Quirky Quantum Relativity

Quantum Mathematical Language

2016 by
PMa Tse
All rights reserved
Akadem (http://akademe.org)
ISBN 13:
ISBN 10:

Contents

Quirky QR

Overview
Quantum has become a generic term for everything
strange in the universe. The term derives from quanta,
meaning a fundamental unit of measure. For our purposes, we
use the term quantum to indicate fundamental. Occasionally
this does result in fundamental units of measure, and these
always have qualities consistent with relativity even when they
are not technically relativistic.
In Quantum Relativity (QR), we explore things from a
fundamental perspective, whether they result in convenient
quanta or not. Quite often they do not. Our material
perspective tends to result in quanta, which fails to
accommodate the full function of field theory to include the
creation and annihilation of matter. Creation, annihilation, and
potential are quantum phenomena applied to relatively
proportional identities (e.g. quanta).
In this book we will explore the truly fundamental, where
matter is created and annihilated. Creation and annihilation
are flip sides of the same thing. In creation, a container makes
a relative quanta possible, whereas in annihilation the
container is neutralized voiding the relative quanta. These
containers are change functions we will call entropies after the
classical Greek meaning of the word meaning to transform (as
opposed to the thermodynamics version: unavailable for
work). These are vital because they show not only how
particles are created and annihilated, but how they interact,
bond, entangle, and how their fields are defined.

Problem
Quantum physicists generally focus on particles in their
pursuit of the fundamental. The problem is that the quantum
universe is a completely different perspective. Our methods
and means make the pursuit of a non-human perspective very
difficult. Most of what we traditionally think of as fundamental
is actually emergent. Some things, like gravity, are both
fundamental and emergent.
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The quantum universe is often compared to Wonderland,

not just because of its quirkiness, but because it is a mystery
a realm beyond our ordinary experiences that we cannot
directly observe. At least not usually. Magnetic field lines and
light are common examples of the quantum universe showing
its face in our normal perspective. Without digging to the
actual and natural roots of reality, we cant distinguish what
belongs to Wonderland.
Quite by accident we occasionally trip on something
fundamental, such as Chromodynamics. Chromodynamics
describes and predicts particle behaviors and interactions.
When this was established, it supplanted String Theory as an
option and became part of what we call the Standard Model.
Here we came to recognize that the colors and anti-colors
of Chromodynamics match up to change functions and their
states (entropies). We go further though by defining exactly
what those change functions are then showing how they apply
to particles and their progression through different types of
interactions. The results of doing this are numerous, starting
with a periodic table of particles and progressing through the
field dynamics and equations leading into the relativistic
universe.
The relativistic universe is the advanced form of our
observed classical physics universe. It has familiar features
like mass, time, occupied spaces, conventional notions of
energy, etc. Most of our work in this book deals with the
quantum universe before all these familiar features emerge.
They are still there, but in quirky quantum ways that baffle the
imagination. These quirky ways are vital to the emergence of
relativistic qualities, in essence revealing the hidden variables.
Bells Theorem states that no amount of hidden variables
can supplant the necessity of quantum mechanics. Despite
our having these hidden variables and being able to go into
extreme details, the particle universe is so numerous and vast
that it is not possible to track absolutely every possible
interaction. The hidden variables help us in the details, and
can certainly help in fine tuning our statistical evaluations.
Einstein was right to say God does not play dice. If we
could gather absolutely all the information, with what we talk
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about in this book, we could predict without statistics.

Unfortunately, we are obstructed by the limits of our
observational and computational capacities. The universe is
the best computational program for solving itself. As such,
while God may not play dice, as Bell suggested, we have to.
Our real problem here is to establish language that comes
as close to reality as possible without thinking we have
actually achieved reality itself. It is language. The whole point
of Quantum Mathematical Language (QML) is to optimize our
communications and processing abilities from the perspective
of the universe itselfas opposed to what is convenient to us.
To an extent this is an exercise in simplicity, but dont be
fooled. The universe uses every bit of logic. If computers have
taught us anything, it is that simplicity is remarkably hard for
people to grasp.

Chapter Summaries
Quantum Concepts
Quantum qualities affect every level of physical reality.
Quantum rules are the general rules from which Relativity and
then Classical physics emerge as insights and exceptions to
those rules.
In this chapter we examine basic qualitative mathematical
concepts we need to understand to step through the looking
glass of Relativity into the Wonderland of the quantum
universe. This chapter introduces the concept of variables as
archetypes, breaks them down categorically then subcategorizes and maps the archetype variables as fundamental
multi-functional dimensions. Unlike ordinary dimensions, these
contain both procedural qualities and values.
Co-Imaginary Numbers
We begin our journey into Wonderland by exploring the
defining change variables called entropies after the classical
Greek meaning of the word (to transform). First we compare
quaternions and tessarines as truth arguments related to our
entropies. Unlike quaternions and tessarines, the entropies
have specific rational definitions that explain how values are
treated by them separate from the internal consistency of a
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truth table. It is from these logical definitions that the truth

tables emerge.
Unlike ordinary truth functions, though, the entropies are
subject to a broad range of interaction potentials, including
interacting in degrees. Such interactions are handled by Fuzzy
Logic, which shows how hypercomplex variables and
ultimately real and rational numbers emerge from the
entropies.
Topo-Complexity
While entropies are not themselves topologies, they
contain and shape spaces that topology defines. The universe
operates effortlessly by its definitions, consuming but never
wasting. Its primary set of operations is defined by the
hypercomplex phase entropy. As the main container, it
provides our common frame of reference from which shaped
spaces emerge.
At the quantum level, space initially emerges as a function
of matter contained by a single entropy condition. In such a
state the matter and its space is extra-temporal, whereas the
universe around it is temporal. This means every entropy
condition has two perspectives: how it is defined outside of
time and inside time.
These give us perspective aspects, show us cycles in
which the entropies define their spaces, cyclic processes of
managing transient energies, the resulting waves, and most
importantly, potentials and how they bond with each other.
Chromodynamics
The colors of quantum chromodynamics are states of
entropy containers. Particles are divided into six generations
and subtypes of similar structural identities. What colors go
into each identity is what constitutes structure. However, most
of the particles have no semblance to structure in a
conventional sense. Two types of strong interactions are
introduced to show how gluons interact as distinct from quarks
and baryons. The color coordination affects the emergence of
time, particle qualities, and notably charge.

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Mitosis and Meiosis

We can argue for five types of strong interaction: primordial
bonding, entanglement, bonding of entanglements, transitional
interactions (weak), and in the creation of matter. Terms used
for the cellular division process provide a means to
differentiate two types and five developmental stages of
particle creation. These are generically divided into two
groups. In mitosis unlike particles are created simultaneously
resulting in individuals of like order to the parent particle
(gluons from gluons). In meiosis the child particle is a fraction
the totality of the parent particle (e.g. photons from leptons).
Quantum Forces
Material quanta emerge from unquantized force
accumulation in an entropy potential (e.g. entanglement).
Quantum forces are scalar values that permeate as lightas
opposed to photons that are quantized particles that
propagate. How these scalar values are distributed and
utilized by matter is easily exhibited using the right and left
handed rules.
Force categories (linear and angular specifically) are
susceptible very specific entropy potentials. The source
entropy of the force permeation, however, affects whether the
force is actually transferable or notwhether that value will be
evaluated as additive or subtractive from the resulting
spectrum. True to all quantum phenomena, these forces are
quirky in a variety of baffling ways.
Quantum Time
Time is not an appropriate concept for the most
fundamental quantum perspectives. In these perspectives we
have change containers whose behaviors can be divided into
qualities similar to time, but they arent actually time.
Relativistic time, or what we conventionally perceive as time,
emerges from particular types of interactions among these
containers.
In particle creation, forces accumulate in the extratemporal entanglement bands of interacting particles. If these
were temporal, then the forces would simply continue to
permeate at the speed of light. The entanglement bands are
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potentials, meaning they are actually an absence of a

particular entropy condition. When force accumulation reaches
a permittivity threshold, that entropy condition stops being
potential. It becomes fully functional resulting in a new
material identity.
Once we have a fully functional entropy condition, we also
have the emergence of space and field conditions intrinsic to
the matter defined. This is quasi-relativistic in the sense that it
has the E=mc proportion, just that the elements are quantum
elements rather than relativistic. Now we can begin to explore
those quantum spaces, their fields and ultimately the
interactions from which conventional relativistic qualities
emerge.
Manifold Emergence
Concepts of Lie fields, domain and range functions, force
permeability and permittivity, and tensor manifolds are
introduced.

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Quantum Concepts 9
Mathematics is the poetic and evolving language we use to
express and analyze virtually anything in the universe. Like
every human construct, it has flaws. We can count among
these flaws rigidity, properly breaking down variables, and
identifying dependent and independent elements. Computers
and the language of algorithms have both revolutionized and
handicapped mathematics.
Computers offer a consistent mechanism by which to test
logic both independently and in concert. They can also create
mental laziness and reinforce aesthetic fantasies. Even
fantasies have a degree of internal logic. Just because you
can compute a thing does not mean there is a reality in which
that computation actually applies. From a mathematicians
perspective, the most important thing you need to learn from
computers is algorithms: how to provide real results
consistently to classes of problems. Algorithms are required to
define the mechanisms that make functions work.
Algorithms are the purest form of mathematical and logical
expression. For an algorithm to work correctly, you have to
identify the necessary specific processes and variables. At the
very heart, you cant just type in an equation like 120=5! Or
y=sin . You have to tell the computer what the variables are
and how to process them. The computer does everything the
hard and inconvenient way. By depending on programs to
answer statements like these, you miss out on deeper
nuanced understanding of how math really works.

Quantum Spectrum
Charles Dodgson, aka Lewis Carroll (18321898), is best
known for his childrens stories Alice in Wonderland (1865)
and Through the Looking Glass and What Alice Found There
(1871). He was also a prominent mathematician, logician, and
ordained deacon who rejected priesthood. He was clearly a
man out questioning the nature of reality during a very
important period of history: the birth of Quantum Theory. His
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twisted antithetical realities have become common metaphors

for quantum reality.
Our journey into QML is a journey into an alternate reality.
This is not a childrens fantasy, an alternate reality of mind,
parallel dimension, world, or multiverse in the popular
senses of these words. It is a journey to the most fundamental
units (e.g. quanta) and concepts from which the term quantum
is derived to mean. It is so fundamental that we cannot
observe it directly, and what we do observe is twisted and
strange to our ordinary ideas of things.
The first book in this series, Phase Theory Cosmology:
Applied Quantum Relativity (2015) introduces the QR process
applied to the universe generally and breaks down material
identities into a hierarchy of twelve generations. Our familiar
classical world is the intermediary point between atoms and
celestial objects (generations 78). While classical, it is really
a relativistic segment of the continuum spanning from pure
energy emerging as matter on one quantum end to material
composite as whole universe on the other quantum end.

Relativity opened the door to expanding our classical view

of the universe. It gives us the fundamental proportions of
space, time, mass, and vector energy occurring together. It is
an irreducible proportion, meaning if you take one variable out
of the function, you no longer have any of the other variables.
This doesnt mean the numbers are gone, just that they no
longer apply to those variables. They now apply to other
variables.
Relativistic momentum (E=(mc)+(pc)) shows how
nature can add or remove energy from a material identity,
giving us our first clues as to what happens when we take
away one of our variables. It is still a classical view. To really

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understand what happens, we need to go into far greater

variable details. We need to answer what appears a simple
question: where do our variables come from? This includes
questions like: How is space created and shaped? How is time
created and is it reversible? What is energy? What is mass?
These are not questions of Relativity. These are quantum
questions. As the diagram suggests, quantum reality is
pervasive. It spans the entirety of reality. Relativistic reality is
conditional, as is our classical reality. In other words, our
perspective in the universe is essentially the great exception
that proves the rules of quantum reality. We cannot observe
that quantum reality at its extremes, but we can see it
manifesting here and there even in our classical perspective.
Quantum reality, from the classical perspective, does
strange things. Electrons leap vast distances in an instant.
Gluons change colors. Leptons change identities. Matter is
created and annihilated. Energy, that thing we define as doing
work, does not conveniently fit that or any singular definition
we can give it. Space warps and folds. Things happen
spontaneously outside of time. All these things and we have
yet to actually step into the looking glass where gravity
contracts space in the wrong direction.
The word quantum is derived from quanta, the Greek root
commonly meaning unit appearing in words like quantity. By
the turn of the Twentieth Century, physicists like Max Planck
were looking for elementary quanta that fit each category of
observation (e.g. time, space, matter, energy). This was a
great idea with a significant problem: the assumption that such
quanta actually exist for each category. The universe is willing
to compromise and give us one set of quanta we can identify:
namely the generations of matter.
Each generation shares the same relativistic to quantum
relativistic mathematical qualities. Each material identity is a
unique quanta unto itself, and even that is unreliable. When
we assign a set of quantum values to a material identity, we
must understand that those are the values making the identity
what it is, but are not the end of potential values that identity
can have. It can gain or lose value within a range called

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boundary conditions. At these boundary conditions its identity

either changes or new identities are formed.
For lack of better words, we can begin to call this quantum
inconvenience. In fact, everything we deal with on a
fundamental level is guaranteed to be inconvenient. That isnt
to say it is hard, because at the most fundamental it is
painfully simple. It just doesnt do what we expect in ways
convenient to us. The universe functions simply on its own
terms by its definitions without effort. This statement is our
gateway to QML.
Functions are mathematical structures that show how
variables work together with particular results. Those variables
are our terms, and their definitions are concepts we will call
archetypes. How these archetypes interact and transform,
while taking mental effort on our own part to comprehend and
manipulate, take care of themselves in physical reality. In
other words, they consume absolutely nothing and dont
require any special guidance or thought to simply do what they
do.

