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Sacramento, California
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"Sacramento" redirects here. For other uses, see Sacramento
(disambiguation).

Sacramento, California
State capital and charter city
City of Sacramento

Clockwise from top left: California State Capitol, Sacramento RT Light Rail train through Midtown,
Raley FieldView from West Sacramento, Downtown Sacramento skyline, Sacramento Memorial
Auditorium, Sacramento Tower Bridge

Flag

Seal

Nickname(s): "City of Trees", "Sactown", "Sac", "Sacto"

Motto: Latin: Urbs Indomita
(English: "Indomitable City")

Location of Sacramento in Sacramento County, California

Sacramento, California

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Location in the United States

Coordinates:

383320N 1212808W
Coordinates:

Country
United States of America
State
California
County
Sacramento
Region
Sacramento Valley
CSA
Sacramento-Roseville
MSA
SacramentoRosevilleArden-Arcade
Incorporated
February 27, 1850[1]
Chartered
1920[2]
Named for
Sacrament of the Holy Eucharist
Government
Type

383320N 1212808W

City Council[3]
Body
Sacramento City Council
Mayor
Kevin Johnson[4]
City Council[4]
Councilmembers
[show]

Area[5]
City
100.105sqmi (259.273km2)
Land
97.915sqmi (253.600km2)
Water
2.190sqmi (5.673km2) 2.19%
Elevation[6]
30ft (9m)
Population (April 1, 2010)[7]
City
466,488
Estimate(2014)[7]
485,199
Density
4,700/sqmi (1,800/km2)
Urban[8]
1,723,634
Metro[9]
2,149,127
CSA[10]
2,414,783
Demonym(s)
Sacramentan
Time zone
Pacific (UTC8)
Summer (DST)
PDT (UTC7)
ZIP codes
942xx, 958xx
Area code
916
FIPS code
06-64000
GNIS feature IDs
1659564, 2411751
Website

cityofsacramento.org

Sacramento (/skrmnto/; Spanish:[sakamento]) is the capital city of the

U.S. state of California and the seat of Sacramento County. It is at the
confluence of the Sacramento River and the American River in the northern
portion of California's expansive Central Valley. Its estimated 2014 population
of 485,199 made it the sixth-largest city in California, and the 35th largest city
in the United States.[7][11] Sacramento is the cultural and economic core of the
Sacramento metropolitan area, which includes seven counties with a 2010
population of 2,414,783.[10] Its metropolitan area is the fourth largest in
California after the Greater Los Angeles area, the San Francisco Bay Area,
and the San Diego metropolitan area, and is the 27th largest in the United
States. In 2002, the Civil Rights Project at Harvard University conducted for
TIME magazine named Sacramento "America's Most Diverse City".[12]
Sacramento became a city through the efforts of the Swiss immigrant John
Sutter, Sr., his son John Augustus Sutter, Jr., and James W. Marshall.
Sacramento grew quickly thanks to the protection of Sutter's Fort, which was
established by Sutter in 1839. During the California Gold Rush, Sacramento
was a major distribution point, a commercial and agricultural center, and a
terminus for wagon trains, stagecoaches, riverboats, the telegraph, the Pony
Express, and the First Transcontinental Railroad.
The city was named after the Sacramento River, which forms its western
border. The river was named by Spanish cavalry officer Gabriel Moraga for
the Santsimo Sacramento (Blessed Sacrament), referring to the Catholic
Eucharist.
California State University, Sacramento, more commonly known as
Sacramento State or Sac State, is the largest university in the city and one of
23 campuses in the California State University system. University of the
Pacific's Sacramento Campus is a private university with one of its three
campuses in Sacramento. In addition, the University of California, Davis, is in
nearby Davis, 15 miles (24km) west of the capital. The UC Davis Medical
Center, a world-renowned research hospital, is located in the city of
Sacramento.
Contents [hide]
1
History
1.1
Indigenous culture
1.2
Spanish exploration
1.3
Mexican Period: Sutter's Fort and New Helvetia
1.4
From pioneers to gold fever

1.5
Remnants of downtown Sacramento's Chinatown
1.6
Capital city
1.7
Modern era
2
Geography and climate
2.1
Geography
2.2
Cityscape
2.3
Climate
3
Demographics
3.1
2010
3.2
2000
4
Economy
4.1
Top employers
5
Culture and arts
5.1
Old Sacramento
5.2
Theater arts
5.3
Visual arts
5.4
Museums
5.5
Music
5.6
Film
5.7
Food
6
Sports
6.1
Professional teams
6.2

Other sports
7
Parks and recreation
8
Government and politics
8.1
County government
8.2
Federal and state representation
9
Education
9.1
Colleges and universities
9.2
K12 schools
10
Media
10.1
Magazines
10.2
Newspapers
10.3
Radio
10.4
Television stations
11
Transportation
11.1
Roads and highways
11.2
Amtrak service
11.3
Walkability
11.4
Airport
11.5
Other transportation options
12
Cemeteries
13
Notable residents
14
Sister cities
15
See also

16
Notes
17
References
18

History[edit]

External links

Main article: History of Sacramento, California

See also: Timeline of Sacramento, California

Indigenous culture[edit]
Nisenan (Southern Maidu) and Plains Miwok Native Americans had lived in
the area for perhaps thousands of years. Unlike the settlers who would
eventually make Sacramento their home, these Native Americans left little
evidence of their existence. Traditionally, their diet was dominated by acorns
taken from the plentiful oak trees in the region, and by fruits, bulbs, seeds,
and roots gathered throughout the year.

Spanish exploration[edit]
In 1808, the Spanish explorer Gabriel Moraga discovered and named the
Sacramento Valley and the Sacramento River. A Spanish writer with the
Moraga expedition wrote: "Canopies of oaks and cottonwoods, many
festooned with grapevines, overhung both sides of the blue current. Birds
chattered in the trees and big fish darted through the pellucid depths. The air
was like champagne, and (the Spaniards) drank deep of it, drank in the
beauty around them. "Es como el sagrado sacramento! (It's like the Blessed
Sacrament.)"[13] The valley and the river were then christened after the "Most
Holy Sacrament of the Body and Blood of Christ", referring to the Catholic
sacrament of the Eucharist.

Mexican Period: Sutter's Fort and New Helvetia[edit]

Inside the historical Sutter's Fort. Main building housing John Sutter's offices. 2009

John Sutter first arrived on August 13, 1839 at the divergence of the American
and Sacramento Rivers with a Mexican land grant of 50,000 acres. The next
year, he and his party established Sutter's Fort, a massive adobe structure
with walls eighteen feet high and three feet thick.[14]
Representing Mexico, Sutter called his colony New Helvetia, a Swiss inspired
name, and was the political authority and dispenser of justice in the new
settlement. Soon, the colony began to grow as more and more pioneers
headed west. Within just a few short years, John Sutter had become a grand
success, owning a ten-acre orchard and a herd of thirteen thousand cattle.
Fort Sutter became a regular stop for the increasing number of immigrants
coming through the valley. In 1847, Sutter hired James Marshall to build a
sawmill so that he could continue to expand his empire.[14]

From pioneers to gold fever[edit]

Sacramento in 1849

Sutter received 2,000 fruit trees in 1847, which started the agriculture industry
in the Sacramento Valley. In 1848, when gold was discovered by James W.
Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma (located some 50 miles (80.5km)
northeast of the fort), a large number of gold-seekers came to the area,
increasing the population. John Sutter, Jr. then planned the City of
Sacramento 2 miles south of New Helvetia, in association with Sam Brannan
against the wishes of his father, naming the city after the Sacramento River
for commercial reasons. He hired topographical engineer William H. Warner
to draft the official layout of the city, which included 26 lettered and 31
numbered streets (today's grid from C St. to Broadway and from Front St. to
Alhambra Blvd.). However, a bitterness grew between the elder Sutter and his
son as Sacramento became an overnight commercial success (Sutter's Fort,
Mill and the town of Sutterville, all founded by John Sutter, Sr., would
eventually fail).
The citizens of Sacramento adopted a city charter in 1849, which was
recognized by the state legislature in 1850. Sacramento is the oldest
incorporated city in California, incorporated on February 27, 1850.[15] During
the early 1850s, the Sacramento valley was devastated by floods, fires and
cholera epidemics. Despite this, because of its position just downstream from

the Mother Lode in the Sierra Nevada, the new city grew, quickly reaching a
population of 10,000.

