Murphy1

EasterMurphy
Ms.Janna
Humanities
16March2016
HitlerWasManipulative

WorldWarIwashardonGermany.Therewerethirtysevenmillioncasualtiesonallsidesofthe
warsevenmillionofthosewereGerman(PBS).AlloftheGermanspeakingcountriesweresplitupby
theTreatyofSaintGermainenLaye,whichhadalsoestablishedtheRepublicofAustria(which
includedmostoftheGermanspeakingcountries).Thecountrieswerealsogivennewnames
(USHMM).TheTreatyofVersailles,writtenbytheAlliedpowersofWWIwhichconsistedofItaly,
GreatBritain,France,andtheU.S.,namedGermanyasthemaininstigatorofWorldWarI,andforced
themtopayheavywarreparationswhichamountedupto266goldmarksor63billiondollarswhichis
768billiondollarstoday(USHMMandTIME).Beforethecountryhadgoneintoacompleteeconomic
downfall,AdolfHitlerhadpredictedthetotalcollapseofthegovernmentwhichwouldbereplaced
byaNazicabinet,andnoonebelievedhim(Simkinand).HeandtheNazipartywerentverywell
knownyetatthetime.In1924,theyhadonlywonthreepercentofthevotetotheReichstag,whichis
theGermanparliament(USHMM).
InGermanpolitics,oneofthekeystoforeignpolicyatthetimewasfindingwaysaroundthe
TreatyofVersailles,whichhadalsorestrictedthewaysGermanycouldexpand(orratherdownsize)its
military(USHMM).Eventually,thecitizensofGermanyhadlostfaithintheirdemocraticgovernment
becauseitwasfailingtofixtheeconomicandpoliticalproblemscausedbytheTreatyofVersailleand
theybegantolooktowardsmoreradicalpartiesliketheNationalSocialistParty.Peoplealsobeganto


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thinkthatifHitlerwassmartenoughtopredictthecollapse,maybehewouldbesmartenoughtofixitas
well(Simkin).AdolfHitlerwasappointedchancelloronJanuary30,1933becausetheNaziPartystill
didnothaveenoughsupporterstogainamajorityvoteforcingthemtoformacoalitionwiththe
conservativeparty(USHMM).
Hitlerhadtoformacoalitionwiththeconservativepartybecauseheonlyhad33%ofthevote,
whichwasnotenoughforawinbymajority,thereforethe85yearoldPaulvonHindenburgwouldbe
Presidentagain.Hehopedthatbyformingacoalitionwiththerightwingconservatives,heandErich
LunderoffcouldenforceaconservativenationalistBavariangovernmenttobeginaMarchonBerlin
likeMussolinihadinRome(Encyclopedia).Hefailed,andwastriedfortreason.Duringhisoneyear
sentence,hewroteMeinKampfinwhichheoutlinedhisbeliefsandimportantplans(Encyclopedia).
Thefirsttwoyearsofhisseataschancellorwasreservedfortheestablishmentofpower.Heconvinced
HindenburgtotrusthimwiththeemergencypowersinFebruaryof1933,andsoonafter,therewasa
mysteriousfirethatkilledmanyofHitlerspoliticalrivals(Encyclopedia).Hewasthenabletoreplace
theirpositionsinthecabinetwithpeopleintheNaziparty(Encyclopedia).Becauseofthis,theNazi
Partyhadmoreofaninfluenceinthegovernmentthanthereeverhadbeenbefore.Thisalsoallowed
himtofurthergetridofbothpoliticalenemiesandenemieswithinthearmythroughmurder
(Encyclopedia).HethenofficiallybecameFuhrerin1934,followingthedeathofPresidentPaulvon
Hindenburg.Alsoatthistime,JosephGoebbelshadlaunchedthepropagandamovement.Bythistime,
morepeoplesupportedHitlerthaninpreviousyears,onepublicdisplayofthisbeingtheNazimassrally
of1934,inNuremberg,inwhichmillionsofpeoplemarchedandsalutedHitlersappeals.These
millionsofpeoplefollowedHitler,andwouldcontinuetofollowhiminlateryears,becauseherebuilt


