Donald Trump

11/14/2016
DonaldTrumpWikipedia
DonaldTrump
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia
DonaldJohnTrump(/dnlddntrmp/bornJune14,
1946)isanAmericanbusinessmanandpoliticianwhoisthe
PresidentelectoftheUnitedStates.Since1971hehas
chairedTheTrumpOrganization,theprincipalholding
companyforhisrealestateventuresandotherbusiness
interests.Duringhisbusinesscareer,Trumphasbuiltoffice
towers,hotels,casinos,golfcourses,andotherbranded
facilitiesworldwide.Hewaselectedasthe45thU.S.
presidentinthe2016electionontheRepublicanticket,
defeatingDemocraticnomineeHillaryClinton,andis
scheduledtotakeofficeonJanuary20,2017.
TrumpwasbornandraisedinNewYorkCityandreceiveda
bachelor'sdegreeineconomicsfromtheWhartonSchoolof
theUniversityofPennsylvaniain1968.In1971,hewas
givencontrolofhisfatherFredTrump'srealestateand
constructionfirm.TrumphasappearedattheMissUSA
pageants,whichheownedfrom1996to2015,andhasmade
cameoappearancesinfilmsandtelevisionseries.Hesought
theReformPartypresidentialnominationin2000,but
withdrewbeforevotingbegan.Hehostedandcoproduced
TheApprentice,arealitytelevisionseriesonNBC,from
2004to2015.Asof2016,hewaslistedbyForbesasthe
324thwealthiestpersonintheworld,and156thintheUnited
States,withanetworthof$3.7billioninOctober2016.[4]
InJune2015,Trumpannouncedhiscandidacyforpresident
asaRepublicanandquicklyemergedasthefrontrunnerfor
hisparty'snomination.InMay2016,hisremaining
Republicanrivalssuspendedtheircampaigns,andinJulyhe
wasformallynominatedforpresidentatthe2016Republican
NationalConvention.Trump'scampaignreceived
unprecedentedmediacoverageandinternationalattention.
Manyofhisstatementsininterviews,onTwitter,andat
campaignrallieshavebeencontroversialorfalse.Several
ralliesduringtheprimarieswereaccompaniedbyprotests.
OnOctober7,a2005audiorecordingsurfacedinwhich
Trumpbraggedaboutforciblykissingandgropingwomenor
beingabletodosomultiplewomenaccusedhimofsimilar
conductshortlythereafter.Heapologizedforthe2005
commentsanddeniedtheallegations,describingthemaspart
ofawidersmearcampaign.At70yearsold,Trumpwillbe
theoldestpersontoassumethepresidency.
Trump'splatformincludedrenegotiationofU.S.Chinatrade
deals,oppositiontoparticulartradeagreements,suchas
NAFTAandtheTransPacificPartnership,stronger
enforcementofimmigrationlawstogetherwithbuildinga
wallalongtheU.S.Mexicoborder,reformofveterans'care,
repealandreplacementoftheAffordableCareAct,andtax
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump
DonaldTrump
PresidentelectoftheUnitedStates
Takingoffice
January20,2017
VicePresident MikePence (elect)
Succeeding
BarackObama
Personaldetails
Born
DonaldJohnTrump
June14,1946
NewYorkCity,NewYork,U.S.
Politicalparty Republican (198799,200911,2012

present)
Other
political
affiliations
Democratic (before1987,
200109)
Reform (19992001)
Independent (201112)[1][2]
Spouse(s)
IvanaZelnkov
(m.1977div.1991)
MarlaMaples
(m.1993div.1999)
MelaniaKnauss
(m.2005)
Children
DonaldJr.
Ivanka
Eric
Tiffany
Barron
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cuts.FollowingtheNovember2015Parisattacks,Trump
calledforatemporarybanonMuslimimmigration,later
statingthatthebanwouldfocusinsteadoncountrieswitha
provenhistoryofterrorism,untilthescreeningforpotential
terroristsisredressed.[5]
Contents
Almamater
Networth
FordhamUniversity
UniversityofPennsylvania (BS)
US$3.7billion(October2016)[3]
Signature
Website
greatagain.gov(https://www.greata
gain.gov/)
1 Earlylife
2 Businesscareer
2.1 Realestate
2.1.1 Earlycareer
2.1.2 TrumpTower
2.1.3 Expansion
2.1.4 Businessbankruptcies
2.1.5 Inheritanceandfurther
acquisitions
2.1.6 Golfcourses
2.2 Sportsevents
2.3 Beautypageants
2.4 TrumpUniversity
2.5 DonaldJ.TrumpFoundation
2.6 Brandingandlicensing
2.7 Incomeandtaxes
2.8 Networth
3 Entertainmentandmedia
3.1 TheApprentice
3.2 TrumpModelManagement
3.3 Professionalwrestling
4 Politics
4.1 Politicalaffiliations
4.2 Involvementinpolitics,19882015
4.3 Presidentialcampaign,2016
4.3.1 Primaries
4.3.2 Generalelectioncampaign
4.3.3 Generalelectiondebates
4.3.4 Sexualmisconductallegations
4.3.5 Generalelection
4.4 Politicalpositions
4.4.1 Socialissues
4.4.2 Economicissues
4.4.3 Healthcare,educationand
environment
4.4.4 Foreignpolicy
4.4.5 Immigrationpolicies
4.4.6 Commentsaboutfringetheories
5 Personallife
5.1 Family
5.2 Religiousviews
5.3 Health
6 Appearancesinpopularculture
7 Legalmatters
8 Awardsandaccolades
9 Seealso
10 Notes
11 References
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11 References
12 Externallinks
Earlylife
TrumpwasbornonJune14,1946,inJamaica,Queens,aneighborhoodinNewYorkCity.[6]Hewasthesecond
youngestchildoffivechildren.Ofhisfoursiblings,threeareliving:Maryanne,Elizabeth,andRobert.Trump's
olderbrotherFredJr.diedin1981fromalcoholism,whichTrumpsaysledhimtoneverdrinkalcoholorsmoke
cigarettes.[7]
TrumpisofGermanancestryonhisfather'ssideandScottishancestryonhismother'ssideallfourofhis
grandparentswereborninEurope.HisfatherFredTrump(19051999)wasborninQueenstoparentsfrom
Kallstadt,Germany,andbecameoneofthebiggestrealestatedevelopersinNewYorkCity.[8][9]Hismother,
MaryTrump(neMacLeod,19122000),wasborninTong,Lewis,Scotland.[10]FredandMarymetinNew
Yorkandmarriedin1936,settlingtogetherinQueens.[10][11]HisuncleJohnG.Trump,aprofessorat
MassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyfrom1936to1973,wasinvolvedinradarresearchfortheAlliesinthe
SecondWorldWar,helpeddesignXraymachinesthatprovidedadditionalyearsoflifetocancerpatients,and
in1943,theFederalBureauofInvestigationrequestedhimtoexamineNikolaTesla'spapersandequipment
whenTesladiedinhisroomattheNewYorkerHotel.[12]Trumps'grandfatherwasFrederickTrumpwho
amassedafortuneoperatingboomtownrestaurantsandboardinghousesintheregionofSeattleandKlondike,
Canada.[13]
TheTrumpfamilywereoriginallyLutherans,butTrump'sparentsbelongedtotheReformedChurchin
America.[14]ThefamilynamewasformerlyspelledDrumpforDrumpft,andlaterevolvedtoTrumpduringthe
ThirtyYears'Warinthe17thcentury.[15]TrumphassaidthatheisproudofhisGermanheritageheservedas
grandmarshalofthe1999GermanAmericanSteubenParadeinNewYorkCity.[16]
ThefamilyhadatwostoryTudorRevivalhomeonMidlandParkwayin
JamaicaEstates,whereTrumplivedwhileattendingTheKewForest
School.[17]Trumplefttheschoolatage13andwasenrolledintheNewYork
MilitaryAcademy(NYMA),[18]inCornwall,NewYorkwherehefinished
eighthgradeandhighschool.In1983,FredTrumptoldaninterviewerthat
Donald"wasaprettyroughfellowwhenhewassmall."[19]Trumpparticipated
inmarchingdrills,woreauniform,andduringhissenioryearattainedtherank
ofcaptain.Hewastransferredfromastudentcommandpositionafterthe
allegedhazingofanewfreshmaninhisbarracksbyoneofTrump's
subordinatesTrumpdescribesthetransferas"apromotion".[20]In2015,hetold
abiographerthatNYMAgavehim"moretrainingmilitarilythanalotofthe
guysthatgointothemilitary".[21]
Trumpatage18attheNew
YorkMilitaryAcademy,
June30,1964
TrumpattendedFordhamUniversityintheBronxfortwoyears,beginningin
August1964.HethentransferredtotheWhartonSchoolattheUniversityof
Pennsylvania,whichofferedoneofthefewrealestatestudiesdepartmentsin
UnitedStatesacademiaatthetime.[22][23]Whilethere,heworkedatthefamily'scompany,ElizabethTrump&
Son,namedforhispaternalgrandmother.[24]TrumpgraduatedfromWhartoninMay1968withaB.S.in
economics.[23][25][26]
TrumpwasnotdraftedduringtheVietnamWar.[27]Whileincollegefrom1964to1968,heobtainedfour
studentdeferments.[28]In1966,hewasdeemedfitforservicebaseduponamilitarymedicalexamination,and
in1968wasbrieflyclassifiedasfitbyalocaldraftboard,butwasgivena1YmedicaldefermentinOctober
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1968.[29]Inaninterviewfora2015biography,Trumpattributedhismedicaldefermenttoheelspurs.[21]In
December1969Trumpreceivedahighnumberinthedraftlottery,whichwouldalsohaveexemptedhimfrom
service.[29][30][31]
Businesscareer
AnanalysisofTrump'sbusinesscareerbyTheEconomistin2016,concludesthathis"...performance[from
1985to2016]hasbeenmediocrecomparedwiththestockmarketandpropertyinNewYork",notingbothhis
successesandbankruptcies.[32]AsubsequentanalysisbyTheWashingtonPost,whosereportersweredenied
presscredentialsbytheTrumppresidentialcampaign,concludedthat"Trumpisamixofbraggadocio,business
failures,andrealsuccess."[33]
Realestate
Earlycareer
Priortograduatingfromcollege,Trumpbeganhisrealestatecareerathisfather,FredTrump'scompany,[34]
ElizabethTrumpandSon,[35]whichfocusedonmiddleclassrentalhousingintheNewYorkCityboroughsof
Brooklyn,Queens,andStatenIsland.Duringhisundergraduatestudy,FredandDonaldTrumpuseda$500,000
investmenttosuccessfullyreopentheforeclosedSwiftonVillageapartmentcomplexinCincinnati,Ohio.[36]
Hewasgivencontrolofthecompanyin1971and,inoneofhisfirstacts,renamedittoTheTrump
Organization.[37][38]Hebecamethepresidentoftheorganizationin1973.Thatyear,heandhisfatherdrew
widerattentionwhentheJusticeDepartmentallegedthattheywerediscriminatingagainstblackswhowanted
torentapartments,ratherthanmerelyscreeningoutpeoplebasedonlowincomeastheTrumpsstated.An
agreementwaslatersignedinwhichtheTrumpsmadenoadmissionofwrongdoing,andunderwhichqualified
minorityapplicantswouldbepresentedbytheUrbanLeague.[39][40]
Trump'sfirstbigdealinManhattanwastheremodelingoftheGrandHyattHotelin1978nexttoGrandCentral
TerminalfromanolderCommodoreHotel,whichwaslargelyfundedbya$70millionconstructionloanjointly
guaranteedbyFredTrumpandtheHyatthotelchain.[41][42]
TrumpTower
In1978,TrumpfinishednegotiationstodevelopTrumpTower,a58
story,202metre(663foot)skyscraperinMidtownManhattan,for
whichTheNewYorkTimesattributedhis"persistence"and"skillsasa
negotiator".[43]Thebuildingwascompletedin1983,andhousesboth
theprimarypenthousecondominiumresidenceofDonaldTrumpand
theheadquartersoftheTrumpOrganization.[44]TrumpTowerwasthe
settingoftheNBCtelevisionshowTheApprentice,includingafully
functionaltelevisionstudioset.[45]
Thebuildingoccupiestheformersiteofthearchitecturallysignificant
TrumpTowerseenfromtheentrance
BonwitTellerflagshipstore.Itsdemolitionin1980wascontroversial
onFifthAvenueinMidtown
duetothedestructionofvaluableArtDecobasreliefsculpturesonits
Manhattan
[46][47]
facade,
aswellasacontractor'suseofsome200undocumented
Polishimmigrantworkers,whowerereportedlypaid45dollarsperhourforworkin12hourshifts.[48][49]
Trumptestifiedin1990thatherarelyvisitedthesiteandwasunawareoftheillegalworkers.[50][51]
Expansion
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Harrah'satTrumpPlazaopenedinAtlanticCityin1984.Thehotel/casinowasbuiltbyTrumpwithfinancing
byHolidayCorp.[52]andoperatedbytheHarrah'sgamblingunitof
HolidayCorp.Thecasino'spoorresultsexacerbateddisagreements
betweenTrumpandHolidayCorp.[53]Trumpalsoacquiredapartially
completedbuildinginAtlanticCityfromtheHiltonCorporationfor
$320million.Whencompletedin1985,thehotel/casinobecameTrump
Castle.Trump'swife,Ivana,managedtheproperty.[54]
TrumpacquiredtheMaraLagoestateinPalmBeach,Florida,in1985
for$5million,plus$3millionforthehome'sfurnishings.Inadditionto
usingthehomeasawinterretreat,Trumpalsoturneditintoaprivate
clubwithmembershipfeesof$150,000.Ataboutthesametime,he
acquiredacondominiumcomplexinPalmBeachwithLeeIacoccathat
becameTrumpPlazaofthePalmBeaches.[55]
WollmanRinkinCentralPark
RepairsontheWollmanRinkinCentralPark,builtin1955,werestartedin1980byageneralcontractor
unconnectedtoTrump,withanexpected212yearconstructionschedule,butwerenotcompletedby1986.
