and delegation of emergency powers
Art. VI, Sec. 23
Case DAVID VS. MACAPAGAL-ARROYO
489 SCRA 160 (2006)
(PP 1017 - Declaration of State of National
Emergency)
K. Be judge of the Presidents physical fitness or capacity
Art. VI, Sec. 11, par. 4
L. Power of impeachment
Case CORONA VS. SENATE 676 SCRA 563 (2012)
(1) Who are subject to impeachment
Art. XI, sec. 2
Case OFFICE VS. MOJICA 452 SCRA 714 (2005)
GONZALES VS. OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
678 SCRA 614 (2012)
714 SCRA 611 (2014)
(2) Grounds for impeachment
Art. XI, sec. 2
(3) Procedure for impeachment
Id., sec. 3(1)-(6)
Case FRANCISCO VS. NMMP, INC. 425 SCRA
44 (2003)
GUTIERREZ VS. HR COMMITTEE ON JUSTICE
643 SCRA 198 (2011)
(4) Consequence of impeachment
Id., sec. 3(7)
Case ESTRADA VS. DESIERTO 356 SCRA
108 (2001)
M. Power with regard to the utilization of natural resources
Art. XII, sec. 2
9. Legislative process
Requirements as to bills
(1) As to titles of bills
Art. VI, sec. 26(1)
Cases - PHIL. JUDGES ASSOCIATION VS. PRADO
227 SCRA 703 (1993)
DE GUZMAN VS. COMELEC 336 SCRA 188 (2000)
BANAT VS. COMELEC 595 SCRA 477 (2009)
Which should control, the title or the text of a statute?
Cases - CRUZ VS. PARAS, 123 SCRA 569 (1953)
TATAD VS. SECRETARY 281 SCRA 330 (1997)
282 SCRA 337 (1997)
FARIAS VS. EXECUTIVE 417 SCRA 503 (2003)
REMMAN ENT. VS. PRBRE 715 SCRA 293 (2014)
IMBANG VS. OCHOA 721 SCRA 146 (2014)
(2) Requirements as to certain laws
Origin of Bills Case ABAKADA VS. EXECUTIVE
469 SCRA 1 (2005)
(a) Appropriation laws
Art. VII, sec. 22
Art. VI, secs. 24-25
Cases - BRILLANTES VS. COMELEC 432 SCRA 269
(2004)
ATITIW VS. ZAMORA 471 SCRA 329 (2005)
BELGICA VS. OCHOA 710 SCRA 1 (2013)
ARAULLO VS. AQUINO III 728 SCRA 1 (2014)

(b) Tax laws

Art. VI, sec. 28
Art. XIV, sec. 4(3) (4)
Cases - YMCA vs. CA 298 SCRA 83 (1998)
CHAVEZ VS. PCGG 299 SCRA 744 (1998)
LUNG CENTER VS. QUEZON CITY
433 SCRA 119 2004)
EXECUTIVE VS. SOUTHWING
482 SCRA 673 (2006)
b. Procedure for the passage of bills
Art. VI, sec. 26(2)
Case - ALVAREZ VS. GUINGONA, JR. 252 SCRA 695 (1996)
ARROYO VS. DE VENECIA 291 SCRA 433 (1998)
TOLENTINO VS. SECRETARY 235 SCRA 630 (1994) and
249 SCRA 628 (1995)
ABAKADA VS. EXECUTIVE 469 SCRA 1 (2005)
c. The Presidents veto power
Qualified versus Absolute Veto
Messaged veto versus Pocket Veto
No pocket veto in the Philippines. What is a pocket veto? Art. I, sec. 7 of U.S. Const; If
any bill shall not be returned by the President within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it
shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he had
signed it, unless the Congress by their adjournment prevent its return in which case it
shall not be a law.
Art. VI, sec. 27
Compare 1935 Const., Art. VI, sec. 20
Cases - GONZALES VS. MACARAIG, 191 SCRA 452 (1990)
BENGZON VS. DRILON, 208 SCRA 133 (1992)
PCA VS. ENRIQUEZ 235 SCRA 506 (1994)
BELGICA VS. OCHOA 710 SCRA 1 (2013)
Legislative Veto ABAKADA VS. PURISIMA 562 SCRA 251 (2008)
d.

Effectivity of laws
Civil Code, Art. 2
Cases - TAADA VS. TUVERA, 136 SCRA 27 (1985)
Same, resolution of motion for reconsideration, 146 SCRA 446 (1986)
Executive Order No. 200, June 18, 1987

10. Initiative and Referendum, Rep. Act. No. 6735, Aug. 4, 1989
Cases GARCIA VS. COMELEC 237 SCRA 279 (1994)
SBMA VS. COMELEC 262 SCRA 492 (1996)
SANTIAGO VS. COMELEC 270 SCRA 106 (1997)