52Y

ANTI-PUMP RELAY
The contacts of this relay prevent uncontrolled discharging of the closing
spring, if the
closing signal remains complete up to the breaker. If the circuit remains
complete, the
closing spring would discharge under the wrong conditions, this is called
pumping.
Therefore the anti-pump relay prevents the spring from doing the following:
A. Re-closing the breaker after the breaker has opened.
B. Closing the breaker automatically when the closing spring initially
charges
after the breaker is inserted.
C. Cycling the closing spring from charged to discharged to charged and so
on
until the charging motor fails (motor is not rated for continuous duty).
(ML-17/17H)
Contacts 7 & 3 and 4 & 8 or (ML-18/18H) Contacts 7 & 1 and 3

How do we classify an Antipumping relay?

It is classified as an auxiliary relay.

Why Antipumping relay is used?

Anti pumping relaying is done primarily to indicate the spring failure of TNC switch and a
person need to attend the problem. The function of this relay is to cut off the supply to 52C
(CB closing coil) in case of TNC switch spring failure and prevent CB hunting effect (i.e.
continuous closing, opening operation).
Anti pumping is also called trip free mechanism of any circuit breaker. Suppose the breaker
has been instructed to close by manual instruction by pressing the TNC (trip neutral close
push button) switch. The operating mechanism will start operating for closing operation.
Meanwhile a fault has taken place and relay closes the trip circuit of breaker. The trip free
mechanism/ Anti pumping feature permits the circuit breaker to be tripped by protective relay
even if it is under process of closing. Thus auxiliary relay (or sometimes the inbuilt feature of
circuit breaker) which prevent alternate tripping and closing of the circuit breaker if closing
push button is held close during fault is called the trip free mechanism or anti pumping
mechanism.

What will happen if Antipumping relay circuit is not present?

If the circuit breaker is closed using TNC switch, and at the same instant let spring of TNC
switch has failed and it did not came to its neutral state, and primary protection relay had
been operated at this instant and opened the CB, since supply is being extended to 52C (CB

closing coil) because of TNC spring failure, then CB will close again, since fault is still
persisting the following cycle occurs.
CB trip, because of protection. Operation -> CB close, because of TNC switch spring failure> CB trip, because of protection. Operation-> CB close, because of TNC switch spring
failure-> CB trip, because of protection. Operation -> CB close, because of TNC switch
spring.
The above cycle is termed as circuit breaker hunting. Circuit breaker hunting will cause
damage to breaker and it can be avoided by using 52 (Circuit breaker Antipumping relay).The
function of this relay is to cut off the supply to 52C (CB closing coil) coil in case of TNC
switch spring failure and prevent CB hunting effect (i.e. continuous closing, opening
operation).
Top
Let us analyse the behavior of circuit in case anti pumping is present and in case it is not
present, one by one:
CASE 1: Closing Coil Circuit Without 52 Relay
The path for CB close with out 52 relay is shown in Figure 1. In this case if spring of TNC
switch fails, then supply will be get extended to 52C (CB closing coil) coil as shown in
Figure 2.

Figure 1 - Circuit breaker closing coil without Antipumping relay

If the TNC switch spring has failed then supply will be extended as shown below.

Figure 2 - showing how supply will be extended to closing coil because of TNC spring failure

CASE 2: Closing Coil Circuit With 52 Relay

Closing coil circuit with 52 present is as shown in Figure 3. Path 1 in Figure 3 shows how
52C (CB closing coil) will be energized when we press TNC switch CS1.if CS1 comes to its
original state once we release it then 52 will not come in picture. if CS1 does not comes to its
original state then 52 will be energized as shown in path 2.then 52-NC contact present in path
1 will be got opened up and prevents extension of supply.
We have the concept that initially for the energization of 52 80% to 90% of 110V is required.
But once after energization 60-70% of 110V is sufficient to maintain its energization state.
This logic is achieved by introducing a resistance in 52 energization maintenance path. This
path is shown in Figure 4.

Figure 3 - With Antipumping relay present

Figure 4 - Antipumping relay with a resistor

Once 52 is energized it will give an alarm and a maintenance person in the substation need to
attend that problem. This is how 52 is useful in avoiding CB hunting effect.
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What is ANSI code for Master trip lockout relay?

ANSI code 86 is used.

What is function & Utility of lockout relay?

When a drive-to-lockout input is energized, the reclosing relay will go into lockout from
any point in the sequence. The relay will stay in lockout until the input is removed and the
breaker is closed manually or by supervisory control. Upon removal, the recloser will go
through its reset sequence and return to ready state.
All the different trip signals from fault detection devices are wired to the lockout relay, which
is the master trip relay for the circuit breaker. It is usually a manually reset relay with an
indicating flag or lamp. In case of DG a similar philosophy of tripping is used in the engine
control panel in which all the mechanical failure signals are received at the engine lockout
relay (86-T, T for turbine). This lockout relay also trips the generator circuit breaker.
When either the 86-G or the 86-T relay sends its signal to the circuit-breaker trip coil, time is
taken before the circuit breaker begins to move and finally reach its fully open state. The
generator switchgear is recommended to have two separate lockout relays. One will receive
all the electrical protection relay trip signals, and denoted as 861. The other will receive a
master trip signal (or several trip signals) from the turbine unit control panel, and denoted as
862.

It operates whenever any of the protection relay operates and would prevent any circuit
breaker operation until the lock out relay is manually rest.

Can we manage without anti pumping since operation of lock out relay would prevent
any further operations of CB even continuous opening-closing?

Figure 5 - Antipumping relay & Lockout relay contacts in closing coil circuit

Let us assume that we have closed the circuit breaker using the TNC switch CS1.At this
instant TNC switch spring failed and fault is there which is sensed by primary protection
relay and sends tripping command to circuit breaker. This would energize the trip coil of
breaker; this will result in operation of lock out relay.
The lock out relay will go into lock out state as shown in Figure 6 below:

Figure 6 - The lock out relay goes into lock out state

Now let a person had attended that fault and resetted 86 lockout contacts. After resetting its
status will be NC and a closed command will be extended to closing coil without any human
interface which is a mal function.
So an 86 lockout relay cannot fulfill the purpose of anti pumping relay.
The function of anti pumping relay is to cut off the supply to closing coil in case of TNC
switch spring failure and prevent CB hunting effect (i.e. continuous closing, opening
operation) and a person needs to attend the problem. Where as 86 lock out relay contact in
closing circuit is meant to ensure that a person had attended the fault occurred and we are
closing the circuit after clearing the circuit.
It is extra mechanical protection meant for safety of equipments considering the cost and
sophistication involved; it is always advisable to go for extra human interface

The anti-pumping relay is a device in circuit-breaker whose

function is to prevent multiple breaker closures. For
instance, if the operator gives the closing command to the
breaker by pressing the close button and the breaker
closes. However, a fault in the system causes the breaker
to trip. Since the close command is still in the pressed
condition, there is a chance of the breaker closing again
and being tripped by the relay multiple times. This can
damage the closing mechanism of the breaker. The antipumping relay prevents this by ensuring that the breaker
closes only once for one close command from the control
panel.