Trumptookovertheproject,completeditinthreemonthsfor$1.95million,whichwas$750,000lessthanthe
initialbudget,andthenoperatedtherinkforoneyearwithallprofitsgoingtocharityinexchangefortherink's
concessionrights.[56]
TrumpacquiredthePlazaHotelinManhattanin1988.Hepaid$400millionforthepropertyandonceagain
tappedIvanatomanageitsoperationandrenovation.[57]
Laterin1988,TrumpacquiredtheTajMahalCasinoinAtlanticCity,
NewJersey,inatransactionwithMervGriffinandResorts
International.[58]ThecasinowasopenedinApril1990,andwasbuiltat
atotalcostof$1.1billion,whichatthetimemadeitthemostexpensive
casinoeverbuilt.[59][60]Financedwith$675millioninjunkbonds[61]at
a14%interestrate,theprojectenteredChapter11bankruptcythe
followingyear.[62]Banksandbondholders,facingpotentiallossesof
hundredsofmillionsofdollars,optedtorestructurethedebt.
TrumpTajMahal,at1000Boardwalk
inAtlanticCity,NewJersey
TheTajMahalemergedfrombankruptcyonOctober5,1991,with
Trumpceding50percentownershipinthecasinotothebondholdersin
exchangeforloweredinterestratesandmoretimetopayoffthe
[63]
debt. HealsosoldhisfinanciallychallengedTrumpShuttleairlineandhis282foot(86m)megayacht,the
TrumpPrincess.[61][64][65]Thepropertywasrepurchasedin1996andconsolidatedintoTrumpHotels&Casino
Resorts,whichfiledforbankruptcyin2004with$1.8billionindebt,filingagainforbankruptcyfiveyearslater
with$50millioninassetsand$500millionindebt.TherestructuringultimatelyleftTrumpwith10%
ownershipintheTrumpTajMahalandotherTrumpcasinoproperties.[65]Trumpservedaschairmanofthe
organization,whichwasrenamedTrumpEntertainmentResorts,frommid1995untilearly2009,andservedas
CEOfrommid2000tomid2005.[66]
Businessbankruptcies
Trumphasneverfiledforpersonalbankruptcy,buthotelandcasinobusinessesofhishavebeendeclared
bankruptsixtimesbetween1991and2009torenegotiatedebtwithbanksandownersofstockand
bonds.[67][68]BecausethebusinessesusedChapter11bankruptcy,theywereallowedtooperatewhile
negotiationsproceeded.TrumpwasquotedbyNewsweekin2011saying,"Idoplaywiththebankruptcylaws
theyreverygoodforme"asatoolfortrimmingdebt.[69][70]
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ThesixbankruptciesweretheresultofoverleveragedhotelandcasinobusinessesinAtlanticCityandNew
York:TrumpTajMahal(1991),TrumpPlazaHotelandCasino(1992),PlazaHotel(1992),TrumpCastleHotel
andCasino(1992),TrumpHotelsandCasinoResorts(2004),andTrumpEntertainmentResorts
(2009).[71][72][73]Trumpsaid,"I'veusedthelawsofthiscountrytoparedebt....We'llhavethecompany.We'll
throwitintoachapter.We'llnegotiatewiththebanks.We'llmakeafantasticdeal.Youknow,it'slikeonThe
Apprentice.It'snotpersonal.It'sjustbusiness."[62]
Inheritanceandfurtheracquisitions
Trumpacquiredanold,vacantofficebuildingonWallStreetinManhattanin1996.Afteracomplete
renovation,itbecametheseventystoryTrumpBuildingat40WallStreet.[74]Afterhisfatherdiedin1999,
Trumpandhissiblingsreceivedequalportionsofhisfather'sestatevaluedat$250300million.[75]
In2001,TrumpcompletedTrumpWorldTower,a72storyresidentialtoweracrossfromtheUnitedNations
Headquarters.[76]TrumpalsobeganconstructiononTrumpPlace,amultibuildingdevelopmentalongthe
HudsonRiver.HecontinuedtoowncommercialspaceinTrumpInternationalHotelandTower,a44story
mixeduse(hotelandcondominium)toweronColumbusCirclewhichheacquiredin1996,[77]andalso
continuedtoownmillionsofsquarefeetofotherprimeManhattanrealestate.[78]
TrumpacquiredtheformerHotelDelmonicoinManhattanin2002.Itwasreopenedwith35storiesofluxury
condominiumsin2004astheTrumpParkAvenue.[79]
Trumphaslicensedhisnameandimageforthedevelopmentofanumberofrealestateprojectsincludingtwo
TrumpbrandedrealestateprojectsinFloridathathavegoneintoforeclosure.[80]TheTurkishownerofTrump
TowersIstanbul,whopaysTrumpfortheuseofhisname,wasreportedinDecember2015tobeexploringlegal
meanstodissociatethepropertyafterthecandidate'scalltotemporarilybanMuslimsfromenteringtheUnited
States.[81]
TrumpalsolicensedhisnametosoninlawJaredKushner'sfiftystoryTrumpBayStreet,aJerseyCityluxury
developmentthathasraised$50millionofits$200millioncapitalizationlargelyfromwealthyChinese
nationalswho,aftermakinganinitialdownpaymentof$500,000inconcertwiththegovernment'sexpedited
EB5visaprogram,canusuallyobtainUnitedStatespermanentresidencyforthemselvesandtheirfamilies
aftertwoyears.[82]TrumpisapartnerwithKushnerPropertiesonlyinnamelicensingandnotinthebuilding's
financing.[82]
Golfcourses
TheTrumpOrganizationoperatesmanygolfcoursesandresortsinthe
UnitedStatesandaroundtheworld.Thenumberofgolfcoursesthat
Trumpownsormanagesisabout18,accordingtoGolfweek.[83]Trump's
personalfinancialdisclosurewiththeFederalElectionsCommission
statedthathisgolfandresortrevenuefortheyear2015wasroughly
$382million.[84][85]
In2006,TrumpboughttheMenieEstateinBalmedie,Aberdeenshire,
Scotland,creatingagolfresortagainstthewishesoflocalresidents[86]
AviewoftheTurnberryHotel,in
onanareadesignatedasaSiteofSpecialScientificInterest.[87][88]A
Ayrshire,Scotland
2011independentdocumentary,You'veBeenTrumped,byBritish
filmmakerAnthonyBaxter,chronicledthegolfresort'sconstructionand
thesubsequentstrugglesbetweenthelocalsandDonaldTrump.[89]DespiteTrump'spromisesof6,000jobs,in
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2016,byhisownadmission,thegolfcoursehascreatedonly200jobs.[90]InJune2015,Trumpmadeanappeal
objectingtoanoffshorewindfarmbeingbuiltwithinsightofthegolfcourse,[91]whichwasdismissedbyfive
justicesattheUKSupremeCourtinDecember2015.[92]
InApril2014,TrumppurchasedtheTurnberryhotelandgolfresortinAyrshire,Scotland,whichisaregular
fixtureintheOpenChampionshiprota.[93][94]Afterextensiverenovationsandaremodelingofthecourseby
golfarchitectMartinEbert,TurnberrywasreopenedonJune24,2016.[95]
Sportsevents
In1983,Trump'sNewJerseyGeneralsbecameachartermemberofthe
newUnitedStatesFootballLeague(USFL).TheUSFLplayeditsfirst
threeseasonsduringthespringandsummer,butTrumpconvincedthe
majorityoftheownersofotherUSFLteamstomovetheUSFL1986
scheduletothefall,directlyoppositetheNationalFootballLeague
(NFL),arguingthatitwouldeventuallyforceamergerwiththeNFL,
whichwouldsupposedlyincreasetheirinvestmentsignificantly.[96]
Afterthe1985season,theGeneralsmergedwiththeHoustonGamblers,
buthadcontinuingfinancialtroubles.TheUSFL,whichwasdownto
just7activefranchisesfromahighof18,wassoonforcedtofold,
despitewinninganantitrustlawsuitagainsttheNFL.[97]
Trumpatabaseballgamein2009
TrumpattemptedtobuytheNFL'sBuffaloBillsin2014butwasunsuccessful.Duringhis2016presidential
run,hehasbeencriticaloftheNFL'supdatedconcussionrules,complainingonthecampaigntrailthatthe
gamehasbeenmade"soft"and"weak,"sayingaconcussionisjust"adingonthehead."Heaccusedreferees
ofthrowingpenaltyflagsneedlesslyjusttobeseenontelevision"sotheirwivesseethemathome."[98]
TrumpremainedinvolvedwithothersportsaftertheGeneralsfolded,operatinggolfcoursesinseveral
countries.[97]HealsohostedseveralboxingmatchesinAtlanticCityattheTrumpPlaza,includingMike
Tyson's1988fightagainstMichaelSpinks,andatonetime,actedasafinancialadvisortoTyson.[97][99][100]
In1989and1990,TrumplenthisnametotheTourdeTrumpcyclingstagerace,whichwasanattemptto
createanAmericanequivalentofEuropeanracessuchastheTourdeFranceortheGirod'Italia.Theinaugural
racewascontroversial,andTrumpwithdrewhissponsorshipafterthesecondTourdeTrumpin1990,because
hisotherbusinessventureswereexperiencingfinancialwoes.Theracecontinuedforseveralmoreyearsasthe
TourDuPont.[101][102]
Beautypageants
From1996until2015,[103]TrumpownedpartoralloftheMissUniverse,MissUSA,andMissTeenUSA
beautypageants.TheMissUniversepageantwasfoundedin1952bytheCaliforniaclothingcompanyPacific
Mills.[104]TrumpwasdissatisfiedwithhowCBSscheduledhispageants,andtookbothMissUniverseand
MissUSAtoNBCin2002.[105][106]
In2006,MissUSAwinnerTaraConnertestedpositiveforcocaine,butTrumpletherkeepthecrown,forthe
sakeofgivingherasecondchance.[107]ThatdecisionbyTrumpwascriticizedbyRosieO'Donnell,whichled
toaverybluntandpersonalrebuttalbyTrumpcriticizingO'Donnell.[108]In2012,Trumpwona$5million
arbitrationawardagainstacontestantwhoclaimedtheshowwasrigged.[109]
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In2015,NBCandUnivisionbothendedtheirbusinessrelationshipswiththeMissUniverseOrganizationafter
Trump'scontroversial2015presidentialcampaignremarksaboutMexicanillegalimmigrants.[110][111]Trump
subsequentlyfileda$500millionlawsuitagainstUnivision,allegingabreachofcontractand
defamation.[112][113]
OnSeptember11,2015,TrumpannouncedthathehadbecomethesoleowneroftheMissUniverse
OrganizationbypurchasingNBC'sstake,andthathehad"settled"hislawsuitsagainstthenetwork,[114]though
itwasunclearwhetherTrumphadyetfiledlawsuitsagainstNBC.[115]Hesoldhisowninterestsinthepageant
shortlyafterwards,toWME/IMG.[103]The$500millionlawsuitagainstUnivisionwassettledinFebruary
2016,buttermsofthesettlementwerenotdisclosed.[116]
TrumpUniversity
TrumpUniversityLLC[117]wasanAmericanforprofiteducationcompanythatranarealestatetraining
programfrom2005untilatleast2010.Aftermultiplelawsuits,itisnowdefunct.ItwasfoundedbyDonald
Trumpandhisassociates,MichaelSextonandJonathanSpitalny.[118]Thecompanyofferedcoursesinreal
estate,assetmanagement,entrepreneurship,andwealthcreation,chargingbetween$1,500and$35,000per
course.[119]In2005theoperationwasnotifiedbyNewYorkStateauthoritiesthatitsuseoftheword
"university"violatedstatelaw.Afterasecondsuchnotificationin2010,thenameoftheoperationwaschanged
tothe"TrumpEntrepreneurialInstitute".[120]Trumpwasalsofoundpersonallyliableforfailingtoobtaina
businesslicensefortheoperation.[121]In2013thestateofNewYorkfileda$40millioncivilsuitclaimingthat
TrumpUniversitymadefalseclaimsanddefraudedconsumersthelawsuitisongoingasof2016.[120][122]In
addition,twoclassactioncivillawsuitsarependinginfederalcourtrelatingtoTrumpUniversitytheyname
DonaldTrumppersonallyaswellashiscompanies.[123]Oneofthecases,Lowv.Trump,issetfortrialon
November28,2016.[124]
Trumprepeatedlycriticizedajudge,GonzaloP.Curiel,whoisoverseeingtwooftheTrumpUniversitycases.
