Professional Documents
Culture Documents
To paraphrase a dictum in community orga- Aiding us in the strategizing will be our two God Bless you all in this season of autumn
nizing, Good conferences regenerate to newest Board Members. We welcome Sister where we see the splendor of the old prepar-
actions! The Conference has opened many Flotilda Lape, ICM and Sister Mayon Sylvain, ing space for the quiet of winter and the new
new possibilities for creative networking and RSM, both of whom were elected at our last growth that is to come.
collaborations for USCMA. We ask you to meeting. We are grateful for their generosity
partner with us. As we have repeatedly said in allowing their names to be on the ballot.
during the Conference, USCMA is not just an We extend that same gratitude to Sister Joanna Mary M. McGlone, CSJ
office in Washington DC. USCMA is us!
Together we are USCMA!
the concrete stories of people that have gone ceses to remember USCMA as you assign
to mission! We need to harness the beauty parishes for your Mission Cooperative Plans.
We call on your expertise and your positive and power of these stories to reveal the rich We want to share the good things that to-
experiences to share with us best practices potentials they hold for transformation. gether, we as US catholic missioners,
in the different areas of mission, be it on a whether working here and abroad, do as we
short-term or long-term basis. That way, we participate in Gods mission.
By now, you must have received our 25th
can create a hub for best practices on our
Anniversary Annual Giving Campaign. We
website. The Dialogue Sessions have opened
ask you to please be generous in your gift to Lastly, as you read through this Mission Up-
the conversations. But we need those conver-
our Association. We are able to do the work date, we want you to join us in prayer of
sations to translate into useful information!
entrusted to us and create new and relevant thanksgiving for everything that God has
We also call on your expertise in the different
programs with your financial partnership. We blessed us with at USCMA. And as we look
languages spoken here in the US so that we
need you to help us achieve the goals we into the future, Robert Schreiter in our Peri-
can make our website truly multi-lingual and
have set. Your gift does not only affirm our odic Paper reminds us: it is important to
have a wider reach of audience in our promo-
work, but it also promotes a sense of owner- remember that mission is ultimately on Gods
tion of mission.
ship to the association. Thank you for your terms. This is not our mission; it is Gods
continued commitment and partnership. mission, in which we are called to participate.
Also this year, we have launched If indeed God is calling people into shorter
Transformative Dialogue Project (TDP). and long-term mission, then it is up to us to
We also ask the Mission Offices in the Dio- find ways to make that happen.
TDP hopes to help promote mission aware-
ness locally through the collaboration and
dialogue of mission-sending groups and indi- USCMA Staf f
viduals who have had mission experiences. It
envisions a strong network of mission- Rev. Michael Montoya, MJ, Executive Director
oriented groups and individuals in a particu- Ms. Charlotte Cook, Associate Director
lar locality that promotes an integration of the
components of mission (proclamation, justice Sr. Anne Louise Von Hoene, MMS, Accountant
and peace, witness, dialogue, and spiritual- Sr. Michael Theresa Brauer, SND de N, Administrative Assistant
ity). It provides a space and time to share
stories of mission and learn from each others Questions/Comments re: Meetings & Conferences meetings@uscatholicmission.org
experiences. With TDP, we hope to put mis- Questions/Comments re: Mission Update / Current Topics news@uscatholicmission.org
sion on the agenda of the local church. The
E-Mail: uscma@catholicmission.org Web Site: www.uscatholicmission.org
best advertisements to mission promotion are
work. Today the Church affirms the universal pants repeatedly expressed their appreciation women in Church leadership roles, Bishop
call to holiness (and mission) and no longer for the pastoral wisdom and professionalism Carmody affirmed the importance of laity and
sees laity as peripheral to the life of the evident in the panelists presentations and in women and indicated certain ministerial ques-
Church. Similarly, today, mission and its the design of their programs. No one ques- tions were beyond his domain of influence.
