SOLAR TRAFFIC LIGHT

SYSTEM
Solar Wireless Traffic Light Control System
Wireless Traffic Light Control System is built with latest technologies to eliminate
difficulties faced in existing conventional traffic light control systems. This type of traffic
light control system is completely wireless, solar-powered and eco-friendly.

We are transforming conventional traffic signal

Poles
We bring in poles with . . .

Intelligence to control lamps and count down

Self-powered using solar panels with battery backup
Wireless
Use of three lamps in one lamp

Poles are connected to master controller to bring in

following advantages:
1. Eliminates road trenching & cabling

Uses 2.4GHz Zig bee wireless communication to control lamps.

Solar power supply at each pole eliminates power supply wiring from one source.

2. Power backup: works during power outages

Provides backup up to three continuous cloudy days.

3. No Electricity bills
4. Reduced Power Consumption

Uses efficient, high bright, focused and low power consumption LED's in a lamp
and count down timer for more reliability, longer view and longer life.

5. Central monitoring and controlling (optional)

Uses GPRS / GSM connectivity to upload the signal status ONLINE to the central
place.

Each junction reports all the failures to the central place. i.e.
Any lamp permanent on/off.

Power supply failures

Communication failures etc
Mimic showing the functioning of junctions OFFLINE to understand the synchroniza
tion

and sequence operations.

Control of lamps, updation of the junction configuration from central control room.

6. Three in one lamp

RED, YELLOW & GREEN arranged in one retrofit.

Cost effective.
Saves space

7. Eco-friendly
8. Easy installation
9. Adhoc & temporary installation can be easily made for special events
10. Synchronization between the junctions.

Possibility to maintain the synchronized sequences in a series of junctions for a

given speed between the junctions.

11. Hour wise and day wise sequences in a week.

Provision to program hour wise in a day and day wise in a week sequences to
suit the traffic variations in a junction.

Provision to program 20 holiday sequences.

12. Maintains standard time and duration in a sequence.

Time synchronization with GPS clock to maintain international standard time &
time duration in a sequence.

Solar Power Advantages and

Disadvantages

Advantages:
1.

Solar power is pollution free and causes no greenhouse gases to be emitted after
installation

2.

Reduced dependence on foreign oil and fossil fuels

3.

Renewable clean power that is available every day of the year, even cloudy days
produce some power

4.

Return on investment unlike paying for utility bills

5.

Virtually no maintenance as solar panels last over 30 years

6.

Creates jobs by employing solar panel manufacturers, solar installers, etc. and in
turn helps the economy

7.

Excess power can be sold back to the power company if grid intertied

8.

Ability to live grid free if all power generated provides enough for the home / building

9.

Can be installed virtually anywhere; in a field to on a building

10.

Use batteries to store extra power for use at night

11.

Solar can be used to heat water, power homes and building, even power cars

12.

Safer than traditional electric current

13.

Efficiency is always improving so the same size solar that is available today will
become more efficient tomorrow

14.

Aesthetics are improving making the solar more versatile compared to older
models; i.e. printing, flexible, solar shingles, etc.

Disadvantages
1.

High initial costs for material and installation and long ROI

2.

Needs lots of space as efficiency is not 100% yet

3.

No solar power at night so there is a need for a large battery bank

4.

Some people think they are ugly (I am definitely not one of those!)

5.

Devices that run on DC power directly are more expensive

6.

Depending on geographical location the size of the solar panels vary for the same
power generation

7.

Cloudy days do not produce much energy

8.

Solar panels are not being massed produced due to lack of material and technology
to lower the cost enough to be more affordable

9.

Solar powered cars do not have the same speeds and power as typical gas
powered cars

10.

Lower production in the winter months

SOLAR WATER PUMP

INTRODUCTION
A solar water pump has a mini power house at its heart and consists of a
calibrated and matching solar array of modules tuned with the equivalent power of
pump for that particular application. The solar water pumping system is capable of
running all types of electrical water pumps with applications varying from irrigation to
household demands. Irrigation pumps such as submersible, surface or deep well can
also be coupled with drip irrigation systems to enhance the returns from this
configuration.
Mostly solar water pumps are used in irrigation system .Voltage of the solar
pump motors can be AC or DC .Direct current motors are used for small to medium
applications up to about 3 kW rating, and are suitable for applications such as garden
fountains, landscaping, drinking water for livestock, or small irrigation projects. Alternate

current motors from 0.15 to 55 kW and can be used for larger irrigation systems.
A typical solar water pumping system is known by the sum total of solar array
size that is required to run the attached pump. A 1000 Watts power solar water pump is
capable of drawing and pumping approximately 40,000 litres of water per day from a
source that is up to 10 meters deep. This is sufficient to irrigate about 2 acres of land
with regular crops. A 1000 Watts power solar water pump helps save up to Rs 45,000
when compared to equivalent use of a diesel-operated pump over a year.

