Problem 5

From the following test results, determine the voltage regulation of a 2000 V, singlephase synchronous generator delivering a current of 100 A at (i) unity pf, (ii) 0,8 leading
pf and (iii) 0,8 lagging pf. The result :
Full-load current 100 A is produced on short circuit by a field excitation 2,5 A.
An emf 500 V is produced on open-circuit by the same excitation.
Armature resistance is 0,8 , and draw it phasor diagram.
Solution
Single-phase generator
V = 2200 V, Ra = 0.5 , I = 100 A

500 V

ISC
I = 100 A

If

3A
Synchronous impedance
Zs

E1 (occ )
= 500 / 100 = 5
I 1 ( scc )

Synchronous reactance
Zs2 = Ra2 + Xs2
or

X s Z s Ra

Diagram phasor

5 2 (0.5) 2 24.75 = 4.97

General form of voltage equation is

E (V cos IRa ) 2 (V sin IX s ) 2

1/ 2

positive sign for inductive load

negative sign for capacitive load
i) Unity power factor
cos = 1 ,

sin = 0

I Ra = 100 x 0.5 = 50 V
I Xs = 100 x 4.97 = 497 V

E (V cos IRa ) 2 ( IX s ) 2

1/ 2

E = [(2200 + 50)2 + 4972]1/2

E=

5309509 = 2304 V

%VR

E V
2304 2200
x100% =
x100%
V
2200

%VR = 4.72 %
ii) Pf 0.8 lead
cos = 0.8 , = 36.87o , sin = 0.6

E (V cos IRa ) 2 (V sin IX s ) 2

1/ 2

E = [(2200x0.8 + 50)2 + (2200x0.6 497)2]1/2

E = [(1760 + 50)2 + (1320 497)2]1/2
E = [(1810)2 + (823)2]1/2 = (3953429)1/2 = 1988 V

%VR

E V
1988 2200
x100% =
x100%
V
2200

%VR = - 9.7 %
iii) Pf 0.8 lag
cos = 0.8, sin = 0.6

E (V cos IRa ) 2 (V sin IX s ) 2

1/ 2

E = [(2200x0.8 + 50)2 + (2200x0.6 + 497)2]1/2

E = [(1760 + 50)2 + (1320 + 497)2]1/2
E = [(1810)2 + (1817)2]1/2 = (6577589)1/2 = 2565 V

%VR

E V
2565 2200
x100% =
x100%
V
2200

%VR = 16.6 %

Problem 6

A 3-phase, 800 kVA, 11 kV, star connected synchronous generator has resistance of 1,5
/phase and synchronizing reactance of 25 /phase. Find the percentage regulation for
a load of 600kW at 0,8 leading power factor.
Solution
3 phase generator
S = 800 kVA = 800,000 VA
VLL = 11 kV = 11,000 V
Ra = 1.5 , Xs = 25
Voltage/phase = 11000 /
3 x VLL x I

S=
or

3 = 6350 V

3V LL

800000
3 x11000

= 42 A

I Ra = 42 x 1.5 = 63 V
I Xs = 42 x 25 = 1050 V
Pf 0.8 lead
cos = 0.8 , = 36.87o , sin = 0.6

E (V cos IRa ) 2 (V sin IX s ) 2

1/ 2

E = [(6350x0.8 + 63)2 + (6350x0.6 1050)2]1/2

E = [(5080 + 63)2 + (3810 1050)2]1/2
E = [(5143)2 + (2760)2]1/2 = (34068049)1/2 = 5837 V
%VR

E V
5837 6350
x100% =
x100%
V
6350

%VR = - 8 %