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INTRODUCTION
It is very important task for a company to satisfy current or prospect investors or stock holders. If
the investors feel confident about the companys position in the market, they can be influenced to
invest on the company. Financial analysis can help in making the investors confident about the
firm. However the purpose for this project is to analyze pharmaceutical companys financial
statements and show the significant change in companys performance. Performance evaluation
of a company is usually related to how well a company can use it assets, share holder equity and
liability, revenue and expenses. Financial ratio analysis is one of the best tools of performance
evaluation of any company. Generally Financial Statements analysis by using the technique of
ratio analysis involves generating different sort of ratios such as liquidity ratios, asset
management ratios, debt management ratios, profitability ratios, and market value ratios. We
used ratio analysis for easily measurement of liquidity position, asset management condition,
profitability and market value and long-term debt situation of the pharmaceutical company for
performance evaluation. As mentioned earlier, figuring out the companys position is one of the
most important purposes of doing financial analysis. Therefore, maneuvering these entire ratios
will certainly give us a scenario of the companys current position in the market. By comparing
with the previous year ratio and industry average, these ratios can indicate whether the company
is doing better or bad in the market.
OBJECTIVES
To analyze the ratios of individual company based on financial statements and compare
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INDUSTRY PROFILE
The Pharmaceutical industry in Bangladesh is one of the most developed hi-tech sectors within
the country's economy. In 2000, there were 210 licensed allopathic drug-manufacturing units in
the country, out of which only 173 were in active production; others were either closed down on
their own or suspended by the licensing authority for drugs due to non compliance to good
manufacturing practices or drug laws. The industry manufactured about 5,600 brands of
medicines in different dosage forms. There were, however, 1,495 wholesale drug license holders
and about 37,700 retail drug license holders in Bangladesh. After the promulgation of Drug
Control Ordinance - 1982, the development of this sector was accelerated. The professional
knowledge, thoughts and innovative ideas of the pharmaceutical professionals working in this
sector are the key factors for this development. Due to recent development of this sector, the
industry is exporting medicines to global markets, including the European market. This sector is
also providing 97% of the total medicine requirement of the local market. Some of the
companies produce insulin, hormones, and anticancer drugs, which were not previously
produced in Bangladesh. Leading pharmaceutical companies are expanding their business with
the aim to expand into the export market. Recently, a few new industries have been established
with high tech equipment and professionals to enhance the strength of this sector.
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COMPANY BACKGROUND
AMBEE PHARMACEUTICALS LTD.
Ambee Pharmaceuticals Ltd., a fast growing public limited company was registered under the
companies Act, 1913 and was incorporated in Bangladesh on 4th February 1976. Ambee has a
joint venture with a famous multinational company Medimpex of Hungary. Ambee started its
operation with modest 17 joint ventured products and is now running in full swing with 76
products. They have Tablets, Capsules, Liquids, Gel in tubes and Injectables.
BEXIMCO PHARMACEUTICALS LTD.
Beximco Pharmaceuticals Ltd (BPL) is a leading manufacturer of pharmaceutical formulations and
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) in Bangladesh. The company is the largest exporter of
pharmaceuticals in the country. The company is consistently building upon its portfolio and currently
producing more than 400 products in different dosage forms covering broader therapeutic categories
which include antibiotics, antihypertensives, antidiabetics, antireretrovirals, anti asthma inhalers etc,
among many others.
GLAXOSMITHKLINE
GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) Bangladesh Ltd. carries with it an enviable image and reputation for the
past 6 decades. A subsidiary of GlaxoSmithKline plc- one of the world's leading research-based
pharmaceutical and healthcare companies GSK Bangladesh, continues to be committed to
improving the quality of human life by enabling people to do more, feel better and live longer. In
line with mergers and acquisitions the identity changed from Glaxo to GlaxoSmithKline
Bangladesh Limited during 2002 after merger with SmithKline Beecham in December 2000.
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The study is conducted to evaluate the performance and market standing of the companies. The
financial analyst usually performs analysis on various aspects to find out the financial health of
the firm; among which ratio analysis is one of the most important and commonly used methods.
Ratio analysis provides a measure for the major aspects of the business indicative of its strengths,
weakness, what it is doing better, where it needs improvement, and how it is doing relative to the
stated objective of the business. These measures become lot more meaningful when we compare
them to industry standards. The main focus of ratios is on the liquidity of business, profitability,
leverages, efficiency in using its assets, generating value for shareholders. In this study various
Ratio Analysis will be done to understand the financial condition of the companies.
SOURCES OF DATA
We have obtained the necessary information from the DSE (Dhaka Stock Exchange LTD)
website, Company websites and from the Annual report of the respective companies.
The analysis is based on the information available in the company and the figure
and facts claimed in the annual reports and other forms are assumed to be true.
Time is a factor which also reflects on the report being prepared.
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Ratios
Formulas
2010
2011
1.
Current Ratio
0.96
0.98
2.
Quick Ratio
0.49
0.48
3.
0.032
0.032
4.
Total debt
Total Assets
82%
83%
5.
Return on Equity
15.10%
15.11%
6.
Return on Assets
Net Profits
Average total Assets
2.6%
2.7%
Current Ratio:
The Current Ratios of Ambee Pharmaceuticals Ltd. for 2010 and 2011 are 0.96 and 0.98
respectively. As we know the general rule of thumb for Current Ratio is, it should be 2 or higher.
