STATE ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY REVIEW ACT SCOPE Town of Colonie Landfill, Proposed Area 7 Development Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) Name of Action: Proposed Area 7 Development SEQR Status: Type 1 Lead Agency: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) I. DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED PROJECT Existing Town of Colonie Landfill Operations ‘The Town of Colonie owns and maintains permits for the operation of the Town of Colonie Landfill Facility. The Town of Colonie Landfill is located between U.S. Route 9 and Cohoes- Crescent Road in the northeast portion of Albany County, New York. The facility is currently operated by Capital Region Landfills, Inc. under contract with the Town of Colonie. The landfill is permitted to accept a maximum of 820 tons of waste per operating day (tpd) (based on a 25 operating day rolling average) provided that on an annual basis, no more than 255,840 tons per year are received and disposed of in the landfill. The wastes accepted at the landfill generally consist of residential waste, commercial waste, industrial/institutional waste, municipal solid waste, and other non-hazardous waste consisting of wastewater treatment plant sludge, water treatment plant sludge, incinerator ash, construction and demolition (C&D) debris, and non-hazardous contaminated soils. Of the approximately 253,000 tons of waste accepted at the landfill in 2013, approximately 182,000 tons was municipal solid waste. Consistent with the approved Solid Waste Management Plan and past practices, the landfill operates as a “regional, merchant solid waste management facility.” In 2013, approximately 92% of the total 253,000 tons of waste disposed of at the landfill originated from within the counties in the vicinity of the landfill: Albany (24%); Rensselaer (28%); Saratoga (35%); and ‘Washington (5%). ‘An Environmental Monitoring and Sampling Plan is implemented for the existing landfill areas pursuant to which groundwater, surface water and leachate quality are monitored. A landfill November 3, 2014g25 collection system is operated to collect and control landfill gas generated from the decomposition of landfilled wastes. Collected landfill gas is combusted in a landfill gas flare and an electric generating facility as described herein. Landfill eachate collected from the existing landfill areas is stored in on-site lagoons prior to discharging through municipal sewers to off- site treatment facilities. Upon reaching permitted capacity, the landfill will be closed in accordance with permit documents and applicable regulatory requirements. This closure will include capping the active areas (presently Areas 5 and 6) with an engineered geosynthetic membrane liner to prevent infiltration of precipitation into and through in-place wastes. Post-closure care will be provided for a minimum 30-year period following landfill closure, and will include continued environmental monitoring as well as cover maintenance and continued leachate and landfill gas ‘management. Financial assurance is required by permit to ensure that closure and post-closure requirements are met through the 30-year post-closure period. Project Background ‘The Town has proposed to undertake a Project involving the further development of its existing solid waste management facility (the “Proposed Area 7 Development”) as identified in the NYSDEC-approved Town of Colonie Solid Waste Management Plan (2007-2008 Solid Waste Management Plan Update, December 2009). This Scoping Document has been prepared in accordance with the regulations of the NYSDEC set forth at 6 NYCRR (Codes, Rules and Regulations of the State of New York) Part 617, which implement the State Environmental Quality Review (SEQR) Act. This Scoping Document outlines the topics and analyses of the potential environmental impacts of the Town's proposed Project. The Scoping Document will describe the Proposed Area 7 Development Project, identify any potentially significant adverse impacts, describe the extent and quality of information needed to address each impact, identify possible mitigation measures, and describe reasonable alternatives to be considered. The scoping process allows the scope of the Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) to be focused on the relevant environmental impacts to the environmental conditions and resources that may be affected by the Project and to eliminate irrelevant impacts or issues and to eliminate or de-emphasize non-significant impacts. SEQR Act Status SEQR establishes a process for the consideration of environmental factors in the planning stages of discretionary actions that are directly undertaken, funded, or approved by local, regional, and state agencies. SEQR requires an analysis of the range of potential significant, adverse environmental impacts of a proposed action and how those impacts can be avoided or minimized. November 3, 2014 2The Town of Colonie completed Part 1 of a Full Environmental Assessment Form (EAF) for the proposed