DuringcampaignspeechesandinterviewsupuntilJune2016,TrumpcalledCuriela"haterofDonaldTrump",
sayinghisrulingshavebeenunfair,andthatCuriel"happenstobe,webelieve,Mexican,whichisgreat.Ithink
that'sfine",[125]whilesuggestingthatthejudge'sethnicityposedaconflictofinterestinlightofTrump's
proposaltobuildawallontheUnitedStatesMexicanborder.[124][126][127][128]Manylegalexpertswerecritical
ofTrump'sattacksonCuriel,oftenviewingthemasraciallycharged,unfounded,andanaffronttotheconcept
ofanindependentjudiciary.[129][130][131]OnJune7,2016,Trumpissuedalengthystatementsayingthathis
criticismofthejudgehadbeen"misconstrued"andthathisconcernsaboutCuriel'simpartialitywerenotbased
uponethnicityalone,butalsouponrulingsinthecase.[132][133]
DonaldJ.TrumpFoundation
TheDonaldJ.TrumpFoundationisaU.S.basedprivatefoundation[134]establishedin1988fortheinitial
purposeofgivingawayproceedsfromthebookTrump:TheArtoftheDealbyTrumpandTony
Schwartz.[135][136]Thefoundation'sfundsmostlycomefromdonorsotherthanTrump,[137]whohasnotgiven
personallytothecharitysince2008.[137]Thetopdonorstothefoundationfrom2004to2014wereVinceand
LindaMcMahonofWorldWrestlingEntertainment,whodonated$5milliontothefoundationafterTrump
appearedatWrestleManiain2007.[137]
Thefoundation'staxreturnsshowthatithasgiventohealthcareandsportsrelatedcharities,aswellas
conservativegroups.[138]In2009,forexample,thefoundationgave$926,750toabout40groups,withthe
biggestdonationsgoingtotheArnoldPalmerMedicalCenterFoundation($100,000),theNewYork
PresbyterianHospital($125,000),thePoliceAthleticLeague($156,000),andtheClintonFoundation
($100,000).[139][140]
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Startingin2016TheWashingtonPostbeganreportingonhowthefoundationraisedandgrantedmoney.The
Postuncoveredseveralpotentiallegalandethicalviolations,suchasallegedselfdealingandpossibletax
evasion.[141]TheNewYorkStateAttorneyGeneralisinvestigatingthefoundation"tomakesureitis
complyingwiththelawsgoverningcharitiesinNewYork."[142][143]ATrumpspokesmancalledthe
investigationa"partisanhitjob".[142]OnOctober3,2016,theNewYorkAttorneyGeneral'sofficenotifiedthe
TrumpFoundationthatitwasallegedlyinviolationofNewYorklawsregardingcharities,andordereditto
immediatelyceaseitsfundraisingactivities"inNewYork".[144]
Brandingandlicensing
Trumphasmarketedhisnameonalargenumberofbuildingprojectsaswell
ascommercialproductsandservices,achievingmixedsuccessdoingsofor
himself,hispartners,andinvestorsintheprojects.[145][146][nb1]In2011,
Forbes'financialexpertsestimatedthevalueoftheTrumpbrandat
$200million.Trumpdisputedthisvaluation,sayinghisbrandwasworth
about$3billion.[165]
ManydeveloperspayTrumptomarkettheirpropertiesandtobethepublic
TrumpIcebottledwater
facefortheirprojects.[166]Forthatreason,Trumpdoesnotownmanyofthe
buildingsthatdisplayhisname.[166]AccordingtoForbes,thisportionof
Trump'sempire,actuallyrunbyhischildren,isbyfarhismostvaluable,havinga$562millionvaluation.
AccordingtoForbes,thereare33licensingprojectsunderdevelopmentincludingseven"condohotels"(the
sevenTrumpInternationalHotelandTowerdevelopments).InJune2015,ForbespeggedtheTrumpbrandat
$125million[167]asretailerslikeMacy'sInc.andSertaMattressesbegandroppingTrumpbranded
products.[168][169]
Incomeandtaxes
PursuanttotheFECregulations,Trumppublisheda92pagefinancialdisclosureformlistingallhisassets,
liabilities,incomesourcesandhundredsofbusinesspositions.[84]AccordingtoaJuly2015campaignpress
release,Trump'sincomefortheyear2014was$362million.[170]However,Trumphasrepeatedlydeclinedto
publiclyreleaseanyofhisfulltaxreturns,citingapendingIRSaudit.[171]
InOctober2016,itwasrevealedthatTrumphadclaimedalossof$916milliononhis1995taxreturns.Asnet
operatinglossesfromoneyearcanbeappliedtooffsetincomefromfutureyears,thislossallowedhimto
reduceoreliminatehistaxableincomeduringtheeighteenyearcarryforwardperiod.[172]Trump
acknowledgedusingthedeductonbutdeclinedtoprovidedetailssuchasthespecificyearsitwasapplied.[173]
TheNewYorkTimesfoundthatsomeaccountantsconsideredTrump'staxdeductionmethodsintheearly1990s
"legallydubious".[174]Independenttaxexpertsstatedthat"Whateverloopholeexistedwasnotexploitedhere,
butstretchedbeyondanyrecognition"andthatitinvolved"sleightofhand",furtherspeculatingthatTrump's
casinobankruptcieswereprobablyrelatedtoTrump's1995reportedloss.[175]
Networth
In2016,ForbesestimatedTrump'snetworthat$3.7billion,andBloomberg$3billion.[178][179]Theseestimates
wouldmakehimoneoftherichestpoliticiansinAmericanhistory.Hehasoftengivenmuchhigherestimates,
sometimesover$10billion,withthediscrepancydueinparttotheuncertaintyofappraisedpropertyvalues,as
wellashisownassessmentofthevalueofhispersonalbrand.[178][180]Asof2016,Forbesrankedhimthe
156thwealthiestpersonintheU.S.[179]andthe324thwealthiestintheworld.[181]
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OnJune16,2015,justpriortoannouncinghiscandidacyforpresident
oftheUnitedStates,Trumpreleasedaonepagefinancialstatement
"fromabigaccountingfirmoneofthemostrespected"[182]statinga
networthof$8,737,540,000.[183]"I'mreallyrich",Trumpsaid.[182]
Forbesbelievedhisclaimof$9billionwas"awhopper,"figuringitwas
actually$4.1billion.[184]InJune2015,BusinessInsiderpublished
Trump'sBoeing757,nicknamed
Trump'sJune2014financialstatement,notingthat$3.3billionofthat
"TrumpForceOne"duringTrump's
totalisrepresentedby"RealEstateLicensingDeals,BrandandBranded
2016presidentialcampaign[176][177]
Developments",describedbyBusinessInsideras"basically[implying]
thatTrumpvalueshischaracterat$3.3billion."[185]InJuly2015,
federalelectionregulatorsreleasednewdetailsofTrump'sselfreportedwealthandfinancialholdingswhenhe
becameaRepublicanpresidentialcandidate,reportingthathisassetsareworthabove$1.4billion,which
includesatleast$70millioninstocks,andadebtofatleast$265million.[186]AccordingtoBloomberg,forthe
purposesofTrump'sFECfilingsTrump"onlyreportedrevenuefor[his]golfpropertiesinhiscampaignfilings
eventhoughthedisclosureformasksforincome",notingindependentfilingsshowingallthreeofhismajor
Europeangolfpropertieswereunprofitable.[178]
TrumpHotelLasVegas
whoseexteriorwindowsare
gildedwith24karat
TrumpwaslistedontheinitialForbesListofwealthyindividualsin1982as
havinganestimated$200millionfortune,includingashareofhisfather's
estimated$200millionnetworth.[188]Afterseveralyearsonthelist,Trump's
financiallossesinthe1980scausedhimtobedroppedfrom1990to1995,and
reportedlyobligedhimtoborrowfromhissiblings'trustsin1993[188]in2005,
TimothyL.O'BrienfromtheTheNewYorkTimesreferredtoTrump's"verbal
billions"inaskepticalarticleaboutTrump'sselfreportedwealth.[188]Claiming
libel,Trumpsuedthereporter(andhisbookpublisher)for$5billion,lostthe
case,andthenlostagainonappealTrumprefusedtoturnoverhisunredacted
taxreturnsdespitehisassertiontheysupportedhiscase.[189]Inasworn
deposition,Trumptestifiedthatheonceborrowed$9.6millionfromhisfather,
callingit"averysmallamountofmoney",butcouldnotrecallwhenhedid
so[190]Trumphassincetoldcampaignaudienceshebeganhiscareerwith"a
smallloanofonemilliondollars"fromhisfather,[190]whichhepaidbackwith
interest:"ithasnotbeeneasyforme",TrumptoldoneNewHampshire
crowd.[191]
gold[187]
ForbesreduceditsestimateofTrump'snetworthby$125millionfollowing
Trump'scontroversial2015remarksaboutMexicanillegalimmigrants,which
endedTrump'sbusinesscontractswithNBCUniversal,Univision,Macy's,Serta,PVHCorporation,and
Perfumania.[192]
ThevalueoftheTrumpbrandmayhavefallenduetohispresidentialcampaign.Someconsumerssaytheyare
avoidingpurchasingTrumpbrandedproductsandservicesasaprotestagainstTrumpandhiscampaign.[193]
BookingsandfoottrafficatTrumpbrandedhotelsandcasinosfelloffsharplyin2016,primarilydrivenbya
decreaseinvisitstothepropertiesbywomen.[194][195]FollowingthereleaseoftheAccessHollywoodtape
recordingsinOctober2016,thevalueoftheTrumpbrandwasreportedtohavetakenafurtherhit,with
estimatesofthereductioninthebrand'saddedvalueofupto13percentagepoints.[196][197]
Entertainmentandmedia
TrumphastwicebeennominatedforanEmmyAwardandhasmadecameoappearancesin12filmsand14
televisionseries.[198]HehasalsoplayedanoiltycooninTheLittleRascals.TrumpisamemberoftheScreen
ActorsGuildandreceivesanannualpensionofmorethan$110,000.[199][200]Hehasbeenthesubjectof
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comedians,flashcartoonartists,andonlinecaricatureartists.Trumpalsohadhisowndailytalkradioprogram
calledTrumped![201][202][203]
TheApprentice
In2003,TrumpbecametheexecutiveproducerandhostoftheNBCreality
showTheApprentice,inwhichagroupofcompetitorsbattledforahighlevel
managementjobinoneofTrump'scommercialenterprises.Contestantswere
successively"fired"andeliminatedfromthegame.In2004,Trumpfileda
trademarkapplicationforthecatchphrase"You'refired."[1][2][3]
Forthefirstyearoftheshow,Trumpearned$50,000perepisode(roughly
$700,000forthefirstseason),butfollowingtheshow'sinitialsuccess,hewas
paid$1millionperepisode.[204]InaJuly2015pressrelease,Trump'scampaign
managerclaimedthatNBCUniversalhadpaidhim$213,606,575forhis14
seasonshostingtheshow,[170]althoughthenetworkdidnotverifytheclaim.[205]
In2007,TrumpreceivedastarontheHollywoodWalkofFameforhis
contributiontotelevision(TheApprentice).[146][206]Thestarhasbeentargeted
byvandalsmultipletimesthemostrecentcasewasinOctober2016.[207]
AlongwithBritishTVproducerMarkBurnett,TrumpwashiredashostofThe
CelebrityApprentice,inwhichcelebritiescompetetowinmoneyfortheir
charities.WhileTrumpandBurnettcoproducedtheshow,Trumpstayedinthe
forefront,decidingwinnersand"firing"losers.