The Current ratios of Ambee Pharma are way below the standard ratio. Moreover, it has
decreased in the year 2011. Compare to the Industry average of 1.42 in 2011 Ambee Pharma
appears to be less liquid. Therefore, the possibility is very less that the short term creditors will
be fully paid off.
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Ratios
Formulas
2010
2011
1.
Current Ratio
2.46
2.70
2.
Quick Ratio
1.67
1.83
3.
0.13
0.14
4.
Total debt
Total Assets
25%
25%
5.
Times Interest
Earned
3.67
3.95
6.
Return on Equity
6.58%
7.20%
7.
Return on Assets
Net Profits
Average total Assets
4.9%
5.4%
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GLAXOSMITHKLINE
SL No.
Ratios
Formulas
2010
2011
1.
Current Ratio
2.59
2.05
2.
Quick Ratio
1.61
.95
3.
0.05
0.06
4.
Total debt
Total Assets
37%
45%
5.
Return on Equity
29.70%
19.83%
6.
Return on Assets
Net Profits
Average total Assets
20.92%
11.77%
Current Ratio:
The Current Ratios for 2010 and 2011 of GSK are 2.59 and 2.05 respectively. The general rule of
thumb for Current Ratio is, it should be 2 or higher. The Current ratios of GSK are above the
standard ratio 2 and also above the industry average .So there is a very good chance that short
term creditors will be fully paid off. But the falling rate of Current Ratio in 2011 may create fear
among the creditors.
Quick Ratio:
The Quick Ratios of GSK for 2010 and 2011 are 1.61 and 0.95 respectively. A Quick Ratio
below 1 is normally a sign that the company is under financial distress. The Quick Ratio
decreased in 2011 and dropped below 1. This implies the company is facing liquidity problem in
North South University
Page 11
ACI LIMITED
North South University
Page 12
SL No.
Ratios
Formulas
2010
2011
1.
Current Ratio
1.05
.88
2.
Quick Ratio
0.59
0.49
3.
0.18
0.14
4.
Total debt
Total Assets
65%
71%
5.
Times Interest
Earned
1.82
1.81
6.
Return on Equity
5%
5.58%
7.
Return on Assets
Net Profits
Average total Assets
1.52%
1.57%
Current Ratio:
The Current Ratios of ACI Ltd. for 2010 and 2011 are 1.05 and 0.88 respectively. The Current
ratios of ACI Limited are way below the standard ratio. Moreover, it has decreased in the year
2011. And also compare to the Industry average of 1.42 in 2011, ACI Limited appears to be less
liquid. Therefore, the possibility is very less that the short term creditors will be fully paid off.
Quick Ratio:
The Quick Ratios of ACI Limited for 2010 and 2011 are 0.59and 0.49 respectively. A Quick
Ratio below 1 is normally a sign that the company is under financial distress. These ratios are
also below the industry average. The Quick Ratio even decreased in 2011. The company is facing
liquidity problem which may put them in trouble.
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RENATA LIMITED
SL No.
Ratios
Formulas
2010
2011
1.
Current Ratio
1.11
.73
2.
Quick Ratio
0.42
0.26
3.
0.06
0.05
4.
Total debt
Total Assets
42%
49%
5.
Times Interest
Earned
10.63
7.7
6.
Return on Equity
32.93%
31.48%
7.
Return on Assets
Net Profits
Average total Assets
18.98%
17%
Current Ratio:
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Ratios
1.
Current Ratio
2.
Quick Ratio
3.
4.
Formulas
Total Current Assets
Total Current Liabilities
Total Current Asset Inventory
Total Current Liabilities
Total Long-term liabilities
Total Assets
Total debt
Total Assets
2010
2011
1.15
1.14
0.69
0.62
0.04
0.03
72.51%
73.02%
5.
Return on Equity
55.50%
52.66%
6.
Return on Assets
Net Profits
Average total Assets
15.25%
12.84%
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INDUSTRY AVERAGE
SL No.
Ratios
2010
2011
1.
Current Ratio
1.57
1.42
2.
Quick Ratio
0.89
0.75
3.
0.04
0.03
4.
53.65%
57.58%
5.
2.66
2.23
6.
Return on Equity
23.97%
21.96%
7.
Return on Assets
10.7%
8.50%
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CONCLUSION
Based on the study and analysis of the financial statements and on the results of certain financial
ratio for the above stated companies we are now in a position to comment about the generalized
financial health of each one of them relative to the Industry. From the liquidity perspective of a
company we can conclude that Beximco Pharma & GSK are in a very good position and
performing well above the industry standard where other four firms need to improve their
liquidity position. Solvency ratio measures the ability of the enterprise to survive over long
period of time and considering Long-term Debt ratio, all the six companies are in good position
in the industry. If we consider the Total Debt to Total Asset ratio Beximco Pharma is most
desirable among all the six firms from the creditors point of view. Times Interest Earned ratio of
Renata Limited is very good. Analyzing profitability ratio, we found GSK, Renata and Reckitt
Benckiser are turning out reasonable return on the assets and investments. We can conclude that
the pharmaceutical companies are performing well in average in our country but none of the
company is performing very well consistently. Some are performing well above the standard and
some need urgent improvement.
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