Trinitarian character, is seen as central to the tioned to what
Church and not a specialized department. extent these
Further, the Catholic community emphasizes programs em- The prayerful
social justice (Lk 4:18-19), the Churchs social b o d i e d character of the
teachings and no longer simply defines mis- mission. conference also
sion exclusively in terms of making disciples received high
(Matt 28:19-20). praise. Prayer
Aft er each and music ser-
keynote presen- vices fl owed
The question of whether or not short term tation and the through the three
programs are mission depends on ones panel, confer- days which inte-
theology of mission, Schre- ence partici- grated and gave
iter noted. A member of pants used one additional defini-
the Society of the Precious of two forms of tion to the pro-
Dialogue Session with Robert Schreiter, CPPS
Blood (C.PP.S) and the small group ceedings. Many
author of Mission in the discussion to dig deeper into the implications found the liturgical highpoint to be the Eucha-
Third Millennium, he then of the speakers thoughts: home communities ristic liturgy in the Basilica of the Sacred
referred to the four ele- or dialogue sessions (content-specific breakout Heart, with Bishop Carmody as the main cele-
ments of mission as de- sessions). The home communities facilitators brant and with the accompaniment of the awe
scribed by SEDOS, namely made sure each participant was listened to inspiring fifty-member strong student Notre
proclamation, dialogue, respectfully and without interruption. The Dame Folk Choir.
Teresita Gonzalez de
inculturation and, for the content-specific dialogue sessions began with
la Maza, Panelist
poor, freedom from oppres- a brief presentation which participants had
sion (see www.sedos.org). time to question and apply to their own pas- Eucharist was followed by the traditional din-
He concluded that God is calling all of us to toral situation. Each of the home community ner banquet which this year celebrated the
mission and we need to find out how to make sessions ended with the group coming up with Associations 25 years of service to the
our short term and long term programs work. a headline - a phrase which captured the Church and society. Together, we are
flavor of the prior hours discussion. USCMA was the refrain which Father Mi-
chael Montoya, MJ, sounded throughout the
On the second day, conference attendees were impressive festivities. Twenty-five large post-
treated to a panel presentation on four different A second keynote was delivered by Bishop ers identified the theme of each of the
types short term programs, described respec- Edmond Carmody, DD, Ordinary of the Dio- USCMAs 25 annual conferences. Taken
tively by Ms. Rosanne Fischer (St. Cloud, MN cese of Corpus Christi, together, this display illustrated the emphases
Diocesan Mission Office), Sr. Mary Medved Texas. Based on his given to missionary efforts and how they de-
(Jesuit Volunteers International), Ms. Teresita own missionary ex- veloped over the past quarter of a century.
Gonzalez de la Maza (Amor en Accin), and perience serving in the This colorful and professional review of the
Ms. Rachel Tomas Morgan (Univ. of the Notre U.S. and Ecuador, he themes of USCMAs conferences, most of
Dame International Service Learning Pro- addressed the question which I attended, underscores the importance
gram). In their descriptions, the presenters of how to prepare and of the work of the USCMA. Father Michael
affirmed their programs were: orient missionaries also focused a spotlight on those individuals
who are coming into a and mission communities who were given
various forms of immersion experiences in
new culture. Tell the awards at each of the prior 24 conferences.
Gods one mission,
missionary priests they This years award recipient was the University
short term missions which build commu- need to be loving and of Notre Dame Center for Social Concerns.
nity at home and between countries, need to know the Mas-
often a partnership of laity sharing in a
Most Rev. Edmond Carmody ter was one recom-
religious orders charism, mendation. That way, The Universitys facilities more than met the
even if the priest does not know the local lan- needs of the conference. The large presenta-
a discipleship training program for laity guage, he said, the people will recognize and tions and small breakout sessions were all held
who experience intimacy with God respond to his love for them. Carmody illus- in the Universitys Center for Continuing Edu-
and intimacy with the affairs of the world, trated his points with charming Irish stories cation building. The two conference facilita-
and such light humor that a few of the younger tors, Dr. Rudy Vela, SM and Sr. Caroljean
and sometimes based on service-learning conference attendees said they appreciated that Willie, Ph.D., moved the attendees through
components which include theological reflec- Bishop Carmody was down to earth and con- their paces with skill and gentility. But they
tion. sidered him the coolest bishop ever. Dont surprised and delighted the attendees in their
walk away from negative people, Carmody Listeners Report by taking each of the home
This panel presentation was well received. In advised, run! When a few of the more sea- communities short summary phrases, combin-
subsequent conference sessions, many partici- soned attendees asked pastoral questions about
contd on page 4
US Catholic Mission Association Page 3
MISSION UPDATE Fall 2006
Periodic Paper #3
Short Term, Long Term, on Whose Terms?