Remnants of downtown Sacramento's Chinatown[edit]

Paifang at Sacramento's Chinatown Mall

Throughout the early 1840s and 1850s, China was at war with Great Britain
and France in the First and Second Opium Wars. The wars, along with
endemic poverty in China, helped drive many Chinese immigrants to America.
Many first came to San Francisco, which was then the largest city in
California, which was known as "Dai Fow" (The Big City) and some came
eventually to Sacramento (then the second-largest city in California), which is
known as "Yee Fow" (Second City). Many of these immigrants came in hope
of a better life as well as the possibility of finding gold in the foothills east of
Sacramento.
Sacramento's Chinatown was located on "I" Street from Second to Sixth
Streets. At the time, this area of "I" Street was considered a health hazard
because - lying within a levee zone - it was lower than other parts of the city,
which were situated on higher land. Throughout Sacramento's Chinatown
history, there were fires, acts of discrimination, and prejudicial legislation such
as the Chinese Exclusion Act that was not repealed until 1943. The
mysterious fires were thought to be set off by those who did not take a liking
to the Chinese working class.[16] Ordinances on what was viable building
material were set into place to try to get the Chinese to move out.
Newspapers such as The Sacramento Union wrote stories at the time that
portrayed the Chinese in an unfavorable light to inspire ethnic discrimination
and drive the Chinese away. As the years passed, a railroad was created
over parts of the Chinatown, and further politics and laws would make it even
harder for Chinese workers to sustain a living in Sacramento. While the east
side of the country fought for higher wages and fewer working hours, many
cities in the western United States wanted the Chinese out because of the
belief that they were stealing jobs from the white working class.
The Chinese remained resilient despite these efforts. They built their
buildings out of bricks just as the building guidelines were established. They
helped build part of the railroads that span the city as well as made a great

contribution to the transcontinental railroad that spans the United States.

They also helped build the levees within Sacramento and its surrounding
cities. As a result, the Chinese are a well-recognized part of Sacramento's
history and heritage.
While most of Sacramento's Chinatown has now been razed, a small
Chinatown mall remains as well as a museum dedicated to the history of
Sacramento's Chinatown and the contributions Chinese Americans have
made to the city. Amtrak sits along what was part of Sacramento's Chinatown
"I" Street.[17][18]

Capital city[edit]

California's State Capitol Building

The California State Legislature, with the support of Governor John Bigler,
moved to Sacramento in 1854. The capital of California under Spanish (and,
subsequently, Mexican) rule had been Monterey, where in 1849 the first
Constitutional Convention and state elections were held. The convention
decided that San Jose would be the new state's capital. After 1850, when
California's statehood was ratified, the legislature met in San Jose until 1851,
Vallejo in 1852, and Benicia in 1853, before moving to Sacramento. In the
1879 Constitutional Convention, Sacramento was named to be the
permanent state capital.
Begun in 1860 to be reminiscent of the United States Capitol in Washington,
D.C., the Classical Revival style California State Capitol was completed in
1874. In 1861, the legislative session was moved to the Merchants Exchange
Building in San Francisco for one session because of massive flooding in
Sacramento. The legislative chambers were first occupied in 1869 while
construction continued. From 1862 to 1868, part of the Leland Stanford
Mansion was used for the governor's offices during Stanford's tenure as the
Governor; and the legislature met in the Sacramento County Courthouse.

The Tower Bridge, built in 1935, a popular landmark

With its new status and strategic location, Sacramento quickly prospered and
became the western end of the Pony Express. Later it became a terminus of
the First Transcontinental Railroad, which began construction in Sacramento
in 1863 and was financed by "The Big Four"Mark Hopkins, Charles
Crocker, Collis P. Huntington, and Leland Stanford.
In 1850 and again in 1861, Sacramento citizens were faced with a completely
flooded town. After the devastating 1850 flood, Sacramento experienced a
cholera epidemic and a flu epidemic, which crippled the town for several
years. In 1861, Governor Leland Stanford, who was inaugurated in early
January 1861, had to attend his inauguration in a rowboat, which was not too
far from his house in town on N street. The flood waters were so bad, the
legend says, that when he returned to his house, he had to enter into it
through the second floor window. From 1862 until the mid-1870s Sacramento
raised the level of its downtown by building reinforced brick walls on its
downtown streets, and filling the resulting street walls with dirt. Thus the
previous first floors of buildings became the basements, with open space
between the street and the building, previously the sidewalk, now at the
basement level. Most property owners used screw jacks to raise their
buildings to the new grade. The sidewalks were covered, initially by wooden
sidewalks, then brick barrel vaults, and eventually replaced by concrete
sidewalks. Over the years, many of these underground spaces have been
filled or destroyed by subsequent development. However, it is still possible to
view portions of the "Sacramento Underground".
The same rivers that earlier brought death and destruction began to provide
increasing levels of transportation and commerce. Both the American and
especially Sacramento rivers would be key elements in the economic success
of the city. In fact, Sacramento effectively controlled commerce on these
rivers, and public works projects were funded though taxes levied on goods
unloaded from boats and loaded onto rail cars in the historic Sacramento Rail
Yards. Now both rivers are used extensively for recreation. The American

River is a 5-mph (8-km/h) waterway for all power boats (including jet-ski and
similar craft) (Source Sacramento County Parks & Recreation) and has
become an international attraction for rafters and kayaking.
The Sacramento River sees many boaters, who can make day trips to nearby
sloughs or continue along the Delta to the Bay Area and San Francisco. The
Delta King, a paddlewheel steamboat which for eighteen months lay on the
bottom of the San Francisco Bay, was refurbished and now boasts a hotel, a
restaurant, and two different theaters for nightlife along the Old Sacramento
riverfront.

Modern era[edit]

Sacramento Regional Transit Light-Rail

The city's current charter was adopted by voters in 1920.[19] As a charter city,
Sacramento is exempt from many laws and regulations passed by the state
legislature. The city has expanded continuously over the years. The 1964
merger of the City of North Sacramento with Sacramento substantially
increased its population, and large annexations of the Natomas area
eventually led to significant population growth throughout the 1970s, 1980s,
and 1990s.
Sacramento County (along with a portion of adjacent Placer County) is
served by a customer-owned electric utility, the Sacramento Municipal Utility
District (SMUD). Sacramento voters approved the creation of SMUD in 1923.
[20] In April 1946, after 12years of litigation, a judge ordered Pacific Gas &
Electric to transfer title of Sacramento's electric distribution system to SMUD.
Today SMUD is the sixth-largest public electric utility in the U.S., and is a
leader for innovative programs and services, including the development of
clean fuel resources, such as solar power.[21] The year following the creation
of SMUD, 1924, brought several events in Sacramento: Standard Oil
executive Verne McGeorge established McGeorge School of Law, American
department store Weinstock & Lubin opened a new store at 12th and K
street, the US$2 million Senator Hotel was open, Sacramento's drinking
water became filtered and treated drinking water, and Sacramento boxer

Georgie Lee fought Francisco Guilledo, a Filipino professional boxer known

as Pancho Villa, at L Street Auditorium on March 21.[22]

Barracks set up for families of Japanese ancestry at the Sacramento Assembly Center.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Japanese American internment processing

in Sacramento.

Early in World War II, the Sacramento Assembly Center (also known as the
Walerga Assembly Center) was established to house Japanese Americans
forcibly "evacuated" from the West Coast under Executive Order 9066. The
camp was one of fifteen temporary detention facilities where over 110,000
Japanese Americans, two-thirds of them U.S. citizens, were held while
construction on the more permanent War Relocation Authority camps was
completed. The assembly center was built on the site of a former migrant
labor camp, and inmates began arriving from Sacramento and San Joaquin
Counties on May 6, 1942. It closed after only 52 days, on June 26, and the
population of 4,739 was transferred to the Tule Lake concentration camp. The
site was then turned over to the Army Signal Corps and dedicated as Camp
Kohler. After the war and the end of the incarceration program, returning
Japanese Americans were often unable to find housing and so 234 families
temporarily lived at the former assembly center. Camp Kohler was destroyed
by a fire in December 1947, and the assembly center site is now part of the
Foothill Farms-North Highlands subdivision.[23]
The Sacramento-Yolo Port District was created in 1947, and ground was
broken on the Port of Sacramento in 1949. On June 29, 1963, with 5,000
spectators waiting to welcome her, the Motor Vessel Taipei Victory arrived.[24]
The port was open for business. The Nationalist Chinese flagship, freshly
painted for the historic event, was loaded with 5,000 tons of bagged rice for
Mitsui Trading Co. bound for Okinawa and 1,000 tons of logs for Japan. She
was the first ocean-going vessel in Sacramento since the steamship Harpoon
in 1934. The Port of Sacramento has been plagued with operating losses in
recent years and faces bankruptcy. This severe loss in business is due to the

heavy competition from the Port of Stockton, which has a larger facility and a
deeper channel. As of 2006, the city of West Sacramento took responsibility
for the Port of Sacramento. During the Vietnam War era, the Port of
Sacramento was the major terminus in the supply route for all military parts,
hardware and other cargo going into Southeast Asia.