Archetypes
Every little bit of logic we have ever identified has a place
in the quantum universe. We can literally go to any subject
field, identify logical elements, and find roles they play in the
algorithmic logic upon which the universe functions
effortlessly.
The term archetype comes at us from two different
directions: literature and psychology. An archetype is a
conceptual framework we can apply generically to a particular
role. In literature we see heroes, villains, hermits, and many
other archetypical characters, as well as thematic, stylistic,
and plot archetypes. These same ideas were applied by Jung
to dreams and the exploration of mind. We will be applying the
same concepts to variables individually and categorically.
The beautiful thing about an archetype is that we are not
confined to a specific definitionit is a concept. All heroes are
not the same, but they do similar things. All masses are not
the same, but they do similar things. In a good story the hero
is not flat. They have qualities that enable us to relate to them:
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feelings, ideas, physical, behavioral, motivational, and

psychological qualities. They come from somewhere and go
somewhere. In the process they change and adapt. They are
created and destroyed, and between those two points they are
the hero archetype with all its attached evolving qualities.
Archetypes are finite in number, but the details within them
have potential for infinite variation. From a variables
perspective, archetypes ARE quanta, even though some are
infinitely divisible. Unlike the static misconception of what
quanta would be (e.g. specific numbers), these quanta are
dynamic and multifunctional.
This multifunctionality is perhaps the greatest of all
quantum inconveniences, but also as painfully obvious as
individual personalities applied to various conditions. Each
person plays multiple roles in the world simultaneously, often
focusing into a particular role temporarily to fit one situation,
then shifting to another role for the next. Like people, quantum
variable archetypes can and do play all their roles
simultaneously, separately, and in all cases, conditionally.
The area of mathematics that works with archetype-style
variables is partial differential equations (PDEs). Where
differential equations is the mathematics of change, PDEs are
the mathematics of unknown change functions. We do not
know until we begin to apply, but along the way we can see
how the unknowns are structured and adjust to fit conditional
applications.
Unlike conventional algebra, the unknowns can be virtually
anything from a variable to matrix of values to a procedural
operator. Typically, the variables can be called archetypes
because they are conceptual frameworks that adapt to a
variety of situations. The equations then show how archetypes
relate one to the other. In computer language, archetypes can
are equivalent of modules or classes of modules.
The first step in evaluation is to determine the role of a
variable or operator. This is of particular importance to
Quantum Relativity (QR) because each variable has the
potential to act in different ways under different conditions. In
one function a variable may act as a unit operator (e.g. + or
or a combination of these). In the next function or application
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in the same function it can be treated as a radian (angle). This

can be terribly confusing because until we apply the variable,
we are not clear how it is being evaluated. From an algorithms
perspective, it is imperative that we accommodate the full
range of potential roles and parse the details of our functions
to account for ALL the variables.
There is a tendency toward simplicity that often overlooks
the obvious. Let us consider the example of a vector. A vector,
by definition, consists of a magnitude and a direction. This is
missing at least two vital pieces of information: where and
between what. Where is within an intrinsic space called a
tensor manifold. What is between two material identities. One
identity can be part of the other, a lesser generation interacting
with a greater generation. Or together they and other
interactions can be defining an even greater material identity.
One way or another, at least one intrinsic tensor space is
involved.
Getting over the immediate oversights, we turn to the
elements of magnitude and direction. Magnitude is a scalar
specific to a fixed set of functions. In QR these scalars are
called forces. In classical physics, forces are often described
in either tensor or vector terms. In QR they are defined in part
by what tensors, vectors, and directions they apply to. They
are also divided into three general categories: linear, angular,
and spin. These categories are duplicated across three
potential directional change variables called entropies.
The directional variables are a central topic of this book.
They are always associated with a material identity. Material
identities only really account for roughly half the possible
identities. The other identities are created, permeate, and are
observed via directional variables. What happens between
and among these is a massive leap in imagination. The real
irony of this is that we consider the directional variables
imaginary, but there is nothing imaginary about them.

Categories
The most obvious archetypes are categorical. If we treat
categories as a concept of set theory, we can then say all our
categories together belong to a superset: the category of
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categories. We can use all kinds of terms to describe this

superset: the cosmic whole (Brahma), holistic, the process
(Tao), its law (Dharma), etc. We will use the term phase and
leave it as improper because there is more than one phase.
Phase is our ultimate change archetype, the ultimate
container within which everything else occurs. In our classical
views of the universe, we tend to think of time and then space
as our containers. These are emergent things that are
themselves contained, so never conflate them with phase. As
the ultimate change variable, phase is classified as an
entropy. It is not the only form of change though. It depends
on change variables it contains.
When the change variables interact within phase, time
emerges. For this reason they are called temporal entropies.
Time does not occur within them. It only occurs between them,
as a consequence of them. Time is not fundamental. It is an
emergent container required for relativistic reality to occur. It is
not part of the rules, but rather the exception between the
rules that makes our perceptible reality. And because the
interactions of these entropies always have the same
direction, the arrow of time is definitivethere is no
backwards time travel.
Our third category is where change variables occur: in
material identities. The universe as a whole is a material
identity. Our breakdown of matter into generations enables us
to see how time and space emerge. Just as the temporal
entropies interact to create time, the spaces of material
identities act uniquely to define separate material identities
and the spaces not occupied by those identities.
This fourth category is particularly complex because
spaces are shaped relative to the material identity and entropy
conditions. These shaped spaces are called manifolds
because they can and do change shape under different
conditions and smooth from awkward initial shapes to
presumptive shapes. They are also called tensors because
they are the working spaces where interactions can occur. And
finally, higher generations contain lower generations. The
space of a higher generation is a manifold to its perspective,
but to the lower generation is a void. Changes in void relative
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to time provide the spacetime constant upon which everything

in the universe of interactions depends.
Our fifth and sixth categories account for much of what we
would consider energy. Unfortunately, our views of energy
tend to be centered around evaluations of tensors (fourth
category). As such, we have to distinguish between the
classical notion of force and scalar forces that provide the
basic values for everything and define their own spacetime
conditions as light. Between these forces and the tensors are
the vectors.
The vectors fit our common and relativistic conception of
energy as doing something. Because they are vectors, they
consist of both direction (given by entropy) and magnitude
(given by scalar force). They ONLY occur in intrinsic material
spacetimes. The closest to an exception are QVI: quantum
vector interactions. QVI are ranged interactions between
distinct material identities whose interactions contribute to the
definition of a greater material identity. Each QVI defines a
spacetime variable, so even though we may see it as extrinsic
on one level, on another level it is intrinsic.

In the diagram of categories above, Q=quantum,

R=relativistic, and C=classical. Time emerges, compounds
and becomes normative along the generations of matter.
Space evolves from static-fixed definitions to dynamic and
ultimately expanding. The shift of these has an inverse affect
on spacetime dilation, such that lesser generations have more
compact spacetimes where higher generations result in longwave (red-shifted) to FLAT spacetimes.

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In other words, the Minkowski saddle diagram cannot be

applied to light at great distances. And in smaller scales it isnt
a saddle. It is a completely enclosed spacetime surface. On
the temporal entropy and tensor categories, Q and R are at
opposite ends of the generational spectrum. We can as easily
assign linear to Q and angular volume to R. Where they occur
together, a surface is defined.
Time progresses from parallel extra-temporal values
through linear to a surface. Void progresses from volume to
linear. Light is a linear and/or angular value with circular wave
qualities. Its propagation and rate is a direct function of void
and time (linear). The greater the distance it has traveled, the
higher the generational definition appliedthe flatter, longer
wave length, and more dispersed (dimmer). An object with red
shift at 28.85 billion light years away is so close to that
distance it isnt worth arguing the decimal point. The
spacetime it is acting in is very nearly flat.

Subcategories
Just as our categories were relatively simple, the
subcategories within them are also relatively simple. Some are
so simple they become incredibly hard to describe. The
easiest approach is a set theory approach. We divide the
subcategories into what contains what and assume a
presumptive phase perspective.

The color coding is consistent with chromodynamicswhat

is applied to gluons and can subsequently be used to map all
particle structures and interactions. The black squares
represent emergent qualities that result from changes to the
entire system. They could as easily be colored white, or even
better, grey to indicate additive and subtractive composites.
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Everything else shown is part of the system of categorical

transformative changes. Where these changes are sequential
within the main change periods (OR, AND) we see X
transform into Z, linear into angular, +L into j-spin, etc. Where
changes occur that result in time, void, and light (), we see
OR becomes AND, X becomes Y, Z becomes W, W becomes
X, +L becomes L, L becomes j-spin, etc.
As this diagram suggests, the table can be easily
illustrated in a periodic format. Below is how we normally lay
out these dimensions as a non-linear Matrix. We will explore
later the significance of the numbers for finding equations.

If these categories and subcategories were truly simple,

we could squeeze everything about them into a brief article.
Unfortunately, the concepts get really sophisticated, especially
as we evolve through the generations of matter. Let us
consider the simplest of all the rows: the scalar forces.
The forces are broken down into left and right hand rules of
electricity for convenience. The current and force remain
constant so long as there is no opportunity to lose that energy.
It simply goes on forever, just like Newtons laws of motion, so
long as it has a medium to carry that energy.
The forces are a tad more ambiguous than that though
because they can also escape as light/EMR emission. Infrared
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radiation is the common way the energy is lost when there is

NOT a medium to transfer or convert the energy. Spins are
never lost, they are just converted.
As the term scalar force suggests, in their most primitive
forms, the forces are unitless. It is when we apply them to
particular situations that we make modifications to those
scalars to convert them into units. This brings us back to the
concept of multifunctionality. One force can be playing multiple
roles in the same equation. One equation can be playing
multiple roles also. This makes evaluation of quantum
variables and functions challenging.

Variable Roles
In programming there is a concept known as forcing
variables. Forcing variables means you take a variable of one
data type and make it fit into another data type. A simple
example of this is sorting numeric versus alphabetic data
types. Compared to text, true numbers can be crunched into
smaller packets of binary data. To sort a true number as text,
you have to convert that data type into a text type. If you want
the output to be a true number, you have to re-convert to
number format after the sort.
Some applications on modern computers can distinguish
between true numbers and text, sorting numbers as numbers
then text as text, even if both are being stored as text. Many
still cannot distinguish and will sort 1, 10, 11, 12, 2, 20, 3
instead of 1, 2, 3, 10, 11, 12, 20. The trick with quantum
variables is being able to identify what data type applies under
the given conditions. Again we turn to our forces as a fairly
simple example.
We measure light by its energy or frequency (E=hv)
assuming a unit of spin (h/2). This function is an
electromagnetic perspective by which we commonly observe
light interacting with matter. And then there is brightness, the
force intensity hiding in the details of the energy. This is not
classical force.
Classical force is a tensor function (kg m/s). This is
typically a composite force, meaning a mixture of scalar

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forces. Some may even be working against others to create a

misimpression of less intensity than is actually there.
Light does not require a medium (e.g. materialistic aether).
The medium for light is voidan absence of medium. Material
spaces (tensors) have profound effects on light. Under one
entropy condition, half of light is not transferable, meaning the
energy remains attached to the material source even though it
has long-range effects. Those effects are working against the
other half of the energy that can be transferred. These are
simple unitless values until they apply to something, like the
spaces of other material identities.
Light can trigger long-range interactions, but not based on
the brightness, frequency or energy values. Scalar forces
influence the surrounding space at a diminished unit rate
called permeability. Newtons gravitational constant (G) is
linear permeability. It applies to the forces of heat and gravity.
We dont generally think of heat as interacting like gravity
does, but it does. The reason is that we typically see matter
carrying and transferring heat, and that matter is very excited
about its job. Conversely, gravity is highly personal and nontransferable without also transferring mass.
In composite, linear force is linear force. It doesnt matter if
it is heat or gravity from our simplistic perspective. What really
makes it one or the other from our perspective is the entropy
condition giving it direction. Put into the same spin condition,
their values combine. When that composite reaches the speed
of light squared divided by the permeability (c/G), a QVI
(quantized vector interaction) occursin this case what is
commonly called Loop Quantum Gravity.
This secondary spacetime constant is called permittivity.
Permittivity fits its name: the limit a force can act on a given
space. Achieving permittivity means the creation of a material
spacetime identity. Each permittivity and permeability constant
defines a unit of force applied to a particular set of conditions.
As we will see in later chapters, there are many possible units
we can apply to forces for a wide variety of applications.
Keeping track of what variables are doing under the
conditions we intend to apply them to is challenging. Even
more challenging is making sure not to overlook relevant
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parallel conditions. Gravity is particularly fond of messing with

our heads because we have an idea that gravity only does
one thing: contracts space toward the origin of an object. In
the quantum universe all bets are off. Just because r is
associated with g does not mean either one is going to act like
gravity is expected to act.
For our convenience, we always draw the Periodic Matrix
the same way. This can create a great deal of confusion at
times, especially when we are in inversed phase conditions, or
when isolated to one of the temporal entropies. The Matrix
technically flips around in two directions. When we isolate to a
temporal entropy, we get a highly significant ghost of the other
entropy condition. Numbers appear that arent actually there,
but are imposed by putting the object into a temporal space.
True to quantum inconvenience, each dimensions
separate roles are evaluated differently. When we apply a
number to a dimension, we have to be cautious which units
are being used. Technically, each dimension is its own unit, so
the raw numbers would look unitless. When we learn how to
evaluate the Matrix later, we will see how units emerge for
specific contextual applications.
The numbers applied to those units are of one data type
while the generic numbers applied to the raw dimensions are
of another. This means we do a lot of context-based unit
conversions. We only do those conversions on specific
application though. As such, we generally ignore the units
through equation manipulation until we decide the context we
are applying the function to.
Our next order of business is to explore the variables as
independent logical functions. All functions depend on change,
so most of our attention will now turn to the top three variables
on the Matrix: the entropies. The entropies conveniently start
out pretty simple as solutions to 1. It is how they are
logically resolved that makes the irrational both practical and
rational.

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Co-Imaginary Numbers 23
Co-imaginary numbers are complex and hypercomplex
variables that begin as logical solutions to 1 and evolve into
real numbers. In mathematics, imaginary numbers are used to
distinguish and rotate axes and resolve irrational issues. Logic
uses them in arguments of truth. In Quantum Relativity (QR),
co-imaginary numbers are called entropies (change
operators), using the classical Greek meaning of the word
rather than the thermodynamic meaning. They are logically
functioning variable operator archetypes.
All spacetime functions are defined by QR entropies.
Spacetime functions define material identities, their fields and
interactions. With the exception of scalar forces, the
mathematical definition for every dimension contains an
entropy element. Scalar forces are shaped by entropy
conditions into light. Their propagation as a function of
spacetime is dependent on entropies, and their interactions
with matter depend on entropy potentials.
Everything in the universe including the universe is
dependent on these entropies. On the surface they appear
fairly simple. In this chapter we will explore their relationship to
truth arguments, Boolean definitions, and unit applications.
Then we will introduce their variable applications where they
can and do interact in degrees. These more advanced forms
of truth arguments are called Fuzzy Logic.

Truth Arguments
Complex numbers began simply as the imaginary number
(i) and real numbers. 19th Century logic explored arguments of
truth attempting to link real to imaginary. While internally
consistent, quaternions and tessarines do not explore the
logical definitions of the variables. Cockles j is co-real.
Everywhere else it is co-imaginary. The order of quaternion
operations affects the signs, making the variables asymmetric
(e.g. one way OR another). Everywhere else the order makes
no difference so the variables are symmetric.
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Starting with Boolean definitions for the variables, QR then

evolves consistency. By doing this it marries quaternions and
tessarines into the same system.
The asymmetry of kQh enfolds into
what QR calls phase state. From our
generic perspective, phase state is
initially positive or negative, but
eventually adds a neutral state. To
achieve that, time must first occur.
Meanwhile, phase state tells us the
order of operations or relative
perspective in temporal aspect.
In
these
truth
arguments,
negative does not automatically
convert one co-imaginary or co-real
thing into another. For example, it is easy to assume
incorrectly h=h. Temporal phase aspect is the main factor in
phase state. A negative phase state applied to the coimaginary i and j has a different meaning than its application
to h. If we go strictly by quaternions or tessarines, the
negative simply carries.
Phase combines these systems. In quaternions and
tessarines, k=ij. Quaternions are not symmetric, so k=ji. This
asymmetry is a rotation of aspect, swapping the places of the
axes. Consider the simple phases h=ij, and h=ij. A
negative (h and h) rotates the aspect, it does not mean the
variables are swapped, just their axes. In other words, it is the
relative sense of direction within the interaction, like colliding
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head-on or head-to-side. The results are affected by the

orientation.

This product table has four quadrants. In the upper left are
the products of negatives. To the right are negatives with
positives. The lower left are positives with negatives with
symmetric (same) results as the opposite ordering. Likewise,
the lower right is identical with the upper left. To identify the
symmetry we use the sequence of the j and i entropies
relative to the specific phase such that h is a presumed aspect
of j and h is a presumed aspect of i:

h=ij=j/i but h= iji/j

h=ij=i/j but h= ijj/i
This rotation is consistent with the asymmetry of
quaternions. By changing the ordering, we are subtly changing
the resulting hypercomplex co-imaginary (h) or co-real (h)
and how it is interacting with other entropies. As the
symbolism suggests, the relationship is a derived function,
where co-real h is derived from the co-imaginary h. The
asymmetric ordering of the co-imaginaries is resolved by the
phase state.