Robert Schreiter, C.PP.S.
Catholic Theological Union
USCMA Annual Mission Conference
University of Notre Dame
October 1, 2006
Introduction
I am grateful for the invitation to participate in the USCMAs annual conference, especially so because of
the theme that has been chosen. The gathering of people at this conference provides a wonderful opportunity
to explore the many sides of the question about the term of missionnot only in matters of effectiveness
achieved by varying amounts of time in mission, but also what are the theological and missiological implica-
tions of different lengths of service in mission. In this address I hope to explore some of them, and look for-
ward to what promises to be an engaging discussion in the coming days.
As a way of getting started on this topic, I will make this presentation in four parts. The first part will be a
brief sketch of some of the data that are available on differing lengths of mission. This will set the scene for
the second part, which will look at what cultural factors contribute to even considering different lengths of ser-
vice in mission. Are there factors, unique to this country, that need to be taken into account as we look at var-
ied terms of mission? This will lead into the third part that will explore the theological and missiological rami-
fications of short- and longer-term mission. A fourth and concluding part will try to draw the various strands
of this discussion together and pose some questions that deserve further examination. The phenomenon of
short-term mission raises a host of interesting questions. My hope here is to explore a few of them.
The last decades of the twentieth century saw a remarkable change in the patterns of missionary service
emanating from the United States. On the Catholic side, mission had heretofore largely (but not exclusively)
been the province of religious orders. Missionary orders had been founded during the nineteenth and through
the first half of the twentieth century whose sole purpose was foreign mission. These joined others who were
already in the field. After the Second World War, many religious orders in this country that had not been en-
gaged previously in foreign missionary work at all began to take it up, especially in Latin America at the be-
hest of Pope Pius XII. Beginning in the 1970s, the numbers of missionaries being sent out by all of these reli-
gious orders began to plummet dramatically as the number of candidates for those orders declined. By the
mid-1970s, another phenomenon began to manifest itself.
Shorter-term missionaries came increasingly on the scene. Most of these were laypeople, although there
were also some diocesan priests and religious men and women in their ranks. The numbers of these have con-
tinued to increase. The length of service was clearly set in defined terms of time, most of which could be re-
newed. The scene changed considerably as missionaries were sent out for several months to three years. Dur-
ing this period of time there have emerged missionaries who have consistently renewed their periods of service
so that there are now term missionaries who have served more than twenty years.
US Catholic Mission Association Page 1
MISSION UPDATE Fall 2006
On the Protestant side, the number of international shortest service opportunities are aimed at summer
missioners coming from the mainline churches has and school break time. A quarter of all volunteers
continued to drop. The overwhelming majority of are between the ages of 21-25; this no doubt repre-
international Protestant missioners today coming sents many of the post-college programs that are
from the conservative end of the spectrum conducted by religious orders. Indeed young people
evangelicals, Pentecostals, and fundamentalists. between the ages of 21 and 25 make up more than
Most of these are supported by independent mission half of all long-term (defined as 9 months or more)
agencies with no denominational affiliation or are service. Interesting too is the fact that more than
sent by individual congregations. 90% of all long-term missioners complete their term
Just what does the scene look like today? For this of service. In 2004, more than 40% of long-term
I am relying on the most recent survey done by the missioners renewed their term of service.
Catholic Network of Volunteer Service, and pre- Seventy percent of all long-term missioners have
sented at their national conference in November of at least four years of college. For shorter periods of
2005. To be sure this is a survey of those programs service, slightly over half have a high school educa-
that are members of the CNVS, but that organization tionagain, showing the fact that the short-term
provides by far, to my knowledge, the most compre- missioners tend to be under 20.
hensive picture that is available to us. Moreover, What kind of service do these missioners provide?