West America Bank Building

In 1967, Ronald Reagan became the last Governor of California to live

permanently in the city. A new executive mansion, constructed by private
funds in a Sacramento suburb for Reagan, remained vacant for nearly forty
years and was recently sold by the state.
The 1980s and 1990s saw the closure of several local military bases:
McClellan Air Force Base, Mather Air Force Base, and Sacramento Army
Depot. In 1980, there was another flood. The flood's damage affected the
"boat section" of Interstate 5. The culmination of a series of storms as well as
a faulty valve are believed to have caused this damage.

US Bank Tower completed in 2008

In the early 1990s, Mayor Joe Serna attempted to lure the Los Angeles
Raiders football team to Sacramento, selling $50million in bonds as earnest
money. When the deal fell through, the bond proceeds were used to construct

several large projects, including expanding the Sacramento Convention

Center Complex and refurbishing of the Memorial Auditorium. Serna renamed
a city park for migrant worker rights activist Cesar Chavez. Through his effort,
Sacramento became the first major city in the country to have a paid
municipal holiday honoring Chavez.
In spite of military base closures and the decline of agricultural food
processing, Sacramento has continued to experience population growth in
recent years. Primary sources of population growth are an influx of residents
from the nearby San Francisco Bay Area, as well as immigration from Asia
and Latin America. From 1990 to 2000, the city's population grew by 14.7%.
The Census Bureau estimates that from 2000 to 2007, the county's
population increased by nearly 164,000 residents.[25]
In the late 1990s and early 2000s (decade), Mayor Heather Fargo made
several abortive attempts to provide taxpayer financing of a new sports arena
for the Maloof brothers, owners of the Sacramento Kings NBA Basketball
franchise. In November 2006, Sacramento voters soundly defeated a
proposed sales tax hike to finance the plan. The defeat was due in part to
competing plans for the new arena and its location.
In 2002, Time magazine featured an article recognizing Sacramento as the
most diverse and integrated city in America.[26]
Despite a devolution of state bureaucracy, the state government remains by
far Sacramento's largest employer. The City of Sacramento expends
considerable effort to keep state agencies from moving outside the city limits.
[27] In addition, many federal agencies have offices in Sacramento.
The California Supreme Court normally sits in nearby San Francisco.

Geography and climate[edit]

Geography[edit]

The Sacramento River near the old pumping station

Aerial view of the city of Sacramento California, showing the geography of the surrounding
area.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city covers an area of
100.1 square miles (259km2), 97.81% of it land, and 2.19% of it water.
Depth to groundwater is typically about 30 feet (9m). Much of the land to the
west of the city (in Yolo County) is permanently reserved for a vast flood
control basin (the Yolo Bypass), due to the city's historical vulnerability to
floods. As a result, the greater metropolitan area sprawls only four miles
(6km) west of downtown (as West Sacramento, California) but 30 miles
(48km) northeast and east, into the Sierra Nevada foothills, and 10 miles
(16km) to the south into valley farmland.
The city is located at the confluence of the Sacramento River and the
American River, and has a deep-water port connected to the San Francisco
Bay by a channel through the SacramentoSan Joaquin River Delta. It is the
shipping and rail center for the Sacramento Valley. Food processing is among
the major industries in the area.[28]

Cityscape[edit]

Panoramic view of downtown Sacramento from West Sacramento

City neighborhoods[edit]
The city groups most of its neighborhoods into four areas:
Area one (central/eastern)[edit]
Alkali Flat, Boulevard Park, Campus Commons, Sacramento State, Dos Rios
Triangle, Downtown, East Sacramento, Fab Forties, Mansion Flats, Marshall

School, Midtown, New Era Park, Newton Booth, Old Sacramento, Poverty
Ridge, Richards, Richmond Grove, River Park, Elmhurst, Sierra Oaks,
Southside Park.[29]
Area two (southwestern)[edit]
Airport, Carleton Tract, Freeport Manor, Golf Course Terrace, Greenhaven,
Curtis Park, Hollywood Park, Land Park, Little Pocket, Mangan Park,
Meadowview, Parkway, Pocket, Sacramento City College, South Land Park,
Valley Hi / North Laguna, Z'Berg Park.[30]
Area three (southeastern)[edit]
Alhambra Triangle, Avondale, Brentwood, Carleton Tract, Colonial Heights,
Colonial Village, Colonial Village North, Curtis Park, Elmhurst, Fairgrounds,
Florin, Industrial Park, Fruitridge Manor, Glen Elder, Glenbrook, Granite
Regional Park, Lawrence Park, Med Center, North City Farms, Oak Park,
Packard Bell, South City Farms, Southeast Village, Tahoe Park, Tahoe Park
East, Tahoe Park South, Tallac Village, Vintage Park, Churchill Downs, and
Woodbine.[31]
Area four (north of the American River)[edit]
Ben Ali, Del Paso Heights, Gardenland, Hagginwood, McClellan Heights
West, Natomas (north, south, west), North Sacramento, Northgate, Robla,
Swanston Estates, Terrace Manor, Valley View Acres, and Woodlake.[32]
Other areas[edit]
Additional prominent regions and neighborhoods in the city include American
River Parkway, Arden, Arden Fair, Cal Expo, Capital Avenue, Coffing, College
Glen, College Greens, Colonial Manor, Cordova, Creekside, East Fruitridge,
Elder Creek, Elkhorn, Elvas, Erikson Industrial Park, Excelsior Sunrise,
Foothill Farms, Franklin, Frates Ranch, Gateway Center, Gateway West,
Glenwood Meadows, Hansen Park, Heritage Park, Johnson Business Park,
Johnson Heights, Mayhew, Metro Center, Mills, Natomas Corporate Center,
Natomas Creek, Natomas Crossing, Natomas Park, Newton Booth, Noralto,
Northpointe, Norwood, Oak Knoll, Old North Sacramento, Parker Homes,
Point West, Raley Industrial Park, Regency Park, Richardson Village,
Richmond Grove, Rosemont, Sierra Oaks, Sports Complex, Strawberry
Manor, Sundance Lake, Swanston Palms, Town and Country Village, Upper
Land Park, Village 5, Village 7, Village 12, Village 14, Village Green, Walerga,
Walsh Station, West Del Paso Heights, Westlake, Willowcreek, Wills Acres,
Winn Park, Woodside and Youngs Heights.[33][34]

Climate[edit]
Sacramento has a Mediterranean climate (Kppen Csa), characterized by
damp to wet, mild winters and hot, dry summers. The wet season is generally
October through April, though there may be a day or two of light rainfall in
June or September. The normal annual mean temperature is 61.0F
(16.1C), with the monthly daily average temperature ranging from 46.4F

(8.0C) in December to 75.5F (24.2C) in July.[35] Summer heat is often

moderated by a sea breeze known as the "delta breeze" which comes
through the SacramentoSan Joaquin River Delta from the San Francisco
Bay, and temperatures cool down sharply at night.
The foggiest months are December and January. Tule fog can be extremely
dense, lowering visibility to less than 100 feet (30m) and making driving
conditions extremely hazardous. Chilling tule fog events have been known to
last for several consecutive days or weeks. During Tule fog events,
temperatures do not exceed 50 degrees.
Snowfall is rare in Sacramento, which is only 25ft (7.6m) above sea level. In
the downtown area, there have been only 3 significant snow accumulations
since 1900, the last one being in 1976.[36] During especially cold winter and
spring storms, intense showers do occasionally produce a significant amount
of hail, which can create hazardous driving conditions. Snowfall that does fall
in the city often melts upon ground contact, with traceable amounts occurring
in some years. Significant annual snow accumulations occur in the foothills
located 40 miles (64km) east of the city, which had brief and traceable
amounts of snowfall in January 2002, December 2009 and February 2011.[37]
[38]