Trumpposingwithguest
basketballpersonalityDennis
Rodman,duringRodman's
2009participationon
CelebrityApprentice
OnFebruary16,2015,NBCannouncedthattheywouldberenewingTheApprenticefora15thseason.[208]On
February27,Trumpstatedthathewas"notready"tosignonforanotherseasonbecauseofthepossibilityofa
presidentialrun.[209]Despitethis,onMarch18,NBCannouncedtheyweregoingaheadwithproduction.[210]
OnJune29,afterwidespreadnegativereactionstemmingfromTrump'scampaignannouncementspeech,NBC
releasedastatementsaying,"DuetotherecentderogatorystatementsbyDonaldTrumpregardingimmigrants,
NBCUniversalisendingitsbusinessrelationshipwithMr.Trump,"apparentlyendingTrump'sroleinThe
Apprentice.[211]
TrumpModelManagement
In1999,Trumpfoundedamodelingcompany,TrumpModelManagement,whichoperatesintheSoHo
neighborhoodofLowerManhattan.[212]TogetherwithanotherTrumpcompany,TrumpManagementGroup
LLC,TrumpModelManagementhasbroughtnearly250foreignfashionmodelsintotheUnitedStatestowork
inthefashionindustrysince2000.[213]In2014,presidentofTrumpModelManagementCorrineNicolas,other
managers,andthecompanyweresuedbyoneoftheagency'sformermodels,AlexiaPalmer,alleging
racketeering,breachofcontract,mailfraud,andviolatingimmigrantwagelaws.[214]Thecasewasdismissed
fromU.S.federalcourtinMarch2016.[215]
Professionalwrestling
TrumpisaWWE(WorldWrestlingEntertainment)fan,andafriendofWWEownerVinceMcMahon.Hehas
hostedtwoWrestleManiaeventsintheTrumpPlazaandhasbeenanactiveparticipantinseveralofthe
shows.[216]Trump'sTajMahalinAtlanticCitywashosttothe1991WBFChampionship(whichwasownedby
WWE,knownatthetimeasthe"WorldWrestlingFederation").HealsoappearedinWrestleManiaVII.Hewas
interviewedbyJesseVenturaringsideatWrestleManiaXX.[217]
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TrumpappearedatWrestleMania23inamatchcalled"TheBattleoftheBillionaires."[216]Hewasinthe
cornerofBobbyLashley,whileVinceMcMahonwasinthecornerofLashley'sopponentUmagawithStone
ColdSteveAustinasthespecialguestreferee.[216]ThedealwasthateitherTrumporMcMahonwouldhave
theirheadshavediftheircompetitorlost.[216]Lashleywonthematch,andsoMcMahongotthehaircut.[216]
OnJune15,2009,aspartofastoryline,McMahonannouncedonMondayNightRawthathehad"sold"the
showtoTrump.[216]Appearingonscreen,Trumpdeclaredhewouldbeatthefollowingcommercialfree
episodeinpersonandwouldgiveafullrefundtothepeoplewhopurchasedticketstothearenaforthatnight's
show.[216]McMahon"boughtback"Rawthefollowingweekfortwicetheprice.[216]
TrumpwasinductedintothecelebritywingoftheWWEHallofFamein2013atMadisonSquareGardenfor
hiscontributionstothepromotion.HemadehissixthWrestleManiaappearancethenextnight.[218]
Politics
Trumphasdescribedhispoliticalleaningsandpositionsinvariouswaysovertime.[219][220][221]Politicohas
describedhispositionsas"eclectic,improvisationalandoftencontradictory".[221]Hehaslistedseveraldifferent
partyaffiliationsovertheyears[221][222]andhasalsorunasaReformPartycandidate.[222]Thepositionsthathe
hasrevisedorreversedincludestancesonprogressivetaxation,abortion,andgovernmentinvolvementin
healthcare.[221]
Politicalaffiliations
Trump'spartyaffiliationhaschangedovertheyears.Althoughhisparty
affiliationpriorto1987isunclear,Trumpwasanearlysupporterof
RepublicanRonaldReaganforUnitedStatesPresidentinthelate
1970s.[223]By1987,heidentifiedasaRepublican.[224]In1999,Trump
switchedtotheReformPartyforthreeyearsandranapresidential
exploratorycampaignforitsnomination.Afterhisrun,Trumpleftthe
partyin2001duetotheinvolvementofDavidDuke,PatBuchanan,and
LenoraFulaniwithintheparty.[225]
WithPresidentRonaldReaganat
From2001to2008,hewasaDemocratbut,in2008,heendorsed
WhiteHousereceptionin1987
RepublicanJohnMcCainforPresidentandofficiallychangedhisparty
registrationtoRepublicanin2009.[226]InDecember2011,Trump
becameanIndependentforfivemonthsbeforereturningtotheRepublicanParty,wherehehaspledgedto
stay.[227][228]
TrumphasmadecontributionstocampaignsofbothRepublicanPartyandDemocraticPartycandidates,with
thetoptenrecipientsofhispoliticalcontributionsbeingsixDemocratsandfourRepublicans.[229]After2011,
hiscampaigncontributionsweremorefavorabletoRepublicansthantoDemocrats.[230]InFebruary2012,
TrumpendorsedRepublicanMittRomneyforPresident.[231]Whenaskedin2015whichrecentPresidenthe
prefers,TrumppickedDemocratBillClintonovertheRepublicanBushes.[232][233]
AccordingtoaNewYorkstatereport,Trumpcircumventedcorporateandpersonalcampaigndonationlimitsin
the1980salthoughnolawswerebrokenbydonatingmoneytocandidatesfrom18differentbusiness
subsidiaries,ratherthandonatingprimarilyinhisownname.[234][235]Trumptoldinvestigatorshedidsoonthe
adviceofhislawyers.Healsosaidthecontributionswerenottocurryfavorwithbusinessfriendlycandidates,
butsimplytosatisfyrequestsfromfriends.[234][236]
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Involvementinpolitics,19882015
Trumpfloatedtheideaofrunningforpresidentin1988,2004,and2012,and
forGovernorofNewYorkin2006and2014,butdidnotenterthose
races.[239][240]HewasconsideredasapotentialrunningmateforGeorgeH.W.
BushontheRepublicanParty's1988presidentialticketbutlostouttofuture
VicePresidentDanQuayle.ThereisdisputeoverwhetherTrumportheBush
campmadetheinitialpitch.[241]
In1999,Trumpfiledanexploratorycommitteetoseekthepresidential
nominationoftheReformPartyin2000.[225][242]AJuly1999pollmatching
himagainstlikelyRepublicannomineeGeorgeW.BushandlikelyDemocratic
nomineeAlGoreshowedTrumpwithsevenpercentsupport.[243]Trump
eventuallydroppedoutoftheraceduetopartyinfighting,butstillwonthe
party'sCaliforniaandMichiganprimariesafterdoingso.[244][245][246][247]
InFebruary2009,TrumpappearedonTheLateShowwithDavidLetterman,
andspokeabouttheautomotiveindustrycrisisof200810.Hesaidthat
"insteadofaskingformoney",GeneralMotors"shouldgointobankruptcyand
workthatstuffoutinadeal".[248]
Trumpfirstexpressed
interestinrunningforoffice
in1987,whenhespent
$100,000toplacefullpage
adscritiquingU.S.defense
policyinseveral
newspapers. [237][238]
AsTrumppubliclyspeculatedaboutseekingthe2012Republicanpresidential
nomination,aWallStreetJournal/NBCNewspollreleasedinMarch2011
foundTrumpleadingamongpotentialcontenders,onepointaheadofformer
MassachusettsGovernorMittRomney.[249]ANewsweekpollconductedinFebruary2011showedTrump
withinafewpointsofBarackObama,withmanyvotersundecidedintheNovember2012generalelectionfor
presidentoftheUnitedStates.[250]ApollreleasedinApril2011byPublicPolicyPollingshowedTrump
havinganinepointleadinapotentialcontestfortheRepublicannominationforpresidentwhilehewasstill
activelyconsideringarun.[251][252]Hismoveswereinterpretedbysomemediaaspossiblepromotionaltoolsfor
hisrealityshowTheApprentice.[253][254][255]
Trumpplayedaleadingroleinlongstanding"birther"conspiracy
theories.[256][257]BeginninginMarch2011,Trumppubliclyquestioned
BarackObama'scitizenshipandeligibilitytoserveas
President.[258][259][260]AlthoughObamahadreleasedhisbirthcertificate
in2008,[261]Trumpclaimedthatitwasmissing.[262]anddemandedto
seeit.[258]TrumpsaidthathehadsentinvestigatorstoHawaiito
researchthequestion,buthedidnotfollowupwithanyfindings.[258]
HealsorepeatedadebunkedallegationthatObama'sgrandmothersaid
TrumpspeakingattheConservative
shehadwitnessedhisbirthinKenya.[263][264]WhentheWhiteHouse
PoliticalActionConferencein2011
laterreleasedObama'slongformbirthcertificate,[261]Trumptook
creditforobtainingthedocument,saying"Ihopeitchecksout."[265]His
officialbiographymentionshispurportedroleinforcingObama'shand,[266]andhehasdefendedhispursuitof
theissuewhenprompted.In2013hesaid,"Idon'tthinkIwentoverboard.Actually,Ithinkitmademevery
popular."[267]Whenaskedin2015whetherObamawasbornintheUnitedStates,Trumpsaidhedidnotwant
todiscussitfurther.[268][269]Earlier,TrumphadalsocalledforObamatoreleasehisstudentrecords,
questioningwhetherhisgradeswarrantedentryintoanIvyLeagueschool.[270]InSeptember2016,Trump
publiclyacknowledgedthatObamawasbornintheU.S.,andfalselyclaimedthatrumorstothecontraryhad
beenstartedbyHillaryClintonduringher2008presidentialcampaign.[259]
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Inthe2012Republicanprimaries,Trumpgenerallyhadpolledatorbelow17percentamongthecrowdedfield
ofpossiblecandidates.[271]OnMay16,2011,Trumpannouncedhewouldnotrunforpresidentinthe2012
election,whilealsosayinghewouldhavewon.[253]
In2013,TrumpwasafeaturedspeakerattheConservativePoliticalActionConference(CPAC).[272]During
thelightlyattendedearlymorningspeech,TrumpsaidthatPresidentObamagets"unprecedentedmedia
protection,"hespokeagainstillegalimmigration,andadvisedagainstharmingMedicare,MedicaidandSocial
Security.[273][274]
Alsoin2013,hespentover$1milliontoresearchapossiblerunforpresidentoftheUnitedStates.[275]In
October2013,NewYorkRepublicanscirculatedamemosuggestingTrumpshouldrunforgovernorofthestate
in2014,againstAndrewCuomoTrumpsaidinresponsethatwhileNewYorkhadproblemsandtaxeswere
toohigh,runningforgovernorwasnotofgreatinteresttohim.[276]Healsomadestatementsdenyingclimate
changethatwerediscordantwiththeopinionofthescientificcommunity.[277]InFebruary2015,Trumpsaidhe
toldNBCthathewasnotpreparedtosignonforanotherseasonofTheApprenticeatthattime,ashemulledhis
politicalfuture.[278]
Presidentialcampaign,2016
OnJune16,2015,TrumpannouncedhiscandidacyforPresidentofthe
UnitedStatesatTrumpTowerinNewYorkCity.Inthespeech,Trump
drewattentiontodomesticissuessuchasillegalimmigration,offshoring
ofAmericanjobs,theU.S.nationaldebt,andIslamicterrorism,which
allremainedlargethemesduringthecampaign.Healsoannouncedhis
campaignslogan,"MakeAmericaGreatAgain."[279]
Trumpranasaselfdescribedconservative,particularlyinsocialand
religiousmatters.HiscampaignemphasizedAmericanpatriotism,with
adisdainfornotionssuchaspoliticalcorrectnessandmediabias.[280]In
partduetohisfame,Trump'srunforpresidentreceivedan
unprecedentedamountofmediaattention.[281]
TrumpcampaigninginPhoenix,
Arizona,inAugust2016
RepublicanleaderssuchasHouseSpeakerPaulRyanwerehesitanttosupporthimearlyon.Theydoubtedhis
chancesofwinningthegeneralelectionandfearedhecouldharmtheimageoftheRepublicanParty.[282][283]
ThealtrightmovementcoalescedaroundTrump'scandidacy,[284]dueinparttoitsoppositionto
multiculturalismandimmigration.[285][286]Trumpwasaccusedofpanderingtowhitenationalists.[287]Some
ralliesduringtheprimaryseasonwereaccompaniedbyprotestsorviolence,includingattacksonprotesters
insidetherallies,andclashesbetweenprotestersandTrumpsupportersoutsidethevenues.[288][289][290]
FactcheckingorganizationshavedenouncedTrumpformakingarecordnumberoffalsestatementscompared
toothercandidates.[291][292][293]AtleastfourmajorpublicationsPolitico,TheWashingtonPost,TheNew
YorkTimes,andtheLosAngelesTimespointedoutlies,whoppers,orfalsehoodsinhiscampaign
statements.[294]Trump'spenchantforexaggeratingmayhaverootsintheworldofNewYorkrealestatewhere
hemadehisfortune,andwherehyperboleisawayoflifeTrumpcallsit"truthfulhyperbole".[295][296]Lucas
Graves,aprofessorattheUniversityofWisconsinMadisonSchoolofJournalism&MassCommunication,
saysthatTrumpoftenspeaksinasuggestivewaythatmakesitunclearwhatexactlyhemeant,sothatfact
checkers"havetobereallycarefulwhenyoupickclaimstocheck."[297]
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Trumphasstatedthatthemediahasintentionallymisinterpretedhiswords.[298][299]TheNewYorkTimes
reportedinAugust2016thatjournalisticstandardsnormallypreventmainstream,nonopinionjournalistsfrom
becomingoppositionalagainstaparticularcandidate,butopinedthattheTrumpcampaignwas"not
normal".[300]
Primaries
Trumpenteredalargefieldofcandidatesagainst16otherRepublicanscampaigningforthenomination,the
largestpresidentialfieldinAmericanhistory.[301]TrumpparticipatedinelevenofthetwelveRepublican
debates,skippingonlytheseventhdebateonJanuary28(thatwasthelastdebatebeforeprimaryvotingbegan