project dated March 11, 2014 and the EAF was submitted to the NYSDEC. NYSDEC distributed a SER Lead Agency Coordination letter dated April 30, 2014 indicating its desire to act as Lead Agency. Project Summary The proposed Project will involve the development of Area 7 of the existing Town of Colonie Landfill which operates under NYSDEC Solid Waste Management Permit #4-0126-00033/00001. The landfill development, which will provide continued waste capacity beyond the currently permitted life, is proposed to continue to function as outlined in the Town of Colonie Solid Waste Management Plan. In all, the area of Project activities is anticipated to comprise approximately 112 acres on an approximately 200 acre site. The Project is a proposed horizontal and vertical landfill development generally to the north and west of the active landfill operations of the existing landfill and will increase the permitted height of the landfill to 517 feet above mean sea level (msl). The preliminary area of proposed liner construction (subject to completion of engineering report and the Part 360 application) Is anticipated to be approximately 58 acres {approximately 25 acres will be “new” waste footprint with the balance of new liner to be constructed over existing Areas 1-4 waste footprint), with an additional approximately 16 acres of vertical landfill development over the existing Areas 5 and 6. The Project will also involve the removal of the existing leachate storage lagoons and replacement with tanks and will involve the relocation of the facility entrance. Il, POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION ‘An EAF was prepared to determine the potential significance of the Project impacts. Based on this initial analysis, the following scope is provided for consideration. A. Topography, Geology & Soils Existing Conditions: The Project site is an existing operating landfill. The majority of the development area will be on historically disturbed areas or former landfill areas. The elevation outside of the footprint of existing waste placement ranges from 190 to 330 feet above msl and the existing permitted peak elevation within the waste placement footprint at closure is 430 feet above msl. The topography of the area surrounding the landfill can be described as rolling hills within the Mohawk River valley. The bedrock underlying the site consists of shales and graywackes of the Austin Glen Formation. Overlying bedrock are overburden glacial deposits consisting of glaciolacustrine silts and clays and glacial till deposits. On the eastern edge of the site alluvium deposits are present. November 3, 2014 3Potential Impact: The Project includes the development of the landfill to a completed peak elevation of 517 feet above msl as compared to a currently-permitted elevation of 430 feet above msl. Erosion and sedimentation are potential impacts that can occur when ground is disturbed for construction. This is particularly problematic when sediment-laden runoff from a project site reaches aquatic resources such as streams, rivers, lakes, ponds and wetlands. Anticipated Information Necessary to Address the Impact: The Federal Aviation Administration will be contacted to conduct an aeronautical study to determine any hazard to air navigation. A Site Investigation Report will be completed in support of the landfill design which will present detailed information regarding the site geology. The substantive findings in the Site Investigation Report will be summarized in the DEIS. Initial Identification of Mitigation Measures: The DEIS will identify areas that are most susceptible to erosion and stabilization issues and will describe anticipated measures to be implemented during construction phases to minimize soil transport and deposition. A ‘Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) is in place for current facility operations and construction. Prior to commencement of Area 7 construction activities, the SWPPP will be modified to include erosion and sedimentation controls which will be implemented to prevent erosion and sedimentation problems related to the construction and operation of the further landfill development. B. Surface Water Resources Existing Conditions: Surface water at the site generally flows directly or through perimeter ‘swales to eastern portions of the site and ultimately to the Mohawk River. In addition, surface water from along Route 9 and west of Route 9 flow onto the northwest portion of the site where it merges with site storm water and discharges as described above. Stormwater discharges from the existing landfill are regulated by NYSDEC permit. Leachate storage lagoons are present at the northeast portion of the site, but these do not discharge to surface water (collected leachate is pumped to a sanitary sewer for off-site treatment). Potential Impact: Construction activities have the potential to create impacts from erosion and sedimentation. The Proposed Area 7 Development will provide additional stormwater treatment capacity, which will improve the quality of