On average, there are 73 days where the high exceeds 90F (32C), and 14
days where the high exceeds 100F (38C); On the other extreme, there are
15 days where the temperature does not exceed 50F (10C), and 15
freezing nights per year.[35] Official temperature extremes range from 18F
(8C) on December 22, 1990 to 115F (46C) on June 15, 1961;[35] a
station around 5mi (8.0km) east-southeast of the city dipped to 17F (8C)
on December 11, 1932.[39]
The average annual precipitation is 18.52 inches (470mm). On average,
precipitation falls on 60 days each year in Sacramento, and nearly all of this
falls during the winter months. Average January rainfall is 3.67in (93mm),
and measurable precipitation is rare during the summer months. In February
1992, Sacramento had 16 consecutive days of rain, resulting in an
accumulation of 6.41in (163mm) for the period. On rare occasions,
monsoonal moisture surges from the Desert Southwest can bring upper-level
moisture to the Sacramento region, leading to increased summer cloudiness,
humidity, and even light showers and thunderstorms. Monsoon clouds do
occur, usually during late July through early September. Sacramento is the
second most flood susceptible city in the United States after New Orleans.[40]
Sacramento has been noted as being the sunniest location on the planet for
three months of the year, from July through September. It holds the distinction
as the sunniest month, in terms of percent possible sunshine, of anywhere in
the world; July in Sacramento averages 14 hours and 12 minutes of sunshine
per day, amounting to approximately 98% of possible sunshine.[41]

[show]
Climate data for Sacramento, California (Sacramento Executive Airport),
19812010 normals,[a] extremes 1941present[b]
[show]
Climate data for Sacramento 5 ESE, California (19812010 normals,[a]
extremes 1877present)

Demographics[edit]

Historical population
Census
Pop.
%
1850
6,820

1860
13,785
102.1%
1870
16,283
18.1%
1880
21,420
31.5%
1890
26,386
23.2%
1900
29,282
11.0%
1910
44,696
52.6%
1920
65,908
47.5%
1930
93,750

42.2%
1940
105,958
13.0%
1950
137,572
29.8%
1960
191,667
39.3%
1970
257,105
34.1%
1980
275,741
7.2%
1990
369,365
34.0%
2000
407,018
10.2%
2010
466,488
14.6%
Est. 2015
490,712
[46]

5.2%
U.S. Decennial Census[47]

[hide]
Racial composition
2010[48]
1990[49]
1970[49]
1940[49]
White
45.0%

60.1%
81.5%
94.2%
Non-Hispanic
34.5%
53.4%
71.4%[50]
n/a
African American
14.6%
15.3%
10.7%
1.4%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race)
26.9%
16.2%
11.0%[50]
n/a
Asian
18.3%
15.0%
6.5%
4.3%
2010[edit]

The 2010 United States Census[51] reported that Sacramento had a population
of 466,488. The population density was 4,660.0 people per square mile
(1,799.2/km).
The racial makeup of Sacramento was:
210,006 (45.0%) White
68,335 (14.6%) African American
85,503 (17.8%) Asian (4.2% Chinese, 3.3% Hmong, 2.8% Filipino,
1.6% Indian, 1.4% Vietnamese, 1.2% Laotian, 1.2% Japanese, 0.3%
Pakistani, 0.3% Korean, 0.3% Thai, 0.2% Cambodian)
6,655 (1.4%) Pacific Islander (0.6% Fijian, 0.2% Tongan, 0.2%
Samoan)
5,291 (1.1%) Native American
57,573 (12.3%) other races
33,125 (7.1%) from two or more races.
Hispanic or Latino of any race were 125,276 persons (26.9%); 22.6% of
Sacramento's population is of Mexican heritage, 0.7% Puerto Rican, 0.5%
Salvadoran, 0.2% Guatemalan, and 0.2% Nicaraguan.[52] Non-Hispanic
Whites were 34.5% of the population in 2010,[48] down from 71.4% in 1970.[49]
The Census reported that 458,174 people (98.2% of the population) lived in
households, 4,268 (0.9%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and

4,046 (0.9%) were institutionalized. Also, with the recent housing crash there
have been no changes to these numbers.
There were 174,624 households, out of which 57,870 (33.1%) had children
under the age of 18 living in them, 65,556 (37.5%) were opposite-sex married
couples living together, 27,640 (15.8%) had a female householder with no
husband present, 10,534 (6.0%) had a male householder with no wife
present. There were 13,234 (7.6%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and
2,498 (1.4%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 53,342 households
(30.5%) were made up of individuals and 14,926 (8.5%) had someone living
alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was
2.62. There were 103,730 families (59.4% of all households); the average
family size was 3.37.
Sacramento has one of the highest LGBT populations per capita, ranking
seventh among major American cities, and third in California behind San
Francisco and slightly behind Oakland, with roughly 10% of the city's total
population identifying themselves as gay, lesbian, or bisexual.[53]
The age distribution of the city was follows: 116,121 people (24.9%) were
under the age of 18, 52,438 people (11.2%) aged 18 to 24, 139,093 people
(29.8%) aged 25 to 44, 109,416 people (23.5%) aged 45 to 64, and 49,420
people (10.6%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33.0
years. For every 100 females there were 94.9 males. For every 100 females
age 18 and over, there were 92.2 males.
There were 190,911 housing units at an average density of 1,907.1 per
square mile (736.3/km), of which 86,271 (49.4%) were owner-occupied, and
88,353 (50.6%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was
2.8%; the rental vacancy rate was 8.3%. 231,593 people (49.6% of the
population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 226,581 people
(48.6%) lived in rental housing units.

2000[edit]
As of the census[54] of 2000, there are 407,018 people, 154,581 households,
and 91,202 families residing in the city. The population density is 4,189.2
people per square mile (1,617.4/km). There are 163,957 housing units at an
average density of 1,687.5 per square mile (651.5/km). The racial makeup of
the city is 41.1% White, 19.5% African American, 1.3% Native American,
12.6% Asian, 0.9% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, 11.0% from other
races, and 6.4% from two or more races. 21.6% of the population are
Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There are 154,581 households out of which 30.2% have children under the
age of 18 living with them, 38.4% are married couples living together, 15.4%
have a female householder with no husband present, and 41.0% are nonfamilies. 32.0% of all households are made up of individuals and 9.2% have

someone living alone who is 65years of age or older. The average household
size is 2.57 and the average family size is 3.35.

The Roman Catholic Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament in Cathedral Square, downtown.

In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 27.3% under the age
of 18, 10.4% from 18 to 24, 30.7% from 25 to 44, 20.2% from 45 to 64, and
11.4% who are 65years of age or older. The median age is 33years. For
every 100 females there are 94.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and
over, there are 91.0 males.
The median income for a household in the city is $37,049, and the median
income for a family is $42,051. Males have a median income of $35,946
versus $31,318 for females. The per capita income for the city is $18,721.
20.0% of the population and 15.3% of families are below the poverty line. Out
of the total population, 29.5% of those under the age of 18 and 9.0% of those
65 and older are living below the poverty line.
Factors such as mild climate, a location at the crossroads of major interstate
highways and railroads, and the availability of campsites along the rivers, as
well as an outlook of tolerance, allow homeless people to survive.
Sacramento is notably diverse racially, ethnically, and by household income,
and has a notable lack of interracial disharmony. In 2002, the Civil Rights
Project at Harvard University conducted for TIME magazine named
Sacramento "America's Most Diverse City".[12] The U.S. Census Bureau also
groups Sacramento with other U.S. cities having a "high diversity" rating of
the diversity index.[55]

Economy[edit]
Sutter Health, Blue Diamond Growers, Aerojet, Teichert, and The McClatchy
Company are among the companies based in Sacramento.