SOLAR PUMPING SYSTEM

This includes the following major works or components:

Site Survey

Pump and Motor set

Solar Power conditioning unit

Solar PV modules

Solar panel (for fixing solar modules)

Pipes and cables

Foundation set (consisting of foundation bolts, structure and civil construction

materials,
ie, cement, sand, stones etc.)

Earthing kit

Installation and commissioning

WORKING OF SOLAR PUMP:

1) Each solar array has a number of solar modules connected in parallel or series. Every
solar PV panel generates current by converting solar radiation to electrical energy.
2)The electrical energy from the entire array is controlled, tuned and directed by the inbuilt
controller in DC pumps or through the Variable Frequency Driver (VFD) and enables the
connected pump (may be submersible or surface) to draw water and feed the delivery
pipelines.
3) The water thus drawn from ponds, rivers, bore wells or other sources by a solar water
pump is pumped to supply water as required. It can be stored in tanks from where it is
later channelled to fields or the supply from the pump may be coupled with drip irrigation
systems to provide optimised water to fields directly.

SELECTION OF SOLAR PUMP:

The selection/Cost of a solar Pump depends on the following:

The depth of the water (Called Head) and the discharge of water desired per day.
These two factors will determine the No of HPs of the Pump required, to fulfil the
aspirations of the farmer.
Thereafter will be the Type of pump required (Submersible / Surface) and the KW
power of solar panels required to give the desired energy to the pump. It is widely
recommended for irrigation, the AC Pumps be used, since it is nearly impossible to
maintain and repair a DC pump in the field.

1) Selection based on the Depth of the water

Submersible Solar Pumps can lift up to 650 feet and fit in a 4" or larger well casing and
are used when the water supply is more than 20 feet from the surface. Submersible solar
pumps can operate directly off solar panels, batteries, or in some cases, an AC power
source.
Surface Solar Pumps are good for applications with shallow wells, ponds, streams or
storage tanks. They are best if the water supply is 20 feet or less from the surface.
However, once they have lifted that relatively small amount, surface solar pumps can then
push water great distances, 200 feet or more!
Linear Current Boosters for Solar Pumps (LCBs) allow the pump motor to run longer
during the day by translating additional voltage to necessary current during periods of low
sun.

2) Selection based on the Discharge of the pump:

Discharge rates according to the size of pump sets:
1 HP : 2000 - 3000 gallons per hour
1. 1.5 HP : 3000 - 4000 gallons per hour
2. 2 HP : 5000 - 6000 gallons per hour
3. 3 HP : 6000 - 7000 gallons per hour
4. 5 HP: 1000 - 12000 gallons per hour

3) Selection of the Solar Panels

1) The solar panels powering the solar water pump are sold separately. Each
manufacturer provides a graph or table showing how many watts of solar panels are

needed to produce the desired water flow. After selected the appropriate type and size
of solar pump, the graph will be used to calculate the correct watts of solar panels.
2) The solar pump and the power of solar panels needed both depend on how many
gallons per day (GPD) or gallons per minute (GPM) the water is require to pump and
the vertical head the pump needs to overcome.

IMPORTANCE OF SOLAR PUMP IN INDIA:

Solar water pumping programme was launched in 2014 in India for drinking water
and irrigation purposes. Maximum no. of solar pumps reside in Rajasthan. They are
multiple reasons for solar water pumps for not being a huge hit in India. Those reasons are
discussed

below:

1. The cost of water pumps being linked to subsidy:

The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) offers a 30% subsidy for solar
water pumps, but unfortunately in most of the cases the subsidy not reaches the farmers
on time. This deters both the companies and farmers from adopting solar water pumps.
2. Size of agricultural land holdings:
In India majority of the farmers hold agricultural land of less than 5 acres. Their average
annual income is less than 2-3 lakhs INR an year. Considering a solar water pump for a
5HP motor costs around Rs.5 lakhs INR, solar water pump is doesn't prove to be
economical.
3. Low initial investment on a diesel generator:
The costs incurred on a diesel generator are generally recurring with low initial capital
expenditure, whereas solar water pumps have a high initial investment and negligible

operational costs. The high initial cost makes solar water pumps unaffordable to most of
the farmers, given bank loans for solar water pumps are not so easy available.
4. Lack of service canters:
Most of the Indian solar companies are new and have come up post 2010 solar boom.
They are yet to expand nationally and provide a good after sales service. Currently after
sales service for most of these companies is a challenge and is proving to be costly.