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Truth Operators
George Boole (18151864) devised a binary (0/1) system
of logical truth derived from set theory interactions. Set theory
arguments are made using symbolic logic, and illustrated with
Venn (ring) diagrams. Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT) are
used in computer searches to determine whether to include or
exclude (true/false) documents and prioritize results. QR
expands and uses Boolean operators to explain what the
entropies as rings are doing independently and together.

The NOT operator is a special function we attach to one of

the other three operators (h,i,j) or the operator () for void
to measure absence. Absence is important because it is a
potential for entanglement and the creation of new matter. We
will come back to this idea later.
Each entropy is binary, consisting of two parts giving
sequential priority to one. The temporal entropies use + or
instead of true or false, 0 or 1. Phases use prioritized
combinations of the temporal entropies, expanding the
operators to include a hypercomplex BOTHlike quantum
computings qubit (being both + and or both 0 and 1).
Imagine if we could use all six entropy states.

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How i and j resolve their binary qualities is what defines

them as co-imaginary numbers. Each point in a field defined
by i=&+1 has both negative AND positive qualities, or
positive AND negative for i=+&1 (e.g. i to preserve the
identity). Because AND applies to all points, the sequence is
retained in simple mixture like i+i=2i and ii=0. In other words,
for simple addition and subtraction, i behaves as we expect
with any ordinary number.
For i to intersect another i (i x i), the plus and minus signs
for one must be reversed because two of one cannot occupy
the same space. That space is already taken. If we are
thinking like a computer we have to convert i x i i x i or
more precisely (&+1)(+&1)=1. This is equivalent because
in a technical mathematics sense, i x i =+1. How we write the
operator versus how a computer would resolve it are two
separate matters.

Conversely, each point in j=+|1 will be positive OR

negative. Where i does not interact in a mixture because each
point contains both, j will interact because it can easily enough
flip its signs. This provides a counter-intuitive j+j=0 and jj=2j
while j x j = (+|1)(|+1)=1. This makes j a co-imaginary
number with some very interesting and useful qualities.
In algebra, j can easily be used everywhere we see the
symbol . Because it reverses its signs we see the incredibly
useful:

(A+jB) = (A+B)(AB) = AB
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In other words, when we take the root of AB, we can

identify the placement of j-entropy. We can find both i and jentropies in the conditional solutions of:

(A+jB)(AiB) = A+B | A+2hAB+B

Phase is a combination of i and j, so +2hAB=2AB. The
condition is whether or not phase occurs as real or null. It
occurs as real value if the AND operator is prioritized first. If
OR is prioritized first it is null: 0=2hAB. The conventional
algebraic solution following the logic of j loses information. We
should compute with 2hAB and then determine if it is h or h
so information is not lost.

Traditionally the imaginary numbers are treated as unit

values. As quantum variable operators, we have to remember
the word VARIABLE. It is not just a unit or logical operator. It
can be any fraction of that unita degree of change. We just
assume it is a unit for the convenience of algebraic
manipulations, and from a temporal perspective it is a unit.
Consider B and C as scalar values of j, equal or not:

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(A+jB)(A+jC) = A+jA(BC) BC
Fuzziness
As change operators, we are not limited to change of a
whole, but to change in parts or degrees: FUZZY changes. In
normal mathematics we assume everything in an equation is
interacting as described with everything else. In the real world,
we dont use all the sugar, flour, and other ingredients on hand
to fill a recipe. We use only the parts we actually need. The
universe opportunistically does the same thing.
One of our quantum inconveniences is parallel and
partially interacting spaces. The ability of material spaces to
pass through each other or interact is associated with both
their chromodynamic colors and the three entropies. The
colors are used to explain the strong interactions of gluons
and quarks in the Standard Model. We will take their
applications much further.

For those seeing a color version of this book, you will

observe the diagrams are color coordinated. Red=j, yellow=i,
and green=h. For the sake of simplicity, we often just say and
show red, green, and blue rather than red, yellow (i), and
green. The colors are additive to white, and anti-colors are
subtractive to black. Above you can see the associations and
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what happens where they overlap. Notice that i'i and j'j.
This is done to preserve information on state.
For now, we are not concerned with numerically analyzing
the colors. Our concern is essentially with how phase is put
together. Presumptive phase (h) is created in one of two ways.
The first way is to either change the entropy identity of a mass
or otherwise create that mass in a phase entropy container. A
material identity can be changed by subjecting it to the right
entropy conditions. While it affects mass, it does not change
the amount of force defining that mass.
In the second way, i and j|j intersect, so h=ij=i/ji/j.
This is essentially what the diagrams above are illustrating. It
is a subtractive exercise because we are dividing by j which
has the same affect as multiplying by j. The anti-green
(magenta) Mbian phase (h) is additive, so instead of dividing
by j we multiply by j. Why this phase is called Mbian will
be explained when we examine the topological effects of the
entropies when they define spaces.

In this second method, we are only able to pass i and j

through each other. They are strongly interacting, but not
bonding. They are unable to bond with each other because
they are dimensions in the same period. Every dimension in
the same period is at a right angle relative to its neighbors in
sequence. The degree of interaction follows the Pythagorean
Theorem: 2h=i+j.
Phase is in a separate period from i and j. The only way for
an ij interaction to result in a non-temporary state of phase is
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for a red or blue bond to occur with the temporary state. When
such a bond happens, the interaction is primordial so each
entropy condition restricts its space to exactly the amount of
force needed in that identity. The rest is discharged.
In the above Venn diagram sequence we see i and j
generically in a mixture. The inner sum symbol (encircled +)
indicates degrees of interaction. For them to actually interact
for these results, one must adopt a negative position, meaning
it must be rotated so the axes are at right angles to each
other. The QVI between the two as a proper entanglement
would have two bands: h and h. If they were entangled, they
would not be able to pass through each other, but instead
would form a wavicle.
In the second row the operation continues under the
assumption the QVI is not an entanglement, but rather the
fields acting on each other resulting in them rotating at right
angles to each other. This interaction results in
transformations of i into j and j into i ( means partial
transformation with respect to a). Such transformations
occurring within a phase will result in proportional increments
of time occurring.
As they pass through the same space their interactions
transform into and out of phase. Since this is a product in
degrees, the inner product sign (encircled x) is used. If these
were color:anti-color (e.g. red j and anti-red=cyan j) you get
both white and black null/neutral resultsgrey.
Green does not pass through red or blue, though magenta
will. It has available spaces to form neutral relationships with
red and blue that remain fixed. Green will bond with red, blue,
or both simultaneously. Once green is bound it cannot form
another strong bond, so rgb is always simultaneous. The
amount of force that can make up these identities is limited, so
force is discharged when these bonds occur such that all rb,
gb, and rgb bonds have exactly the same amounts of force
defining them.
By this discussion we can see that interacting co-imaginary
numbers are far more complex than a simple truth table. All
the truth table really does is lay out in a grid what this additive

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and subtractive color diagrams illustrate. Now let us consider

phase as a hypercomplex variable.

Hypercomplex
A hypercomplex variable is a variable defined by complex
numbers (aka irrational/imaginary numbers). It can have real
or imaginary results. As such, our presumptive and Mbian
phases are co-imaginary and co-real respectively. In other
words, the truth table is defined by how complex numbers
representing their own axes are conjoined to work together in
their definition of the hypercomplex.

Numbers representing a continuous sequence of values

along an axis or line are real. This includes both rational and
irrational/complex numbers separately but not together. A
sequence like 1,2,3 is rational and real. A mixed sequence like
1, 2i, 3 contains both rational and irrational, which in theory
belong to separate axesunless of course i is a real function
defining continuous points with 1 and 3. For our purposes, we
will consider a continuous sequence of rational numbers as
real, and all our numbers that require logical rationalization to
be complex.
Complex variables are generally defined as functions
containing imaginary elements consistent with x+iy.
Technically, all numbers have imaginary elements. What we
would consider rational and real is simply en emergent
function of complex combinations. The real trick of course is
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determining where exactly that emergence occurs and to what

degree, because that is where time and the concept of relative
dilation begin to apply.
Before we get ahead of ourselves, let us see what the
imaginary axes do in conventional spatial terms. The
conventional treatment of x+iy rotates the y axis into the same
plane as x (first diagrammed row). What Euler did here was
use i as a conic function between x and y. The reason for this
is that to find a numeric algorithm between a Cartesian and
polar plane you have to go through a spherical evaluation to
resolve the radians.

Using these assessments to rotate y as a function of sine

by i into a common plane with x as a function of cosine, we
can see Eulers helix (z=x+iy). When we recognize that cosine
is a function of j and sine a function of i, we can then apply the
rationalizing AND definition for i and see it is a double helix.
Both branches of this function begin (=k, r=0) and end
(=k/2, r=1) at zero peaking and troughing at =k/4 and
rz=2. The last radius is spherical but equivalent to the
circular radius.
In the next sequence we can see the conic applications
more easily. Again, the i-axis has a conic relationship, which is
reflected also in the hypercomplex h-axis. The simplicity of j

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makes it a fixed reference for the plane of xy to form. It does

not rotate into a cone. This allows for three-dimensional
Cartesian to translate into a spherical function using hz=jx+iy.
Notice these are intentionally color coded assigning blue to
i. True blue (i) is at a right angle to yellow (i). It does
essentially the same thing. Besides rotating the helix in the
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opposite direction, it sets the peaks and troughs of z=1 at

=k and k/2, zeroing at =k/4. The confusion here is our
own mixed up systems convenient to us. We just have to
remember that our perspective is a mirror reflection.

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Topo-Complexity 37
Topology is the area of mathematics that devises systems
for spatially graphing and measuring qualities of geometric
shapes. Complex numbers as entropies do strange things to
topology. They are not topological by themselves. Instead,
they are containers that provide the initial conditions for
shaping space into geometric forms. We will not be exploring
topology directly in this chapter. We will be looking at the
qualitative effects of the entropies on topology.
At the most fundamental quantum perspectives, space
consists of points, lines, arcs, circles, and spheres. The
geometry is more one of function that smoothes into shape.
When we compound our entropies into ever-complex
identities, geometric shapes begin to emerge starting with the
tetrahedron. Meanwhile, smoothing continues to play a roll
such that no matter what the initial shape of a thing is, the
fields tend toward a common shape consistent with the
entropy condition.

Hypercomplexity
There are two relevant phases, each defining a sphere in
different ways. Well, what we would generally think of as a
sphere. In either case it is combining the linear behaviors and
shapes of i and j to define a surface radian. Where i and j
resolve linear are spin fields in that order, phase operates in
angular and spin fields in that order. There are no convenient
straight lines in phase.
To understand the shaping of the phases we have to
differentiate between being in temporal phase and out of
phase. When we are out of temporal phase, we see a toroid
(doughnut shape) either oriented with the equator or poles.
The presumptive phase (green=h) draws parallel
horizontal arcs (latitudes) that intersect themselves but not
each other. These are consistent with B magnetic field lines
which diminish in intensity toward (are tangent to) the poles.
Relative to H-lines, B-lines expand. They share the same
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tensor space definitions. When the two fields overlap, B

expands H back into toroidal shape (out of phase), and the
edge joining the polar vertices is where the zero value applies.

Mbian phase (magenta=h) is pole-oriented. Arcs pass

through the poles creating longitudinal lines. It also creates
two vertices where all arcs intersect, and an edge through the
middle of the body joining those vertices so the arcs are cyclic.
To the arc, the edge is technically a single point of zero length.
From our relativistic perspective, the length is not zero and
force value along it is constant and directional, clearly
distinguishing the poles along that axis.
Force intensity is greatest at the vertices where the lines
converge. This is consistent with our concept of polarized and
H magnetic field lines. Polarization here means the spaces are
expanding and contracting simultaneously, but the sequence
of complex numbers defining those behaviors are reversed
from one pole to the next.
The i-entropy is a component of both with slightly different
effects. Intensity is greatest where i and j are going the same
direction. It is weakest where they are going in opposite
directions. Because j is associated directly with intrinsic
qualities like gravity and agrees with temporal phase, it will
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clockwise relative to north presumptive. The field direction

goes both ways due to i, and the conflict is resolved by polar
oscillation. Either way, the h axis passes through the poles.
Temporal phase is a common sense of perspective we will
call aspect. Time follows a definitive directional arrow no
matter which phase we are looking at. No matter which phase
we are using for the universe, the perspective used to
evaluate the fields of matter within is consistently the
presumptive phase. The difference between the two phases
as models of a universe is how they are defining their spaces
as a whole. The Mbian phase cycles from low to high through
extreme focal points where presumptive phase just cycles
from high to low. Either can and does occur in the others
universe.

Aspects

These two aspects provide common frames of reference.

Phase state (e.g. and entropy being positive or negative)
creates an arbitrary concept of aspect. In simple terms, it
defines which side is up. Simple h (phase entropy) is our
presumed aspect perspective. It is a counter-clockwise
condition with initial equatorial emphasis. Everything is set
relative to it.
It doesnt matter how we rotate a material identity, the
universe will always evaluate its fields exactly the same way,
just as in the above we know how to read the text. On the
other hand, the universe cant seem to tell an axis from its own
kind if they are rotated at right angles. It treats them as
additive and subtractive (e.g. red and cyan) but only part-way.
They pass right through each other without incidentally
annihilating as particles and anti-particles would.
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When we have a single or even composite temporal

entropy condition in a space, we have to evaluate it in multiple
ways. First we have to look at it from its own perspective
without being put into temporal aspect at all. For j-entropies
this is a simple circular plane. For i-entropies we have a pair
of tetrahedral planes defining opposite conditions in mirror
image. In either case, the opposite condition is missing and
must be compensated for to interact with the temporal
universe.
Extra-temporal j-entropies both start with a circular area,
either polar-oriented (j) or equatorial-oriented (j). This is
opposite to their surface rotations, which are consistent with
their angular secondary fields. Relative to anything else extratemporal, like light, this surface offers its dimensionless edge
from every direction. Even though the light is technically extratemporal, its propagation is not. As such, the light does not
interact with extra-temporal surface aspect, so it cannot be
absorbed or reflected.

Light propagation being temporal does interact with the

temporal aspect of the surface. Propagation occurs in straight
lines from the source and is bent (given new direction) by
entropy conditions. From a temporal perspective, the circular
surface (extra-temporal singularity) is seen as a brane surface
enclosing a spherical volume. The propagation literally just
goes around it. Meanwhile, particles and fields that are
temporal are subject to a series of field conditions, half of
which arent actually part of the body, but part of resolving
temporal aspect.
The inner volume of this brane is a static but potentially
dynamic void. If we can isolate it outside of time, we get just
the circle. At any point in time that circles area is the brane
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and relative to the brane the void within is static. Subject the
brane to temporal conditions and it begins to propagate
because the temporal conditions make the void dynamic.
That dynamism is a direct function of what temporal
conditions are applied. Left to its own devices in the universe
generally, the propagation accelerates to the speed of light at
which time the particle annihilates to force propagation. Put
the particle into a shared entropy condition with another
particle and it can cheat time by nullifying time. Parts not
interacting would still be subject to time, which creates yet
another set of complications.