86% of the member organizations responded to the For the short-term missioners, over
surveya surprisingly large num-
berso it offers us the best snap- So in terms of half provide social services. For
long-term missioners, the largest sin-
shot of the current scene available gle block, provide education (i.e.,
to us. sheer numbers, general, not religious, education).
Let me give some highlights
from that report. In 1983 there both short-term So what emerges from this pic-
ture? Let me sketch out what seem to
were 65 volunteer programs affili- me to be salient points. I begin with
ated with the CNVS; in 2005, there and long-term the larger context. According to the
were 212. That is nearly quadru- 2005-2006 figures from the U.S.
ple the number involved. In 1992, missioners are Catholic Mission Association, there is
there were about 5,000 lay mis- a little over 6,500 U.S. missioners
sioners/volunteers; by 2004 there
were over 10,000. The bulk of
substantially working internationally. Of these,
just over 1400or not quite 20%--
these lay missioners (about 90%)
are involved in domestic programs. under the age of 25. are lay missioners. The women-to-
men ratioroughly 6 to 4is about
The CNVS survey reports that the the same for both religious and lay
number of international volunteers reported has been missioners.
dropping since 1999 from a high of a little over 1100
to a little under 900, a drop of nearly 20%. There has been extraordinary growth in short-term
missioners, with half of these under the age of 20.
Regarding term of service, about 75% of these For long-term missioners, the age group 20-25
overseas missioners serve for 12 months or less. Of makes up half of those serving a year or more. Sev-
that 75%, about half of these volunteers served three enty percent of these have had at least four years of
weeks or less, and about 40% served 9-12 months. A college. So in terms of sheer numbers, both short-
little over 60% of all volunteers are female, with term and long-term missioners are substantially un-
slightly under 40% male. They are overwhelmingly der the age of 25. In one way, this is not surprising:
(nearly 85%) Caucasian. once these missioners begin families long-term ser-
Given that the term of service may run from a vice becomes more complex as decisions have to be
week to a year for 75% of the missioners, it is not made regarding the well-being of children. One
surprising that over half are under the age of 20. The hundred sixty-two missioners working in the short
Page 2 US Catholic Mission Association
MISSION UPDATE Fall 2006
term reported being married, while 154 married mis- starts to look at ones life in segments of time, some
sioners were working in the long term. Sixty-four period can be allotted to work like mission. For the
short-term missioners reported have dependent chil- preponderance of young people who participate both
dren, while just 18 long-term missioners reported in short-term and longer-term service, it can be seen
having dependent children. Thus only about 7% of as part of a larger preparation for ones working life.
lay missioners serving in both short-term and long- For those in high school, having such service on
term are married. ones rsum is helpful in seeking admission to elite
colleges.
Cultural and Social Factors Affecting the Term of I do not of course want to reduce the motivation of
Service young people to these factors. Their desire to serve is
certainly much more complex than that. But these
factors cannot be overlooked. That in both of these
As we begin to reflect on what are the implica- groups (the short-term missioners under 20, and the
tions for mission, it could be useful to begin by pro- 21-25 age group serving long-term) more than eighty
viding a cultural and social frame for these reflec- percent of the participants are Caucasian points to the
tions. Are there things in the cultural and social en- fact that a certain level of privilege gives them the
vironment of the United States that help us under- option of thinking in these terms.