SOLAR ENERGY:
Solar energy:
India is endowed with vast solar energy potential. About 5,000 trillion kWh per
year energy is incident over Indias land area with most parts receiving 4-7 kWh per sq.
m per day. Hence both technology routes for conversion of solar radiation into heat and
electricity, namely, solar thermal and solar photovoltaics, can effectively be harnessed
providing huge scalability for solar in India. Solar also provides the ability to generate
power on a distributed basis and enables rapid capacity addition with short lead times.
Off-grid decentralized and low-temperature applications will be advantageous from a
rural electrification perspective and meeting other energy needs for power and heating
and cooling in both rural and urban areas. From an energy security perspective, solar is
the most secure of all sources, since it is abundantly available. Theoretically, a small
fraction of the total incident solar energy (if captured effectively) can meet the entire
countrys power requirements. It is also clear that given the large proportion of poor
and energy un-served population in the country, every effort needs to be made to
exploit the relatively abundant sources of energy available to the country. While, today,
domestic coal based power generation is the cheapest electricity source, future
scenarios suggest that this could well change.

It is the most readily available source of energy. It does not belong to anybody and is,
therefore, free. It is also the most important of
the non-conventional sources of energy because it
is non-polluting and, therefore, helps in lessening
the greenhouse effect.
Solar Power generation in grid interactive
mode is also encouraged by TNEB based on the
policy

initiative

taken

by

the

government

of India.
Power

generation

using

SPV

has

not

gathered momentum due to the fact that the capital

cost is very high even after the subsidy component
provided

by the Ministry of

New and Renewable

Energy(MNRE).
However small sized stand-alone systems
and roof top systems are being operated in various locations. At present Solar Energy is being
harnessed for thermal /heat source required alone which is some what commercially viable.
Establishment of Solar Power Plants by Generation based Incentive (GBI) scheme :

Generation Based Incentive scheme (GBI) was announced by MNRE for Grid Interactive
Solar power generation projects during the year 2009.

The power purchase price fixed under the above scheme is Rs.15 per unit.
Generation based Incentive (GBI) will be payable to the Utility for the power purchased
from solar project. (i.e.,) as far as the state of Tamil Nadu is considered , TANGEDCO
has to bear Rs.4.50/-( which is the maximum tariff fixed by TNERC for every kind of
renewable energy other than solar ) .Then the remaining amount Rs. (15.0 4.50)=
Rs.10.50/- will be borne by the MNRE.

Under the above scheme , M/s. Sapphire Industrial Infrastructures Private Limited have
been selected by MNRE to establish 5 MW SPV power

plant at Rettai Pillai Iynarkulam

village, New Kallatthur , Sivagangai Tk, Sivagangai district.

Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM) :
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy / GoI have launched Jawaharlal Nehru National
Solar Mission (JNNSM). The mission has set a target of 20,000 MW and stipulates
implementation and achievement of Target in 3 phases (Phase I 2012-13, Phase II 2013-17,
Phase III 2017-22).
The establishment of Grid connected Solar power generation is broadly divided into two
schemes namely,
(1) NVVN Scheme
(2) RPSSGP Scheme
I. NVVN Scheme :- (NTPCs Vidyut Vyapar Nigam Ltd.,)

Under this scheme, NTPC Vidyut Vyapar Nigam Ltd., (NVVN) is designated as Nodal
Agency for procuring the Solar power from Solar power generators, which are connected to the
grid at a voltage level of 33 KV and above.

Only one developer (M/s.CCCL Infrastructure 5 MW capacity) have been selected under this
Scheme and comissioned their project on 29/03/2012.

II.

RPSSGP Scheme :- (Roof Top Photo Voltaic & Small Solar Generation Program)
Under this Scheme, IREDA (Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency) has been
designated as Program Administrator for selection of solar power generators for establishment
of SPV plants which are to be connected at a voltage level of below 33 KV.

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)

7 Developers have been selected under this Scheme.

M/s.RL Clean Power (1 MW)
M/s.B&G Solar (1 MW)
M/s.Great Shine Holdings (1 MW)
M/s.Gemini Geoss (1 MW)
M/s.Amsons (1 MW)
M/s.Harrisons (1 MW)
M/s.Noel (1 MW)
6 Nos. power plants have been commissioned and works are under progress for the other
plants.
REC Scheme (Renewable Energy Certificate):
Under this scheme, application for the establishment of solar power plants in Tamil
Nadu have been received directly at O/o the Chief Engineer/ NCES/TANGEDCO/Chennai-2. The
developer have been paid TANGEDCOs average pooled purchase cost of Rs. 2.37/unit on
export of solar power to TNEB grid. For every MWHr generation i.e. 1000 KWHr, a certificate
will be issued to the solar power developer which can be traded in CERC authorized power
exchange.
Under this scheme, M/s. Numeric Power Systems Limited has commissioned 1 MW solar
PV power plant at Kuppepalayam village, Coimbatore district on 9.5.12.
Applications
Solar energy can also be used to meet our electricity requirements. Through Solar
Photovoltaic (SPV) cells, solar radiation gets converted into DC electricity directly. This
electricity can either be used as it is or can be stored in the battery. This stored electrical
energy then can be used at night. SPV can be used for a number of applications such as:
a. domestic lighting
b. street lighting
c. village electrification
d. water pumping
e. desalination of salty water
f. powering of remote telecommunication repeater stations and
g. railway signals.
If the means to make efficient use of solar energy could be found, it would reduce
our dependence on non-renewable sources of energy and make our environment cleaner the
next few years it is expected that millions of households.