In the above we see both right (red=j) and left (cyan=jj)

first as the rotating circles in the middle. Applying aspect
rotates red on the equator and cyan at the poles to create the
surface brane. Time rotates counter-clockwise relative to the
North Pole. This redirects and focuses the secondary
centrifugal field of red into a conic vent, and cyan to an output
plane around the equator.
Under the right conditions, as with electrons and spiral
galaxies, the discharge of both gets cycled back through the
system. Without those conditions, the recycling is not
reinforced causing evaporation at the same time as
propagation (expansion). This allows for the surface to
accelerate to annihilation quicklyand even quicker for cyan.

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Cycles

Entropies are spatial containers. They have no topology of

their own, but they shape the spaces they contain in a real
sequence. Also like topology, each of these lines or surfaces
being defined is infinitely divisible into virtual points. From a
temporal perspective, the entire line or surface is defined
simultaneously. From the entropy perspective, it is defined in a
cyclic sequence we measure as frequency (v=cycles per
second=E/h).
These rotational or spin diagrams for the temporal
entropies look fairly simple. They suggest each can simply be
divided into convenient radians. To a point this is true, except
you have to account for their rational definitions. The jentropies are exactly as simple and straight-forward as they
look: simply draw the cycle like any ordinary radian. The ientropy, however, is a tad more than just a tetrahedral radian.
The simplicity of it stops at the arc-length of 2.
Every point along the i-arc is drawn simultaneous to an
equal, opposite, and rotated at a right angle point. It is
simultaneously rotating () AND tumbling (+). The j-entropies
are doing one or the other but not both at the same time. The
positives and negatives within the complex definitions are
important because tumbling contracts space (e.g. gravity and
centripetal) while rotating expands space (e.g. heat and
centrifugal).
Each of the entropies does all of its functions. The relevant
questions are when and where. The i-entropies are relatively
simple: every point has both. The energy threatening to rip it
apart is equally counteracted by energy pulling it back
together. The only differences are the order of operations
(which interacts first), orientation (poles), and direction
(clockwise or counter-clockwise). The j-entropies divide their

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spaces so one space is contracting while the next is

expanding.
Consider the inner cells the contracting spaces and the
outer cells where we tripled the number of relative cells per
angle expanding. OR in j says we can do one OR the other in
whichever space we choose, but eventually we reach a limit
where we change from doing one activity to the other. Each
space is only doing one thing. On the graph it is all in one flat
sheet, but in the real universe, switching causes us to rotate
the next vector at a right angle to the first. The interactive
difference of these obeys the Law of Parallels, so the vector
(V) is a function of the linear and angular absolute value
squares: |V|=|L|+|A|. Where jj:

First note the center of the graph is 0,0 relative to the origin
of the object. Using cosine, we can see how j-entropy is
sequential. The first vector for
the temporal entropies is
always linear (e.g. g=gravity,
T=thermal). The Matrix is
arranged for our conventional
perspective. This creates a
highly misleading view of
gravity at a fundamental level
because the latitude aspect is
technically thermal. There are

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significant differences between this thermal and ordinary

thermal.
At a quantum level, the first vector is always parallel to the
surface. The linear vectors for j are at right angles to each
other (hence latitude versus longitude). When you stack
opposing linear vectors, conventional gravity always comes
first and rotates itself so it is focused on the center of the
object or surface, leaving thermal at a perpendicular angle.
The next vector is then centrifugal. In the absence of a
thermal vector, the zero point in the graph above becomes
what we call a zombie thermal dimension (T ). While we may
presume the zombie has no value, it has a potential value
making it susceptible to storing heat (r), the scalar force of T.
The heat is not part of its definition, so it gets cycled, recycled,
and discharged (see diagram below). The frequency of cycles
correspond with the entropy condition redefining its space. In
the absence of heat, the particle will begin feeding off itself,
converting its native force values into heat.

Waves

Around the black hole nucleus we can see this in action

(below). The complicated thing to grasp with j-entropies is the
location of the origin. It is always the surface, not the
geometric center.

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From an extra-temporal perspective, the surface is at the

geometric center. From the practical temporal perspective, it is
the brane surfacehence the gap in the illustration below.
The diagram below is a tad ahead of ourselves, but gives you
some idea of some of the hurdles we have to overcome, like
quantum vs. relative spacetimes.

Just as we used j-cosine above to illustrate cos in jentropies, we use i-sine to illustrate i-entropies. These have
mirrored results, so the intensities of both expanding and
contracting spaces are equal and opposite in the same places
relative to distance from the point of origin. The point of origin
for j is the surface. For i it is the center of the object, and
where ii:

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Again, the center of the graphs is 0,0, meaning we are

looking at the field conditions going both directions from the
point of origin. The latitude and longitude labels are used here
to indicate they are at right angles to each other. They are
better described as rotating into latitude or longitude in
opposite directions, which allows them to pass through jentropy spaces without violating boundary conditions.
Just as with the j-entropy spaces, i-spaces have zombie
zones. These can only store force energy that is transient.
Each linear or angular force can be either transient or intrinsic.
For each entropy condition, one is transient while the other is
intrinsic, limiting its capacity to simply evaporate. Intrinsic field
forces still affect the spaces around them, they just cant be
given away. This affects the rate transient forces can
accumulate, resulting in fluctuations of intensity as shown in
the diagram of a wave cycle.

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The j-spaces conveniently separate the fields, making the

zombie space fairly easy to identify in a simple diagram. The ifields and their zombies are in parallel spaces. Those spaces
still store energy, get redefined, and emit. Unlike the
directional j-space emissions, i-emissions are relatively
uniform across the surface. As such, the above diagram
applies to every point in the field. A stars emissions are
relatively uniform across the surface. A pulsars emissions are
directional. The pulse is an illusion of directional emission
spinning like the beacon of a light house.

Bonds

Phase spaces as composites of i and j are even more

ambiguous. First, every point contains parallel spaces,
including zombies where energy can be stored. However, the
orientation of these spaces is uniform, so instead of uniform
emissions we have directional emissions. The i-spaces result
in a consistent surface quality, no matter what perspective we
take. Phase spaces, like j-spaces, have two perspectives: an
extra-temporal toroid or temporal sphere. The observed field

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conditions are that of the toroid, but it is distorted by the

temporal sphere resulting in long-range toroidal field lines.
The significance of this peculiar arrangement of phase
provides the capacity to form bonds with select i and j entropy
conditions. Without it, we would not have the generations of
matter. These primordial strong bonds are extra-temporal,
meaning they form and break spontaneously outside of time.
In particle accelerators this provides a lot of inconvenient and
misleading results, suggesting things are put together in ways
they actually arent, and giving significance to observations
that arent actually that significant.
Each phase has two null or void spaces. Each void is
associated with an opposite entropy as either a brane or
emission. The void spaces are conditionally available for
bonding with that entropy condition. Once that bond is formed,
the entropy conditions for the whole are changed. As such, the
most common bonds are rb and gb. The least common bonds
are rgb because both bonds have to occur at the same time. If
they arent the new rb or gb entropy conditions will not permit
another bond. The reason for this is container size.
If we are looking at these bonds as individual particles,
they are type I (rb|gb) and type II (rgb) Weyl fermions. If on
creation the bonds are paired in entanglements we get eleptons (rb), -leptons (gb), or -leptons (rgb). All these
particles change their identities and subsequent qualities by
changing only one thing: their entropy definitions. This tells us
all Weyl fermions have the same amount of scalar force
defining them, and all leptons have the same amount of scalar
force defining them.
In other words, the containers are holding the same
amount of stuff but in different ways. To form rgb, the scalar
force value that could be held in one entropy container must
be discharged. This is the energy we see in fusion (e.g. joining
quarks into bosons or bosons into nucleons). It also explains
why the energy of fusion is so high, whereas fission (breaking
apart particles) is relatively low.
The difference is such that people fear particle
accelerators knowing the energy discharge is exponentially
greater than more casual interactions like fission. What they
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do not realize is that accelerators are playing with two

particles at a time, so even though the energy is exponentially
greater, it is in such small quantities that it is not enough to
noticeably change the temperature of a drop of water, let
alone move a feather or do anything noticeably significant.
Before we go much further with our examination of
entropies, let us examine how they define and contain matter.
This brings us to the subjects of chromodynamics, particle
structures and interactions, and subsequently how particles
are created.

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Chromodynamics 51
Chromodynamics literally means changing colors, or the
changing qualities of color. In QM, it generally describes the
strong interactions of quarks mediated by gluons. There are
three colors additive to white, and three anti-colors subtractive
to black. This division is consistent with the entropies and their
states, but with a bit of a yin-yang quantum twisting. For
example, the positive states of h (green) and j (red) are colors,
but +i (anti-blue=yellow) is an anti-color.
With these details in mind,
we can now reasonably look
at applying colors/anti-colors
to entropies, their states, and
seeing how and when the
same entropy condition can
occupy the same space. We
can also dramatically improve
the conventional breakdown
of particles into a more
informative
and
useful
system. As the conventional
table illustrates, it is very
limited, does not go into
details, and does not really show how things are related to
each other. Our new working model will be more consistent
with the expectations of chromodynamics, Gauge theory, and
Lagrangian mechanicsthe Standard Model.

Terms
Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is the working theory of
strong interactions based in the invariant field dynamics of
discrete particles. The field theory is called a non-abelian
gauge theory, meaning group symmetry does not commute to
other groups (e.g. Yang-Mills Theory).
Symmetry means being made of similar parts either facing
each other or sharing a common axis. The term can be
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applied to particles individually or collectively. Quarks are

individually asymmetric because they consist of dissimilar
parts, but quarks as a group are symmetrically structured and
consist of similar parts.
Every group is subject to Lagrangian mechanical rules.
These rules describe a finite set of dimensions and boundary
conditions collectively called a phase space. The degrees of
freedom within that phase space characterizes the state. For
our purposes here, the nature of interactions evolves with the
nature symmetries defining a particular group. We use the
same set of dimensions for all our material definitions, but the
dimensions are archetypal, adapting to the changing
conditions. Degrees of freedom describes when an archetype
adapts and results in the perception of a new set of
observational dimensions.
In a particular group of particles, the natures of their fields
and interactions are consistent, but their interactions result in
another group different from the first but consistent within its
class. The creation of the secondary group conceals the
identity of the parent group(s). This is called confinement.
Confinement basically states that color charged particles
cannot be isolated and observed individually by themselves.
The argument of quark confinement (force between quarks not
diminishing as they separate) fails analytical proof because it
is poorly constructed. It is also not relevant to this book.
Color charge is a system for identifying the states of
quarks and gluons. It also turns out that color charge is
actually fundamental and deserves the title quantum number.
The color and anti-color labeling was assigned arbitrarily, and
though it has nothing specifically to do with color on the light
spectrum, the mixing qualities of colors proves incredibly
useful for analyzing the QR change functions called entropies.
In earlier versions of QR, blue was assigned to phase
entropythe hypercomplex variable. There was also a
warning that the QR assignments could be mixed up versus
what was observationally colored. The dust has yet to settle
on this matter, but one change has already occurred. The
gluon known as a doublet revealed that phase is green, not
blue. That does not change the fact that observationally the
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assignments are arbitrary, whereas our treatment here is

extremely specific. As observations become more specific, it
will be easier to settle the color assignments.

Primordial Base
Color charge as a fundamental quantum variable means
we start our exploration of particles with it and the concept of
charge generally. Charge is a susceptibility to a particular
force condition. Traditionally, the force condition is described
as fundamental, but most of these so-called forces are not
truly fundamental to qualify as quantum forces. They are
evolved and emergent forces. When we refer to force
generically here, we are referring to quantum forces that will
interact with specific color charges.
Just as forces evolve and emerge, so too do different
forms of charge. In particle physics the charge of a particle is
typically viewed as baryonic, which is really a relativistic form
of charge. As relativistic it has a fully emergent temporal
feature, so it will behave in relatively ordinary fashions, like
gravity contracting space toward the origin.
One step below baryonic charge is weak hyperchargeor
simply hypercharge. This is a quasi-relativistic form with
quantum subtleties. In other words, just because two particles
share a numerically complementary hypercharge does not
mean they will get along in a bond as nicely as we may
expect. Even baryonic charges have some quantum
subtleties. These subtleties will allow the interaction to occur
but with caveats. To really understand the nuances, we have
to go to the root of charge as a concept and watch it evolve
and emerge.
The traditional anti-color symbol conventions apply a bar to
the top of the color symbol. For our purposes, we will use the
colors to represent themselves. As such we see the following
convention adaptations versus entropies:

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Hyphenation is necessary to differentiate particle (N) and

anti-particle () states from rotational perspectives. A key
difference between particle and anti-particle is relativistic. In a
temporal interaction between N and of the same entropy
there are two possible outcomes: they interact and annihilate
or they do not interact at all.
For example, j+j=0 and j+j=0 indicate no interaction
because the second j or j rotates its perspective. No
interaction in this case means the fields temporarily neutralize
and no bond occurs. We can call this a neutral grey state
because putting color and anti-color together results in both
white and black values, but nothing else. If done at high
speeds, the identities can recover and continue about their
trajectories. At low speeds they annihilate.
Conversely, j is not just rotated in perspective to j, it is
rotated relative to phase. Put together, the second j still
rotates perspective as if it were the same state as the first j:
j+jjj=2j. This means they both interact completely. Each
sees the other as fully occupying the same space. They repel
each other and retain their original identities. We can
essentially look at this as a confined grey interaction. Like
hypercharged particles and baryons, the generic grey charge
value has subtle quantum qualities.
In the periodic particle table below, the columns are
assigned colors consistent with their entropies. The primordial
particles provide the key to understanding each column. They
consist of quantum forces trapped in an entropy container.
This trapping of quantum forces is a type I strong interaction
we will talk about in the Mitosis and Meiosis chapter.
Primordial particles never occur alone, so we cannot observe
them alone. There are four ways primordial particles interact:
entanglements, transitive, strong transitional, and type II
strong bonds.
Each primordial particle has two potential entanglement
bands (shown as x) but can only use one. The bands are the
antithesis of the entropy defining the particle, so red in a jentropy container has potential to form h or i-entanglements.
They are literally non-values, meaning the particle has no

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value technically attributed to them. The attribution is made by

the environmental conditions applied to the actual container. It
is limited to a proportion mathematically equivalent to the
container.
Red and blue (or cyan and yellow) have parallel spaces.
When they come into contact with each other, they pass
through each other and interact as adjacent vectors. They
cannot bond to each other, so they pull and then push each
other apart. The interaction is strong but not bonding, so we
call it a transitive interaction.