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theireconomy,brainwashedthemtothinktheywouldbeattackedbyforeigncountries,and
brainwashedthemintothinkingthattherewerethreatsinsidewithintheirborders.
ThepeopleofGermanyfollowedHitlerbecausehewasabletorebuildtheireconomy.After
WWIinflationhadtakenplaceinGermany,causingthevalueofthemarktogofrom5.21marksto$1
in1918to4,200,000,000,000to$1attheendof1923(SchoolHistory).Becauseofthis,politiciansin
boththeU.S.andGreatBritainrealizedthatthetermssetinplaceundertheTreatyofVersailleswere
tooharshonGermany(Simkin).AreportwaspresentedbyCharlesDawestoregulatethepaymentsof
reparationsandtoprovideGermanywithforeignloans.TheseweresuccessfuluntiltheWallStreet
Crashin1929ledtotheU.S.recallingalloftheloansithadgivenout.ThissentGermanysrateof
unemploymentfrom15.3%in1930toover30%in1933.Inthatyearselection,Hitler(whohad
predictedthecollapse)promisedtoabolishunemploymententirelyifhewaselected.
AfterhewasappointedChancellorbyPresidentPaulvonHindenburg,hedidinfactgetpeople
jobs,butnotinthemostfairway.Hetookcertainfreedomsawayfromemployersliketheintroduction
oflaboursavingmachinery(Simkin).Employerswouldneedspecialpermissionbeforetheycould
downsizetheirworkforce,andhegaveworkcontractstocompaniesthatreliedonmanuallabour
insteadofmachines(Simkin).Thismadepeoplewanttobelieveinhimasagoodleaderbecausehewas
abletostabilizetheircrumblinginfrastructure.Hewasabletoprovidethemwithpayingjobs(evenif
theydidntprovidethatmuchmoney)(Simkin).
However,othergovernmentofficialsdidnotappreciatehisappointment.FranzvonPapen,who
wasaconservativeandtheViceChancellor,wasappointedtokeepHitlerincheck(TheHistory
Place).Infacthestated,WithintwomonthswewillhavepushedHitlersofarintothecornerthathell
squeak(TheHistoryPlace).ErichLunderoffsaidinatelegramByappointingHitlerChancellorofthe


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ReichyouhavehandedoursacredGermanFatherlandtooneofthegreatestdemagoguesofalltime.I
prophesytoyouthisevilmanwillplungeourReichintotheabyssandwillinflictimmeasurablewoeon
ournation.Futuregenerationswillcurseyouinyourgraveforthisaction(TheHistoryPlace).
Otherswereoverjoyedattheappointment,likeJosephGoebbelswhosaidinhisdiaryItis
almostlikeadream afairytale.Thenew[Third]Reichhasbeenborn.Fourteenyearsofworkhave
beencrownedwithvictory.TheGermanrevolutionhasbegun!(TheHistoryPlace).
Inadditiontorebuildingtheeconomy,theGermanpeoplefollowedHitlerbecauseheledthem
tobelievethattheywereatriskofbeingattackedbyforeigncountries.GermanPropagandaMinister
JosephGoebbelswastheheadthepropagandamovement.HepaintedGermanyasapeaceloving
countrythatwouldonlyevertakeuparmsifthreatened.JustbeforetheattackonPolandinSeptember
1939,thepropagandaindustrylaunchedanaggressivemediacampaignwhichhadplayedupPolish
atrocitieslike,realoralleged,physicalviolenceagainstethnicGermanslivinginPoland(USHMM).In
Polandonly69.7%ofthepopulationwasPolishand3.8%ofthepopulationwasethnicallyGerman
(Philbrick).Thepropagandaindustryhadcompletecontrolofwhatthenewsreelsshowed,andtwelve
toeighteenhoursofprofessionallyshotfootagewouldbeediteddowntotwentytoforty
minutes(USHMM).Thescriptsforthenewswouldberevisedorrewrittenentirely(USHMM).This
wasprovenbythefactthattheNazisoldierswrotehomeaboutthesubhumanityofthePolishpeople
(USHMM).SomeevencomparedthePolishJewstotheantisemiticimagesshowninDerStrumeror
anexhibitcalledtheEternalJew(USHMM).Bycontrollingthenews,Hitlerhadcompletecontrolof
thepeoplesmindsetduringthewar(USHMM).TheywereabletoigniteadeeprootedantiPolish
sentimentthatmanyGermanpeoplealreadyhad(USHMM).