stormwater discharges from the site. Anticipated Information Necessary to Address the Impact: Hydrologic modeling will be completed to evaluate stormwater flows during construction and from the operational and constructed landfill. The modeling and resulting stormwater controls will be summarized in the DEIS. November 3, 2014 4Initial Identification of Mitigation Measures: Erosion and sedimentation controls will be implemented to prevent erosion and sedimentation impacts during and after construction. ‘Stormwater discharges from constru ies will be subject to the requirements of a NYSDEC permit (MSGP for Industrial Stormwater Discharges). Additional stormwater treatment capacity will be provided by the proposed Project, improving the quality of stormwater discharges from the site. The removal of the existing leachate storage lagoons and replacement with covered leachate storage facilities in the southeast portion of the site will reduce potential impacts to surface water quality related to leachate storage. © Groundwater Resources Existing Conditions: The groundwater in the vicinity of the existing landfill has been impacted by historical waste placement. Site-specific geology is not consistent with aquifer materials (i.e., consisting principally of low permeability silts and clays with limited alluvium deposits) and there are no groundwater uses downgradient of the landfill. Groundwater flow across the site is generally to the east. Leachate storage lagoons are present at the northeast portion of the site, but these do not discharge to groundwater (collected leachate is pumped to a sanitary sewer for off-site treatment). Potential Impact: Landfill operations generate leachate from the exposure of waste (within both active areas as well as closed cells) to rain and snowfall. This leachate has the potential to leach into groundwater beneath the landfilled waste or due to accidental releases from the leachate storage lagoons. The DEIS will evaluate methods to protect contamination of the groundwater from the landfill operations. Anticipated Information Necessary to Address the Impact: A Site Investigation Report will be completed in support of the landfill design which will present detailed information regarding the site hydrogeology. Initial Identification of Mitigation Measures: The Proposed Area 7 Development will \corporate baseliner systems meeting the requirements of NYSDEC’s current Part 360 regulations to mitigate potential impacts to groundwater quality. The removal of the existing leachate storage lagoons and replacement with leachate storage tanks and secondary containment in the southeast portion of the site will reduce potential impacts to groundwater quality related to leachate storage. D. Terrestrial Resources . Existing Conditions: The Proposed Area 7 Development will be on an existing landfill site. The majority of the footprint of the project overlies areas already developed as landfill. Other areas, November 3, 2014 5proposed for development include existing solid waste facility buildings and pavement, leachate storage lagoons, a sedimentation basin, mowed grass areas and a small area of deciduous growth. Federal wetlands are located on the landfill property. NYSDEC-regulated wetlands (a portion of the 27.6 acre TN-10) are located in the eastern portion of the landfill property. Potential Impact: A small wooded area located within the Proposed Area 7 Development area would be eliminated by the Project. The ecological value of the small wooded area will be evaluated in the DEIS. The remaining areas proposed for development are already developed, largely as part of the existing solid waste management facility. The landfill property contains State and Federal wetland areas and the boundaries of the wetland areas that may be impacted by the Proposed Area 7 Development will be fully delineated and mapped. Initial wetland mapping indicates that the proposed Area 7 Development will result in the filling of approximately 2 acres of federal wetlands and that Project development activities will occur in some portions of the buffer areas of the state-regulated wetlands. Wetland impacts and work wit! approval and permitting. buffer areas will be subject to USACE and NYSDEC review, Anticipated Information Necessary to Address the Impact: Potential on-site miti were determined not to be feasible due to prior development, existing wetland areas and land constraints. After consultation with USACE and NYSDEC, off-site mitigation within the watershed was determined to be necessary. The DEIS will contain information related to the construction of a wetland mitigation project on Town of Colonie property along the Mohawk River west of the landfill site. Wetland impacts and mitigation will be subject to USACE and NYSDEC review, approval and permitting. Initial Identification of Mitigation Measures: The wetland and buffer area impacts and the mitigation project will be completed in accordance with permits issued by the USACE and NYSDEC. £. Wildlife Resources Existing Conditions: The Proposed