Top employers[edit]
As of 2012,[56] the top employers in the City of Sacramento were:

#
Employer
Employees
1
State of California
69,763
2
Sacramento County
11,450
3
UC Davis Health System
7,725
4
Dignity Health/Catholic Healthcare West
7,069
5
Intel
6,633
6
Kaiser Permanente
6,360
7
Sutter Health
5,765
8
Elk Grove Unified School District
5,021
9
Sacramento City Unified School District
5,000
10
San Juan Unified School District
4,700
11
City of Sacramento
4,083

Culture and arts[edit]

The Big Four Building in Old Sacramento

Old Sacramento[edit]
The oldest part of the town besides Sutter's Fort is Old Sacramento, which
consists of cobbled streets and many historic buildings, several from the
1850s and 1860s. Buildings have been preserved, restored or reconstructed,
and the district is now a substantial tourist attraction, with rides on steamhauled historic trains and paddle steamers.
The historic buildings include the Lady Adams Building, built by the
passengers and ship's carpenters of the ship Lady Adams.[57] Having survived
the Great Conflagration of November 1852, it is the oldest surviving building
in Sacramento other than Sutter's Fort.[57]

Reconstruction of California's first permanent theatre, the Eagle Theatre (Sacramento,

California)

Another surviving landmark is the B.F. Hastings building, built in 1853. Early
home of the California Supreme Court and the location of the office of
Theodore Judah, it also was the western terminus of the Pony Express.[58]
The "Big Four Building", built in 1852, was home to the offices of Collis
Huntington, Mark Hopkins, Leland Stanford, and Charles Crocker. The
Central Pacific Railroad and Southern Pacific Railroad were founded there.
The original building was destroyed in 1963 for the construction of Interstate
5, but was re-created using original elements in 1965. It is now a National
Historic Landmark. Also of historic interest is the Eagle Theatre (Sacramento,

California), a reconstruction of California's first permanent theatre in its

original location.

Theater arts[edit]

The Community Center Theatre (foreground)

There are several major theatre venues for Sacramento. The Sacramento
Convention Center Complex governs both the Community Center Theatre
and Memorial Auditorium. The Wells Fargo Pavilion is the most recent
addition in 2003. It is built atop the old Music Circus tent foundations. Next to
that is the McClatchy Main stage, originally built as a television studio, which
was renovated at the same time the pavilion was built. It is the smaller of the
venues and provides seating for only 300. The Sacramento Ballet,
Sacramento Philharmonic Orchestra and the Sacramento Opera perform at
the Community Center Theater.
Professional theatre is represented in Sacramento by a number of
companies. California Musical Theatre and its Summer stock theatre, Music
Circus, lure many directors, performers, and artists from New York and Los
Angeles to work alongside a large local staff for their productions at the Wells
Fargo Pavilion.

The Wells Fargo Pavilion, Sacramento Theatre Company and Music Circus

During the fall, winter and spring seasons Broadway Sacramento brings bus
and truck tours to the Community Center Theater. At the B Street Theatre,
smaller and more intimate professional productions are performed as well as
a children's theatre that will soon be opening a larger theatre complex in the
heart of midtown in 2014. Rounding out the professional companies is Capital
Stage, which performed aboard the Delta King until the end of the 20102011
season and soon took up residence at its own venue along the J-Street
corridor.
The Sacramento area has one of the largest collection of community theatres
in California. Some of these include the Thistle Dew Dessert Theatre and
Playwrights Workshop, Davis Musical Theatre Co., El Dorado Musical
Theatre, Runaway Stage Productions, River City Theatre Company, Flying
Monkey Productions, The Actor's Theatre, KOLT Run Productions,
Kookaburra Productions, Big Idea Theatre, Celebration Arts, Lambda Player,
Light Opera Theatre of Sacramento, Synergy Stage and the historic Eagle
Theatre. The Sacramento Shakespeare Festival provides entertainment
under the stars every summer in William Land Park. Many of these theatres
compete annually for the Elly Awards overseen by The Sacramento Area
Regional Theatre Alliance or SARTA.

Visual arts[edit]
The Sacramento Metropolitan Arts Commission is an organization which was
established as the Sacramento arts council in 1977 to provide several arts
programs for the city. These include Art in Public Places, Arts Education,
Grants and Cultural Programs, Poet Laureate Program, Arts Stabilization
Programs and Other Resources and opportunities.
Sacramento Second Saturday Art Walk is a program of local art galleries that
stay open into the late evenings every second Saturday of each month,
providing a unique experience for the local population as well as tourists to
view original art and meet the artists themselves.

Museums[edit]

The Crocker Art Museum

Sacramento has several major museums. The Crocker Art Museum is the
oldest public art museum west of the Mississippi River. On July 26, 2007, the
museum broke ground for an expansion that more than tripled the museum's
floor space. The modern architecture is very different from the museum's
original Victorian style building. Construction was completed in 2010.

Charles Christian Nahl, Sunday Morning in the Mines , 1872, Part of the permanent
collection of the Crocker Art Museum

Also of interest is the Governor's Mansion State Historic Park, a large

Victorian Mansion which was home to 13 of California's Governors. The
Leland Stanford Mansion State Historic Park, which was completely restored
in 2006, serves as the State's official address for diplomatic and business
receptions. Guided public tours are available. The California Museum for
History, Women, and the Arts, home of the California Hall of Fame, is a
cultural destination dedicated to telling the rich history of California and its
unique influence on the world of ideas, innovation, art and culture. The
museum educates tens of thousands of school children through inspiring
programs, sharing with world visitors California's rich art, history and cultural
legacy through dynamic exhibits, and serving as a public forum and
international meeting place. The California State Railroad Museum in Old
Sacramento has historical exhibits and live steam locomotives that patrons
may ride. The California Automobile Museum, located just south of Old
Sacramento, is filled with automotive history and vehicles from 1880 to 2006
and is the oldest non-profit automotive museum in the West. The mission of it
is to preserve, promote, and teach automotive culture and its influence on our
livespast, present and future. In addition, the Sacramento History Museum,
in the heart of Old Sacramento, focuses on the history of Sacramento from
the region's pre-Gold Rush history through the present day.
There is a Museum Day held in Sacramento every year, when 26 museums in
the greater Sacramento area offer free admission. The 2009 Sacramento
Museum Day brought out more than 80,000 people, the largest number the
event has gathered. Sacramento Museum Day is held every year on the first
Saturday of February.

Music[edit]
Tower Records was started and based in Sacramento until its closing.[59]
Rappers C-Bo, Marvaless, and Lunasicc are among those native to the area.
Classical music is widely available. The Sacramento Philharmonic Orchestra,
the Sacramento Baroque Soloists, the Sacramento Choral Society &
Orchestra, the Sacramento Youth Symphony, the Sacramento Master
Singers, the Sacramento Children's Chorus, and the Camellia Symphony
each present a full season of concerts.
Each year, the city hosts the Sammies, the Sacramento Music Awards.
Sacramento also has a reputation as a center for Dixieland jazz, because of
the Sacramento Jazz Jubilee which is held every Memorial Day weekend.
Events and performances are held in multiple locations throughout the city.
Each year thousands of jazz fans from all over the world visit for this one
weekend.
A growing number of rock, hardcore and metal bands hail from the
Sacramento area, including Tesla, Deftones, Papa Roach, Will Haven, Trash
Talk,[60][61][62] Dance Gavin Dance, A Lot Like Birds, Far, CAKE, !!!, Oleander
and Steel Breeze; plus some other famous musicians like record producer
and recording artist Charlie Peacock, Bob Stubbs of Social Distortion and
Craig Chaquico of Jefferson Starship.
Scottish pop band Middle of the Road sung kindly of Sacramento in their
1972 European hit song "Sacramento". Experimental groups such as Hella,
Death Grips, and Tera Melos also come out of Sacramento.

Film[edit]
Sacramento is home to the Sacramento French Film Festival, a cultural event
held every year in July that features U.S. premieres of French films and
classic masterpieces of French cinema and the Sacramento Japanese Film
Festival,[63] also held in July. In addition, Sacramento is home to the Trash
Film Orgy, a summer film festival celebrating the absurd, B-movies, horror,
monster, exploitation.[64] Founded in 2007, the Sacramento Horror Film
Festival showcases feature-length and short films as well as live musical and
theatrical performances in the horror and macabre genres.[65]
Of note, Sacramento has been home to various actors, including Eddie
Murphy, who resided in the Riverlake community of Pocket-Greenhaven with
his then wife Nicole Mitchell Murphy, a fashion model and Sacramento native.