stand better what is going on in mission? I would
like to reflect on three of these. A second cultural and social factor that deserves
attention is the distinctive feature of the age cohort
The first of these is changes in our understanding under 25. These young people have self-designated
of the life cycle. At the height of the industrial age themselves as millennials, inasmuch as they began
in the United Statesrunning roughly from 1880- coming of age at the turn of the millennium. The re-
1970those who entered the job market outside the search that has been done on this age group finds
home were likely to engage in the same kind of work them more altruistic, more intellectually curious, and
for most of the rest of their lives. This was partially more at home in cross-cultural and interracial settings
explained by the level of education; most people had than the two previous age cohorts (usually known as
relatively limited education until the end of that pe- Generation X and the Baby Boomers). This openness
riod and so could not move around easily in the job can be partially accounted for by the fact that at least
market. There was in some trades and professions as the older members of this age cohort came of age in a
well a sense of loyalty to ones employer who in turn time of economic prosperity and relative stability (the
would be loyal to the employees. Henry Ford was years of Bill Clintons presidency). Annual surveys
one of the pioneers in this, raising working class of college freshmen support this general finding
wages in his factory and being repaid by lifelong about altruism and ability to live with difference, with
fidelity of the workforce. This even stretched across the added note that Catholics in this group tend to be
generations. In its heyday IBM (Big Blue) tried to especially well represented in these statistics. To be
do much of the same. sure altruism, curiosity, and ease with difference do
The volatility of the employment scene that has not characterize all Catholic young people, but it cer-
resulted from globalization and technological ad- tainly is a salient factor. A supporting factor from the
vances has changed all that. There are now some CNVS survey shows that among those who go on to
who say that those entering the workforce must be graduate school after completing their service, the
prepared to change their professionsnot just jobs great majority choose the helping professions
within professionsthree or more times over their education, social work, theology and medical care.
working life. As the median age of the population Across the country, those involved in graduate theo-
has risen, people no longer think in terms only of logical education have noted in recent years a new
work and retirement. The work possibilities become group coming to study theology: they typically have
more variegated. spent one or two years in some social service after
What does this mean for mission service? If one college, and now want to study theology, at least
ture missionary, participating in the mission in the sion. There are two that seem especially relevant to
world of the Holy Trinity. Thus, mission can no our discussion here.
longer be seen solely as a specialized profession The first grows out of a question that I have heard
within the Church, but something incumbent upon voiced among missioners from religious institutes: Are
everyone. Lay missioners are hearing that call. these forms of mission (short-term, fixed long-term)
They participate fully in that missionary character of really mission? Put some other ways: Are they au-
the entire Church. thentic forms of evangelization? Or are they simply
A third theological factor has been a rediscovery cultural or social exposures of people to a world dif-
of the centrality of social justice to the Churchs ferent from their own? Is calling these short- of fixed-
mission. The growing body of Catholic Social term experiences simply a way of giving these expo-
Teaching, beginning with Pope Leo XIIIs encycli- sures a little more exalted status?
cal Rerum novarum, through the Council and espe- Let me try to separate these out a bit. There has
cially the 1970 Synod of Bishops to the pontificate been a continuing debate in missiological circles about
of John Paul II, Catholic Social Teaching has moved just what constitutes mission. There is a feeling that,
social justice to the center of Catholic consciousness. by saying that the whole Church is missionary, every-
Nowhere is that clearer than among missioners. If thing gets labeled mission. There are those who say
the Great Commission of Matthews only primary evangelization
Gospel (28:19-20) formed the princi-
pal biblical call to mission through
Thus, mission can preaching the Gospel to those who
have never heard itis the only ac-
the nineteenth and into the mid-
twentieth century, it has been Jesus
no longer be seen tivity that deserves to be called
mission. Pope John Paul II, in his
discourse in the synagogue at Naz- solely as a encyclical Redemptoris missio,
areth (Luke 4:18-19) that has cap- voiced similar concerns. Was proc-
tured the imagination of missioners
since the Vatican Council. Confront-
specialized lamation narcissism and potentially
harmful. Presence of large numbers
ing injustice and the struggle for jus-
tice provides a sharp contrast experi- profession within of short-term missioners (especially
in very short projects) may actually
ence that can suddenly open up the
message of Jesus for people. Espe-
the Church, but harm the social ecology of the place,
adding to oppression or injustice
cially for those who have come out of something rather than diminishing it. These
a comfortable existence and now see critiques have also been leveled at
the suffering and oppression going on
in the world ushers in a call to pro-
incumbent upon those who work a year or two years.