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Lastly,GermanpeoplefollowedHitlerbecausehebrainwashedthemintobelievingthatthere
werethreatswithintheircountry.ArecurringthemeinGermanpropagandawasthatJewsspread
diseases.ThisisbecausetheywantedtoportraytheJewsasanalienracethatwasaleechtoitshost
nationandpoisonedtheculture.Theywantedtoshowthattheyseizedtheeconomyandenslavedthe
workersandfarmers(USHMM).ThisisnottosaythatJewishpeopleweretheonlypeopletargetedby
theNazis.Romapeople(betterknowbythesometimesderogatorytermgypsies),homosexuals,
JehovahsWitnesses,peoplewithmentalillness,andpeoplewithintellectual(chronicalcoholicsordrug
users)orphysicaldisabilitieswerealsosoughtoutbytheNaziParty.
RomapeoplewerepersecutedalmostexactlylikeJewswere.Theywerekilledingasvans,
thousandsweredeportedfromtheirhomecountries,andtheyweresenttodeathandlabourcamps
(USHMM).ItishardtotellhowmanyofthemwerekilledbyGermanyanditsallies,butestimatesput
thenumberaround2,220,000(USHMM).
BeingahomosexualmaninGermanywastechnicallyillegalundercriminalcode,butpeople
wereextremelytolerantandtheNazissawthisassomethingtheyneededtogetridofinordertowin
theracialbattle(USHMM).Theysawhomosexualmenasweakpeoplewhocouldnotfightforthe
country,andwhowerenotlikelytohavechildrenwhowouldfightforthecountry.Homosexualwomen
werenotconsideredtobeathreatbySSchiefHeinrichHimmlerwhowasthedirectorofpersecution
movements(USHMM).TheydidnotpersecutenonGermanhomosexualsunlesstheywereactivewith
Germanpartners(USHMM).Policeclosedclubsandbars,andbannedcertainpublicationslike
Eldorado,whichdestroyedthepeoplessupportnetwork.Localpoliceforceskeptlistsonallmen
whoengagedinhomosxualactivities,whichtheNazisusedtohuntthemdownduringpoliceactions
(USHMM).Homosexualprisonerswhowerejustreleasedfromjailwereimmediatelyrearrestedif


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Nazisthoughttheywouldcontinuetoengageinhomosexualactivities.Mostofthemenspenttheirtime
inaregularjail,butbetween5,000and15,000wereputintoconcentrationcamps(USHMM).
Homosexualswereforcedtowearasmallpinktriangle,andaccordingtomanysurvivoraccounts,the
homosexualswereamongthemostabusedinthecamps(USHMM).Theywereseparatedincampsto
preventtheirhomosexualityfromspreading,andweresubjectedtocastration.Therearenoknown
numbersforhowmanyhomosexualmendiedinthecamps.(USHMM).
Jehovah'switnesseswerealsosubjectedtointensepersecutionbytheNaziRegime,suchas
meetingsbeingbrokenupandtheransackingtheoccupationoftheiroffices(USHMM).They
contendedthattheywereapoliticalandthereforenotantiNazi,buttherefusaltodotheNazisalute,to
lettheirchildrenjointheHitlerYouth,ortoparticipateinelectionsmadetheNazissuspectsomethingof
them.TheGestapo(secretpolice)compiledlistsofallthepeoplebelievedtobeaWitness,andspied
ontheirmeetings(USHMM).Theywerearrestedforrefusingthedraftortoperformanymilitary
relatedworkandcontinuingtomeetillegally.By1939,6,000Witnesseswereeitherinjailorincamps,
andothersfledGermany,practicedinquiet,orstoppedtheirreligiousobservancealltogether
(USHMM).Nazicampofficersandguardsoftenusedthemasdomesticservantsbecauseoftheir
refusaltoescapeorphysicallyresistguards(USHMM).In1933,about30,000Germanswereactively
JehovahsWitnesses,andthroughoutthisperiodabout20,000ofthemstayedactive.Ofthosewho
remainedactive,anestimatedhalfwereconvictedatsomepoint(USHMM).Anestimated1,000
GermanWitnessesand400fromothercountriesdied,and250Germanswereexecutedastheyrefused
toservethemilitary(USHMM).
Thepersecutionofthosewhoweredeemedhereditarilyunfitandpeoplewhowerephysically
ormentallydisabledbeganwithforcedsterilizationbeforeitescalatedtomurder(USHMM).Themost