Technical Requirements for Grid Solar PV

Power Plants

The following are some of the technical measures required to ensure quality of equipment used
in grid-connected solar photovoltaic power projects:
1. SPV Modules
1.1 The SPV modules used in the grid solar power projects must qualify to the latest edition of
any of the following IEC PV module qualification test or equivalent BIS standards. Crystalline
Silicon Solar Cell Modules IEC 61215 Thin Film Modules IEC 61646 Concentrator PV
modules IEC 62108
1.2 In addition, SPV modules must qualify to IEC 61730 for safety qualification testing at
1000V DC or higher. The modules to be used in a highly corrosive atmosphere throughout their
lifetime must qualify to IEC 61701.
2. Power Conditioners/ Inverters
The Power Conditioners/Inverters of the SPV power plants conform to the latest edition of IEC/
equivalent

BIS

Standards

as

specified

below:

Efficiency

Measurements

IEC

61683

Environmental Testing IEC 60068 2/ IEC 62093 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) IEC
61000-6-2, IEC 61000-6-4 & other relevant parts of IEC 61000 Electrical Safety IEC
62103/IEC 62109-1&2 Protection against Islanding of Grid IEEE1547/IEC 62116/UL 1741/
equivalent BIS Standard
3. Other Sub-systems/ Components:
Other subsystems/components used in the SPV power plants (Cables, Connectors,
Junction Boxes, Surge Protection Devices, etc.) must also conform to the relevant
international/ national Standards for Electrical Safety besides that for Quality required for
ensuring Expected Service Life and Weather Resistance. (IEC Standard for DC cables for PV
systems is under development. It is recommended that in the interim, the Cables of 600-1800
Volts DC for outdoor installations should comply with the draft EN50618/TUV 2pfg 1169/08/07
for service life expectancy of 25 years).
4. Authorized Test Centres
The PV modules / Power Conditioners deployed in the power plants must have valid test
certificates for their qualification as per above specified IEC/ BIS Standards by one of the NABL
Accredited Test Centres in India. In case of module types like Thin Film and CPV / equipment
for which such Test facilities may not exist in India at present, test certificates from reputed
ILAC Member Labs abroad will be acceptable.
5. Warranty
PV modules used in grid solar power plants must be warranted for output wattage,
which should not be less than 90% at the end of 10 years and 80% at the end of 25 years.
6. Identification and Traceability
Each PV module used in any solar power project must use a RF identification tag. The
following information must be mentioned in the RFID used on each module (This can be inside
or outside the laminate, but must be able to withstand harsh environmental conditions.)
i) Name of the manufacturer of PV Module
ii) Name of the Manufacturer of Solar cells
iii) Month and year of the manufacture (separately for solar cells and module)

iv) Country of origin (separately for solar cells and module)

v) I-V curve for the module at Standard Test Condition (1000 W/m2, AM1.5, 250 C)
vi) Wattage, Im, Vm and FF for the module
vii) Unique Serial No and Model No of the module
viii) Date and year of obtaining IEC PV module qualification certificate
ix) Name of the test lab issuing IEC certificate
x) Other relevant information on traceability of solar cells and module as per ISO 9000
Site owners would be required to maintain accessibility to the list of Module IDs along
with the above parametric data for each module.
7. Performance Monitoring:
All grid solar PV power plants must install necessary equipment to continuously
measure solar radiation, ambient temperature, wind speed and other weather parameters and
simultaneously measure the generation of DC power as well as AC power generated from the
plant. They will be required to submit this data to SECI and MNRE or any other designated
agency on line and/or through a report on regular basis every month for the entire duration of
PPA. In this regard they shall mandatorily also grant access to SECI and MNRE or any other
designated agency to the remote monitoring portal of the power plants on a 24X7 basis.
8. Safe Disposal of Solar PV Modules:
The developers will ensure that all Solar PV modules from their plant after their end of
life (when they become defective/ non-operational/ non-repairable) are disposed of in
accordance with the e-waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2011 notified by the
Government and as revised and amended from time to time. *