These longer-term missioners reap
mote the Reign of God. Inasmuch as
a significant amount of short-term everyone. the benefit of their experience and
then take these benefits home with
and long-term mission service fo- them. The poor are left with nothing.
cuses on social service, it provides a natural venue
for experiencing the meaning and impact of Catholic It is understandable how such critiques can be
Social Teaching. made. And there have no doubt been situations where
these critiques describe accurately what has happened.
So it all bears a little closer analysis.
Missiological Concerns
Anyone who has crossed a cultural boundary as
more than a tourist knows that one cannot learn an-
I would like to turn to some missiological con-
other culture or language instantly. Even staying a
cerns, inasmuch as they can be separated from theo-
year may not be enough to go beyond the
logical ones. By missiological concerns I mean
honeymoon period where the difference experienced
concerns that grow out of the practice or experience
in the other culture makes it exotic. But there can
of mission that in turn help shape the theory of mis-
beand have beenother readings of the short-term
US Catholic Mission Association Page 5
MISSION UPDATE Fall 2006
mission experience. The object of evangelization may at all? Is anything but a lifelong commitment what
not be themthose whom we visit. Perhaps one mission truly requires?
of the most significant feature of short-term mission
even mission lasting up to two yearsis how it can This kind of idea arises out of how mission has
change the lives of those who experience it. Espe- been perceived over the last two centuries. Until
cially when these experiences come in the late teens fairly recently, the expense and duration of travel
and into the twenties, it can mark out a course for an was such that missioners going out from their home
entire life. For those who come as missioners, it may country were making a commitment for lifetime ser-
be the first exposure to poverty, or what our govern- vice. It meant life commitment in another way as
mental policies are doing to others. For the people in well: many lost their lives, especially in equatorial
those settings themselves, they can find a number of climes, as they fell to diseases against which they
important, if unexpected, benefits. In Latin America, had no immunity. The rise of missionary religious
for example, I have seen people there who accept institutes, especially in the nineteenth and twentieth
short-term missioners because it is an opportunity to century, where profession to the religious institute
show them the oppressive results of U.S. foreign pol- constituted a commitment to lifelong mission, only
icy. Their hope is that the missioners will indeed un- strengthened this feeling about the length of term of
dergo conversionand go back to con- service.
vert the United States. For others, who If we are indeed a Such feeling that lifelong mission
had never had a personal encounter was the only mission was supported
with people from the United States, it
missionary also by the missionary spiritualities that
led to revising some of the stereotypes Church, and are served to foster and sustain the mission
they had about yanquis. In still other vocation. As Angelyn Dries has sug-
ways, those who have been oppressed all called to gested in her study of U.S. Catholic
(I am thinking especially of indigenous missioners, to be a missionerat least
peoples here), they come to realize that mission, then the up to the time of the Second Vatican
their own culture is valuable and valued lines between Council--was to live a spirituality of
and that they have something very spe- heroism and/or of martyrdom. If
cial to share with people who may have sender and viewed from that perspective, no mis-
many possessions but lack spiritual sioner can be a sometime martyr or
depth. recipient are short-term heroic figure. But what this
What of course becomes important still pervasive sentiment regarding the
here is how short-term mission is struc- going to become missioner calls us to do is to investigate
tured and supervised so as not to inflict more carefully what underlies the spiri-
more suffering on people who have al- reciprocal. tuality of missioners today, who make
ready suffered far too much. But there Luke 4:18-19 or some other biblical
is also a theological point to be made here. If we are passage the basis of their motivation. Are there dis-
indeed a missionary Church, and are all called to mis- tinctive features to a missionary spirituality today?
sion, then the lines between sender and recipient are Let me make but one suggestion.
going to become reciprocal. Long-term missioners Certainly for the short-term missioner, bridge
often say how mission has changed them, and how builder might be appropriate. The short-term ex-
returning to the United States becomes increasingly perience leads to opening up new horizons which the
difficult. Evangelization runs in many directions. In a missioner can carry back to his or her home commu-
world Church today, it is not simply a matter of send- nity. The experience may serve as the basis of a call
ing churches and receiving churches. It needs to run to a deeper kind of vocation. The fact that so many
in many different ways. of the young term missioners choose the helping
A second missiological concern related to the first professions as their lifes work, rather than simply
goes something like this: Can there be real mission if finding a job which leads to acquiring wealth, is in-
any term or time limit is put on engagement in mission dicative that something like this is going on.