Food[edit]
In 2012, Sacramento started the marketing campaign as "America's Farm-toFork Capital" due to Sacramento's many restaurants that source their food
locally from the numerous surrounding farms.[66] In 2012, The Kitchen was
nominated for Outstanding Restaurant by the James Beard Foundation.[67]
Sacramento is also known for its beverage culture, with keystone events that
include Cal Expo's Grape and Gourmet, Sacramento Beer Week, and

Sacramento Cocktail Week. Sacramento is home to well-known cookbook

authors, Biba Caggiano of Biba's Restaurant and Mai Pham of Lemongrass
and Star Ginger.[68]

Sports[edit]

Raley Field, home of the Sacramento Rivercats

Main article: Sports in Sacramento

Professional teams[edit]
Sacramento is home to one major league sports team the Sacramento
Kings of the National Basketball Association. The Kings came to Sacramento
from Kansas City in 1985. On January 21, 2013, a controlling interest of the
Sacramento Kings was sold to Chris Hansen, who intended to move the
franchise to Seattle for the 20132014 NBA season and rename the team the
Seattle SuperSonics.[69] Sacramento Mayor Kevin Johnson fought the move,
forming an ownership group led by Vivek Ranadive to keep the Kings in
Sacramento. On May 16, 2013, the NBA Board of Governors voted 228 to
keep the Kings in Sacramento.[70]
Sacramento has three other professional teams. Sacramento Republic FC
began play in April 2014 at Hughes Stadium before a sellout crowd of 20,231,
setting a USL Pro regular-season single game attendance record.[71][72] The
Republic FC won the USL championship in their first season. In 2000, AAA
minor league baseball returned to Sacramento with the Sacramento River
Cats, an affiliate of the San Francisco Giants and formerly an affiliate of the
Oakland Athletics. The River Cats play in Raley Field, in West Sacramento.
The Sacramento Express plays at Bonney Field in the newly formed PRO
Rugby competition which kicked off in 2016.
Sacramento is the former home of two professional basketball teams. The
Sacramento Heatwave of the American Basketball Association previously
played in the Sacramento area until 2013. Sacramento was also formerly
home to the now defunct Sacramento Monarchs of the WNBA. The Monarchs
were one of the eight founding members of the WNBA in 1997 and won the
WNBA Championship in 2005, but folded in November 2009.

Sacramento professional teams (ranked by attendance)

Club
League
Sport
Venue
Attendance
Established
Championships
Sacramento Kings
NBA
Basketball
Golden 1 Center
16,291
1945 (1985)
1 NBA, 2 NBL (as Rochester Royals)
Sacramento Republic FC
USL (D3)
Soccer
Bonney Field
13,763
2012
1 USL Pro
Sacramento River Cats
PCL (AAA)
Baseball
Raley Field
8,435
1978 (2000)
2 Triple-A titles, 4 League titles
Sacramento Express
PRO Rugby
Rugby union
Bonney Field

2016

Other sports[edit]

View of the city skyline from Raley Field

Sacramento has frequently hosted the NCAA Men's Outdoor Track and Field
Championship as well as the 1st and 2nd rounds of the NCAA Men's Division
I Basketball Championship. The California International Marathon (est. 1983)
attracts a field of international elite runners who vie for a share of the $50,000
prize purse. The fast course is popular for runners seeking to achieve a
Boston Marathon qualifying time and fitness runners.

Parks and recreation[edit]

Sacramento boasts an extensive park system consisting of over 5,000 acres

(2,023ha) of parkland and recreation centers.[73] The city features a collection
of smaller parks in the Downtown districts, including Crocker Park, Pioneer
Landing and Southside Park. Popular parks outside the central core include
American River Parkway which spans 23 miles along the American River, and
William Land Park.
In its 2013 ParkScore ranking, The Trust for Public Land reported that
Sacramento was tied with San Francisco and Boston for having the 3rd best
park system among the 50 most populous U.S. cities.[74] ParkScore ranks city
park systems by a formula that analyzes the city's median park size, park
acres as percent of city area, the percent of residents within a half-mile of a
park, spending of park services per resident, and the number of playgrounds
per 10,000 residents.
Sacramento is a hotbed for high school rugby. Jesuit High is the recent
defending national champion (winning five times in total). Their arch-rival
school Christian Brothers came in second nationwide. Burbank, Del Campo
and Vacaville have also placed well in the national competition over the
years. The Sacramento Valley High School Rugby Conference hosts the
largest and arguably deepest preseason youth and high school rugby
tournament in America.
Sacramento hosts some recreational facilities and events. The Jedediah
Smith Memorial Trail that runs between Old Sacramento and Folsom Lake
grants access to the American River Parkway, a natural area that includes

more than 5,000 acres (20km2) of undeveloped land. It attracts cyclists and
equestrians from across the state. The California State Fair is held in
Sacramento each year at the end of the summer, ending on Labor Day. In
2010, the State Fair moved to July. More than one million people attended
this fair in 2001.
Among other recreational options in Sacramento is Discovery Park, a 275acre (1.1km2) park studded with stands of mature trees and grasslands. This
park is situated where the American River flows into the Sacramento River.
In amateur sports, Sacramento claims many prominent Olympians such as
Mark Spitz, Debbie Meyer (6 time gold medalist in for US swimming), Mike
Burton, Summer Sanders (Gold medalist in swimming, and trained in
childhood by Debbie Meyer at Rio Del Oro Racquet Club), Jeff Float (all
swimming), and Billy Mills (track). Coach Sherm Chavoor founded his worldfamous Arden Hills Swim Club just east of the city and trained Burton, Spitz
and others.

Government and politics[edit]

Main article: Government of Sacramento, California

Sacramento City Hall

On the brink of the 2003 invasion of Iraq, protesters gather at the California Capitol
building

The government of Sacramento operates as a charter city (as opposed to a

general law city) under the Charter of the City of Sacramento. The elected
government is composed of the Sacramento City Council with 8 city council

districts and the Mayor of Sacramento, which operate under a mayor-council

government. In addition, there are numerous departments and appointed
officers such as the City Manager, Sacramento Police Department (SPD), the
Sacramento Fire Department (SFD), City Clerk, City Attorney, and City
Treasurer. As of 2015, the mayor is Kevin Johnson and the council members
are Angelique Ashby, Allen Warren, Jeff Harris, Steve Hansen, Jay Schenirer,
Rich Jennings, and Larry Carr.[4]

County government[edit]
See also: Government of Sacramento County, California
The City of Sacramento is part of Sacramento County, for which the
government of Sacramento County is defined and authorized under the
California Constitution, California law, and the Charter of the County of
Sacramento.[75] Much of the government of California is in practice the
responsibility of county governments, such as the Government of Sacramento
County. The county government provides countywide services such as
elections and voter registration, law enforcement, jails, vital records, property
records, tax collection, public health, and social services. The government of
Sacramento County is composed of the elected five-member Board of
Supervisors, several other elected offices, including the Sheriff, District
Attorney, and Assessor, and numerous county departments and entities under
the supervision of the County Executive Officer. Sacramento is located within
all of the supervisorial districts, currently represented by Phil Serna, Jimmie
R. Yee, Susan Peters, Roberta MacGlashan, and Don Nottoli. The other
officials elected in part by Sacramento residents currently include Sheriff
Scott Jones, District Attorney Anne Marie Schubert, and Assessor Kathleen
Kelleher. In addition, several other entities of the government of California
have jurisdiction conterminous with Sacramento County, such as the
Sacramento County Superior Court.