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extrememeasurewastheEuthanasiaprogramwhichwasapracticerunfortheborderlinegenocidal
policiestofollow.Politicalandmedicalauthoritiesseparatedtheircommunity'sfitandunfit
members.In1933,alawwasputinplacecalledtheLawforthePreventionofProgenywith
HereditaryDiseaseswhichorderedthesterilizationofanyonewhohadhereditaryepilepsy,
schizophrenia,bipolardisorder(knownthenasmanicdepressivedisorder),hereditary
feeblemindedness(todayconsideredtobeawiderangeofthingsfrommentalretardation,learning
disabilities,andmentalillnesses),Huntington'schorea,hereditaryblindness,hereditarydeafness,severe
hereditarydeformity,orchronicandseverealcoholism(USHMM).PeoplewithintheNazimedical
communitycalledoutfortheeradicationofthesepeople.TheNaziPartyandeugeniciststhoughtthatall
ofthesewerehereditaryandcouldnothavecomefromtheenvironmentapersonlivedin(USHMM).
In1939,theEuthanasiaProgrambegan,andfirsttargetedtoddlers,infants,andjuvenilestheywere
killedthroughmeansofstarvationoroverdoseofmedication(USHMM).Thentheybegantosend
Euthanasiadoctorstohospitalsandchosetheirvictimsthroughquestionnairesthatgatheredstatistical
information,thesepeoplewerethenkilledwithspecificallydesignedgaschambers(USHMM).PaulaB
wasanurseuntilthehospitalshewasstationedatcameunderartillerybombardment.Atthistimeshe
hadanervousbreakdownandbegantosufferepilepticseizures,andwasmovedtoahospitaluntilshe
hadrecoveredenoughtomarry.Sheandherhusbandhadachild,andshewasseenasahomemaker
untilabout1935whensheagainbegantosufferepilepticseizures.Shewascommittedtoamental
institution,andherhusband,whohadbeenconvincedbyNazilegalofficialsthattheirmarriage
endangeredtheGermanpeople,divorcedher.TheNazissawthisashereditarydisease,butsinceshe
hadnotexperiencedherfirstepisodeuntilshewas25yearsold,herswascausedbytrauma.Her
daughtersawherforthelasttimeonEasterin1941shepleadedwithherdaughtertogetheroutofthe


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facility,saying,look,Margot,youreveryyoung,andmaybeyoudontunderstand,butyoumusttell
yourfathertoreleasemeimmediately,Illworkmyfingerstothebones,butpleasegetmeoutofhere
(USHMM).LaterthatyearinMay,MargotreceivedadeathnoticefromtheHadamarfacilitythather
motherhaddiedofnaturalcauses,whenshehadactuallybeenkilledintheHadamargaschamber
(USHMM).Inthecourtsystemafterthewar,EuthanasiadoctorsweretriedbeforeGermanjurists,not
Alliedoccupationforces.Theywererarelytriedafterthewarbecausetheydidnotbringoutthe
sympathythatJewsandconcentrationcampvictimsdid.TheNazimedicalcommunityhadsuggested
theyhadsimplyputthosepeopletosleepafterbeingfullyintegratedbackintotheWestGerman
medicalcommunity(USHMM).TheThirdReichhadampedupitspropagandaduringthismassmurder
aswell,callingthepeoplelifeunworthyoflifeoruselesseaters(USHMM).Intotal,about200,000
GermanandAustrianmentallyandphysicallyhandicappedhadbeenkilled.
TheNazisusedthefearofpeoplespreadingdiseasethattheyhadimplantedinpeoplesminds
asanexcusetoputallthesepeopleintoghettos(USHMM).Topreventotherpeoplefromentering,
theywouldputquarantinesignsattheentrances.Theghettoswerenotsanitary.Theywerepetridishes
fordiseasesliketyphus.Eventuallythequarantinesignwouldactuallyneedtobetherebecauseof
inadequatemedicalcare.Therewereatleast1,000ghettosinGermanoccupiedandannexedPoland
andtheSovietUnion(USHMM).Thesemanmadeepidemicswereusedtojustifytheisolationof
filthyJews.FearingthatsomecouldfindoutthatJewswerebeingsenttotheEasttoperformlabor,
theregimepublicizedtheexistenceofTheresienstadtasaresidentialcommunityfortheelderlyand
disabledtoretireinpeaceandsafety(USHMM).Thepropagandawasmadelikethissopeoplewould
believethattheJewishwouldinfectthemandtheirfamilies.Ifandwhenpeoplewouldbelievewhatthe