Area 7 Development will be on an existing landfill site. The majority of the footprint of the project overlies areas already developed as landfill and support facilities with relatively low habitat value. This site is at the confluence of the Mohawk & November 3, 2014 6Hudson River which provides important habitat for a wide variety of birds. A bald eagle nesting area is located west of Route 9 on the Mohawk River. Potential Im pact: A small wooded area located within the Proposed Area 7 Development area inated by the Project. The remaining areas proposed for development are already developed, largely as part of the existing solid waste management facility. would be el The ecological value of the wooded and open space areas of the landfill will be evaluated for their habitat value and the potential impact that the development of these areas (e.g., conversion to landfill area followed by closure and return to open space) may have on bald eagles, other threatened or endangered species, as well as bird and deer populations which may be using these areas as part of their habitat. Anticipated Information Necessary to Address the Impact: The DEIS will present a detailed description of wildlife resources within the Proposed Area 7 Development Area and will include an evaluation of the potential impact to the bald eagle. Potential impacts to wildlife related to operational issues, such as use of the gas flares and use of rodenticides at and around the landfill, and any landfill buildings, will also be evaluated. The DEIS will also address any current or anticipated future issues related to deer populations at the landfill. Initial Identification of Mitigation Measures: ~The landfill facility currently implements a wildlife hazard management plan to control nuisance birds that may be attracted to the landfill, and it will continue to do so. Once the studies are completed, additional measures will be taken if identified as being necessary. F. Land Use and Community Character Existing Conditions: The existing Land Use is the Town of Colonie Landfill. Community character can be described as highway commercial along U.S. Route 9 (west of the landfill), vacant along Cohoes-Crescent Road (east of the landfill), and industrial (south of the landfill). Residential uses are present southwest of the Landfill property and a new development (including both commercial and residential uses) is under construction west of U.S. Route 9 from the southern portions of the existing landfill. Beyond the Mohawk River to the north and east are the Towns of Halfmoon and Waterford. These communities include industrial, commercial, recreational and residential uses. The site lies near the National Heritage Corridor (Erie Canalway}, the National Scenic Byway (Mohawk Towpath Byway). Potential Impact: The community impacts presented by landfills are primarily noise, odor, visual impact, and truck traffic, although the Proposed Area 7 Development represents a general November 3, 2014 7continuation of existing uses within the footprint of the existing landfill operations and there are no plans to modify landfill operational parameters. Each of these potential operational impacts is discussed in a separate section below and will be discussed in the DEIS. No other pacts to Land Use and Community Character are anticipated related to the Proposed Area 7 Development. Anticipated Information Necessary to Address the Impact: As described below, the DEIS will present an evaluation of noise, odor, visual impact, and truck traffic related to the Proposed Area 7 Development. Initial Identification of Mitigation Measures: As described below, the DEIS will present an evaluation of noise, odor, visual impact, and truck traffic related to the Proposed Area 7 Development. G. Visual Resource Existing Conditions: The topography of the area surrounding the landfill would be described as rolling hills in a river valley. The landfill is, therefore, consistent with the surrounding landscape. ‘The existing landfill is a significant component of the landscape as viewed from Route 9 and from areas to the east of the site (across the Mohawk River in Saratoga County) and that has been the case for several decades as the landfill has been developed. Potential Impact: The Project includes the development of the landfill to a completed peak elevation of 517 feet above msl as compared to a currently-permitted elevation of 430 feet above msl. Potential visual impacts in areas in proximity to the landfill will be evaluated as described below. The visual character of the Proposed Area 7 Development is anticipated to be consistent with the character of the existing permitted landfill (i.e., vegetated and operational areas upon a significant topographical feature within the Mohawk River valley). Anticipated Information Necessary to Address the Impact: To document that the character of surrounding views of the Proposed Area 7 Development will be consistent with the currently permitted landfill development, the DEIS will present photo-enhancements from five es