Vol.1/No.

1 (2009)

INTERNETWORKING INDONESIA JOURNAL

Sholeh Hadi Pramono, and Rahmadwati

The Use of Wasum,
Fuzzy
Logic Method in SCADA to
Optimize Electric Power System Network Smart
Grid Based on Fault Detection

Abstract Smart grid is one of the solutions in terms of

distribution of electricity to make it more effective and reliable.
One of the main functions of the smart grid is to provide an
important role in maintaining the reliability of electricity
supply. Some sections in the smart grid including existing
equipment at the site and the central computer. In order to
deliver the data from the site to the central computer, a smart
grid instrument controllers like SCADA is needed. SCADA has a
role to monitor, control, and perform two-way communication
between equipment on site and the central computer. In SCADA
systems often have difficulty in obtaining data such as
uncertainty of data. Then we need a method to overcome it. In
this research, Fuzzy Logic is used to detect network conditions
against imposition and interference aspects overcurrent. Using
four input variables with three and four linguistic value of the
output variable with two values of linguistic and has produced
as many as 81 rule base. Identification of faults conducted by
high-low voltage and DC current. After SCADA systems was
validated and Fuzzy Logic was used, the research obtained
98.76% of the perfection of the system.
Index Terms Fault Detection, Fuzzy Logic, SCADA, Smart
Grid.

I. INTRODUCTION
lectrical energy requirement have increased every year
since 2008 to 2018 which was only 129 TWh (Tera Watt
Hour) to 325 TWh, it increased about 9.7%. The Government
try to build power generation facilities, arrange the
transmission network, and arrange the distribution network.
On the other hand, the electricity supply is limited and the
geography is quite difficult so the current electric energy
needs have not been entirely fulfilled. The electricity supply
in Indonesia, especially in the larger islands originate from
the interconnect. In contrast to the small islands that come
from isolated systems[1].
In the future, it is expected the power supply in Indonesia
using interconnected systems. To build this system, there are
several steps that need to be considered are: First, the
operation of new power plants and the addition of plant
reliability so that the plant's ability to anticipate growth in
demand including the addition of power meet. Second, the
increased reliability of the transmission system so that the
continuity of power supply is assured. Third, strengthening

Manuscript received October 9, 2001. This work was supported by the

Electrical Engineering, University of Brawijaya.
F. Author is with the Electrical Engineering, University of Brawijaya ,
Indonesia, Malang 65145. (e-mail: dwasum@yahoo.co.id).
S. Author is the Electrical Engineering, University of Brawijaya , Indonesia,
Malang 65145. (e-mail: sholehpramono@gmail.com).
T. Author is the Electrical Engineering, University of Brawijaya , Indonesia,
Malang 65145. (e-mail: rahma@ub.ac.id).

the transformer in the substation and the installation of the

capacitor so that the voltage is more stable according to the
needs. Fourth, increase the speed of recovery of power supply
in case of disturbances. Increasing the speed of this recovery,
including measures of automation of network operation of
electricity[2].
Based on the problem above, Gao and Redfern in 2011
tried to provide a solution that is by creating an electrical
distribution more effective and reliable. In his research, is
used smart grid. Because the smart grid is already using
smart devices, communication systems, and power
management system that can be relied upon [3].
Beside that it has a large capacity monitoring with
integrated data, sophisticated data analysis to support
decisions,
improved
electrical
safety,
effective
communication, supply the customers demand, as well as
reduce energy consumption and costs. Smart grids provide an
important role in maintaining the reliability of electricity
supply
Follow-up research conducted by Gao et al, Borlase in
2013 to provide solutions that make an instrument controllers
in smart grid. In this case is used Supervisory Control and
Data Acquisition (SCADA)[4]. SCADA is able to
communicate between the equipment at the site with a central
computer. Data taken from the site and then sent to a central
computer and then the data were used by the central computer
to manage and control existing equipment at the site. SCADA
usually used for SCADA large companies are able to reach
distant areas. Some of the advantages of other SCADA is the
data taken from the plant site to be real time, the appearance
of the graphical user interface (GUI), have a record (log) of
users and use of the device, has intelligent alarm, and have a
reliable security features.
According to Borlase et al explain that the SCADA system
consists of two main components, namely field devices such
as Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) and a central computer /
master stations. RTU is a microprocessor device that transfers
the telemetry data to the central computer. RTU are on site.
Another function RTU interface input / output, collecting
data, presenting data to a central computer, and manipulate
the data before it send to the central computer. While the
central computer is a computer system that is responsive to
the circumstances that occurred in the RTU. In large SCADA
system, the central computer has advantages like reducing
double data, distributed software, and recording events that
occur on any infrastructure.
According to research conducted by Hu Gouzhen et al in
2009, explain that SCADA systems are used for monitoring,
controlling, and 2-way communication between the central
computer and the photovoltaic power plant. There are two

