Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1. PSS Regime
A.
B.
C.
D.
2. Skin Concept
3. Using S for Radial Flow in Flow Equations
4. Turbulent Flow
1. Superposition
A. Multiple Well
B. Multi Rate
C. Reservoir Boundary
Superposition Theorem
The principle of superposition is a powerful
concept that can be applied to remove the
restrictions that have been imposed on various
forms of solution to the transient flow equation.
Mathematically the superposition theorem states
that any sum of individual solutions to the
diffusivity equation is also a solution to that
equation.
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Appling Superposition:
Effects of Multiple Wells
Figure shows three
wells that are
producing at different
flow rates from an
infinite acting reservoir,
i.e., unsteady-state flow
reservoir. The principle
of superposition shows
that the total pressure
drop observed at any
well, e.g., Well 1, is:
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Appling Superposition:
Effects of Multiple Wells (Cont.)
The pressure drop at Well 1 due to
its own production is given by the
log-approximation to the Ei-function
solution presented by: (Qo1=oil flow
rate from well 1)
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Production and
Pressure History of a Multi-Rate Well
Consider the
case of a shutin well, i.e., Q
= 0, that was
then allowed
to produce at
a series of
constant rates
for the
different time
periods
shown in
Figure.
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Figure, which
shows a well
that is located
at distance r
from the nonflow boundary,
e.g., sealing
fault.
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Method of Images
in Solving Boundary Problems
The no-flow boundary can be represented by the
following pressure gradient expression:
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Method of Images
Consequently, the effect of the boundary on the
pressure behavior of a well would be the same as
the effect from an image well located a distance 2r
from the actual well.
In accounting for the boundary effects, the
superposition method is frequently called the
method of images.
Thus, for a well that is located at distance r from
the non-flow boundary, the problem reduces to one
of determining the effect of the image well on the
actual well.
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Well Performance
These lectures presents the practical reservoir
engineering equations that are designed to predict
the performance of vertical and horizontal wells.
Also describe some of the factors that are governing the
flow of fluids from the formation to the wellbore and
how these factors may affect the production
performance of the well.
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Productivity Index
A commonly used measure
of the ability of the well to
produce is the Productivity
Index.
Defined by the symbol J,
the productivity index is the
ratio of the total liquid flow
rate to the pressure
drawdown.
For a water-free oil
production, the
productivity index is given
by:
Fall 13 H. AlamiNia
Where
Qo = oil flow rate,
STB/day
J = productivity index,
STB/day/psi
pr = volumetric
average drainage area
pressure (static
pressure)
pwf = bottom-hole
flowing pressure
p = drawdown, psi
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Qo vs. p Relationship
Assuming that the wells
productivity index is
constant:
Where
p = drawdown, psi
J = productivity index
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Empirical Methods
to Predict NL Behavior of IPR
Several empirical methods are designed to predict
the non-linearity behavior of the IPR for solution
gas drive reservoirs.
Most of these methods require at least one stabilized
flow test in which Qo and pwf are measured.
All the methods include the following two computational
steps:
Using the stabilized flow test data, construct the IPR curve at
the current average reservoir pressure pr.
Predict future inflow performance relationships as to the
function of average reservoir pressures.
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C. Wiggins Method
D. Standings Method
E. Fetkovichs Method