Put perhaps another way, we should look at how tinue should the Maryknoll Society reach a point
term missioners and their experience may be point- where they can send no more priests and brother
ing us to thinking through our missiology in another missioners. The Bethlehem Fathers (the national
way rather than trying to fit the short- and longer- missionary institute of Switzerland) are working
term experience into pre-existing categories. with a structure whereby their lay missioners consti-
tute the overarching institution within which the
Where Do We Go from Here? priests have a separate place. As we look to
womens congregations, even more creative models
are likely to emerge.
What is the future of short-term and longer-term
mission? In this concluding section, let me try to The likely trajectory of the huge spiritual associate
situate our examination of this question within the movement among religious institutes might serve as
wider context and in light of what has been pre- a cautionary tale here. Most of these associates are
sented here. It falls into three sections. The first has middle-aged or olderthe same age as the members
to do with sustaining forms of term mission into the of the institutes. When those institutes are gone, will
future. The second revisits the theological and mis- this movement continue? We do not know, but it
siological issues just discussed. And the third and would seem unlikely. This may be the same fate for
final part addresses the question: on whose terms? those term mission programs that depend on reli-
gious institutes, some of which (the institutes) may
not survive.
Sustaining Term Mission into the Future
Although the number of U.S. and European mis-
sioners who are religious will continue to decline,
What issues surround sustaining term missionof the number of life-term missioners from the Global
the shorter or the longer varietyinto the future? South continues to grow, both within already exist-
Here we have some things to learn from our Protes- ing international religious institutes and in new mis-
tant counterparts, who have been working with term sionary institutes emerging in Africa and Asia. It is
systems for many years. They have experience with with these people that short- and longer-term mis-
how the issue of terms can change within the lives of sioners from the United States will have to interact.
the missioners themselves. When children reach a
certain ageespecially in secondary schoolfamily Will young people especially, and people of all
issues may come to predominate over the ministry ages continue to show an interest in mission? That
issues. is certainly to be hoped for, even though we have no
way of predicting the future in that regard. Certainly
If we look at the current state of Catholic mis- in countries where the birthrate is below the level of
sion, it is largely (although by no means completely replacement of the population, more and more
any more) sustained through religious institutes. As young people will find themselves having to enter
numbers decline and members age in those insti- the workforce sooner. That will have a negative ef-
tutes, they themselves are being faced with the ques- fect on all but the shortest-term mission experience.
tion of sustainability. We have seen this happening The United States is not yet to that point, thanks to
already with healthcare institutions, with schools, immigration. But all of Europe already is.
and with parishes. While mission service organiza-
tions are already being entrusted to lay people to Another feature that may figure into the immedi-
manage them, the question will be what happens as ate future is the intense animosity against the United
the religious institute may be no longer able to pro- States and the impact this may have on U.S. mis-
vide the needed financial support. We can already sioners operating outside the United States. Skills
look to what some institutes have decided to do. for dealing with trauma and conflict are increasingly
The Maryknoll Fathers and Brothers have set up important in the missioners repertory. The Pew In-
their lay missioners as a separate, canonically recog- stitute keeps reporting a steadily dropping rate of
nized body that could be able, in principle, to con- favor for U.S. citizens, even among our allies.