ISSN: 1942-9703 / 2009 IIJ

2 INTERNETWORKING INDONESIA JOURNAL Author Et Al.

basic research, they are match between the conditions at the
plant site in the central computer and SCADA server
configuration [5].
Every complex system definitely will not be released with
risk. Some of the risks that occur in the SCADA including the
breakdown of communication between the central computer
and the device at the plant site, the data transmission is
unstable, which causes damage to system disturbances [6].
According to the research conducted by Kumar et al in
2004, namely the large SCADA systems often have difficulty
in obtaining data from the RTU. Some of the difficulties that
include the amount of noise, the uncertainty of the data,
ambiguous data obtained in the SCADA system using Fuzzy
Logic. Because Fuzzy Logic is able to cope with the
uncertainty and lack of precision data received from the RTU
to the central computer. In this method there are the
membership function and rule based on their need. In his
research, Kumar use the membership functions low, medium
and high [7].
From the explanation above, this research focus on the use
of Fuzzy Logic in SCADA. Which is used to detect network
conditions disruptions to loading and interference aspects
overcurrent.
II.METHOD OF RESEARCH
In SCADA system, the quality of the measurement depend
on the transducer and converter, telemetered to control the
system by using link communication. One of the component
in SCADA which is in the site plant is a Remote Terminal
Units (RTUs). Which provide the inputs and outputs such an
analogue-to-digital converters, digital-to-analogue converters,
analog input (metering), digital input (status) and digital
output (control) and multiple communication ports.
In this research used data types such as point to send and
receive points, disturbance and disruption distance. This sort
of data will be obtained from the following way:
-- First, Using data from the change in magnitude
shipping point so that the point of the power received will
adjust.
-- Second, using multiple nodes as a resource and form a
network (grid), then between the node was created a
disturbance (eg sort circuit) so it will affect the point of
receipt.
-- Third, perform the analysis using fuzzy logic with data
collection first and then process them to obtain the rule
against any condition of input results. Then the data will be
saved and will be used by Fuzzy Logic in determining the
output to obtain optimum use of the electric power source and
the load and be able to know the use of the group within the
disruption.
III. MODEL AND METHOD
In this research, the scheme on Smart Grid SCADA system
has been implemented, shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Schematic of SCADA systems on smart grid

It uses a sensor validation, the result of the sensor output

will be verified based on the response of the system
conditions, namely: First, PC Gateway is a unit which display
and store the data generated by the web part. Second, PC
Gateway will provide information in a SCADA system. Third,
status and control equipment will be read by the sensor device
that has a digital input and digital output. Fourth, the
measurement will be addressed by tools that have analog
sensor inputs.
The structure of the use of fuzzy logic shown in Figure 2.
Input

Rules

No. 1

No. 1

No. 2

No. 2

No. n

No. n

Output

Figure 2. Structure of fuzzy logic.

In fuzzification take input and determine the degree of

membership. In this research, take four inputs, namely arus1,
arus2, arus3 and arus4 and produces four outputs, namely
relay1, relay2, relay3 and relay4. The value of all the
linguistic input variables divided into three part: low, normal
and high. As for the linguistic value of the output is divided
into two: the open and close.
For more details can be seen in Figure 3.

Figure 3. Fuzzification of input and output

Each variable has a current membership functions as

shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4. Membership function of current variable

While the relay has a variable membership functions as

shown in Figure 5.

Vol.1/No.1 (2009)

INTERNETWORKING INDONESIA JOURNAL

No

Figure 5. Membership function of relay variable

While the scheme for fuzzy logic method is used as shown

in Figure 6.

Input
C1

C2
R4
1
2

C3
C4
=Relay4
= Open
= Close

Output
R1

R2

R3

R4

In this research, SCADA is used to view the status and the

measurement of all research instruments and data will be sent
to the PC Gateway. Then the data will be stored in the
existing database on a PC Gateway as shown in Figure 7.
Header

Body

Footer

Figure 7. SCADA Layout

Figure 6. Scheme of Fuzzy Logic

Fuzzy Logic method is implemented in SCADA

applications that are in the PC Gateway and have created as
many as 81 rule base. As an example can be seen in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Rule Base Fuzzy Logic
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Info :
Input

Output

Input
C1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Output

C2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3

C3
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
1
1

C4
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2

C1
C2
C3
C4
1
2
3
R1
R2
R3

= Current1
= Current2
= Current3
= Current4
= Low
= Normal
= High
=Relay1
=Relay2
=Relay3

R1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

R2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2

R3
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1

R4
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1

Layout SCADA used is divided into three sections: Header,

Body and Footer. In the Header section is used for the
placement of logos, titles, multiple menus that are used and
the time and date information. While in the Body section is
used to display the selected features. In the footer section is
used to display events and alarm that occur in real time.
IV. RESULT
To ensure the research instrument goes well, then there are
several things to note are: First, all devices in good condition.
Second, the communication between the central computer
connected to the site and to make sure they can use the ping
command at a command prompt. Third, adjust the
configuration of SCADA system with sensors and actuators
by means Activate / Deactivate Communication.
A. Measurement
In this study used four measurements of solar panels. The
solar panel is working to transform solar energy into DC
power. These solar panels have each specification Maximum
Power (Pmax) of 100W.
Figure 8 is one of the voltage measurements ever done.
Values measured voltage is up to 20V, and the smallest time
used is milliseconds (ms).