Periodic Particle Table

Each column is labeled with a state of K or K and equated
with an entropy state. From a relativistic perspective, K and K
can appear to be the same thing because KK. Just as this
confuses us, there are times the universe cant really tell the
difference either. A linear K looks very much like a linear K. If
you cannot observe a definitive interaction, it can be
impossible to really tell the difference. A telling interaction
would be seeing K passing through the same space as K
and nothing happening. Ironically, K will pass through the
same space.
It is because of this confusion that we are changing our
symbolism so we can keep track of our signs. To show rotation
of material identities and their fields we use +|. To show the
state, we use an apostrophe like h (magenta) i' (blue), and j'
(cyan). This way we can see how the fields are analyzed and
retain the identity while distinguishing the rotational aspect.
The columns indicate the most prevalent entropy condition.
At first among the primordial particles this is simple. As soon
as we combine these particles in entanglements or type II
strong bonds, the original colors are confined (concealed)
within an emergent quality that jumps its position to the
opposite side of the table.
Each row has identical interaction properties, spin, force,
and entropy values. Changing the defining entropy of any

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particle in a row changes its identity, the nature of its quantum

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force, and its relativistic spacetime definitions. Interaction

properties include how the particle is put together and how it
will interact with other particles. The details and emergent
valuesespecially relativistic valuesare different. Let us
Weyl Fermions
Red and green (cyan and magenta), green and blue
(magenta and yellow), or rgb=K (cmy=K) form a type II strong
bond. These bonds have a common quantum force
magnitude. As such, for K or K to form, the force equivalent of
one primordial particle is released as light. Pairs of bound
primordial particles are type I Weyl fermions, where triplets are
type II.
From an observational perspective, it is very difficult to
distinguish between members of each type, especially type II.
They look like the same thing but rotated in perspective. Type
I is not much easier. The only way to really tell them apart is
by where they are occurring. Fortunately they are almost
always entangled in pairs to form leptons. Otherwise, as
quantum particles, they lack the requisite conditions for
relativistic properties to emerge on their own.
Each Weyl fermion has a wavicle space (shown as w)
opposite and/or antithetical to its confined spaces. For white
and black type IIs, this is a complex entanglement space of all
three opposite entropies together. Like the primordial particles,
this space is a potential for entanglement, but offers double
the potential band width for an entanglement. When an
entanglement is formed to create a lepton, the wavicle and
entanglement spaces are mirrored to both sides of the identity.
Photons
Each photon consists of a pair of entangled identical
primordial particles. These entanglements are grey because
the parts are rotated so they are simultaneously white and
black. The entanglement provides a mirrored wavicle space of
the whole, which confines the coloring. This confinement
makes identifying the type of photon very difficult. The x-ray is
the only named photon that is easily identified by where it
commonly comes from.

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Photons come in two magnitudes. In the first magnitude

the parts are primordial in scale, where the second are Weyl
fermion in scale. Type I parts can be bound or caused to
change roles into other particle compositions. Type II photons
are what we would consider hard radiation because they
have the same force composition as a lepton and can knock
an electron out of its orbit. They can also be transformed into
leptons by changing a subset of their entanglement into an
active entropy condition. Type II cannot be bound.
Gluons
Gluons consist of unlike pairs of entangled primordial
particles. The entanglement again provides a mirrored wavicle
identity and confines the primordial parts. Confinement on the
table is indicated by ~. As wavicles they can be observed by
the tiny fraction of their spaces where the entropies actually
occur or by the massive common space where their shared
energy conditions occur. They are literally both particle and
wave at the same time.
Weak Bosons
The only thing weak about these bosons is their
interactions with each other. They are not what we should
consider proper particles because really they are in transition
to differentiate entanglements from type II strong bonds
becoming leptons. This strong transitional interaction crosses
most entropy lines, causing the emergence of relativistic
conditions like mass. Generally the interaction is so intense
that the weak boson has a higher temporal dilation and
resulting mass than the resulting lepton.
Weak bosons are important to us mathematically and to
describe a state in transition, but otherwise have no significant
role in the universe. Each primordial part is the carrier of the
force its entropy defines. Beyond that, it is hard to say any
boson is a special carrier of anything beyond what makes it
up. In other words, the weak bosons are important in their role
and to see the emergence and proportion of relativistic
variables, but are otherwise worthless and overrated.

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Leptons
Every lepton consists of an entangled pair of Weyl
fermions. They can be identical Weyl fermions or opposites
(e.g. rg with cm). When they are identical, one half is rotated
in aspect to the other so they can form an entanglement and
relativistic values can emerge.
When the two halves are opposites, their entanglements
neutralize. Neutralizing causes them to remain quantum
particles with no relativistic values. As such, they have no
mass or charge, and their entanglements go grey unless put
into another entropy condition that makes parts of those
entanglements active.
Because leptons consist of entangled Weyl fermions, their
bands are at full potentialdouble that of individual primordial
particles, gluons, and type I photons. Bands always occur in
pairs, and because they are null values, they are also
potentials for forming new matter or embedded union with a
photon to form a topolariton (not shown) or two gluons to form
a quark.
Quarks
Topolaritons are both anomalous and resilient because the
photon offers consistency. As an anomaly, we only know of
their existence thanks to Gil Rafael at Caltech making them.
As quasi-particles they enjoy many of the qualities of both
leptons and photons. Photons are easily degradable, which
means topolaritons easily lose this nucleation and become
simple leptons. Embedded with the lepton helps preserve the
photon, keeping it from propagating on its own to annihilation,
and making it easier to direct on a trajectory.
Quarks get their name for being quirky, for behaving
strangely. This strange behavior in part is because the pair of
gluons embedded in the lepton making it a quark can change
their identities. Only two types of gluon can embed in any
single lepton, and they dont have to be identical. Identical can
actually work against the quark.
Despite the changes and differences, the surface qualities
of the quark remain the same but sensitive to quantum
conditions. This means the quark as a whole can change its
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identity, but in doing so creates new leptons also. So long as it

retains its identity, it will have one space open to form a
lepton-level interaction with another quark.
This interaction limits quarks interactions dramatically (up
to down, bottom to top, charm to strange). It also allows them
to start bonding with their own anti-particles, which of course
triggers mutual annihilation. There are odd exceptions, like
strange to up kaons, but we can see both how the exception is
made (linear for linear) and why they arent terribly satisfactory
for stable particle identities.
The double bands of the leptons also have double the
band width. The lepton provides a whole or neutral
hypercharge. Out of three possible interactions, a lepton only
sees one complete interaction with the two gluons. For unit
charges, that interaction is neutralizing, reducing the number
of interactions to 2/3. For neutrinos the interaction is additive,
increasing to 1/3.
These lepton with photon or gluon pair unions are strong
transitional interactions. Because they have relatively common
reference points, they are relatively recurrent. We say
relatively because they arent perfect and easily fall apart
without reinforcement by forming more complex structures like
hadrons/nucleons or other baryons. Even then, only the proton
is known to be adaptive enough to have a virtually indefinite
life expectancy.

Hadronization
Hadronization is the process whereby quarks bond with
each other to form a variety of baryons that include nucleons
(protons, neutrons, anti-protons), mesons, hyperons, etc. This
is a two-step process where compatible quarks first establish
their compatibility then form type II strong bonds among their
interacting gluons. Quarks and leptons are both quasiquantum particles with relativistic qualities. This means they
can partly share spaces, but generally will interact or bounce
off each other.
The possibilities with quasi-quantum particles can seem
virtually endless. Each contains a lot of unused spaces other
quasi-quantum particles can occupy under the right
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conditions. This does not mean they will like each other and
form permanent relationships. They can inadvertently get
tangled by forming permanent relationships where they can.
The results of such formations in QR are classified as
WIMPs (weakly interacting massive particles). As their name
and this description suggests, there is nothing small about
them. For our purposes in this book, hadronization is a stretch
because our focus is on the quantum particles. Understanding
hadronization helps us see further down the line to WIMPs
and even to black holes.
In hadronization, the lepton interaction between quarks can
be looked at like fitting a dowel into a sleeve of the same size
and shape. Just because you slide one into the other does not
mean there is a bond. It is an opportunity to bond. You need a
little something extra to lock the dowel into the sleeve. First
you have to do the insertion. Then the two parts have to agree
to bond by means of their gluons.
Agreement to bond is enabled by the quirkiness of the
changing gluons. By this stage, the primordial gluon parts are
under confinement conditions, so they are obligated to form
two three-way bonds. When the lepton was nucleated to the
gluons, one of the gluons becomes an inner containing
condition while the other becomes an outer bondable
condition. The bond locks the outer gluon identities of the
quarks but does not stop their inner gluons from alternating
identities. The identities of the inner gluons do become fairly
stable though.
Inner gluons are destabilized by changing force conditions
in the entanglement bands. The changing force conditions
affect the entropy identities of the gluon parts. The forces can
amass and be discharged as type I photons, or inadvertently
form new pairs of identical gluons. The latter triggers quark
decay. The decay is in part a function of the second law of
thermodynamics: equilibrium. The new particle identities throw
off the normal entropy conditions of the next larger material
identity (the quark), causing it to change identity and
discharge two leptons.
When we look at an atom, our perception is of a relatively
stable structure. Under the layers of relative stability are
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degrees of versatility. The atom consists of protons bound via

neutrons typically to other protons by means of type III strong
interactions. Each hadrons quarks are held together by an
entangled pair of three-way gluon-bonds (type II Weyl
fermions). Each of these type II Weyl fermions has three
bands, and the entanglement forms a trion (discovered and
named by Michael Evans).

The bands connect the halves in inner and outer pathways

as illustrated. Like all other bands, these are null emergent
values. As entropy conditions, they are color-coded. Like their
active counterparts, they will interact following the rules of
chromodynamics. Protons and anti-protons use these bands
to form type III strong bonds with neutrons. The bands arent
terribly picky about use of space, but the rest of the particle
parts are.
As the name neutron suggests, the two down quarks
neutralize a potential. That potential (the O on the up quark) is
left available with a proton and causes the proton to always
entangle with an electronbut not another lepton. The
neutralization of the two down quarks leaves a potential for
decay because a proper entropy balance cannot be achieved
as it is with the proton, especially when paired with an
electron.
As you can see, we never really leave the quantum
conditions entirely. When we get into hadronization and
subsequent structures, our potential interactions increase
exponentially. It is for this reason that we dont go into extreme
details in this book beyond the particle table provided.

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Mitosis and Meiosis 63

The chromodynamics coloring system provides three types
of strong interaction. Type I strong interactions are specifically
between entropies and quantum forces in the creation or
annihilation of matter. It is generically called mitosis because it
describes the creation of matter in terms analogous to cellular
mitosis. Mitosis describes new formations with the same
number of distinct identities, whereas the nearly identical
meiosis results in offspring with fewer distinct identities.
Unlike cells, parent particles do not completely sacrifice
themselves to create new matter. In particle meiosis, the
parent is not sacrificed. Particle offspring are also not replicas
of the parents. They are instead negative or antithetical
creations representing what the parents are not. Binary fission
is excluded here as an applicable term because all new matter
has distinct identities consistent with nucleation.

Terms and Phases

All new matter is formed by collecting linear or angular
forces in null-entropy containers called entanglement bands.
The entanglement bands consist of the entropy condition not
represented in the identities of the entangled particles. As
such, all offspring are unique relative to their parents. Each
pair of entangled particles has two entanglement bands. The
bands both have the same null entropy condition but in
opposite states (+/).
Mitosis occurs where both states are created
simultaneously because those bands are together. Meiosis
occurs where the states are formed separately because the
bands are separated and paired by states. In either case, two
particles are always formed simultaneously and share the
same force input. The observed distance between these
spaces is of no consequence because they both share the
same entropy condition.
MitosisThe creation of two new material identities with the
same entropy but of opposite states. When formed, the
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new material identities entangle separately with the parent

particles.
MeiosisThe creation of two new material identities with the
same entropy and state. The new material identities
typically entangle with each other to form photons, splitting
away from the parent particle. Under confining conditions,
such as in quarks and hadrons, multiple identities can be
formed simultaneously within bonding proximities that will
trigger a series of interactions and entropy changes that
will affect parental identity.
Phase Stages
In biology, mitosis is described in a series of developmental
stages called phases. To alleviate confusion, we will use all
the biology terms except phase. In QR, phase is used to
describe an independent entropy that in generic application
also defines +/ states of entropies. Typical of developmental
models, there are five stages. Each stage is a composite of
cumulative conditions of prior stages.
InterphaseParental identity and existence apart from
reproduction constitutes the majority of the process and is
called interphase. To understand the details of the
process and outcomes, we will first explore the details of
the parent parts separately.
ProphaseThe second stage is the conditions or opportunity
of mitosis/meiosis. This consists of two elements: the
entanglement (null conditions) and available forces to
accumulate value in the null conditions until unit values are
achieved.
MetaphaseThe third stage describes how accumulation is
processed short of new identity formation.
AnaphaseThe new identities are formed and split either
from each other entangling with the parents separately, or
from the parents either entangling or bonding with each
other.
TelophaseThe distinction of separate particles occurs, each
separate particle beginning an interphase existence.
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Interphase
To understand interphase we need to examine the parent
parts separately. We will see how the parenting opportunity is
created when we combine these parts in prophase. One of the
challenges of examining the parts separately is called
confinement. Here we have two confining concepts. The
confinement relevant here is our inability to observe individual
colors by themselves because they are always in a
relationship resulting in the sharing of values and spaces
defined by their relationship. The second item of confinement
deals specifically with restrictions to opportunity in prophase.
We will ignore the observational limitation of confinement
and simply define the primordial parts as if we could isolate
them. Each of these identities is better described as a field
condition than in convention ideas of matter. They are not
solids, nor do they have structure. Each identity is contained
by one of three entropies consistent with colors and in a
particular phase entropy state. Identical colors of opposite
states or in rotated perspective can pass through each other.
Reds and blues of one state can also pass through the space
of a green of opposite state.
Each entropy condition favors only two force conditions.
One of these forces is always a spin force, relating the primary
force definition to the entropy. The primary force definition for i
(blue/yellow) and j-entropy (red/cyan) conditions is always
linear, whereas h-entropies (green/magenta) are always
angular. Phase states determine field orientatione.g. which
side is uprelative to temporal phase.
Phase (h) is mathematically a hypercomplex number
consisting of elements of both i and j. Among primordial
particles, h (green) is a left-handed form of j. It describes an
expanding space with angular force values. Its opposite state
(h=magenta) is a right-handed form of i: a contracting space
with angular force values.
Relative to each other, i and j are left and right-handed
conditions. This means the linear force of i expands while that
of j contracts at right angles relative to each other. On the
particle table (pg 57) these are identified as particles (N) and
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anti-particles () due to relativistic conditions. The anti-particle

that can potentially annihilate with the particle of a color is its
anti-color (e.g. cyan is the anti-particle of red). In the first
generation, anti-particles have the opposite state but the same
entropy. Anti-colors can occupy or otherwise pass through the
same spaces as colors. Opposite states of the same particle
occupying the same space neutralizes the local entropy
condition. In complex structures this causes annihilation.
Opposite temporal states (e.g. red and blue) will not share
the same space or bond with each other. They can only bond
with green by occupying a vacant entropy condition of the
hypercomplex h. A left-handed h (green) has two vacancies: j
and i. It can fill one, the other, or conditionally both
simultaneously. Once one is filled, the other cannot be filled
due to proximal arguments between red and bluebut both
can be filled simultaneously. This is type II strong interactions
or primordial/fundamental bonds.
Spins allow for transformation of one force type into
another. When we look at these particles separately, we see
two sets of vectors: primary and secondary. For the temporal
entropies (i and j) the primary vector is linear and parallel to
the surface creating tension and defining the space of the
matter as a brane (a surface without depth containing a void).
The secondary vector is angular and at a right angle to the
surface (perpendicular).
Being able to transform one force type into another is
important not just to distant interactions, but also the ability of
the particle to lose force. Linear and angular forces in righthanded states are intrinsic. They cannot be emitted by
themselves (e.g. permeate as light). Left-handed force states
can be emitted independent from the matter. Emission
depends on the spacetime conditions in which the particle
occurs.
For each particle there is one field trying to tear it apart
while another field resists, trying to hold it together. Each
particle needs both expanding and contracting spaces. A
contracting brane needs to be pulled apart because as it
contracts it violates its boundary conditions and has to
discharge force. Since the force is right-handed, it cannot be
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discharged. To accommodate, a right-handed particle will flip

either its state or entropy condition changing colors and the
normative local entropy conditions, which will trigger color
changes in other particles. The only way to retain balance is
by being in a complementary relationship.
Greens are constructed in opposite terms to reds and
blues. Instead of distributing their primary force and vector
conditions relative to a brane, they distribute within a volume.
The secondary force and vector conditions have to occur at a
right angle relative to the first. As such, the secondary
conditions provide the surface or relative brane establishing a
clear boundary to the first conditions. Conversely, reds and
blues start with the brane and then distribute the secondary
conditions into an open volume.