onFebruary1).Thedebatesreceivedhistoricallyhighviewership,increasingthevisibilityofTrump's
campaign.[302]
Byearly2016,theracehadmostlycenteredonDonaldTrumpandU.S.SenatorTedCruz.[303]OnSuper
Tuesday,Trumpwonthemajorityofthevoteandremainedthefrontrunnerthroughouttheprimaries.By
March2016,Trumpreachedover50%innationalsupportfromRepublicanprimaryvotersandbecamepoised
towintheRepublicannomination.[304]AfteralandslidewininIndianaonMay3,2016,whichpromptedthe
remainingcandidatesTedCruzandJohnKasichtosuspendtheirpresidentialcampaigns,RNCChairman
ReincePriebusdeclaredTrumpthepresumptiveRepublicannominee.[305]Withnearly14millionvotes,Trump
brokethealltimerecordforwinningthemostprimaryvotesinthehistoryoftheRepublicanParty.[306]
Generalelectioncampaign
AfterbecomingthepresumptiveRepublicannominee,Trump'sfocusshiftedtothegeneralelection,urging
remainingprimaryvotersto"save[their]voteforthegeneralelection."[307]TrumpbegantargetingHillary
Clinton,whobecamethepresumptiveDemocraticnomineeonJune6,2016,andcontinuedtocampaignacross
thecountry.OnemonthbeforetheRepublicanNationalConvention,SecretServiceagentsthwartedan
assassinationattemptonTrumpbya20yearoldBritishmanillegallyresidingintheU.S.duringoneofhis
ralliesinLasVegas.[308]
ClintonhadestablishedasignificantleadinnationalpollsoverTrump
throughoutmostof2016.InearlyJuly,Clinton'sleadnarrowedin
nationalpollingaveragesfollowingtheFBI'sconclusionofits
investigationintoherongoingemailcontroversy.[309][310][311]FBI
DirectorJamesComeyconcludedClintonhadbeen"extremely
careless"inherhandlingofclassifiedgovernmentmaterial.[312]
TrumpacceptingtheRepublican
nominationattheRNC,July2016
OnJuly15,2016,TrumpannouncedIndianaGovernorMikePenceas
hisrunningmate.[313]TrumpandPencewereofficiallynominatedby
theRepublicanPartyonJuly19,2016,attheRepublicanNational
Convention.[314]Thelistofconventionspeakersandattendeesincluded
formerpresidentialnomineeBobDolebuttheotherpriornomineesdid
notattend,thoughJohnMcCainendorsedTrumppriortothe
convention.[315][316]
Twodayslater,Trumpofficiallyacceptedthenominationina76minutespeechinspiredbyRichardNixon's
1968acceptancespeech.[317]Thehistoricallylongspeechwaswatchedbynearly35millionpeopleand
receivedmixedreviews,withnetnegativeviewerreactionsaccordingtoCNNandGalluppolls.[318][319][320]
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InlateJuly,TrumpcameclosetoClintoninnationalpollsfollowinga3to4percentagepointconvention
bounce,inlinewiththeaveragebounceinconventionssince2004,althoughitwastowardthesmallsideby
historicalstandards.[321]FollowingClinton's7percentconventionbounce,sheextendedherleadsignificantly
innationalpollsatthestartofAugust.[322][323]
Trumphasdeclinedtopubliclyreleaseanyofhisfulltaxreturns,[324]whichledtospeculationaboutwhether
hewashidingsomething.[325]Trumpsaidthathistaxreturnsarebeingauditedandhislawyersadviseagainst
release.[326][327]Highincomeindividualsareauditedmorefrequentlythantheaveragetaxpayer,butitis
unusualforanindividualtobeauditedforseveralconsecutiveyears.[327]Trumphastoldthenewsmediathat
histaxratewas"noneofyourbusiness,"butadded,"Ifightveryhardtopayaslittletaxaspossible".[328][329]
EverycandidatesinceGeraldFordin1976releasedtheirtaxesbeforetheelection.[330]Althoughnolaw
prohibitsreleaseoftaxreturnsduringanaudit,taxattorneysdifferaboutwhethersuchareleaseiswiselegal
strategy.[331][332]
Generalelectiondebates
OnSeptember26,2016,DonaldTrumpandHillaryClintonfacedoffinthefirstpresidentialdebateatHofstra
UniversityinHempstead,NewYork.LesterHolt,ananchorwithNBCNews,wasthemoderator.[333]Thiswas
themostwatchedpresidentialdebateinUnitedStateshistory.[334]Thesecondpresidentialdebatewasheldat
WashingtonUniversityinSaintLouis,Missouri.Muchofthenarrativeofthatdebatewasdominatedbya
leakedtapeofTrumpmakinglewdcomments(seebelow),andcounteraccusationsbyTrumpofsexual
misconductbyBillClinton.TrumphadinvitedfourwomenwhohadaccusedClintonofimproprietytoapress
conferencepriortothedebate.ThefinalpresidentialdebatewasheldattheUniversityofNevada,LasVegason
October19.Trump'srefusaltosaywhetherhewouldaccepttheresultoftheelectiondrewparticularpress
attention.[335][336]
Sexualmisconductallegations
Twodaysbeforethesecondpresidentialdebate,a2005recordingsurfaced,madeonastudiobuswhile
preparingtofilmanepisodeofAccessHollywood.Onthetape,Trumpisheardbraggingaboutforciblykissing
andgropingwomenwiththeshow'sthencohostBillyBush.[337][338][339]"Ijuststartkissingthem",hesays,"I
don'tevenwait.Andwhenyou'reastar,theyletyoudoit,youcandoanything...grabthembythepussy."[340]
Healsospeaksofhiseffortstoseduceamarriedwoman,sayinghe"movedonherveryheavily."[340]
Trump'slanguagewasdescribedbythemediaas"vulgar","sexist",anddescriptiveofsexualassault.The
incidentpromptedhimtomakehisfirstpublicapologyduringthecampaign,[341][342]andcausedoutrageacross
thepoliticalspectrum,[343][344]withmanyRepublicanswithdrawingtheirendorsementsofhiscandidacyand
someurginghimtoquittherace.[345]Subsequently,atleast15women[346]cameforwardwithaccusationsof
sexualmisconductincludingunwantedkissingandgroping,resultinginwidespreadmediacoverage.[347][348]
Trumpandhiscampaignhavedeniedallofthesecharges,andthreatenedthattheyhavebegundraftinga
lawsuitagainstTheNewYorkTimesforlibel.[349][350]Hehascalledthem"falsesmears"andalleged"a
conspiracyagainst[...]theAmericanpeople".[351]
Generalelection
OnNovember8,2016,Trumpwonthepresidencywith306electoralvotesto232receivedbyClinton.Trump
becamethefourthU.S.candidatetowintheElectoralCollegedespitereceivingfewerpopularvotesthanhis
opponent.[352]
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Trump'svictorywasseenasoneofthebiggestpolitical
upsetsinAmericanhistory,asnearlyallpollsatthetime
showedHillaryClintonwithamodestleadoverTrump.[353]
ThiswaslaterattributedtopollstersoverestimatingClinton's
supportamongwelleducatedandnonwhitevoters,while
underestimatingTrump'ssupportamongwhiteworkingclass
voters.[354]Trump'swinsimultaneouslymarkedthefirsttime
thatRepublicansgainedcontroloverboththeWhiteHouse
andCongresssince2006.[355]
Trump'svictoryspeech,November9,2016
Trumpwasthesecondmajorpartypresidentialnomineein
Americanhistorywhoseexperiencecomesprincipallyfromrunningabusiness(WendellWillkiewasthe
first).[356]Whenhetakesoffice,TrumpwillbecomethefirstUnitedStatesPresidentwithoutpriorgovernment
ormilitaryexperience,andthefirstwithoutpriorpoliticalexperiencesinceDwightD.Eisenhower.Trumpwill
alsobetheoldestfirsttermpresidentRonaldReaganwasolderwhenhetookofficeforasecondterm.[357]
IntheearlyhoursofNovember9,2016,TrumpreceivedaphonecallinwhichClintonconcededthepresidency
tohim.TrumpthendeliveredhisvictoryspeechbeforehundredsofsupportersintheHiltonHotelinNewYork
City.Thespeechwasinstarkcontrastwithhispreviousrhetoric,withTrumppromisingtohealthedivision
causedbytheelection,thankingClintonforherservicetothecountry,andpromisingtobeapresidenttoall
Americans.[358][359]Thefollowingday,TrumphadafirsttimemeetingwithPresidentObamatodiscussplans
forapeacefultransitionofpower.Themeetingwasnotablycordial,withTheNewYorkTimesstating:"Itwas
anextraordinaryshowofcordialityandrespectbetweentwomenwhohavebeenpoliticalenemiesandare
stylisticopposites."[360]
Politicalpositions
Trump'spoliticalpositionsarewidelydescribedbythemediaas
"populist".[361][362]Hehasdescribedhispoliticalpositionsinvarious
andoftencontradictorywaysovertime.[219][363]Trumpstated,"Ihave
evolvedonmanyissues.Therearesomeissuesthatareverymuchthe
same,I'vebeenconstantonmanyissues.ButIhaveevolvedoncertain
issues."[364]PolitiFact.comwrotethatitisdifficulttodetermine
Trump'sstanceonissues,givenhisfrequentchangesinpositionand
"hispenchantforusingconfusing,vagueandevencontradictory
language".[365]PolitiFact.comcountedatleast17timeswhenTrump
saidsomethingandthendeniedhavingsaidit.[366]
Trumpandhisrunningmate,Indiana
GovernorMikePence,July2016
Socialissues
Trumpdescribeshimselfasprolifeandgenerallyopposesabortionwithsomeexceptions:rape,incest,and
circumstancesendangeringthehealthofthemother.[367]TheSusanB.AnthonyList,anantiabortiongroup,
praisedTrump'slistofpotentialSupremeCourtnomineesas"exceptionallystrong",whileNARALProChoice
Americacalledthecandidatesonthelist"awoman'sworstnightmare".[368]Trumphasstatedthathesupports
"traditionalmarriage".[369]Heopposesthe2015Obergefellv.HodgesSupremeCourtrulingthatlegalized
samesexmarriagenationwide[369][370][371]andbelievesthedecisionshouldbelefttoindividualstates.[370]
Trumphadstatedthatifhewereelected,hewould"stronglyconsider"appointingSupremeCourtjusticesthat
wouldoverturntheruling.[372]
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TrumpsupportsabroadinterpretationoftheSecondAmendmentandsaysheisopposedtoguncontrolin
general,[373]althoughhisviewshaveshiftedovertime.[374]Hesupportsfixingthefederalbackgroundcheck
systemsothatcriminalandmentalhealthrecordsarealwaysputintothesystem.[375]Trumpopposeslegalizing
recreationalmarijuanabutsupportslegalizingmedicalmarijuana.[376]Trumpfavorscapital
punishment.[377][378]
Economicissues
Trump'scampaign'staxplancallsforreducingthecorporatetaxrateto15%,concurrentwiththeeliminationof
variousbusinessloopholesanddeductions.[379]Personalincometaxeswouldalsobereducedthetoprate
wouldbereducedfrom39.6%to25%,alarge"zerobracket"wouldbecreated,andthealternativeminimum
taxwouldbeeliminated,aswouldtheestatetax(whichcurrentlyappliestoindividualestatesover
$5.45millionor$10.9millionpermarriedcouple).[380]UnderTrump'seconomicplan,familieswithheadof
householdfilingstatusmakingbetween$20,000and$200,000,includingmanysingleparents,wouldpaymore
intaxesthanundercurrenttaxlaw,duetoTrump'seliminationofsomedeductionsandexemptions.[381][382]
Severalreportsassessthattheeconomywouldbe"diminished"byheavyjoblossesandrecessionunder
Trump'seconomicpolicies,[383][384][385]withalargenumberofeconomists,including19of32livingNobel
laureates,warningagainsthiseconomicpolicies.[386][387]TwoanalysesfindthatTrump'seconomicplanwill
havemixedresultsoneanalysisfindsthatTrump'splanwouldcreateshorttermeconomicgainsbutmajor
longtermeconomiclossesintermsofjobs,[388]andanotheranalysisfindsthattheplanwillcreate2.2million
jobs,amajorincreaseincapitalstockandsomewagegrowth,butbyincreasingfederaldebtbybetween$2.6
trillionand$3.9trillion.[389]
Trump'scommentsabouttheminimumwagehavebeeninconsistent:[390][391][392]hehassaidthatalow
minimumwageisgood[393]thattheminimumwageshouldnotberaised[394][395][396]thattheminimumwage
shouldberaised[397][398]thathewouldlikeanincrease,butthestatesshoulddotheincreasing[399][400]thathe
isagainstanyfederalminimumwagefloor[401]andthatheisinfavorofa$10federalminimumwage,but"let
thestatesmakethedeal".[402]
Trumpidentifiesasa"freetrader",butsaysthattrademustbe"reasonablyfair",andhasdescribedsupporters
ofinternationaltradedealsthataregoodforothercountriesbutnotgoodfortheUnitedStatesas"blood
suckers".[403][404][405]Hehasoftenbeenreferredtoas"protectionist".[406][407][408][409][410]HesaysNAFTAhas
beenthe"worsttradedealinhistory",andwouldaspresidenteitherrenegotiateorbreaktheNAFTA
agreement.[411][412]HeopposestheproposedTransPacificPartnership(TPP).[413]Trumpproposestoraise
tariffsonChineseexportstotheUnitedStatesby45%,andhasraisedtheideaofplacing35%tariffson
MexicanexportstotheUnitedStates.[414][415]TrumphascalledtheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)a
"disaster",[416]andfavorsrenegotiatingorleavingtheWTOunlessitallowshisproposedtariffincreases.[417]
ThedomesticandfiscalpoliciespromotedbyPresidentelectoftheUnitedStatesDonaldTrumpduringthe
20152016USpresidentialcampaignhavesometimesbeencalledTrumponomics,echoingearlier
designationsofeconomicdoctrinesspearheadedbynewlyelectedAmericanpresidentsmostfamously
Reaganomics.