to illustrate the future view toward the landfill from the following locations: Route 9, North of Crescent Bridge; © West of Route 9 South of the Crescent Bridge West of Route 9 South of Arrowhead Drive © East of the Mohawk River near Towpath Lane in the Town of Waterford; and © East of the Mohawk River at Canal Park in the Town of Waterford November 3, 2014 8The view from each perspective location will be enhanced to illustrate the currently permitted landfill geometry at full development. A second enhancement will be prepared to illustrate the Proposed Area 7 Development at full development for comparison. The two enhancements for each perspective location will be compared and differences discussed. Initial Identification of Mitigation Measures: Appropriate mitigation measures will be identified to address both the short-term and long-term impacts to the visual character of the surrounding area. The landfill operations will be designed to the extent practicable to minimize impact on the immediate area (e.g., initial perimeter development to allow waste placement activities to be screened from view for significant periods, maintenance and installation of perimeter vegetation, etc.). iH. Traffic Existing Conditions: The existing entrance and exit to the landfill is on U.S, Route 9 and is not signalized and there is a limited line of sight on U.S. Route 9. Currently, landfill-related traffic includes residents of the Town of Colonie, landfill employees and contractors, and commercial trucks transporting waste and materials to the landfill. Potential impact: The Proposed Area 7 Development does not include any change to existing permitted design capacity and therefore, operational traffic (ie., trip generation from waste deliveries, operational soil and other materials deliveries, employees and contractors) is not expected to change. However, as part of the Proposed Area 7 Development, the existing landfill entrance will be relocated to Arrowhead Lane. Access to this new entrance will be from the signalized intersection of U.S. Route 9 and Fonda Road through the Industrial Park onto Green Mountain Drive to Arrowhead Lane. Landfill-related traffic will be directed to these roads, which are not now used by landfill-related traffic. No additional traffic signals are anticipated as part of the Project. Anticipated Information Necessary to Address the Impact: A Traffic Impact Study will be presented in the DEIS to evaluate the significance of the proposed entrance relocation. {nitial Identification of Mitigation Measures: Additional mitigation would be proposed if required, based on the results of the Traffic Impact Study. The Project will include a queuing area adjacent to Arrowhead Lane to prevent truck queuing on local roads. L Air Quality Existing Conditions: Emissions from the landfill are currently authorized under an Air Title V permit issued by NYSDEC to the Town of Colonie. An active gas collection system is currently in place, and the collected gases are used to generate energy and any excess gas is burned in a November 3, 2014 9flare. Measures are in place to control dust associated with landfill roads and operations. Innovative Energy Systems, Inc. (IES) leases an area in the southeast portion of the landfill property and operates the electrical generating station utilizing landfill gas to produce electricity. The emissions from IES’ generator engines are authorized under a separate Air Title V permit issued by NYSDEC to IES. Potential Impact: The Proposed Area 7 Development will not increase landfill gas production beyond the permitted capacity of the current control devices, therefore, no impact (i.e., \crease in potential emissions) is anticipated. No changes to the flare or IES facility are being proposed as part of the Project. At this time, no modification to the landfill’s current air permit is anticipated for the Proposed Area 7 Development. Anticipated Information Necessary to Address the Impact: The DEIS will present a projection of landfill gas generation by the landfill including the Proposed Area 7 Development to confirm that the existing control devices have adequate permitted capacity to manage the projected quantity of landfill gas. Initial Identification of Mitigation Measures: The landfill will continue to operate in compliance with its air permit. IES will continue to operate under the requirements of its air permit. J. Odor Control Existing Conditions: An active gas collection system is currently in place, and the collected gases are used to generate energy and any excess gas is burned in a flare. The landfill currently employs several odor contro! measures including an odor neutralizer in the vicinity of the existing leachate lagoons, active collection and combustion of landfill gas, and focused placement of landfill cover. Composting activities which had been the source of some prior odor issues have recently ceased at the landfill site. Under an emergency authorization, the landfill accepted debris resulting from Hurricane Sandy in late 2012 and early 2013. The