AP HUMAN STUDY GUIDE

CHAPTER 6: RELIGION
ETHNIC RELIGIONS
RUSSIA IS BIGGEST MULTIETHNIC STATE
Hindu:
- Largest ethnic religion
- 3rd largest religion
- very individualistic
- NOT HIERARCHICAL
- Polytheistic
- NOT CONGRESSION
- Believe in cremation and reincarnation
Gods= Vishnu and Siva
- 70% worship Vishnu
- 25% worship Siva
- 5% follow SHAKTISM (female versions of gods)
CONFUCIANISM & DAOISM:
- Hearth is China
- Confucius was a philosopher (yin & yang, elders-important, respect for
males_
- Confucianism diffused to Korea japan and southeastern Asia
- Daoism= look for the path
- Daoism- secret societies, magic, fung shui (balance and harmony)
SHINTOISM
- Hearth= japan
- Emperors and ancestors were divine
JUDAISM
- Oldest monotheistic religion (1st religion to be monotheistic)
- ABRIAHMIC
- Has a sacred text
- Has 3 main branches1) Orthodox
2) Reform
3) Conservative (biggest branch)
- Secular today (worldly)
- HAS congressional worship
- America has most Jews, then Israel, then Russia
ETHNIC AFRICAN RELIGIONS
- Animist
- N Africa is overwhelmingly Muslim
- Christianity is dominating in sub-Saharan Africa

UNIVERSALIZING RELIGIONS
-

Islam
Christianity
Buddhism
Baha
Sikhism

CHRISTIANIITY
- MOST WIDESPREAD DISTRIBUTION
- ABRIAMIC
- Russian orthodox is largest denomination
- Church of England (aka. angloken church) = tied to Episcopalian
- Calvinist are called Presbyterian
- Catholic is most dominant religion in Europe
- Mormon and scientology are sects of Christianity so is Maronites
- 3 major branches:
1) roman catholic (Headed by the pope)
2) protestant
3) eastern orthodox
- most western world is Christian
3 largest protestant denominations:
1) Baptist (NOT HIERARCHICAL)
2) Methodist (HIERARCHICAL)
3) Lutheran (HIERARCHICAL)
- Maronite Christians clustered in Lebanon
- Bury their dead
- 4 gospels: Matthew mark Luke and john
- 7 sacraments
ISLAM
- ABRIAMIC
- Druze is sect of Islam
- Dominate in SW Asia
- Sunni & Shiite Muslims
Sunni is larger
Holy city for Muslims is MEKKAH
- Trace story through Hagar and Ishmael
- Lunar calendar
- Bury dead in cemeteries
- 5 pillar of faith
- NOT HIERARCHICAL
BUDDHISM
- 3rd most universalizing religion
- Hard to get perfect population count
- 4 noble truths

Hierarchical diffusion, relocations diffusion, and some contagious

diffusion
- Now heavily concentrated in southeast and east Asia
- 8 holy places (locations of important events of Buddha
- pagoda is NOT designed for congregational worship
- Siddhartha Gautama- saw lifes hardships and became enlightenedwent on 4 trips
3 main branches
1) Mahayana (largest branch)- big wheel
2) Theravada (oldest branch)
3) Tatyana
- Zen exist in Japan
SIKHISM
- CONGREGATIONAL
- Largest concentration in Punjab region of India
- 9th largest religion
- founder= guru nanak
BAHA
- hearth is present day Iran
- believe in an after life
- strive for unity and equality
- were persecuted
- HIERARCHICAL
- MONOTHEISTIC

PILGRIMAGES
Hindu- the tirtha (bathe in holy rivers- Ganges river)
Judaism- western wall in Jerusalem
Islam: Muslims take hajj to Mecca
Shintoism: encouraged to go to Japan

HOLY BOOKS
-

Hindu: Vedas (spiritual readings)

Islam: Koran
Christianity: bible
Judaism: torah and Talmud

HOLY PLACES
-

Buddhism: pagodas & shrines

Shintoism: pagodas
Judaism: synagogue
Islam: mosque (not viewed as sanctified)
Sikhism: darbar sahib (golden temple)

*** ALL ETHNIC RELIGIONS ARE FOLK

- Utopian settlement in US was Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
- Roman catholic hierarchy:
1) Pope
2) Arch bishops
3) Bishop
4) Diocese
- Untouchables were lowest in caste system
- Islam is the most widely practices and 3rd holiest city

KAABA: black box that is sacred