Federal and state representation[edit]

In the California State Senate, Sacramento is the heart of the 6th district,
represented by Democrat Richard Pan.[76] In the California State Assembly, it
is split between the 7th Assembly District, represented by Democrat Kevin
McCarty, and the 9th Assembly District, represented by Democrat Jim
Cooper.[77]
In the United States House of Representatives, Sacramento forms the
majority of the California's 6th congressional district, represented by
Democrat Doris Matsui.[78]

Education[edit]

Colleges and universities[edit]

The Sacramento area hosts a wide variety of higher educational
opportunities. There are two major public universities, many private

institutions, community colleges, vocational schools, and McGeorge School of

Law.
Public[edit]

Sacramento State north entrance

Sacramento is home to Sacramento State (California State University,

Sacramento), founded as Sacramento State College in 1947. In 2004,
enrollment was 22,555 undergraduates and 5,417 graduate students in the
university's eight colleges. The university's mascot is the hornet, and the
school colors are green and gold. The 300 acres (1.2km2) campus is located
along the American River Parkway a few miles east of downtown.
The University of California has a campus, UC Davis, in nearby Davis and
has a graduate center in downtown Sacramento. The UC Davis Graduate
School of Management (GSM) is near the UC Davis Medical Center off of
Stockton Boulevard near Highway 50. Many students, about 400 out of 517,
at the UC Davis GSM are working professionals and are completing their
MBA part-time.[79] The part-time program is ranked in the top-20 and is well
known for its small class size, world class faculty, and involvement in the
business community. UC also maintains the University of California
Sacramento Center (UCCS)[80] for undergraduate and graduate studies.
Similar to the UC's Washington, D.C., program, "Scholar Interns" engage in
both academic studies and as well as internships, often with the state
government. The UC Davis School of Medicine is located at the UC Davis
Medical Center between the neighborhoods of Elmhurst, Tahoe Park, and
Oak Park.
The Los Rios Community College District consists of several two-year
colleges in the Sacramento areaAmerican River College, Cosumnes River
College, Sacramento City College, Folsom Lake College, plus a large number
of outreach centers for those colleges. Sierra College is on the outskirts of
Sacramento in Rocklin.
Private, not for profit[edit]
University of the Pacific has its Sacramento Campus in the Oak Park
neighborhood of Sacramento. The campus houses McGeorge School of Law,

a top 100 law school according to U.S. News & World Report's annual
rankings of U.S. law schools (2006, 2007 & 2008). In 2015, the campus was
expanded to become a comprehensive graduate and professional campus,
including programs in analytics, business, education, health sciences, and
public policy.[81]
The National University Sacramento regional campus offers bachelor's and
master's degrees in business, education, health-care and teaching credential
programs.
The University of San Francisco has one of its four regional campuses in
Sacramento. At the undergraduate level they offer degrees in Applied
Economics, Information Systems, Organizational Behavior and Leadership,
and Public Administration. At the graduate level, Master's programs are
offered in: Information Security and Assurance, Information Systems,
Organization Development, Project Management, Public Administration,
Nonprofit Administration, and Counseling.[82]
The private University of Southern California has an extension in downtown
Sacramento, called the State Capital Center. The campus, taught by main
campus professors, Sacramento-based professors, and practitioners in the
State Capitol and state agencies, offers Master of Public Administration,
Masters of Public Policy, and Master of Public Health degrees.[83]
Epic Bible College and the Professional School of Psychology are also based
in Sacramento.
Western Seminary has one of its four campuses in Sacramento, which
opened on the campus of Arcade Church in 1991. Western is an evangelical,
Christian graduate school that provides theological training for students who
hope to serve in a variety of ministry roles including pastors, marriage and
family therapists, educators, missionaries and lay leadership. The
Sacramento campus offers four master's degrees, and a variety of other
graduate-level programs.[84]
Private, for profit[edit]
Sacramento has a number of private vocational schools as well.
A satellite campus of Alliant International University offers graduate and
undergraduate programs of study.
The Art Institute of California Sacramento was established in 2007, and is a
branch of The Art Institute of California Los Angeles. The school is focused
on educating students in the field of commercial arts. The school offers both a
Bachelor of Science and an Associate of Science degree, as well as diplomas
in some areas of study. Some majors the school offers are Digital Filmmaking & Video Production, Culinary Management, Graphic Design, and
Game Art & Design.
On J Street, there is the Lincoln Law School of Sacramento, a private,
evening-only law school program with a strong legal presence in the region.

The Universal Technical Institute (UTI) is in Sacramento; it offers automotive

programs in auto mechanical, auto body, and diesel.

K12 schools[edit]
The Sacramento Public Library system has 28 branches located in the
greater area. The Sacramento area is served by various public school
districts, including the Sacramento City Unified School District, Natomas
Unified School District, San Juan Unified School District, Twin Rivers Unified
School District, and Elk Grove Unified School District. As of 2009, the area's
schools employed 9,600 elementary school teachers (not including special
education teachers),[85] and 7,410 middle school teachers (not including
special education or vocational teachers).[86]
Public schools[edit]
Almost all areas south of the American River are served by the Sacramento
City Unified School District. The only exceptions are the Valley Hi/North
Laguna and Florin areas that are served by the Elk Grove Unified School
District.
Areas north of the American River are served by the remaining school
districts. This area was not originally part of the City of Sacramento and as
such is not served by Sacramento City Unified School District. North
Sacramento outside of Natomas and Robla (for K-8) is served by the Twin
Rivers Unified School District. The Robla area is served by the Robla School
District for K-8 and by Twin Rivers for 912. The Natomas region is served by
the Natomas Unified School District. The Campus Commons area and the
small portions of the Sierra Oaks neighborhood that fall into the city of
Sacramento are served by the San Juan Unified School District.
Private schools[edit]
Independent schools[edit]
While Roman Catholic institutions still dominate the independent school
scene in the Sacramento area, in 1964, Sacramento Country Day School
opened and offered Sacramento citizens an independent school that is
affiliated with the California Association of Independent Schools. SCDS has
grown to its present-day status as a learning community for students from
pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade. Additionally, the suburb of Fair Oaks
hosts the expansive riverside campus of the Sacramento Waldorf School, a
Steiner school adjacent to the Rudolf Steiner College, and the largest Waldorf
school in North America. Sacramento Waldorf School educates students from
pre-K through 12th grade on a secluded, pastoral site that incorporates a
large, functioning biodynamic farm.
Other religious schools[edit]
Shalom School is the only Jewish day school in Sacramento; however,
Brookefield School on property owned by Congregation B'nai Israel provides
extracurricular Jewish education.

Capital Christian School is a pre-school12th grade private, Christian school.

[87] There is a small Bible college on campus offering associate degrees in
Bible studies or theology. Sacramento Adventist Academy is another Christian
school in Greater Sacramento. This is a pre-school12 institution, as well.
There is one Islamic school in Sacramento, Masjid Annur, founded in 1988.

Media[edit]

Magazines[edit]

Comstock's Magazine
Government Technology Magazine
Sacramento Magazine
Sactown Magazine

Newspapers[edit]
Top two newspapers
The Sacramento Bee, the primary newspaper, was founded in 1857 by
James McClatchy. The Sacramento Bee is the flagship paper of The
McClatchy Company, the second-largest newspaper publisher in the
United States. The Sacramento Bee has won five Pulitzer Prizes in its
history and numerous other awards, including many for its progressive
public service campaigns promoting free speech (the Bee often
criticized government policy, and uncovered many scandals hurting
Californians), anti-racism (the Bee supported the Union during the
American Civil War and later publicly denounced the Ku Klux Klan),
worker's rights (the Bee has a strong history of supporting unionization),
and environmental protection (leading numerous tree-planting
campaigns and fighting against environmental destruction in the Sierra
Nevada).
The Sacramento Union, the Sacramento Bee's rival, started publishing
six years earlier in 1851; it closed its doors in 1994, with a revival
attempt lasting from 2005 to 2009. Writer and journalist Mark Twain
wrote for the Union in 1866.
Other newspapers
Sacramento Business Journal
Sacramento News & Review
The Sacramento Observer

Radio[edit]
Further information: List of radio stations in Sacramento

Television stations[edit]
Channel
Call Sign
Network
3

KCRA-TV
NBC
6
KVIE
PBS
10
KXTV
ABC
13
KOVR
CBS (O&O)
19
KUVS-DT
Univision (O&O)
27
TBA
3ABN
29
KSPX-TV
Ion (O&O)
31
KMAX-TV
CW (O&O)
32
KSTV-LP
Azteca
33
KCSO-LD
Telemundo
40
KTXL
Fox
58
KQCA
MyNetworkTV
64
KTFK
Telefutura (O&O)

Transportation[edit]
Roads and highways[edit]
The Sacramento region is served by several highways and freeways.
Interstate 80 (I-80) is the major east-west route, connecting Sacramento with

San Francisco in the west, and Reno in the east. Business 80 (the Capital
City Freeway) splits from I-80 in West Sacramento, runs through Sacramento,
and then rejoins its parent in the northwest portion of the city. U.S. Highway
50 also begins its eastern journey in West Sacramento, co-signed with
Business 80, but then splits off and heads toward South Lake Tahoe as the El
Dorado Freeway.
Interstate 5 (I-5) runs though Sacramento, heads north up to Redding, and
then heads south near the western edge of the California Central Valley
towards Los Angeles. California State Highway 99 runs through Sacramento,
heading closer to the eastern edge of the Central Valley, connecting to
Marysville and Yuba City in the north, and Fresno and Bakersfield in the
south. California State Highway 160 approaches the city after running along
the Sacramento River from Contra Costa County in the south, and then
becomes a major city street in Downtown Sacramento before turning into the
North Sacramento Freeway, going over the American River to Business 80.
Some Sacramento neighborhoods, such as Downtown Sacramento and
Midtown Sacramento are very bicycle friendly as are many other communities
in the region. As a result of litigation, Sacramento has undertaken to make all
city facilities and sidewalks wheelchair accessible. In an effort to preserve its
urban neighborhoods, Sacramento has constructed traffic-calming measures
in many areas.