Prophase
Primordial matter never occurs alone. It always occurs in
entangled or bound pairs, with the occasional three-way color
bond. When it is bound in pairs or triplets, with the exception
of weak bosons, those bound sets are further entangled with
an identical particle of like or opposite state. The
entanglements are the opportunity for mitosis/meiosis created
by matter. Without this opportunity, force propagations just
continue about their business and would never interact with
matter, let alone contribute to creating matter.
Each primordial particle in these interactions has a color
assignment and two potential entropies, one of opposite state.
Red (j) will offer i (yellow) and h (magenta). If red is entangled
with magenta, the null entropy available for mitosis is yellow.
Magenta has +j and i potentials. Entanglement with red
satisfies j leaving i (blue) available for mitosis potentials.
Every entangled pair consists of one color and one anticolor. The last two of the eight gluons have four and six
primordial parts each. The first only consists of opposite states
of red and blue. This is a unique condition because the
particles are each sharing their available green bands two
ways. They arent strongly bound by their entanglements to
each other.

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The last gluon of six colors only adds green and magenta
to the mix of the former. It can be achieved through mitosis of
the four-way gluon. This structure can be held together either
through strong entanglement bond or by alternating
entanglement relationships. In either case, mitosis and
meiosis are not feasible because the entropy conditions are
always changing.
When bound primordial particles (Weyl fermions) are
entangled, the entropy bands differentiate. Going back to red
and green as an example, to convert the available h in red to
h in green, a i null entropy condition is created relative to
green. Green has commuted its available j to its i. Green does
something else rather peculiar. It treats red and blue as
distinct. As such, when both are present, green will have two
entropy bands instead of one. In either case, the bands from
red and blue are separate from those of green. The result of
this is pairs of identical bands linked to each other and
creating opportunities of meiosis.
For the sake of simplicity, we will proceed with the process
applied to only a single band. Just do not forget that it is
always happening to two simultaneously, and from their
perspective there is no spatial difference between those
containers because these entropies by themselves are extratemporal. If at any point in the process they interact with a
different entropy, time emerges and the accumulating forces
are released as force propagation (light).
The opportunities offered by bands are numerous and very
specific. First we must remember that each entanglement
band technically describe a non-existent entropy condition. It
is null. An adimension. The space between the entangled
parts is a void space, meaning it has no tensors belonging to
the parts even though the entanglement as a whole describes
a tensor condition for that whole. Because each entropy is
extra-temporal, the relative spacetime in the band is zero. This
distorts the spacetime around the entanglement selectively
attracting linear or angular forces.
Red/cyan and blue/yellow bands absorb linear forces.
Green/magenta bands absorb angular forces. The bands

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define their void spaces as volume for linear forces and a line
for angular forces based oon permeability constants.

V = 22/kg m s = 4G/
Newtons Constant (G)
The relationships with the other constants and V suggest
the variances below are caused by angular interference
resulting in a slight hyperbolic difference (e.g. Ve). This is
unavoidable working with temporal masses.

Entanglement in prophase provides opportunity, but not all

opportunities are equal. An entanglement can be confined in a
greater identity, such as the bands in the inner structures of
quarks and hadrons. The confinement is caused by one or
more primordial gluon parts taking up one of the available nullPMa Tse70

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entropies of a lepton part. Without the constraint, a lepton

undergoes meiosis, producing photons of like entangled parts
but of the same magnitude (scale) as the lepton. Under the
right entropy conditions, the photon can be switched into a
lepton.

Metaphase
Permittivity defines the units force applied to void required
to achieve a spacetime identity. Matter only accounts for a few
spacetime identities. Other spacetime identities include longrange interactions like loop quantum gravity. The product of
permittivity and permeability for linear, angular, and spin forces
is c. Spin force is generally measured in increments of and
treated as a quantum number. It is far more complex, which
we will get to later.

There are significant differences between the spaces

forces are accumulating in (permeability) and the way forces
are redefining those spaces. Linear force shapes a magnitude
(kg) contained in a length (m) into a volume contained by the
magnitude and entropy condition as a function of time. Angular
force does exactly the opposite: shaping a volume contained
by its magnitude into a magnitude contained by a length and
entropy condition.
We can equate the length in both to the stretching of
entanglement bands during the process. This stretching is
where they get their most common name: rubber bands. In
quarks they are confined, so they will expand where they can.
That and storing force gives them the name flux tubes. Either
way, the parts involved and all resulting values and qualities
are affected by force accumulation in metaphase.
In the Quantum Manifolds chapter we will go over the
shapes, interactions, and transformations between them. For
now our chief concern is simply to create matter. This is
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regulated by the ability to fulfill the null entropy condition

making it an actual entropy condition. The entropy is directly
associated with double the quantum unit of spin (I=1 or ).
only applies to leptons in confinement. Otherwise they
technically have a unit spin with an imaginary component that
provides an observed spin. As mentioned, spin is
complicated.
This unit of spin is a measure of permeability ()the rate
force influences space. To resolve the Pythagorean
relationship between spin, linear, and angular forces, they
must be stripped of units. The appropriate units can then be
reasserted. In the following, f indicates a unitless force value.
If we apply the states to these forces, the entropies begin to
emerge as the imaginary elements.

Anaphase
Greens grow from the outside in, which accelerates the
process with accumulation. Reds and blue grow from the
inside out, slowing the process with accumulation. The
increasing entropy values are used for these computations
through metaphase development. They do not have viable
identities where those entropies are actualized until they
achieve relative quantum unit status.
Mitosis and meiosis conditions are different in anaphase.
Gluon mitosis will form both states in the same location,
whereas in meiosis the locations are already separated and
the states are identical. In practicality, the difference really
doesnt matter. It is more like a friendly reminder that
primordial particles, among others, of opposing states or
rotated aspects can occupy the same space.
In the confined spaces of quarks and hadrons, anaphase
can and does occur at somewhat inconvenient times. It is like
having a packed suitcase when suddenly new clothes appear
in it. Suddenly you have particles where before you had only
forces and spatial distortions. These sudden entropy
conditions are occurring simultaneously right next to each
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other. They bond and interact in degrees that can be quite

misleading, like W-bosons.
Weak bosons generally are just intermediary particlesa
temporary product of anaphase. They are interesting and
useful, just as clay spun on a wheel but not shaped into
something can be. Weak bosons occur where entropy
conditions are appearing and disappearing in near proximity to
each otherjust extreme conditions. They do not remain
weak bosons for long. They could, but the extreme conditions
would have to be subject to many more extremes that are
beyond the scope of this book.

Telophase
Anaphase can result in a chain reaction of entropy
changes that can alter the identity of the parent particle and
affect the relationships between the newly formed matter.
Each set wants to find a relative stable identity. For most
gluons this is fairly simple: each parent entangles color to anticolor with one of the offspring. Leptons generally try to release
the new photon, but if the photon is nucleating the lepton, it
becomes a new identity (topolariton).
Quarks have entirely too many working parts (2 gluons and
a lepton) that are vulnerable to changing entropy conditions.
Entropy containers prefer a relatively equalized environment.
A new set of entropy conditions inside a quark easily creates
an imbalance that needs normalizing. Normalizing changes
the identity of the quark. This is typically seen as greater
quarks decaying into lesser quarks, like down to up, while
discharging a lepton and anti-lepton pair.
Under ordinary particle conditions, telophase is a period of
differentiating material identities. Gluon mitosis generally
yields pairs of particles of the same generation. Other particles
experience what is better described as meiosis because the
offspring (one or more) are of lesser generations. Generally
the parent is preserved, though often, as with quarks, the
parent identity may be changed. Under extraordinary
conditions, differentiation is prevented by means of
confinement: the offspring have nowhere else to go.

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It is only under extraordinary circumstances that super

massive particles can be formed that have extreme forcespacetime density conditions and other qualities. There is no
telling just how many possible particles with virtually no ability
to thrive on their own can be manufactured under
extraordinary conditions. The trick will be finding the next
sweet spot where the field conditions are homogenous and
intense enough to justify a new particle. The size and mass
of even the smallest of these could be many metric tons.

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Quantum Forces 75
In traditional physics, force is a relativistic magnitude of
material motion or interaction. As relativistic, these forces have
tensor, vector, and temporal qualities. Applied to motion they
become angular and linear momentum. This whole system
depends on matter and intrinsic spaces, leaving a host of less
than adequately explained phenomena like oscillation, light,
transfer particles, the creation and annihilation of matter.
Einstein proposed the photon as a solution to light and as
a transfer particle for electromagnetism. Photons as quantum
particles certainly fill these roles, but are the exception rather
than the rule. Like the rest of us, Einstein struggled with
classical thinking, which demands particle mediation for force.
This struggle keeps the bad habit of aether theory alive even
though it has repeatedly been proven wrong since the
Michelson-Morley Experiment of 1887.

Framework
In 1927, De-Broglie introduced his Pilot Wave Theory
(PWT). This theory has not been popular because it
encourages the pursuit of hidden variables and suggests
determinism. A hidden variable pursuit is not practical in the
mainstream. It requires inordinate amounts of time with no
promise of results, and personal qualities that are extremely
hard to come by.
Science can essentially be divided into engineering and
exploration. The fact is that all our advanced science today
was once hidden variables. To work with hidden variables
correctly, you can never lose sight of the established facts and
algorithms. If anything, the hidden values that actually work
are buried in the logic of the established algorithms.
QR uses hidden variables to show the logical patterns
among observable variables. As you have already seen, these
hidden variables are logical functions within the algorithms.
Determinism only occurs at fixed points, boundary conditions.
We see determinism notably in the breakdown of matter into
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groups of consistent qualities. Between these, Bells Theorem

applies another quantum concept of PWT: manifest nonlocality.
Manifest non-locality can be interpreted in multiple ways. In
a wave function we do not know exactly where the entropy
containers are defining the particle making the wave. We can
statistically infer those locations, and the potential needed to
observe the location affects if not occasionally creating the
results.
If we are looking for the particle in the wave, it politely
obliges us. If we are looking for a particle in a place, the
potential and energies we use to find it easily create it.
Manifold spaces depend on entropy containers, not the other
way around. As such, the entropies can appear literally
anywhere in space. All we need is a potential entropy and
quantum force to fill that container to make it a functional
entropy. Then matter and its manifolds spontaneously appear.
The type I strong interaction between forces and entropy
potentials is extra-temporal. The forces permeate in time, but
the potential is outside of time allowing the force to
accumulate. As a potential it technically has no space, but
once it becomes active, the space occurs instantly. The active
entropy depends on the accumulation of force to give it value.
Quantum forces define their own spacetimes. These are
not relativistic spacetimes. They are quantum spacetimes
missing an important variable: an entropy container. This
creates a whole new problem: namely an absence of space
for something that clearly exists. The result is a state of
manifest non-locality in all fields, whether they are force
propagations, band spaces, wave spaces, or vector fields.
When force accumulates in an entropy band, there is no
manifold definition there eitheronly a potential. While this
potential does have a general locality associated with the
parent particle, it does not have a specific location or space to
call its own until the conditions are met to form a spacetime
identity. Despite this, the band is shaped to receive force in a
particular way and the accumulation affects a spacetime
surface that causes the bands to stretch linearly.

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This proximal non-locality is a void space relative to the

components making up a generation of matter. The generation
and its subset are themselves deterministic points, but
everything between the generations such as void interactions
is not deterministic. There are simply too many possibilities to
achieve a deterministic evaluation.
We narrow those possibilities with the concepts of field
theory. We may not know exactly what is happening at every
point within a field, but we can generalize the condition there
absent of matter and show value for every point in that space.
Those values tell us what can happen when we insert
something else.
Unlike traditional forces, quantum forces do not involve a
particle intermediary and do not necessitate a change in
material motion. Quantum forces can create matter, change
the charge status of a potential, interact with matter but have
no consequence on the matter itself, or simply permeate
unaffected by matter or other quantum forces.
Even though we say these propagations are their own
spacetimes, this does not mean they have any spatial or
temporal qualities. They have the numeric proportions but lack
the requisite dimensions that would define a space or cause
changes to occur.
Light
is
emitted
from
matter
and
ultimately
observed/processed by matter. Its qualities are set by the
source and those remain unchanged until the light achieves a
material destination. That destination need not be the end of
its journey. It can continue to permeate. But if a material space
it passes through offers an entropy condition it can react with,
it will change accordingly.
Observationally, light and photons appear to be the same
thing. In either case we observe the wave function of a force.
There are some very important distinctions. Light is generally
continuous. In other words, it does not happen in bursts. It
simply flows. To observe it, we create a large area and allow it
to accumulate over time. If we were trying to do this with
quantum particles, much of the light would not interact at all.
Photons, however, will interact.

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Photons are actual particleswavicles. Photons have

trajectories, can be slowed to a stop, accelerated, easily
redirected, etc. They consist of identical parts with a grey
entanglement, which means they can pretty much interact with
anything. To pass through a physical medium like a lens, they
have to squeeze between the parts. This is easiest done when
there is an abundance of them. If they cant squeeze through,
they can either bounce off or react to the surface, transferring
the energy making up their identities.
We can have a continuous flow of photons, but even in that
flow there will be bursts of energy consistent with individual
photons. Like light, the information of the photon is preserved.
Unlike light, the photon can retain focus and interact with other
photons. If you observe a photon in an instant on a tiny space
it will provide the same information as light accumulated over
time on a large space.
The only real difference between light and photons is
whether the discharge was done in particle form all at once or
over time where particle formation could not occur because
the bands were interacting so they could not accumulate force
to form a particle. All photons consist of light, but not all light is
packeted into convenient photons. When we observe light, we
accumulate it to the equivalent of photons, but that is only an
equivalence. A virtual photon does not a real photon make.