Healthcare,educationandenvironment
TrumpfavorsrepealingandreplacingtheAffordableCareAct("Obamacare")withadifferentfreemarketplan
thatwouldallowhealthinsurancetobesoldacrossstatelines,enableindividualstodeducthealthinsurance
premiums,expandhealthsavingsaccounts,andgivemorecontrolofMedicaidtothestates.[418]Hehasvoiced
supportforasinglepayerhealthcaresysteminthepast,butdistancedhimselffromtheideaduringhis2016
campaign.[419]InOctober2016hefalselysaidthathehadsaidtheACAwasa"disaster"sincebeforeitwas
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passedbyCongress.[420]HesaidinJune2009thathelovedtheidea,butquestionedwhetherthecountrycould
affordit.[421]TrumpfavorsgettingridofbacklogsandwaitliststhatarethefocusoftheVeteransHealth
Administrationscandal,andbelievesthatVeteransAffairsfacilitiesneedtobeupgraded.[422]
Trumphasstatedhissupportforschoolchoiceandlocalcontrolforprimaryandsecondaryschools.[423]He
opposestheCommonCoreStateStandardsInitiativeforprimaryandsecondaryschools,[424]andhascalled
CommonCore"adisaster"thatmustbeended.[425]HehasstatedhewouldabolishallorpartoftheDepartment
ofEducation.[426]
Trumprejectsthescientificconsensusonclimatechange,[427][428]repeatedlycontendingthatglobalwarmingis
a"hoax."[369][429]TrumphassaidthattheEPAisa"disgrace"andhaspromisedtocutitsbudget.[430]Hehas
pledgedto"canceltheParisClimateAgreement",whichcallsforreductionsincarbonemissionsinmorethan
170countries,claimingittreatstheUnitedStatesunfairlyandgivesfavorabletreatmenttocountrieslike
China.[431]WithMyronEbell,Trumphasnominatedanoutspokenclimatechangedenierasheadofthefuture
EPAtransitionteam.[432]
Foreignpolicy
Trumphasbeendescribedasnoninterventionalist[433][434]andnationalist.[435]Trumphasrepeatedlystatedthat
hesupports"AmericaFirst"foreignpolicy,thoughheisnotlinkedtothehistoricalisolationistAmericaFirst
Party(1944)orthedefunctpaleoconservativeAmericaFirstParty(2002).[436]HesupportsincreasingUnited
Statesmilitarydefensespending,[435]butfavorsdecreasingUnitedStatesspendingonNATOandinthePacific
region.[437]HesaysAmericashouldlookinward,stop"nationbuilding",andreorientitsresourcestoward
domesticneeds.[434]Hequestionswhetherhe,aspresident,wouldautomaticallyextendsecurityguaranteesto
NATOmembers,[438]andsuggeststhathemightleaveNATOunlesschangesaremadetothealliance.[439]
TrumphascalledforJapantopayforthecostsofAmericantroopsstationedthereandthatitmightneedto
developnuclearweaponsinordertoprotectitselffromNorthKorea.[413][440]
InordertoconfrontISIS,Trumpin2015calledforseizingtheoilin
ISISoccupiedareas,usingU.S.airpowerandgroundtroops.[441]In
2016,Trumpadvocatedsending20,000to30,000U.S.troopstothe
region,[219][442][443]apositionheretracted.[444]Hehassincearguedthat
regionalalliesoftheU.S.,suchasSaudiArabiashouldprovidetroops
inthefight.[445]HealsobelievesthatoilfieldsinISIScontrolledareas
shouldbebombed.[445]Hesupportstheuseofwaterboarding,aformof
torture,andhassaidhewould"bringbackahellofalotworse".[446][447]
Trumpandformergovernorof
Trumpwouldaspresidentdismantletheinternationalnuclearagreement
Alaska,SarahPalin,January2016
withIran.[448]RegardingtheIsraeliPalestinianconflict,Trumphas
statedtheimportanceofbeinganeutralpartyduringpotential
negotiations,whilealsohavingstatedthatheis"abigfanofIsrael."[449]HesupportsIsraelisettlement
constructionintheWestBank.[450]
Duringhis2016Presidentialcampaign,TrumprepeatedlyclaimedthatheopposedtheIraqWarevenbeforeit
waslaunched,althoughhispublicpositionhadbeenunclearatthetime.[451][452]In2002,whenaskedwhether
hesupportedinvadingIraq,Trumpresponded,"Yeah,Iguessso"andadded"Iwishthefirsttimeitwasdone
correctly"inreferencetotheGulfWarof19901991.[451][453]Shortlybeforethe2003invasion,hesaid:"Well,
[Bush's]eithergottodosomethingornotdosomething,perhaps.[]Andperhapsweshouldbewaitingfor
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theUnitedNations."[454][455]Trumppubliclyreferredtothewarasa"mess"withinaweekafteritbegan,and
by2004hesaidhewasopposedtoit.[453]Since2004,hehasrepeatedlycriticizedthewar,especiallyduringthe
primarydebateswithJebBush.[456][457]
TrumphasattimesduringhispresidentialcampaignstatedthattheAfghanistanWarwasamistake,andat
othertimesstatedthatitwasnecessary.[458]HesupportskeepingalimitednumberofUnitedStatestroops
there.[458]Trumpwasastrongsupporterofthe2011militaryinterventioninLibyaatthetime.[459][460]Hehas
sincethenreversedhispositionseveraltimes,sayingfinallyinJune2016thathewouldhavesupported
"surgical"bombingagainstGaddafi.[459][460][461]
TrumpwouldconsiderrecognizingCrimeaasRussianterritoryandliftingsanctionsonRussia.[462][463]He
addedthatRussiacouldhelptheUnitedStatesinfightingISISmilitants.[464]Inthesameinterview,Trump
sarcastically[465]statedthathehopedRussiawouldunearthHillaryClinton'smissingemailsfromhertimeas
SecretaryofState.[466]
Immigrationpolicies
Trump'simmigrationpolicieshavebeenamonghismosthighlydiscussedpoliciesduringthecampaign.Some
ofhisproposalshavecomeunderscrutinybyseveralexpertsonimmigrationwhoquestiontheeffectiveness
andaffordabilityofhisplans.[467][468]TrumpvowstobuildasubstantialwallontheMexicoUnitedStates
bordertokeepoutillegalimmigrants,awallwhichTrumppromisesMexicowillpayfor.[469][470]Trumpwould
alsocreatea"deportationforce"todeportaround11millionpeopleillegallyresidingintheU.S.,stating"Day1
ofmypresidency,[illegalimmigrants]aregettingoutandgettingoutfast."[471]Trumpopposesbirthright
citizenship.[472]
InlateAugust2016,Trumphintedhemightsoftenhispositioncallingforthedeportationofallundocumented
immigrants.[473][474]OnAugust31,2016,hemadeavisittoMexicoandmetwithMexicanPresidentEnrique
PeaNieto,sayinghewantedtobuildrelationswiththecountry.[475]However,inamajorspeechlaterthat
night,Trumplaidouta10pointplanreaffirminghishardlinepositions,includingbuildingawallalongthe
MexicanbordertobepaidforbyMexico,potentiallydeporting"anyonewhohasenteredtheUnitedStates
illegally,"denyinglegalstatustosuchpeopleunlesstheyleavethecountryandapplyforreentry,andcreating
adeportationtaskforce.[476]Hesaidthefocusofthetaskforcewouldbecriminals,thosewhohaveoverstayed
theirvisas,andother"securitythreats".[477]
OneofTrump'smostcontroversialproposalswashisoriginalproposalin2015fora"totalandcomplete"
temporarybanonforeignMuslimsenteringtheUnitedStates.[478][479][480]Trumplaterchangedhispositionin
2016bystatingthatthetemporarybanwouldapplyonlytopeopleoriginatingfromcountrieswitha"proven
historyofterrorismagainsttheUnitedStatesoritsallies",orcountries"compromisedby
terrorism".[481][482][483][484][485]Trumpcharacterizedthisasanexpansion,notrollback,ofhisoriginal
proposal.[486]
Commentsaboutfringetheories
AccordingtopoliticalwriterSteveBenen,unlikepastpoliticalleaders,Trumphasnotkeptfringetheoriesand
theirsupportersatarm'slength.[487]PoliticalwriterJackShafersaysthatTrumpmaybea"fairlyconventional
Americanpopulistwhenitcomestohispolicyviews",buthehasarevolutionaryabilitytoattractfreemedia
attention,sometimesbymakingoutrageouscomments.[488][489]
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Formanyyears,beginninginatleast2011,TrumppubliclyquestionedPresidentObama'scitizenship
status[490]in2016,duringhispresidentialcampaign,TrumpstatedthatObamawasbornintheU.S.[491][492]In
thepast,hehasalsoalludedtotheconspiracytheorythatPresidentObamaissecretlyaMuslim.[493][494]
Trumphasdiscussedtheunfoundednotionthatvaccinedosescauseautismifadministeredtooquicklyin
succession,[495][496]andtheconspiracytheorythatformerSupremeCourtJusticeAntoninScaliamightnot
havediedofnaturalcausesbutwasmurdered.[497]HerepeatedaNationalEnquirerallegationthatRafaelCruz,
fatherofTedCruz,mayhavebeeninvolvedintheassassinationofJohnF.Kennedy.[498]
Personallife
Family
Trumphasfivechildrenbythreemarriages,andhaseight
grandchildren.[499][500]Hisfirsttwomarriagesendedindivorcesthat
werepublicizedinthetabloidmedia.[501]
Trumpmarriedhisfirstwife,CzechmodelIvanaZelnkov,onApril
Ata2016campaignevent,fromleft:
7,1977,attheMarbleCollegiateChurchinManhattan[502]ina
soninlawJared,eldestdaughter
ceremonyperformedbyoneofAmerica'smostfamousministers,the
Ivanka,Trump,wifeMelania,
[503]
ReverendNormanVincentPeale.