Figure 8. Voltage Measurement

In this measurement has also been implemented with fuzzy

logic membership functions numbers 1-2 are low, the rate of
2 to 18 is normal and the number >18 is high. In the

ISSN: 1942-9703 / 2009 IIJ

4 INTERNETWORKING INDONESIA JOURNAL Author Et Al.

measurement of value of <2 and >18 then the graph shown in
red. Still in the chart, a green triangle mark illustrates the
highest voltage and red triangles depict the lowest voltage
during the measurement takes place.
B. Experiment
In this research, the tests aimed to find out that the system
design results is functioning properly and in accordance with
the recommended specifications.
Tests were conducted are: First, the solar panel testing to
determine the amount of voltage and current generated by
solar energy. Second, test the analog input module to
determine the amount of voltage and current generated by the
solar panel modules. This module requires a power supply of
24V and analog inputs will work when given a maximum
voltage of 10V or given a maximum current of 250mA. Third,
test the digital input module and a digital output is used as a
tool to monitor and control existing equipment at the site.
This module will work when given a voltage of 24V. Fourth,
test the relays are used for resource sharing between the point
and the solar panels as to avoid excessive load limiters. This
relay will work at a voltage of 24V. Fifth, test the SCADA
system that serves to communicate between the hardware to
the user. The display of this test is shown in Figure 9.

(a)

(b)

(c)

Figure 10. Faults Scenario

Scenario (a) is positive when the cable broke, (b) is negative cable broke and (c)
are negative and positive wires broke.

V.CONCLUSION
The use of Fuzzy Logic is conducted to determine the
membership function of the four input and four output size of
the current condition of the relay. Membership function
obtained as much as 81 rule base. The calculation of Fuzzy
Logic has been implemented into the SCADA system.
REFERENCES
[1]

Figure 9. Display SCADA Testing

Info : AI (Analog Input), DI (Digital Input) and DO (Digital Output).

In Figure 9 show features such as charts that serve as

graphic measurement, the measuring menu of the port AI0 AI7 are used as inputs to the measurement and contained in
the analog input module. While on the Status menu there is a
port DI0 - DI13 is used to view the status of tools and DO0 DO7 used as a control tool. For DI and DO modules
contained in the digital input and digital output.
Sixth, test the use of Fuzzy Logic in SCADA stored on
charts and graphs will be red when it has a value of <2 and
>18.
Faults scenario used to test and measure the resistance of
the system are made. Several scenarios have been made faults
seen in Figure 10.

Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN). 2008. Rencana Usaha Penyediaan

Tenaga Listrik (RUPTL) PT. PLN (Persero) Tahun 2009-2018. Jakarta :
Perusahaan Listrik Negara.
[2] Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN). 2015. Statistik PLN 2014. Jakarta :
Perusahaan Listrik Negara.
[3] Gao, C dan Redfern, M.A. (2011). A Review of Voltage Control in Smart
Grid and Smart Metering Technologies on Distribution Networks. 46th
International Universities Power Engineering Conference. UPEC. 5-8
September 2011. Germany.
[4] Borlase, Stuart, Smart Grid: Infrastructure, Technology, and Solutions.
CRC Press. Boca Raton, 2013.
[5] Guozhen, Hu, Tao, Cai, Changsong, Chen dan Shanxu, Duan. (2009).
Solution for SCADA System Configuration Reliability in Photovoltaic
Power Plant. IEEE. IPEMC2009. P 2482-2485.
[6] Hamoud, Gomaa, Chen, Rong-Liang dan Bradley, Ian. (2003). Risk
Assessment of Power System SCADA. p 758-764.
[7] Kumar, Parmod, Jamil, Majid, Thomas, Mini S dan Moinuddin, (1999).
Fuzzy Approach to Fault Classification for Transmission Line Protection.
IEEE. TENCON. p 1046-1050.
[8] Naba, Agus, Belajar Cepat Fuzzy Logic Menggunakan MATLAB.
Yogyakarta : Andi Publisher, 2009.
[9] M. Ibrahim, Ahmad, Fuzzy Logic for Embedded Systems Applications.
USA : Newnes, 2004.
[10] J. Ross, Timothy, Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications 2nd Edition.
USA: John Wiley & Sons, 2004.
Wasum, was born June 27, 1987 in Cirebon, Indonesia. He
received
the
Bachelor
Degree
from
Bandung
Institute of Technology and the Master's Degree from
University of Brawijaya.
His research interests include information technology and
networking.
Sholeh Hadi Pramono, was born July 28, 1958 in Kediri,
Indonesia. He received the Bachelor Degree from University of
Brawijaya, the Master's Degree from University of Indonesia
and the Doctors Degree from University of Indonesia.

Vol.1/No.1 (2009)

INTERNETWORKING INDONESIA JOURNAL

His research interests are in the telecommunication, photonic, signal, model and
analysis Information Technology.
Rahmadwati, was born November 2, 1977 in Malang,
Indonesia. She received the Bachelor Degree from University
of Brawijaya, the Master's Degree from Gajah Mada
University and the Ph.D Degree from Wollongong.
His research interests are image processing and control system.

ISSN: 1942-9703 / 2009 IIJ