General Nature
In traditional physics, variables are fairly simple with
consistent units of measure. The variable archetypes of QR
are simple in their own ways, but adaptive. For example,
quantum forces are simple scalarsraw, unglamorous, and
unembellished numbers. Unlike ordinary scalars, these can
only be distributed and interact in certain ways. Their
distributions and natures are fairly simple enough and can
even be covered using traditional examples. Interactions are
where they begin to get seriously complicated.
Like quantum particles, light is subject to the quantum
inconvenience of confinementthe superficial qualities
conceal the actual composition. On top of this inconvenience,
quantum particlesnotably waviclesare borderline light
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functions. The only real difference between wave propagation

and force permeating as light is the entropy container. From
an observational perspective, it is incredibly easy to conflate
one with the other.
Wave propagations depend on particle trajectory, the
entropy condition defining the wave function, and the force
permeation across that condition. Primordial particles are
defined by force permeation within an entropy condition.
Without limiting factors, the entropy condition is nontopological. The entropy space simply expands until the force
density becomes so low that it can no longer retain its material
identity. Primordial particles annihilate by propagating until
propagation is free of entropy conditions and becomes
permeation. Temporal confinement preserves identity.
Because waves are part of material identities, they occupy
intrinsic tensor spaces. The entropies give the forces direction,
making them vectors acting within those tensor spaces.
Because they occupy tensor spaces, they are mechanical and
displace other spaces in order to propagate. They either
displace the space in front of them (longitudinal=parallel to
path) or to their sides (transverse=perpendicular to path).
Force permeations do not have tensor spaces or direction
to make them vectors. As such, they do not displace tensor
spaces. Instead, they act conditionally on those tensor
spaces. The condition of the interaction depends on being
given direction and susceptibility. Direction is given by an
entropy condition. Susceptibility exists where there is a force
deficiency. Null entropy conditions like entanglement bands
are ideal susceptibilities.
Permeation begins as omnidirectional, meaning it follows a
straight path in every direction from its point of origin. This
direction is nearly always inconsequential to the interactive
effects on a material identity. It is only of consequence when
the force permeations occurring between two bodies achieve
a spacetime identity of their own. Otherwise, the permeation
will not directly affect the direction or magnitude of material
motion. Key word there is directly.
Susceptibility means a material identity can absorb or emit
a scalar value (quantum force), or otherwise interact with a
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field condition. Absorbing and emitting are typically done

without changing the material identity. There are extremes
where new identities form with the potential of changing the
identity of the parent particle (see Mitosis and Meiosis
chapter). Susceptibility is generally not to a force or field
defining the particle, but rather an absence of that force or
field. Toying with the forces defining particles violates their
identities.

Interactions
Material identities have layers of intrinsic spacetime
features: superficial, internal active, and internal inactive.
Each localized quantum or relativistic spacetime condition
influences or is influenced by forces in particular ways.
Emission
Each particle has its own way to store and process forces
it acquires or otherwise has in its definition. The particles spin
sets the rate of a processing cycle. If it can accumulate and
discharge force as a photon, it will package the information of
its processing into that simple package. If it emits
continuously, then the details of that processing and rate apply
to every point in the emission.
In either case, spectroscopy is used to flatten the curved
definition of that cycle to see the patterns. Our eyes use this to
a limited extent. When we see light, we only see a particular
prominent part of the light (color cones) or the brightness of
light (rods). The information is flat and bounded by the limits of
our ocular detectors. We interpret it as spatial and attribute
other spatial dimensions to the information.
Although a photon has intrinsic tensor spaces, each point
on the surface contains the same light information. The light
itself has no relativistic spatial definition, but does have a
potential for spatial definition. The potential is the spin we
attribute to light. Like the null entropy of an entanglement
band, the spin isnt actually there. It is a potential fixed at
creation and defined by what is actually there.
All light and photons have a unit spin value attributed to
them. The photons spin is an actual feature of the particle.
Observing a a point on the photons surface is observing the
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light defining the photona subset of the photon. Whether

incorporated into a photon or not, the spin of light is a
potential. Incorporating into the photon converts the light into
an observational mode, a super-view if you will. From the
higher order of observation, the spin feature emerges. With
this emergence, the light becomes changeable, gaining
relativistic qualities.
Superficial
Superficial spacetime features are always emergent
functions of the whole. These consist of shaped tensor spaces
called manifolds. These manifolds can be layered and/or
parallel with each other, so you cannot just take a length and
declare a measurement for a tensor. You have to look at the
vectors qualities affecting that space.
Vectors occur in a specific sequence called a hierarchy.
Neighboring vectors like heat and gravity are always at right
angles to each other. The gravity vector comes first in the
sequence. At some point within that vector space, a thermal
vector affecting a perpendicular space begins. In the absence
of an i-entropy to give that vector direction, the third vector
(centrifugal) begins instead.
Vectors always act within an intrinsic manifold. Each vector
has three values: its actual or functional value, its potential
value, and its minimum value. The potential of a primary
vector (gravity, thermal, electromagnetic) is the square of the
material value defining the vector. The minimum value is set
by the minimum tensor space requirements. Violating the
minimum violates the identity of the whole.
Every vector consists of a magnitude (force) and direction
(entropy). As you add or remove force to/from a vector, the
spacetime of the tensor manifold responds as does the mass
of the whole. The parts defining the initial mass conditions do
not change because they are defined differently. The
boundaries therefore dont change and resist these changes.
Given opportunity, excess force evaporates away as
permeation at a rate proportional to the tensor surface area.
This last feature is incredibly important. Hot things get cold
quickly and cold things get hot quickly. Cold things get hot
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because the potential attracts that force energy. Hot things get
cold quickly because the surface available to emit the excess
is so large. And this isnt considering highly complex matter
like planets, where the field conditions are complicated by
loose matter moving around and trying to equalize the energy
(second law of thermodynamics).
Active and Inactive
The active and inactive parts of matter work together to
complement each other. At a minimum, the active parts
consist of force confined in an entropy condition that excludes
them from doing work other than defining the material identity.
This is consistent with the thermodynamic concept of entropy
(S=k ln ). This space is at least partly occupied, requiring
other forces to either pass through as quantum variables, or
around (diffracting).
Passing through is a bit tricky because primordial particles
are always in a relationship of some sort. A grey
entanglement, like that of a photon, is a function of its
superficial features and has no sense of direction. Force
permeations simply go through. Colored bands, as with
gluons, are both inactive (null) and functional. They
complement void conditions of the particle and will accumulate
force.
Accumulation
Traditionally we focus on the superficial accumulation and
discharge of energy. We can certainly see in the quantum
conditions of vectors and manifolds how these occur. What is
harder to see is quantum-level accumulation internally.
Internal accumulation occurs within bands. Linear forces
accumulate in i and j entropies, angular forces in h entropies,
and spin forces enable force conversion into these categories.
Any linear or angular force doing something also has a
spin value. If the force is permeating, the spin is a simple unit
value. Forces accumulating in bands are not doing anything.
The band is a null entropy condition causing an extra-temporal
spacetime condition we call a quantum spacetime. It takes up
a definite are between the entangled parts, and as force
accumulates that area superficially increases. From the
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perspective of the forces, however, the area has remained

constant.
These quantum spacetimes are vulnerable to interactions
that will make them relativistic. The moment a relativistic
spacetime occurs, all the force accumulated is released and
permeates away as light. Assuming that does not happen, the
band has one of two scale parameters. These parameters
define the space the force accumulates in like a cup
accumulating water. In this case, as we add water to the cup,
the rim of the cup expands to form a better funnel to attract
more and faster. Once that space is filled, new material
identities are created (see Mitosis and Meiosis chapter).

Chromo-Association
Linear and angular forces describe expanding or
contracting spaces. A linear space that contracts is always
coupled with an expanding angular space (or vice-versa) by
means of a hypercomplex spin. As hypercomplex, the spin
does both simultaneously.
From our perspective, a contracting linear space is always
associated with a gravitational vector. It doesnt, matter what
entropy is defining the force or the vector. We label one vector
g for the simple reason that gravity is the presumptive
identity of that vector. At the most primordial level, nothing is
behaving the way we expect anyway.
Each material identity exhibits all three classes of force,
but in its creation only accumulates one class of force (linear
or angular) consistent with its primary field (P in diagram)

The accumulation thus will include both transitive (T) and non-

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transitive (P) forces. Non-transitive forces dim or neutralize

the transitive forces, together simply layer as they accumulate.
A spin cycle will consist of all layers of combined force
values (transitive and non-transitive) until the transitive force
accumulation achieves permittivity. Permittivity (see pg. 71) is
a spacetime constant defining how much force can occupy a
space. When this number is achieved, a spacetime identity is
formed.
The force interaction leading to permittivity is measured in
units of permeability. Permeability (see pg. 70) is the rate force
can or does influence the space around it. It is essentially the
way void responds to a particular class of force. The product
of permeability and permittivity is a spacetime proportion
making a material identity or creating a spacetime interaction
(QVI) upon which a greater material identity emerges.
The space available to be filled comes in two different
sizes. The end product is always a pair, so the force gets
divided equally between the two parts. The end product also
comes out the same size in spatial terms. The larger size in
formation simply comes out twice as dense as the smaller
size. The reason they both come out the same spatial size is
the entropy container. Quantum entropy containers all define
the same amount of space.

Behaviors
The easiest way to understand the forces is by their
association with conventional behaviors. Of course these
conventions are relativistic, so they are different under unique
quantum entropy conditions. Putting aside quantum
inconveniences, the conventional behaviors are actually very
simple. Recall the image attached to the Matrix on page 18.

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Electrical current (r) is the intrinsic quality of an electron

attempting to bounce back into its rightful orbital position. The
electrons are not lost or trade places in this process. They are
simply wound up like a rubber band on a slingshot, and then
released to transfer force (r). All a right-handed generator is
doing is converting angular to linear force via spin. This is
essentially the winding action.
If the force has somewhere to go, it is transferred in that
direction. The electron then bounces back as current to repeat
the process. As the current and force flow in opposite
directions, they twist around each other in a common state of
spin defined by =s+s. This common spin converts the
generator input into useable engine output.
The common spin also induces a complex electromagnetic
field consisting of both x and y forces. Assuming y is not
tapped or provided opportunity to escape, the field has no
impact on the current or force. If y is tapped, then energy is
lost in the middle. The easiest way to extract y is by spinning it
out of r (x is spun into r).
Of course we can reverse the engine and generator roles
by doing one simple thing: changing the spin directions. It
does not change the variables or their qualities. It simply
swaps them. We must also recognize that there are slightly
more variables in play because we are using a particle
intermediary, but that is a completely different subject from this
book.
Behaviorally, we see r (current) is pulling, just as a
contracting space pulls. Associated directly with it is a
pushing angular force (x). On the generator side, is a
transferable x-force value. We can resist the current by
offering a means of escape for the x-force. When we have a
means for r-force to escape, we create the intermediary space
where x ceases to be transferable and y becomes
transferable. At this point, energy escapes the system either
through r or y, whichever direction offers the least resistance.
One way to assure the output is by coiling the medium
occupied by the electrons. Only the electrons on the surface
are active, and coiling creates an immobile form of spin. From

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a quantum perspective the spin doesnt have to be moving in

time. In fact, it isnt moving in time. As such, the coil tricks
the forces regarding direction and causes heat to be
discharged in its most natural direction: at a right angle to the
current (perpendicular).
This trick seems rather counter-intuitive, until you realize
it really isnt the trick. The real trick was getting r and r to flow
in opposite directions. Even when a wire isnt twisted, the
current and force will twist around it. The coils on a stove are
not twisted, so the bend in the coil becomes the arc
alternative. Not only is the heat escaping at a right angle to the
current, it is escaping at a right angle to the arc in the coil. This
makes coil designs for directional heaters, stoves, and ovens
fairly easy to design.
Lightning takes a slightly different approach. Unlike the
coils or generator-engine, the energy is being transferred in
arcs of transferable x-force between loose particles. It isnt
until it comes into contact with something that can convert and
use the energy that it converts to transferrable y or r. Just like
our right-left model, the target of lightning is activated by the
current in advance of the transferrable force arriving.

Inconveniences
Light permeations consist of either transferable or nontransferrable forces. Spin forces are always emergent features
resulting in quantum or relativistic spacetimes. They do not
transfer. They provide a means for transformation linking the
forces to change operatorsentropies. As such, even though
we attribute them as potentials to light, they are not true
elements of light. The only true elements of light are the linear
(r and r) and angular (x and y) forces.
This leaves the question: Which are transferrable and
which are not? In our convenient relativistic universe we would
expect the force of gravity (r) to be non-transferable, the force
of heat (r) to be transferable. By extension, x transfers but y
does not. This suggests expanding spaces always transfer,
but contracting spaces do not. Under different entropy
conditions at the source of the permeation, the roles reverse
and axes rotate.
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Because the axes rotate, an expanding r does not equate

to anti-gravity. It is at the wrong angle for gravity and right
angle for heat. There are some major significant differences.
The presumptive force of heat (r) is bi-directional and its axis
directly intersects the contracting centripetal axis. Conversely,
r is uni-directional and its axis is sequential to the centrifugal
axis. That is unless you are in a phase entropy (h) mode
where both directions are simultaneously entertained.
Where a quantized vector interaction occurs, such as loop
quantum gravity, there is a regular exchange of transferable
forces and sharing of non-transferable forces. The nontransferrable forces provide a fixed relationship between the
two bodies, which would be seen as a circular orbital pattern.
That pattern gets distorted by the transferable forces and
the momentum of the two bodies relative to each other. The
transferable forces give the circular orbit a degree of flexibility
and cause one or both bodies to oscillate relative to the orbital
relationship.
In sharing a non-transferable force has influence but does
not potentially change the intrinsic force values of either body.
It can change the density of force values by changing the
relative momentum, which does have effect on the massbut
the amount of force comprising that mass has not changed.
We can arbitrarily classify the non-transferrable
permeations as gravitational waves because from our
perspective gravity does not exchange. It shares. These
waves are far more than just gravity. They are no less complex
than ordinary light. We just cant store them and use them to
create new matter, making them hard to directly observe.

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Photooscopy 89
Photonics is the science and technology of light. We would
use this word here except that it implies the photon, which has
a material definition. Photo (without the ~on suffix) is a prefix
meaning light, and ~oscopy is a suffix meaning to examine or
dissect. Photo~oscopy includes photonicsthe quibble is
merely an argument of the necessity of particle mediation. In
QR, photons are wavicles (particles with light wave qualities
and intrinsic spaces), whereas light is the wave without
particle attributes like intrinsic spaces.
Quantum forces are scalars either directly providing values
or a basis from which values emerge. Quantum forces are
pervasive throughout the universe. They enter the universe as
a light super variable known as cosmic background radiation
(CMBR). Annihilation and other material light emissions are
fundamental. Between these extremes, the quantum forces
provide values to specific manifold spaces and ultimately
emerge as the mechanical and mediated forces of traditional
physics.
Everything we do in QR can be reduced into quantum
force and entropy definitions. If we work from such a distilled
position, we will make an inordinate number of mistakes by
failing to see exactly what the definitions are doing. Despite
the temptations, we cannot reduce the number of dimensions
without losing vital irreducible information. In this chapter we
will define the specific forces and explore the most vital and
occasionally mind-boggling things they do.
Light is one of the most mind-boggling of all quantum
phenomena. Light is the peculiar case of quantum forces
propagating without spaces of their own. It is a unique contrast
with matter, yet so similar to photons that our best and
brightest easily confuse the two. In our dissection of light
(photooscopy) we discover how void, time, and the universe
work. In the first instant of the universe of one, light parted one
into two, then two into three, and three into the many things.

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CMBR
In Phase Theory Cosmology we described the universe as
the interior of an evolving black hole. A black hole forms inside
a celestial object smaller than the solar system but with a
mass greater than a galaxy. It becomes a true black hole
when the radial values of the surface and volume achieve the
boundary condition c/Gat about 50k solar masses.
Achieving this limit triggers a phenomena called a quasar.
Much of the mass responsible for creating the black hole
settles and annihilates on the surface. When matter
annihilates, it loses the change function giving it an identity,
but the quantum forces giving it magnitude remain. Part of
these forces gets added to the surface, which must maintain
the c/G boundary condition. This separates the surface from
the mass volume.
The difference between the mass volume and surface
volume is the void space super variable. The force not
increasing the surface gets pulled into the universe as
CMBR. Of course matter doesnt settle evenly on the surface
of the universe, so when we observe the details of CMBR, we
see a pattern (see image below).
This pattern is fairly typical of large body energy emissions
and patterns called anomalies. An anomaly is a difference
between the observed magnitude at points on a surface and
the generalized or smoothed magnitude of the whole.
Anomalies show us that even though we look on a surface as
generally smooth, in fact it is rough and inconsistent due to
localized variables.
For the universe this means that the surface changed
irregularly, resulting in negative pressure conditions applied to
the mass volume. That negative pressure can be measured by
CMBR. Of course in the early universe, CMBR was up close
and personal, so the beginning of the universe was bright from
the outside in and dimmed to the visible black we see today.
The mass volume then reacts to that change, beginning to
break down and emit light that will never reach the inner
surface of the universe.