Given that the percentage of long-term interna- here and in other wealthy countries, they may have no
tional missioners is already fairly small, this may choice but to cede whatever terms they had been able to
come to shrink even further. set forth. To say simply that the terms will be ceded to
others engaged in short- or longer-term mission has to
The Ongoing Impact of Term Mission on Theol- take into account that term mission depends upon an in-
ogy and Missiology frastructure that sustains it. To the extent that infrastruc-
ture is in place, to that extent that handing on of the di-
rection of mission will be able to happen. We will need
As was already seen above, there have been to do two things at once. If, on the one hand, we say all
changes in mission throughout especially the latter Christians are to be engaged in mission, then we should
part of the twentieth century into these first years try to bring that about. But on the other hand, this will
of the twenty-first. The context in which mission not happen if a wider body is not given the resources
is done, and the theology of mission that came out and the capacity to make decisions about mission.
of the Second Vatican Council has changed how In trying to think through these future dimensions, it
we imagine mission and how we engage in it. A is important to remember that mission is ultimately on
stronger sense of the Church as essentially mis- Gods terms. This is not our mission; it is Gods mis-
sionary, and the universal call to holiness and par- sion, in which we are called to participate. If indeed
ticipation in the mission of the Church has God is calling people into shorter and long-term mis-
changed the face of mission today. Consequently, sion, then it is up to us to find ways to make that hap-
we should be careful not to try to squeeze contem- pen.
porary experiences of mission too quickly into our ____________________________________
pre-arranged boxes. That the numbers of short-
1
term missioners have continued to grow so rapidly 2004-2005 Membership Survey Results. I am grateful to Mi-
may be one of those signs of the times to which chael Montoya, MJ, for making this available to me.
2
we should be attending. Our missiological strate- Statistics may be found in the executive summary at:
uscatholicmission.org/go/missionersurveystatistics/
gies should be informed by a praxis that feeds
missionhandbook.
back into our theology the experiences we are en- 3
Representative of this literature is Neil Howe and William
countering. Strauss, Millennials Rising: The Next Great Generation (New
York: Vintage Books, 2000).
Whose Terms? 4
These are published annually in The Chronicle of Higher Educa-
I wish to conclude with the final part of the title tion.
5
of this conference and this presentation; namely, Robert Putnam, Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of
on whose terms do we engage in mission? Human Community (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2000).
6
To a great extent, the terms have been set by the The proceedings of this conference may be found in Joseph
Holy See and by the religious institutes. The latter Lang and Mary Motte (eds.), Mission and Dialogue (Maryknoll,
NY: Orbis Books, 1982).
have carried the major part of what had been con- 7
Angelyn Dries, The Missionary Movement in American Catholic
sidered mission work. As their numbers decline History (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1998).
Sustainable Energy for Thousands trying to study with no or scarce electricity. Medical
facilities are forced to operate with expensive and pol-
luting generators while medical staff perform surgeries
The Power of the Sun and deliveries with only kerosene lanterns. To alleviate
photovoltaic project of the Sisters these problems the Sisters explored sustainable ways to
of Notre Dame de Namur will provide both pure water and electricity.
provide thousands of people in
Africa with electricity and clean Sisters in Nigeria and some of their workers were
water for homes, schools and trained by the engineers so that they will be skilled to
medical facilities. maintain the sites themselves with monitoring via satel-
lite done in the US. They learned the fundamentals of
The photovoltaic sites to be installed in both Ni- electricity, basic mechanical drawing and how to work
geria and Democratic Republic of the Congo will circuits, batteries and solar panels. Those trained are
convert sunlight directly into electricity. This now able to build their own teams to build and maintain
method is environment-friendly, modular, silent, their sites as well as train other Sisters throughout Nige-
needing no fuel, non-polluting, requiring easy ria and DRC.
The saint is precisely that man or woman who, responding with joy and generosity to Christs call,
leaves everything to follow him, the Holy Father said at the canonization of four new saints on Oc-
tober 15, 2006. One of these new saints is St. Teodora Gurin (1798-1856). Born Anne-Thrse in
France, she was sent by the Congregation of the Sisters of Providence to Indiana in 1839. The reli-
gious founded St. Mary-of-the-Woods College in Indiana in the United States. USCMA congratu-
lates the Sisters on the canonization of their foundress.
USCMA also celebrates the life of and mourns the death of Sr. Leonella Sgorbati, a Consolata Mis-
sionary Sister killed in Mogadishu in September 2006. Her life was also a response with joy and
generosity to Christs call. Our prayers go out to Sr. Leonellas family and the Consolata Mission-
ary Sisters.