Theyhadthreechildren:son
daughterinlawLara,andsecond
DonaldJr.(bornDecember31,1977),daughterIvanka(bornOctober
eldestsonEric
30,1981),andsonEric(bornJanuary6,1984).DonaldJr.,Ivanka,and
EricnowserveasexecutivevicepresidentsoftheTrump
Organization.[504]IvanabecameanaturalizedUnitedStatescitizenin1988.[505]
Trumphasbeennicknamed"TheDonald"sinceIvanareferredtohimassuchina1989Spymagazinecover
story.[506][507]Byearly1990,Trump'stroubledmarriagetoIvanaandaffairwithactressMarlaMapleshadbeen
reportedinthetabloidpress.[508][509][510]IvanaTrumpwasgrantedanuncontesteddivorcein1990,onthe
groundsthatTrump'streatmentofher,suchashisaffairwithMaples,hadbeen"cruelandinhuman".[511][512]In
1992,hesuccessfullysuedIvanaforviolatingagagclauseintheirdivorceagreementbydisclosingfactsabout
himinherbook.[513][514][515]In2015,IvanasaidthatsheandDonald"arethebestoffriends".[516]
MaplesgavebirthtotheirdaughterTiffany,namedafterTiffany&Company(Trump'spurchaseoftheair
rightsabovethestoreinthe1980sallowedhimtobuildTrumpToweronFifthAvenue),onOctober13,
1993.[517]TheymarriedtwomonthslateronDecember20,1993.[518]ThecoupleformallyseparatedinMay
1997,[519]withtheirdivorcefinalizedinJune1999.[520][521]TiffanywasraisedbyhermotherinCalabasas,
California,wheresheliveduntilhergraduationfromViewpointSchool.[522]
In1998,TrumpbeganarelationshipwithSlovenemodelMelaniaKnauss,whobecamehisthirdwife.[523][524]
TheywereengagedinApril2004[525]andweremarriedonJanuary22,2005,atBethesdabytheSeaEpiscopal
Church,ontheislandofPalmBeach,Florida,followedbyareceptionatTrump'sMaraLago
estate.[526][527][528]In2006,MelaniabecameanaturalizedUnitedStatescitizen.[524]OnMarch20,2006,she
gavebirthtotheirson,whomtheynamedBarronTrump.[529][530](Trumphadpreviouslyusedthepseudonym
"JohnBaron"or"Barron"insomebusinessdealsandforotherpurposes.[48][531][532])Havingheardthe
languagesincehisbirth,BarronisfluentinSlovene.[533]InaFebruary2009interviewonABC'snewsprogram
Nightline,Trumpcommentedthathisloveforhisbusinesshadmadeitdifficultforhisfirsttwowivesto
competewithhisaffectionforwork.[534]
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Trump'sbrother,FredJr.,predeceasedtheirfatherFred.Shortlyafterthelatter
diedin1999,thewifeofFredJr.'ssongavebirthtoasonwithseriousmedical
problems.TrumpandhisfamilyofferedtopaythemedicalbillsthroughFred
Sr.'scompany(FredSr.freelyprovidedmedicalcoveragetohisfamilythrough
hiscompanyfordecades).[535]FredIIIthensuedthefamilyforallegedlyhaving
used"undueinfluence"onadementiastrickenFredSr.togetFredIIIandhis
sisterMaryareducedsharefromtheirgrandfather'swill,butTrumpattributedthe
reducedsharetohisfather'sdislikeofFredIII'smother,andTrumpstoppedthe
aidforFredIII'sson.Theaidwasresumedbycourtorderpendingoutcomeofthe
lawsuit,whichwasthensettled.[536][537]
Religiousviews
TrumpisaPresbyterian.[538]Hehassaidthathebegangoingtochurchatthe
FirstPresbyterianChurchintheJamaicaneighborhoodinQueensasachild.[539]
WithwifeMelaniaata
TrumpattendedSundayschoolandhadhisconfirmationatthatchurch.[539]Inan
2016campaignevent
April2011interviewonThe700Club,hecommented:"I'maProtestant,I'ma
Presbyterian.AndyouknowI'vehadagoodrelationshipwiththe
churchovertheyears.Ithinkreligionisawonderfulthing.Ithinkmy
religionisawonderfulreligion."[540][541]Trumptolda2015South
CarolinacampaignaudienceheattendsMarbleCollegiateChurch,
wherehemarriedhisfirstwifeIvanain1977.Marblehassaidthat,
thoughTrumphasalongstandinghistorywiththechurch,heisnotan
activememberofMarble.[539][nb2]Trumphassaidthatalthoughhe
participatesinHolyCommunion,hehasnotaskedGodforforgiveness
forhissins.Hestated,"IthinkifIdosomethingwrong,Ithink,Ijust
TrumpreceivesblessingfromGreek
tryandmakeitright.Idon'tbringGodintothatpicture."[542]
OrthodoxpriestEmmanuel
TrumpcallshisownbookTheArtoftheDeal(1987)"mysecond
Lemelson,September30,2015
favoritebookofalltime,"andhastoldcampaignaudiences:"Doyou
knowwhatmyfirstis?TheBible!NothingbeatstheBible."[543][544]
DecliningtonamehisfavoriteBibleverse,Trumpsaid"Idon'tlikegivingthatouttopeoplethatyouhardly
know."[539]However,hisreligiousknowledgewasquestionedafteraspeechhegavetoLibertyUniversity,in
whichhereferredtoSecondCorinthiansas"TwoCorinthians,"elicitingchucklesfromsomeinthe
audience.[545]
TrumpmaintainsrelationshipswithseveralprominentnationalEvangelicalProtestantandotherChristian
leaders,includingTonyPerkinsandRalphE.ReedJr.[546]Duringhis2016presidentialcampaign,hereceiveda
blessingfromGreekOrthodoxpriestEmmanuelLemelson.[547]TrumphastiestotheJewishAmerican
community.[548]AtanAlgemeinerJournalawardsceremonyhonoringhimwiththeAlgemeinerLibertyAward,
hewasaskedabouthavingJewishgrandchildren.InreferencetodaughterIvanka,whoconvertedtoJudaism
beforehermarriagetoJaredKushner,Trumpsaid:"NotonlydoIhaveJewishgrandchildren,IhaveaJewish
daughterandIamveryhonoredbythat...itwasn'tintheplanbutIamverygladithappened."[549]
ControversyinvolvingthePope
InFebruary2016,whileonhiswayhomefollowingavisittoMexico,PopeFrancissaidthefollowingwhen
askedaboutTrump:
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Apersonwhothinksonlyaboutbuildingwallswherevertheymaybeandnotbuildingbridges,
isnotChristian....I'djustsaythatthisman[Trump]isnotChristianifhesaiditthisway....We
mustseeifhesaidthingsinthatwayandinthisIgivethebenefitofthedoubt.[550]
Trumprespondedthatitwas"disgraceful"forthePopetoquestionhisfaith,suggestingthattheMexican
governmentwas"usingthePopeasapawn"forpoliticalpurposes,"becausetheywanttocontinuetoripoffthe
UnitedStates."[551][552]Trumpaddedthat"ifandwhen"IslamicStateattackstheVatican,thePopewouldhave
"wishedandprayed"TrumpwerePresidentbecauseunderhisleadershipsuchanattackwouldnothappen.[552]
Thefollowingday,DirectoroftheHolySeePressOfficeFedericoLombardiinsistedthatthePopewasnot
launchinganattackonTrumpnortryingtoswayvotersbydeclaringthatsomeonewhoadvocatesbuilding
wallsisnotChristian.[553][554]AftertheclarificationbyLombardi,Trumpdownplayedhisdifferenceswiththe
Pope,saying"Idon'tthinkthisisafight."[555]
Health
Amedicalreportbyhisdoctor,HaroldBorsteinM.D.,showedthatTrump'sbloodpressure,liverandthyroid
functionwereinnormalrange.[556][557]Trumpsaysthathehasneversmokedcigarettesormarijuana,or
consumedotherdrugs.[558]Hedoesnotdrinkalcohol.[559][560][561]Healsohasgermaphobictendencies,and
prefersnottoshakehands.[562]
InSeptember2016,TrumpdiscussedhishealthinmoredetailonTheDr.OzShow,providingactualresults
fromrecentphysicalexaminations.[563]
Appearancesinpopularculture
EvenbeforeTrump'sveryhighlypublicizedpresidentialcampaignthatbeganin2015,hehadappearedmany
timesinpopularculture.
Comics
Since1986,hehasbeendepictedintheDoonesburycomicstripbyGarryTrudeau[564][565]promptingan
unfavorableresponsefromTrump.[566]
Films
TrumpplayedhimselfasthePlazaHotelownerinacameoappearanceinthemovieHomeAlone2:Lostin
NewYork(1992).[567]
You'veBeenTrumped(2011),adocumentaryfilmbyAnthonyBaxter,followsTrump'seffortstodevelopa
Scottishgolfresort.[568][569][570]WhenitwasannouncedthatthedocumentarywastopremiereonBBCTwo
televisionintheUK,onOctober21,2012,[571]Trump'slawyerscontactedtheBBCtodemandthatthefilm
shouldnotbeshown,claimingitwasdefamatoryandmisleading.Thescreeningwentahead,withtheBBC
defendingthedecisionandstatingthatTrumphadrefusedtheopportunitytotakepartinthefilm.[572]
FunnyorDiereleasedaparodyfilmcalledDonaldTrump'sTheArtoftheDeal:TheMovie(2016).[573]
Literature
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AndrewShaffer'ssatiricalbook,TheDayoftheDonald(2016),imaginesTrumpwinningtheelectionand
discusseshissecondyearasAmerica's45thpresident.[574]
Music
WhentherapperMacMillerreleasedhissong,"DonaldTrump"(2011),aboutbecomingasrichasits
namesake,Trumprequestedroyaltiesfromthesongforusinghisname,startingafeudbetweenhimselfand
Miller.[575]
Television
OnJimmyKimmelLive!,KimmelfeaturedTrump'stwoDr.Seusslikebooks,WinnersAren'tLosersandits
sequelWinnersStillAren'tLosers,whenTrumpwasthegueststar.Onbothoccasions,Kimmelreadthebooks
outloudtoTrumpandhadTrumpreadthelastword.[576]
IntheFebruary28,2016,episodeoftheHBOseriesLastWeekTonightwithJohnOliver,Oliverreferredto
Trumpas"DonaldDrumpf".[577][578]
OnTheLateShowwithStephenColbert,ColbertfrequentlyfeaturesacaricatureofTrump,called"Cartoon
DonaldTrump".[579]
DescribingtheMarch2000TheSimpsonsepisodeBarttotheFutureas"awarningtoAmerica",writerDan
GreaneysaidinMarch2016:"WhatweneededwasforLisatohaveproblemsbeyondherfixing,that
everythingwentasbadasitpossiblycould,andthat'swhywehadTrumpbepresidentbeforeher.Thatjust
seemedlikethelogicallaststopbeforehittingbottom.ItwasconsistentwiththevisionofAmericagoing
insane".[580]
Since1988,TrumpandmembersofhisfamilyhavebeenparodiedonSaturdayNightLive,andhehostedthe
showtwice,inApril2004andNovember2015.[581][582]
Hair
Trump'siconiccomboverhairstylehasbeenmentionedfrequentlybythe
media.In2004,theChicagoTribunewrotethatTrumpis"knownforhisgaudy
casinosandunusualmaneofcopperhair."[583]Duringa2011interviewwith
RollingStone,hesaid,"Igetalotofcreditforcombovers.Butit'snotreallya
combover.It'ssortofalittlebitforwardandback.I'vecombeditthesameway
foryears.Samething,everytime."[584]Invariouslatenighttalkshowsand
interviews,Trump'shairhashumorouslybeensuggestedtobeawig,sohehas
lettheinterviewerstouchhishairtoverifyitsauthenticity.[585][586]
Trump'strademarkcomb
overhairstyle
InaJune2015speechforhis2016presidentialcampaign,Trumpsaidhewould
changehishairstyleifhewereelected.[587]
Legalmatters
AnanalysisbyUSAToday,publishedinJune2016,foundthatoverthepreviousthreedecades,Trumpandhis
businesseshadbeeninvolvedin3,500legalcasesinU.S.federalcourtsandstatecourts,anunprecedented
numberforaU.S.presidentialcandidate.[588]Ofthe3,500suits,mostlyinthecasinoindustry,Trumporoneof
hiscompanieswastheplaintiffin1,900defendantin1,450andthirdparty,filerofbankruptcy,orotherin
150.[588]Trumpwasnamedinatleast169suitsinfederalcourt.[589]Althoughlitigationovercontractdisputes
andothermattersiscommonintherealestateindustry,[590]USAToday's2016analysisfoundthatTrumphad
beeninvolvedinlegaldisputesmorethanEdwardJ.DeBartoloJr.,DonaldBren,StephenM.Ross,SamZell,
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andLarrySilversteincombined.Inabout500cases,judgesdismissedplaintiffs'claimsagainstTrump.In
hundredsmore,casesendedwiththeavailablepublicrecordunclearabouttheresolution.[588]Wheretherewas
aclearresolution,hehaswon451times,andlost38,butinmanycases"thepublicrecordsavailablewere
unclearabouttheresolution".[591]
1980s
In1985,Trumpwassuedforallegedlytryingtoforceouttenantstoenabledemolition.[592]Thematterwas
settledandthedemolitioncanceled.[593]In1988,Trumppaid$750,000tosettlethecivilpenaltiesinan
antitrustlawsuitstemmingfromstockpurchases.[594]
1990s
In1991,abusinessanalystpredictedthattheTrumpTajMahalwouldsoonfail,andhethenlosthisjobthe
analystsuedTrumpforallegedlyhavinganunlawfulroleinthefiring,andthatmatterwassettled
confidentiallyoutofcourt.[595]Afterahelicoptercrashed,killingthreeexecutivesofhisNewJerseyhotel
casinobusiness,Trumpsuedthemanufacturers,[596]andthatcasewasdismissed.[597]TrumpPlazawasfined
$200,000formovingAfricanAmericanandfemaleemployeesawayfromaracistandsexistgamblerto
accommodatehim,butTrumpwasnotevidentlyinvestigated,norheldpersonallyliable,andsaidhewouldnot
evenrecognizethatgambler.[598]In1991,Trump'sfather,FredTrump,madeanunlawfulloantoTrump's
Castletohelpitmakeamortgagepayment,andthecasinowasrequiredtopaya$30,000fine,buthissonwas
notpenalized.[599]
In1993,TrumpsuedhisbusinesspartnerJayPritzkerforallegedlycollectingexcessivefees,andthematter
wassettled.[600][601][602]BoardinghouseownerVeraCokingsuedfordamageduringconstructionofan
adjacentcasino,andlaterdroppedthesuitagainstTrumpwhilesettlingwithhiscontractorshealsoprevailed
againstTrumpandotherdevelopersinaneminentdomaincase.[603][604][605]
In1997,DonaldTrumpandrivalAtlanticCitycasinoownerStephenWynnengagedinanextendedlegal
conflictduringtheplanningphaseofnewcasinosWynnhadproposedtobuild,andthecaseswere
settled.[606][607][608]
2000s
In2000,Trumpwaschargedwithlobbyingforgovernmentrejectionofproposedcasinosthatwouldcompete
withhiscasinos,andhepaid$250,000tosettleresultingfines.[609][610]Thechargesrelatedtoaproposed
NativeAmericanruncasinointheCatskills,NewYork,whichwouldhavecompetedwiththreeofTrump's
casinosinAtlanticCity.[611]
WhentheSecuritiesandExchangeCommissionchargedoneofhiscompanieswithpoorfinancialreporting,
Trump'sattorneysaidtheculprithadbeendismissed,andthatTrumphadpersonallybeenunawareofthe
matter.[612][613][614]FollowinglitigationwithLeonaHelmsleythatstartedinthe1990sregardingcontrolofthe
EmpireStateBuilding,[615][616]Trumpin2002soldhisshareinthatbuildingtorivalsofHelmsley's.[617][618]
In2004TrumpsuedformerbusinesspartnerRichardFieldsforallegedlysayinghestillconsultedforTrump.