Amtrak service[edit]

Amtrak's Sacramento Valley Rail Station serves as the city's main rail gateway

Amtrak provides passenger rail service to the city of Sacramento. The

Sacramento Valley Rail Station is on the corner of 5th and I streets near the
historic Old Town Sacramento and underwent extensive renovations in 2007.
The station serves as a Regional Transit light rail terminus.
Amtrak California operates the Capitol Corridor, a multiple-frequency service
providing service from the capital city to its northeastern suburbs and the San
Francisco Bay Area.[88]
Sacramento is the northern terminus of the Amtrak California San Joaquins
route which provide direct multiple-frequency passenger rail service to

California's Central Valley as far as Bakersfield; Thruway Motorcoach

connections are available from the trains at Bakersfield to Southern California
and Southern Nevada.
Sacramento is a stop along Amtrak's Coast Starlight route which provides
scenic service to Seattle via Klamath Falls and Portland to the north and to
Los Angeles via San Luis Obispo and Santa Barbara to the south.
Amtrak's California Zephyr serves Sacramento daily and provides service to
the east serving Reno, Salt Lake, Denver, Omaha, Chicago and intermediate
cities.
The Sacramento Valley Rail Station provides numerous Thruway Motorcoach
routes. One route serves the cities of Marysville, Oroville, Chico, Corning,
Red Bluff and Redding with additional service to Yreka and even Medford,
Oregon. A second serves the cities of Roseville, Rocklin, Auburn, Colfax,
Truckee, Reno and Sparks. The third and final thruway motorcoach route
serves Placerville, Lake Tahoe, Stateline Casinos, and Carson City, Nevada.
Each of these routes provides multiple frequencies each day.
Sacramento has the second busiest Amtrak station in California and the
seventh busiest in the country.

Walkability[edit]
A 2011 study by Walk Score ranked Sacramento 24th most walkable of fifty
largest U.S. cities.[89]

Airport[edit]
Sacramento International Airport
Sacramento International Airport (IATA: SMF,ICAO: KSMF,FAA LID: SMF) is
a public airport 10 miles (16km) northwest of downtown Sacramento, in
Sacramento County, California. It is run by Sacramento County. Southwest
Airlines currently accounts for half the airline passengers. Other airlines
include Delta, United, American Airlines and Alaska. In 2015, the airport
handled 9,608,948 passengers, an increase of 7.1% from 8,972,956
passengers in 2014.
Sacramento International Airport handles flights to and from various US
destinations (including Hawaii) as well as Mexico, Canada and connecting
flights to Europe, Asia, and South America.
The airport is best known for its red rabbit installation by Lawrence Argent
entitled "Leap".[90]

Other transportation options[edit]

This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help

improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced
material may be challenged and removed. (August 2016) (Learn how and when to
remove this template message)

Regional Transit (RT) light rail train pulls onto K Street

The city and its suburbs are served by Sacramento Regional Transit District,
which ranks as the eleventh busiest in the United States. Sac RT is a bus and
light-rail system, with 274 buses and 76 light-rail vehicles providing service for
58,200 daily passengers. The three Light-rail lines (Blue, Gold, & Green) is a
42.9mi (69.0km)[1] system with 54 stations. The Gold Line was extended
east as far as the city of Folsom, and more recently the Blue Line was
extended south from Meadowview Rd to Cosumnes River College.
Sacramento's light rail system goes to the Sacramento Valley Rail Station,
Cosumnes River College (Sacramento RT) in south Sacramento, and north to
Watt/I-80 where I-80 and Business 80 meet. The Light-rail Blue & Gold Lines
have 15 minute weekday headways and 30 minute weekday evening and
weekend/holiday headways; the Green Line has 30 minute weekday
headways and no weekend service. There are expansion plans to extend the
Green Line to Sacramento International Airport and the Blue Line to the City
of Roseville, California through the City of Citrus Heights, California. Also,
there is a planned street car line to connect downtown Sacramento with the
City of West Sacramento, California. Yolobus provides bus service to West
Sacramento and Yolo County.
Greyhound Lines provides intercity bus service to Portland, Reno, Los
Angeles, and San Francisco from its new station along Richards Boulevard.
Intercity bus service to San Francisco and Sparks, Nevada is offered by
Megabus.[91]
Bicycling is an increasingly popular transportation mode in Sacramento,
which enjoys a mild climate and flat terrain. Bicycling is especially common in
the older neighborhoods of Sacramento's center, such as Alkali Flat, Midtown,
McKinley Park, Land Park, and East Sacramento. Many employees who work

downtown commute by bicycle from suburban communities on a dedicated

bicycle path on the American River Parkway. Sacramento was designated as
a Silver Level Bicycle Friendly Community by the League of American
Bicyclists in September 2006. The advocacy organization Sacramento Area
Bicycle Advocates co-sponsors the Sacramento Area Council of
Governments' May is Bike Month campaign.
There is commuter bus service from Yolo County on Yolobus, from Solano
County on FAST, on two bus lines from Yuba County's Yuba Sutter Transit,[92]
from Amador Transit's Sacramento Line,[93] on Placer County Transit's Auburn
to Light Rail Line,[94] and from San Joaquin County on several SMART bus
lines.

Cemeteries[edit]

Odd Fellows Lawn Cemetery and Mausoleum[95]

Sacramento Historic City Cemetery[96]

Notable residents[edit]

See also: List of people from Sacramento

Sister cities[edit]

As of 2015, the City of Sacramento has 12 sister cities. They are:[97]

Country
City
Year of Partnership
Israel
Ashkelon
August 15, 2012
Palestine
Bethlehem
December 15, 2009
Moldova
Chiinu[98]
December 12, 1989
New Zealand
Hamilton
December 6, 1988
China
Jinan, Shandong
October 16, 1984
Switzerland
Liestal
March 21, 1989
Philippines
Manila

June 8, 1961
Japan
Matsuyama, Ehime
March 17, 1981
Mexico
Mexicali
Philippines
Pasay City
February 28, 2006
Nicaragua
San Juan de Oriente
February 28, 2006
South Korea
Yongsan-gu, Seoul
July 22, 1997
Spain
Valencia
July 12, 1990

See also[edit]
Geography portal

North America portal

United States portal
California portal
New Spain portal

List of cities and towns in California

List of largest California cities by population
List of mayors of Sacramento, California
List of people from Sacramento, California
Sacramento Metropolitan Fire District
University Arboretum at California State University, Sacramento

Notes[edit]
a

^ Jump up to:
Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest

a b

temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated
based on data at said location from 1981 to 2010.
Jump up
^ Official records for Sacramento were kept exclusively at the airport since 10
November 1941.[42]

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4.
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Yolo County
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WorldCat Identities VIAF: 157734749 LCCN: n79066525 GND: 4118202-9 BNF:
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Categories: Sacramento, CaliforniaCities in Sacramento County,
CaliforniaCities in Sacramento metropolitan areaCounty seats in

CaliforniaGeography of the Sacramento Valley (California)Incorporated

cities and towns in CaliforniaPopulated places on the Sacramento
RiverPopulated places established in 1839Populated places
established in 18501850 establishments in California

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