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propagandawastellingthem,theywouldseparatethemselvesfromtheJewish,andsomewouldeven
turnthemovertothepoliceforces(UN).
Inclosing,peoplefollowedHitlerbecausehestabilizedtheireconomy,brainwashedthemto
thinkthattheywereatriskofattackfromforeignarmies,andthattherewerethreatsinsidetheir
borders.TheriseofHitlerandtheHolocaustistaughtinschoolsbecauseitisoneofthemostunique
genocidesinhistoryaccordingtotheUN(UN).Postwar,theAlliedcountriesneededawaytofigure
outhowGermanycouldcommitsuchatrocitiesandwhy.Theyalsowantedtofigureoutawayto
preventitfromhappeningagain.Denazificationisthetermusedtodescribetheprocessofremoving
NazimembersofficialpublicofficeandinfluentialpositionsinGermany.Thiswassecuredunderthe
PotsdamDeclaration,whichstartedoutasapledgebetweenJosephStalin,WinstonChurchill,and
FranklinRooseveltattheYaltaConference(JewishVirtualLibrary).Naziparticipantsweresoughtout
throughquestionnairesaboutactivitiesduringtheNaziperiodgiventosuspects.Thisprocesswasabit
problematichowever,asthereweredifferentproceedingsineveryareaofoccupation.Franceusedthis
asawaytoweakentheirtraditionalenemy,whileBritainwasmorelenientintheirenforcement
techniques.TheU.S.hadtwowaysofseeingthesituation,thefirstwasbyseeingallGermansasguilty
throughasenseofcollectiveguilt,buttheyalsosawtheopportunitytoreeducateGermanytouse
democracy.IntheSovietarea,theideawastoestablishaCommunistruleandgetridofcapitalists
(JewishVirtualLibrary).
Atakeawayfromthisishowheavilythemediaaffectsthegeneralpublicsopinion.Tomakea
connectiontonowitslikehowthemovie13Hours:TheSecretSoldiersofBenghaziwasmadeas
politicalpropagandatomakevotersnotwanttovoteforHillaryClintonintheprimaries.Tomakea
connectiontotheSyriancrisis,peopleinSyriaarebeginningtolooktowardsmoreradicalgroupslike


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alNusraFront,whichisanalQaedaaffiliateandhasbeenlabeledasaterroristorganizationbythe
U.S.StateDepartment,andISIS,whichstartedinIraqbutmovedintoSyriaduetothewar(CNN).I
thinkawaytopreventanothersituationlikethisfromhappeningagain,especiallyrightnowwiththe
currentrefugeesituation,istoelecttherightleadersandmakesureweholdthemaccountablefortheir
actions.Accountabilityisimportantbecauseifaleaderiselectedbecausetheypromisedtodoafew
greatthingsandtogetthemdoneinthebestwaypossible,thentheygetintoofficeanddotheexact
oppositeofwhattheypromisedtodo,thenthatwouldhavebeenlyingandeverythingthepeoplehad
hopedforwouldntcometrue.ThiswasnotimportantintheThirdReichbecauseHitlerhadbecomea
militaristicdictator,soevenifthepeopledidntwanthimtodosomething,hehadthepowertodoit
anyway.IthinkitwouldbereallyhardtosayspecificallyOhwellweshoulddothis,this,andthisto
preventanotherHolocaustfromhappeningbecausethatswhattheytriedtodoattheYaltaconference
andtheyjustcreatedthetensionsthatleduptotheColdWar(JewishVirtualLibrary).Whatwecando
nowasvotersisbeinformedaboutnationalandinternationalevents.Thisisimportantbecauseifyou
havenoideawhatsgoingonthenyourenotinformedenoughtomakeadecisiononwhohasthebest
policytofixthatsituationbecauseyouknownothingaboutit.ThiswentarryinNaziGermanybecause
assoonasHitlerhadpower,heseizedcontrolofthenewsoutlets,andreleasedpropagandathrough
moviesandthenews(USHMM).Weshouldalsoknowwherecandidatesstandintheiridealsbecause
iftheyareaRepublicantheytendtobemoreconservativeandledbyreligiousmorals,andiftheyarea
Democrattheytendtobemoreliberalandarenotinterestedinkeepingthenationthesameasitwas
whentheFoundingFatherswerealive.
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