Fieldscountersued,[619][620][621][622]andthelawsuitwasdismissed.[623]
ThetownofPalmBeach,Florida,finedTrumpforbuildingan80foot(24meter)polefortheAmericanflagat
hisMaraLagoproperty.Trumpthensued,andasettlementrequiredhimtodonate$100,000toveterans'
charities,whilethetownagreedtolethimenrolloutoftownersinhissocialclubandpermitteda10foot
shorterflagpoleelsewhereonhislawn.[624]
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WhentheCaliforniacityofRanchoPalosVerdesthwartedluxuryhomedevelopmentonalandslidepronearea
ownedbyTrump,hesued,[625]andthecityagreedtopermitextensionsforsome20moreproposedluxury
homes.[626][627]
Trumpsuedalawfirmhehadused,MorrisonCohen,forusinghisname,forprovidingnewslinksatits
website,andforchargingexcessivefees,[69]afterwhichthefirmhalvedthefees,andthecourtruledthatthe
linkswereallowable.[628]
In2009,TrumpwassuedbyinvestorsinthecanceledTrumpOceanResortBajaMexico[629]Trumpsaidhe
hadmerelybeenaspokesperson,[629][630]andhesettledthelawsuitforanundisclosedamount.[631]
In2004,theTrumpOrganizationlicensedtheTrumpbrandtoahotelandcondo
projectinFortLauderdalescheduledtoopenin2007,[145]butdelaysin
constructionandtheburstingoftheU.S.realestatebubbleledTrumpto
withdrawhisnamefromthedealin2009,[145]afterwhichtheprojectdefaulted,
investorssued,[632]andTrumpwascaughtintheongoinglawsuitsbecausehe
hadparticipatedinadvertising.[145][633]
Trumppersonallyguaranteed$40milliontosecurea$640millionloanfor
TrumpInternationalHotelandTowerinChicago.WhenDeutscheBanktriedto
collectit,Trumpsuedthebankforharmingtheprojectandhisreputation,[634]
andthebankthenagreedtoextendtheloantermbyfiveyears.[635]
2010s
In2015,Trump'sclaimthattheScottishGovernmentimproperlyapproveda
windfarmprojectnearhisgolfcourseandplannedhotelwasrejectedbythe
SupremeCourtoftheUnitedKingdom,followingalengthylegalbattle.[636]
TrumpInternationalHotel
andTowerinChicago
InJuly2015,TrumpsuedtheformerMissPennsylvania,SheenaMonnin,aftersheallegedthattheMissUSA
2012pageantwasrigged.[637]Afederaljudgeupheldthesettlement,obliginghertopayTrump$5
million.[637][638][639]
TrumpsuedPalmBeachCounty,allegingthatthecountyhadpressuredtheFAAtodirectairtrafficover
Trump'sMaraLagoclubandestate.[640]HealsosuedchefsGeoffreyZakarianandJosAndrsthelattersaid
therewasnomeritinTrump'sallegationthatthechefbackedoutofadealattheOldPostOffice
Pavilion.[641][642][643][644]
TrumpsuedthetownofOssining,NewYork,overthepropertytaxvaluationonhisgolfcoursethere,[645][646]
afterseparatelybeingsuedformodifyingadrainagesystemthatallegedlydamagedalibrary,publicpool,and
parkfacilities.[646]
InconnectionwithaTrumppresidentialcampaigneventatTrumpTowerinNewYorkCity,fivemensued
Trump,whosesecuritystaffallegedlypunchedoneofthem.[647][648]
In2016theDemocratssuedTrumpaccusinghimofvoterintimidationbecausehecalledonhissupportersto
"watch"pollingstationsininnercityneighborhoods.TheOhioDemocraticPartywroteinalegalfiling,
"Trumphassoughttoadvancehiscampaign'sgoalof'votersuppression'byusingtheloudestmicrophoneinthe
nationtoimplorehissupporterstoengageinunlawfulintimidation."[649]Rulingonthiscase,ajudgeinOhio
orderedTrumptorefrainfromvoterintimidation.[650]
26/50
11/14/2016
Awardsandaccolades
TheJewishNationalFund'sTreeofLifeAwardfor
outstandingcontributionstoIsraelUnitedStates
relations.[651](1983)
TheEllisIslandMedalofHonorincelebrationof
"patriotism,tolerance,brotherhoodanddiversity."[652]
(1986)
GoldenRaspberryAwardforWorstSupportingActor
forhisroleinGhostsCan'tDoIt[653](1990)
GamingHallofFame[654](1995)
StarontheHollywoodWalkofFame[655][656](2007)
MuhammadAliEntrepreneurAward[657](2007)
Trumpreceivingthe2015MarineCorpsLaw
Trumpwasawardedanhonorarydoctorateofbusiness
EnforcementFoundation'sannualCommandent's
administrationbyRobertGordonUniversity.[658]The
LeadershipAwardinrecognitionofhis
degreewasrevokedonDecember9,2015,because
contributionstoAmericanmilitaryeducation
Trumphadmadestatementsthattheuniversitydeemed
programs
"whollyincompatible"withits"ethosandvalues."[659]
(2010)
NYRideofFame[660](2010)
Honorarydoctorateofbusiness,LibertyUniversity[661][662](2012)
WWEHallofFame[663](2013)
TheAlgemeinerLibertyAwardforcontributionstoIsraelUnited
Statesrelations.[664](2015)
NewJerseyBoxingHallofFame[665](2015)
MarineCorpsLawEnforcementFoundationCommandant's
LeadershipAward[666](2015)
KeytotheCityofDoral,Florida[667][668](2015)
Trump'sstarontheHollywood
TIME100,annuallistofthemostinfluentialpeoplebyTIME
[669]
WalkofFame
magazine.
(2016)
Seealso
BibliographyofDonaldTrump
ListofrichestAmericanpoliticians
Notes
1.HisexternalentrepreneurialandinvestmentventuresincludeTrumpFinancial(amortgagefirm),TrumpSalesand
Leasing(residentialsales),TrumpInternationalRealty(aresidentialandcommercialrealestatebrokeragefirm),The
TrumpEntrepreneurInitiative(aforprofitbusinesseducationcompany,formerlycalledtheTrumpUniversity),
TrumpRestaurants(locatedinTrumpTowerandconsistingofTrumpBuffet,TrumpCatering,TrumpIceCream
Parlor,andTrumpBar),GoTrump(anonlinetravelsearchengine[147][148][149]),SelectByTrump(alineofcoffee
drinks),[150]TrumpDrinks(anenergydrinkfortheIsraeliandPalestinianmarkets)[151][152][153][154]DonaldJ.
TrumpSignatureCollection(alineofmenswear,men'saccessories,andwatches),DonaldTrumpTheFragrance
(2004),SUCCESSbyDonaldTrump(asecondfragrancelaunchedbyTheTrumpOrganizationandtheFiveStar
FragranceCompanyreleasedinMarch2012),TrumpIcebottledwater,theformerTrumpMagazine,[155]Trump
Golf,TrumpChocolate,TrumpHome(homefurnishings),[156]TrumpProductions(atelevisionproduction
company),TrumpInstitute,Trump:TheGame(1989boardgamewitha2005rereleaseversiontiedtoThe
Apprentice),[148]DonaldTrump'sRealEstateTycoon(abusinesssimulationgame),TrumpBooks,TrumpModel
Management,TrumpShuttle,TrumpMortgage,TrumpNetwork(amultilevelvitamin,cosmetic,andurinalysis
marketingcompany),[157][158]TrumpVodka,[156][159][160]TrumpSteakhouse[147][161]andTrumpSteaks.[148]In
addition,Trumpreportedlyreceived$1.5millionforeachonehourpresentationhedidforTheLearningAnnex.[162]
27/50
11/14/2016
TrumpalsoendorsedACNInc.,amultilevelmarketingtelecommunicationscompany.HehasspokenatACN
InternationalTrainingEventsatwhichhepraisedthecompany'sfounders,businessmodelandvideophone.[163]He
earnedatotal$1.35millionforthreespeechesgivenforthecompany,amountingto$450,000perspeech.[164]
2.TheMarbleCollegiateChurchisapartoftheReformedChurchinAmerica,whichisMainlineReformedandnot
necessarilyPresbyterian.ThoughTrumpisnotamemberofthisparticulardenomination,thecongregationwelcomes
everybody.HewasconfirmedattheFirstPresbyterianChurch,whichbelongstothePresbyterianChurch(USA).
Sincehetravelsalot,TrumphasattendedvariousReformedchurches,regardlessoftheirdenomination.
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661.MitziBible(September24,2012).DonaldTrumpaddresseslargestConvocationcrowd,praisesLiberty'sgrowth(htt
p://www.liberty.edu/news/index.cfm?PID=18495&MID=65182).LibertyUniversityNewsService,September.
LibertyUniversityNewsService.
662."DonaldTrumptoTalkPolitics,BusinessandFaithatLibertyUniversityConvocation".TheChristianPost.
663."DonaldTrumpcementshisWWElegacy:2013WWEHallofFameInductionCeremony".wwe.com.2013.
664."AlgemeinerHonorsJoanRivers,DonaldTrump,YuliEdelsteinatSecondAnnual'Jewish100'Gala".Algemeiner
Journal.Brooklyn,NY.February5,2015.
665.Hascup,Henry(March27,2015)."2015NewJerseyBoxingHallofFameInductees".NewJerseyBoxingHallof
Fame.
666."MCLEFEvents".MarineCorpsLawEnforcementFoundation.2015.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonAugust19,
2015."DonaldTrumpreceivedourCommandant'sLeadershipAward."
667.Madan,Monique(March4,2015)."DonaldTrumpgetshiskeytoDoral".TheMiamiHerald.Miami.Archivedfrom
theoriginalonJuly8,2015.RetrievedAugust19,2015.
668.Hidalgo,Daniel(August5,2015)."DoralletsDonaldTrumpkeepkeytocityalsogivesinitialOKtofournew
developments".TheMiamiHerald.Miami.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonAugust19,2015.RetrievedAugust19,
2015.
669.Ellmers,Renee(April21,2016)."DonaldTrump:'Therulebreaker' ".Time.
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DonaldTrump(http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0874339/)attheInternetMovieDatabase
DonaldTrump(http://www.politifact.com/personalities/donaldtrump/)atPolitiFact.com
"DonaldTrumpcollectednewsandcommentary".TheWallStreetJournal.
"DonaldTrumpcollectednewsandcommentary".TheGuardian.
Appearances(http://www.cspan.org/person/?donaldtrump)onCSPAN
DonaldTrump(https://www.dmoz.org/Regional/North_America/United_States/Society_and_Culture/Pol
itics/Candidates_and_Campaigns/President/Candidates/Donald_Trump)atDMOZ
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