waste was placed in a relatively new area of the landfill which was not required to have an active landfill gas collection system in place yet. Due to the nature of the material (i.e., high moisture and high proportion of waste drywall) unexpectedly rapid degradation began soon after placement and the resulting landfill gas was particularly odorous. This resulted in off-site odors being identified in August 2013. Landfill gas collectors were installed in this area and connected to the landfill gas collection system in September 2013. ‘The response was immediately effective in controlling odors from the Hurricane Sandy debris Maintenance of the active landfill gas collection system (including those added to respond to the odors related to the Hurricane Sandy debris) to collect and treat landfill gas has proven to be an effective odor control measure. In 2014 (through September) there have been five odor November 3, 2014 10complaints received. One was related to the leachate lagoons and was corrected within two hours. The other four odor complaints were not detected upon investigation and were therefore considered unconfirmed, transient conditions. Potential Impact: The DEIS will present a summary of the landfill’s recent odor complaint stati review recent odor-related operational issues and responses (i.e., Hurricane Sandy debris, compost odors, and leachate lagoon odors). Existing odor measures will be continued throughout the operational period of the Proposed Area 7 Development and odors are not expected to increase beyond those of current permitted activities. The Proposed Area 7 Development will include the replacement of the current open-air leachate lagoons with covered tanks to prevent odors from leachate storage and the need for odor neutralizers in the Vicinity of the lagoons. The Project would result in working face operations (and potential odors associated with them) occurring to the north and west of current operations at times putting them approximately 1,000 feet closer to receptors to the north and approximately 500 feet closer to receptors to the west (a minimum distance of 100 feet from waste placement ‘operations to the property line will be maintained). ics and Anticipated Information Necessary to Address the Impact: The DEIS will present a summary of the landfill’s recent odor complaint statistics and will review recent odor-related operational issues and responses (e.g., Hurricane Sandy debris, compost odors, leachate lagoon odors, etc.). Initial Identification of Mitigation Measures: The landfill will continue to operate in compliance with its air permit. The landfill will continue active landfill gas collection and control as well as operational measures to control odor (e.g., active collection and combustion of landfill gas, and focused placement of landfill cover. K. Noise Existing Conditions: In the vicinity of the landfill, the noise environment is characterized by traffic related noise along U.S. Route 9 and from within the industrial park south of the landfill (e.g,, trucking, warehousing and cement plant operations). The majority of noise produced at the landfill comes from truck traffic traveling to and from the landfill and from engine, exhaust and back-up alarms sounds associated with the heavy equipment (waste delivery vehicles, dump trucks, loaders, dozers and compactors) used on the landfill’s working face. Potential Impact: Noise sources will be consistent with current conditions. Trucks traveling to the relocated entrance will travel on the same roads as existing truck traffic within the industrial park. Projected operational sound levels associated with the Proposed Area 7 Development will be assessed for the nearest residential receptors, and these will be compared November 3, 2014 1to the existing noise levels. Noise impacts associated with the proposed new truck route will also be assessed and evaluated for impacts to receptors along the route. Anticipated Information Necessary to Address the Impact: Projected sound levels associated with the Proposed Area 7 Development will be assessed for the nearest residential receptors, and these will be compared to the existing noise levels in accordance with the Part 360 Regulations and the NYSDEC Program Policy “Assessing and Mitigating Noise Impacts.” Ambient noise levels will be determined at locations surrounding the landfill, including one location east of the Mohawk River from the landfill. Projected noise levels resulting from ambient levels in conjunction with operations of the Proposed Area 7 Development during its various development stages will be evaluated. Initial Identification of Mitigation Measures: The landfill will continue to employ reasonable measures (smart backup alarms, properly maintained mufflers, working the perimeter berms) to reduce noise impacts. L. Cultural Resources Existing Conditions: Much of the project development will occur on areas that are already impacted by waste placement or landfill development. A Phase IA Literature Search/Sensitivity Assessment and Phase