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Time, void, and light are adimensional super variables. The

ratio of void as a linear value to time is the speed of light. For
quantum forces to propagate as light, they must be conveyed
by a circular wave function. This function has no direction or
space of its own, nor does it have the capacity to change over
time or within a point of time.
Circular wave functions of matter are described in the spin
terms of chirality (imperfect mirroring) and helicity
(handedness). There are three different spin patterns
(chiralities) in two possible phase states (=left handed,
+=right handed). These values are intrinsic qualities of matter
linking the entropy change functions and their states to spin
forces. Spin forces are both emergent as an adimension and
fundamental as intrinsic to matter.

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To qualify as an adimension, the value must be attributed.

Light always has a unit spin value, but the spin value is
attributed because light does not have a change function. If
we dissect light, we learn that this unit of spin is hiding
intimate chiral helicity details. Each quantum force has an
entropy predisposition consistent with chiral helicityonly as
an adimension.
The predisposition shapes the wave function and gives it
potential to interact with that same entropy condition. The
shaping of the wave function gives an attributed unit spin
value, but the shape is virtual because light does not have a
space of its own. Light depends on void spaces and time
both imposed via irreducible proportions.
This unit packaging easily confuses light with photons.
Photons are ideal mediators of light because the information
of the light is packaged in a focused material identity. That
material identity is a quantum particle consisting of an
entangled identical pair of primordial particles. Light is
imperfect because it spreads out and dissipates in value as it
propagates. To observe light, we capture it over time on a
wide surface and measure it as virtual photons.

Waves
The working energy of a material identity is subject to one
or more active change entropy functions. Energy and change
entropy not working are functions of S-entropy. Adimensional
change entropies are attributed and can be used to establish
long range relationships. In those long range relationships,
non-working energy is exchanged between distinct material
identities.
This actually defines two spaces, one of which is a function
of the non-working energy being exchanged as light, and the
other is a potential for capturing light. Captured light can be
discharged and will show a pattern of absences in its spectral
analysis consistent with the light that could not be discharged
without compromising the material identity. Such particles are
called wavicles because of the wave feature of their surface.
Propagating light is always a function of an absent entropy
condition. That absence provides a shaped pseudo-space for
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the conveyance of light. It is a pseudo-space or adimensional

manifold because it lacks the requisite entropy to make it a
material space. The absence and pseudo-space combination
makes for some very strange phenomena.
Superposition means all points in a wave simultaneously
have the entire definition of that wave and its antithesis. For a
wavicle the antithesis is the material identities of the parts. For
light it is the absence of such identities and their spaces,
which is void. This adds a unique set of qualities to light as a
field function.
Light in every capacity has a shaped source, so the
pseudo-space of that light always has a curved surface. Each
point in the light will exhibit a range of frequencies consistent
with that curve. The difference between the low and high
frequencies defines bandwidthhow that curve is treated
relative to a flat surface. Since all points in the field of light
have a superposition quality, bandwidth can go around a small
obstruction or through a surface whose holes are bigger than
the bandwidth.
Thanks to Einstein and observational methods, we tend to
think of light and photons as the same thing. When we
observe light, we accumulate it over a surface and duration of
time assigning it an equivalent photon value. That is a virtual
photon, not a real photon. A real photon is an entangled pair of
identical primordial particles. A photon has both focus and
superposition like any other wavicle. It will only pass through
two slits simultaneously, whereas light will pass through as
many slits as are in its path AND potentially interact with the
surfaces between those slits.
When we observe a photon, generally it annihilates and
loses its material identity, making it easy to confuse with light
for many reasons. We are not concerned with photons in this
chapter, but the differences between these phenomena are
important to understanding quantum force behaviors. One
reason the photon annihilates so easily and is confused with
light is its wave function.
Because the photon has intrinsic void spaces defined by
an adimensional entropy, it can accumulate and lose energy
without losing its identity. This means the photon can have its
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trajectory slowed by adding force that causes it to become

more relativistice.g. giving it mass and slowing it down
beneath the speed of light. There is also the potential that
under the right conditions, the force accumulation can trigger
the creation of gluons.
The photons trajectory is a direct consequence of it
redefining its intrinsic spaces. It does this at a rate that causes
a change in position consistent with the speed of light. As a
quantum particle, and assuming other conditions are not
imposed, it lacks relativistic qualities that would prohibit it from
achieving that speed.
Conversely, light has no space of its own, so it is entirely
dependent on the local super variable ratio of void to time.
Light never slows down, but we can create an illusion of that
by passing it through a different spacetime density than that of
the observer. Photons and light both share one vital quality we
need to devote significant space to: spin.
Chirality (imperfect mirroring) provides three qualitatively
different spins. Each spin provides a different way to distribute
force equally along one, two, or three axes. To relate them to
each other we evaluate each as a surface. A single axis
distribution is consistent with j-entropy. Its integral provides
two sides of a triangle we can then use to compute an area.
As a mechanical wave, j-entropy longitudinal, displacing
matter in parallel with the direction of energy (with or against
the flow of energy). This is consistent with gravity, sound, and
roughly with electrical current.

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A transverse wave is made by i-entropy. It already

describes two sides of a triangle, making the area easy to
compute. As a mechanical wave, matter is displaced at a right
angle to the direction of energy. The thermal vector is at a right
angle to the vector of gravity. A large burst of thermal energy
will show the energy following the surface of the Earth while
matter is displaced at right angles. This makes rocket
launches possible, and shows why the energy goes parallel to
the surface of the ocean while the water is displace resulting
in a wavy surface.
We can combine i and j-entropies to create circular surface
waves, like large ocean waves. In these waves, the combined
energies cause the energy to be trapped in the material
displacement. Surface waves are hypercomplex functions.
Even though we can attribute a specific chirality to a material
identity, that material identity remains subject to super
variables. The super variable imposition adds adimensional
chirality, the combination of which is seen as a generalized
circular motion (spin) keeping the energy and identity together.
Because light does not have its own space or change
function, light of opposite chirality does not directly interact.
Two light sources cannot, by themselves, form a common
circular wave function. Instead, they each have that value
attributed as an adimension. That adimensional value is not
just a single number. It is a combination of all the values within
the Matrix constituting information. Even as an adimensional
absence, the surface wave is hypercomplex.

Wave Functions
Wave functions can be divided into generalized mechanical
and light. Polarization here includes both electromagnetic
polarization and mechanical. While distinct, they are closely
related. All waves are defined by entropy functions in one of
two phases. These phases determine polarization whether
that is mechanical or EM.
For a mechanical wave, polarization describes the
direction of material displacement relative to the direction of
force transfer. Gravity acts mechanically, its field expanding
away from the source while matter moves toward the source.
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It is a positively polarized j-entropy wave. Unlike other forms,

this wave has a flat surface, so it will not break down into a
spectrum.

Wavelength () describes the arc length in one cycle, and a

cycle is the unitless value applied to an entropy unit. The
amount of time required for the wave to go from low
wavelength to low wavelength defines the frequency (). The
product =c defines the constant rate (speed) of light
propagation. Mechanical waves are subject to other factors
that dramatically slow this rate.
Only light waves with transverse qualities can be polarized.
All light is a function of electromagnetism, such that light is
regulated by phase. To be regulated by phase, it must either
be phase (cyclic waves) or induced by the opposite entropy
condition to make it phase compatible.
The AND element of i induces j so angular B and linear P
waves occur together at right angles to each other as a
pseudo-transverse wave. If we attempt to polarize them, they
cancel each other out. We cannot distinguish B and P axes in
light, but we can with electrical currentthe mechanical
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version of i-induced j. The positive always goes with the

direction of matter toward the source, where the negative is
the current of energy opposite to conductive material direction.
The OR element of j induces i so the linear and angular
occur together but at alternating right angles. When
polarization is applied, the alternating sequence becomes
continuous along one axis. While imposed by matter (quasimechanical), it does not work as a mechanical wave because
the simultaneous opposing values cancel. Which brings us to
the cyclic waves that can be either mechanical or EM.
Cyclic waves have both longitudinal and transverse
features (i and j values) simultaneously. Because this
relationship is defined by 2h=i+j, it is the ideal wave function
for extremely high frequencies/short wavelengths like x-rays
(right handed) and gamma rays (left handed). Cyclic waves in
mechanical applications do not displace matter. The energy
and matter flow together.
The only difference polarization has on mechanical cycles
is direction relative to direction of conveyance. A right-handed
clockwise rotation rolls in the direction of the trajectory (e.g. a
fastball, most planets). A left-handed counter-clockwise
rotation rolls in the opposite direction of the trajectory (e.g. a
curveball, Venus).

The solar systems orbit around the galaxy is a quasi-left

handed cyclic wave. It resembles a Ferris wheel. From the
perspective of the black hole (the hub of the orbit) and within
the solar system, the solar system is rotating counter to its

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orbital trajectory. From an external perspective, like Draco, the

face-on (polar marked by x, plane of planetary orbits by a
straight line) side always has the same direction. We can see
the effects of this looking at the curveball-like patterns in other
spiral galaxies.
A conversation with a NASA scientist on this phenomenon
provided an interesting side-note. The NASA scientist argued
a case against rotation. Such a case would be equivalent to a
knuckleball with an unpredictable trajectory. On a ferris
wheel this would be potentially tragic, as a cab at the top of
the ferris wheel would be upside-down.
To retain the constant observational aspect to an outside
observer, a rotating axis has to be included. Even though
NASA is saying the solar system is not rotating because they
are always looking the same direction at the rest of the
universe, it actually is relative to its trajectory inside the galaxy.
Each hemisphere will always see outside the galaxy in exactly
the same direction, but the galactic center comes in and out of
view with each revolution.

Hot and Cold Light

Heat is variously described as particle excitement linked to
thermal expansion OR transfer of energy without work or
transfer of matter. Light can be cold (e.g. a function of
chemical energy potential to interact) or hot. Cold light
affects the momentum of matter but does not transfer value
without conveying matter also. Hot light conveys energy from
one material identity to other material identities at a distance.
The difference is essentially intrinsic forces versus extrinsic
forces.
Thanks to quantum inconvenience, the transferability of
specific forces depends on their role in the change conditions
of the material source. This means the r force in gravity can
be switched to a heat role under the right conditions, and
conversely r as thermal magnitude can be made intrinsic.
When r is extrinsic, it is received as r. When r is intrinsic (hot),
it is received as r (cold).
Light is a super variable, which means it primarily functions
from a higher generation to any available lower generation of
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matter. It can also form quantized vector interactions among

separate identities, resulting in complex composites defining
even greater wholes than the parts separately. Our concern at
the moment is the relationship from higher to lower. The
energy is emitted or shared (intrinsic/cold) at the level it was
created, but dissipates to a lesser density level.
We see this dissipation as a function of brightness or the
related concept of luminescence. Because the energy is being
stepped down, it is also more generalized. This confines
(hides) the original force nature (e.g. angular or linear) in a
more generalized form. There are ways to distinguish, as
specific band spaces will only respond to one or the other.
There are two relevant concepts that affect the ability and
magnitude of light to interact: optical band width and flux
density.

The surface of light is a field with super-positional qualities.

Light has no spaces of its own. The wave function of light acts
as the functional space. This pseudo-space is curved. To
observe light you need a real surface space as a void function,
which makes that space flat. The width of that space must be
less than or equal to the optical bandwidth, otherwise the
wave exercises its super-positional quality and passes through
the medium of potential observation like it wasnt there.
When we observe light within this optical bandwidth range,
we observe the entirety of the range all at once. This is yet
another mind-bending quality of superpositionyou get it all
or nothing. Getting it all is relative. The all you get is the total
function, but you only get the amount of quantum force
interaction consistent with the observational surface size as a
function of flux density. Once we have ascertained that an
interaction can occur, we can now measure the magnitude of
potential interaction or transfer.
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Flux comes from the Latin fluxus meaning flow. This flow
needs not mean a transfer of quantum force energy, but rather
the capacity for that energy to influence and be observed. In
terms of visible light, flux can be described generally as
brightness (B), or more generally as intensity or luminosity
(L) as a function of distance from the source (D).

Flux density is the amount of force flowing" relative to a

surfacein other words the energy we can measure at that
surface area (A). This is often provided as F(D)=L/A, which
puts the luminosity in an area container and describes
instantaneous brightness (time is irrelevant). It does not say
how much force is acting or accumulating on that surface.
The amount of force acting on that surface is a function of
a generalized permeability constant ((V)) derived from a
function of specific permeabilities. While this energy affects
local conditions, it is not interactive. To apply the force we
must first make it unitless f(U)=2cf/h.
This can now act as a scalar multiplier for a specific
application. For S-entropy (S) heat (J=Joules) in a thermal
vector (K=Kelvin) we multiply by Boltzmanns constant (k):
S=J/K=kf(U). If we already have a specific temperature (T), we
can multiply that temperature across both sides to get TdS in
the first law of thermodynamics: dU=TdS PdV.
Pressure (P=(A) f(U) in kg/m s) is a function of angular
permeability. Volume (V) is more ambiguous. The general
force value (f kg m) in a linear permittivity container
((L)=c/G kg/m) defines a surface area (A=fG/c m). We
assume this is a spherical surface (A=4R) and integrate
relative to R:

A dR = 4R/3 where R=A/4

This ambiguity for us is a complication for physical reality
also. In a way we can look at the problem as we would in a
computer algorithm. For each algorithm we count the
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operations involved as processing cycles. Temperature reacts

to changes in the S-entropy conditions. For volume to change,
linear value must be applied to the already working identity, to
which S-entropy is also dependent. The ambiguity gets worse
from here.

p = AP = (A)f(U)fG/c =
[(A)=c/(A)] [f(U)=2cf/h] f G/c =
2c f G/h(A) = p
A material identity will endeavor to preserve itself. It is just
as averse to changing its intrinsic volume as we are. It will try
to short-circuit this process by converting the changes into
momentum (p above) instead of volume. To the physical
universe this is a single simple operation like our others. The
effect is shifts the application of energy from thermodynamics
to Relativity and classical motion (v=velocity):

Relativistic momentum
Velocity-momentum
Lorentz factor

E = (mc) + (pc)
v = p/mass
1/ = 1 v/c

This breakdown of applications using thermodynamics

(dU=TdS PdV) gives us insights into how hot and cold light
affect matter. TdS is most obviously hot light related, but
changes in S necessitate changes in V. Because S is an
intrinsic feature of the identity, it doesnt want to change. Just
like the volume, it commutes the energy to a function of
momentum that can be emitted. Cold light does not get
transferred, so it cannot be emitted.
Acceleration is resisted by mass, which increases as a
function of momentum. Loss of heat energy (e.g. photon or as
incandescent light), degrades momentum and points toward
the second law of thermodynamics (equilibrium) affecting
motion. Cold energy cannot escape. Its absence leaves only
other interactions as a means to decelerate. Newtons first law
of motion (an object at rest or in motion remains in that state
until acted upon by another force) best describes cold energy
interactions.

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