IB Archaeological Survey for the area of the Proposed Area 7 Development will be presented in the DEIS. The DEIS will present a summary of any archaeologically and historically sensitive areas in the vicinity of the development area, including those identified in the National Register of Historic Places. Potential Impact: The DEIS will present a summary of any archaeologically and historically ive areas in the vicinity of the development area. The Project will result in grading and sen: further waste placement in areas overlying the former location of the Erie Canal (which has been previously filled as part of prior landfill site development activities) and the installation of a drainage culvert in the vicinity of the former location of the Fonda Cemetery (which was previously relocated as part of Route 9 construction). Anticipated Information Necessary to Address the impact: A Phase IA Literature Search/Sensitivity Assessment and Phase |B Archaeological Survey for the area of the Proposed Area 7 Development will be presented in the DEIS. Initial Identification of Mitigation Measures: Any mitigation would be based on the results of the A Phase IA Literature Search/Sen: ‘Assessment and Phase IB Archaeological Survey. November 3, 2014 12ill, REASONABLE ALTERNATIVES ‘The alternatives analysis section of the DEIS will discuss a reasonable range of alternatives to the Proposed Area 7 Development that would achieve the same objective as the proposed project. This analysis will include different site development alternatives, the use of alternative waste management technologies, a “no action” alternative, and the siting of a new landfill location within the region. A relative cost comparison of the alternatives, will be provided in the DEIS. This alternatives analysis will include an evaluation of the need for the proposed landfill development, including an analysis of its economic feasibility in comparison to other potentially appropriate long-term disposal options. Consideration of both the adverse and beneficial consequences for each alternative listed below will be discussed in the DEIS. The following alternatives and their benefits and disadvantages will be considered and discussed. A No-Action The alternative of not further developing the current landfill will be deemed the no-action alternative. The discussion of this alternative in the DEIS will include an examination of potential economic effects that would result from the closure of the Town of Colonie Landfill once the current designed disposal cap: exhausted. Potential impacts of t related to the exportation of waste to other existing disposal locations, includ consumption and an increase in air contaminant emissions. alternative eased fuel B. Alternative Technologies ‘The development of alternative waste management technologies will also be included in the DEIS as a project alternative. Waste management alternatives such as Refuse Derived Fuel technologies, pyrolysis, hydrolysis, biogasification, mixed waste composting, and waste-to- energy technologies will be described and their effectiveness and ease of implementation will be discussed in the DEIS. Alternative waste disposal technologies, such as mass burn waste-to- energy technologies, would not eliminate the need for solid waste disposal capacity. A portion of the waste stream would remain to be landfilled as bypass wastes or process residues. Many of these alternative technologies are still in the development stages; regardless, the feasibility and concems associated with each technology will be examined in the DEIS. C. Alternative Development Scenarios ‘The current NYSDEC-approved Town of Colonie Solid Waste Management Plan (2007-2008 Solid ‘Waste Management Plan Update, December 2009) anticipated the design of Area 7 in 2014. Therefore, alternative on-site development scenarios were developed and evaluated in the early stages of the planning the Proposed Area 7 Development. Environmental, economic, and November 3, 2014 3logi al considerations were analyzed for each alternative to determine the practicability and feasibility of implementing each option. In addition to the Proposed Area 7 Development, the other development alternatives that will be discussed in the DE! WV. a FB clude: ‘* Eastern Development Southern Development * Northern Development OTHER DEIS COMPONENTS Executive Summary Cumulative Impacts Unavoidable Adverse Impacts that Cannot be Mitigated Growth-Inducing Impacts Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitment of Resources References Appendices * Phase IA Literature Search/Sensitivity Assessment and Phase IB Archaeological Survey, Curtin Archaeological Consulting, Inc. ‘+ Traffic Impact Study, SIMCO Engineering, P.C. * Visual Impact Assessment, Saratoga Associates, Landscape Architects, Architects, Engineers, and Planners, P.C. * Wetland Delineation Report, Bagdon Environmental, a PC, sion of Novus Engineering, November 3, 2014 14© Bald Eagle Surveys —Summary Report, Bagdon Environmental, a Division of Novus Engineering, P. November 3, 2014 15