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GMm
r2
14.
There are nearly 107 s in one year. Find
the percentage error in this approximation, where
percentage error is defined as
Percentage error
Figure P2.7
Figure P2.3
2.
3.
5.
6.
Figure P2.12
An object moves along the x axis according to
the equation x(t) = (3.00t2 2.00t + 3.00) m.
Determine (a) the average speed between t =
2.00 s and t = 3.00 s, (b) the instantaneous speed
at t = 2.00 s and at t = 3.00 s, (c) the average
acceleration between t = 2.00 s and t = 3.00 s, and
(d) the instantaneous acceleration at t = 2.00 s
and t = 3.00 s.
7.
8.
9.
Chapter 3: Vectors
1. Two points in the xy plane have Cartesian
coordinates (2.00, 4.00) m and (3.00, 3.00) m.
Determine (a) the distance between these points and
(b) their polar coordinates.
5.
Fig P3.15
Given
the
Fig 3.59
vectors
A 2.00 i 6.00 j
and
6.00j , determine
x = (18.0 m/s)t
and y = (4.00 m/s)t (4.90 m/s )t
2
velocity
10.0i 4.00j m .
rock is ri
and
j .
velocity is
Figure P4.53
10. A ball on the end of a string is whirled around in
a horizontal circle of radius 0.300 m. The plane of
the circle is 1.20 m above the ground. The string
breaks and the ball lands 2.00 m (horizontally) away
from the point on the ground directly beneath the
ball's location when the string breaks. Find the
radial acceleration of the ball during its circular
motion.
22.5i 20.2 jm / s
Chapter5:TheLawsofMotion
1. A force F applied to an object of mass m1 produces
an acceleration of 3.00 m/s 2. The same force applied
to a second object of mass m2 produces an
acceleration of 1.00 m/s2. (a) What is the value of the
ratio m1/m2? (b) If m1 and m2 are combined, find their
acceleration under the action of the force F.
Figure 1
45.0i N ,
Figure 2
7. Two objects are connected by a light string that
passes over a frictionless pulley, as in Figure 3. Draw
free-body diagrams of both objects. If the incline is
frictionless and if m1 = 2.00 kg, m2 = 6.00 kg, and =
55.0, find (a) the accelerations of the objects, (b) the
tension in the string, and (c) the speed of each object
2.00 s after being released from rest.
Figure 5
10. A block of mass m = 2.00 kg is released from rest
at h = 0.500 m above the surface of a table, at the top
of a = 30.0 incline as shown in Figure 6. The
frictionless incline is fixed on a table of height H =
2.00 m. (a) Determine the acceleration of the block as
it slides down the incline. (b) What is the velocity of
the block as it leaves the incline? (c) How far from
the table will the block hit the floor? (d) How much
time has elapsed between when the block is released
and when it hits the floor? (e) Does the mass of the
block affect any of the above calculations?
Figure 3
8. In Figure 4, the man and the platform together
weigh 950 N. The pulley can be modeled as
frictionless. Determine how hard the man has to
pull on the rope to lift himself steadily upward
above the ground.
Figure 6
Figure 4
Figure P6.11
3. A 40.0-kg child swings in a swing supported by
two chains, each 3.00 m long. If the tension in each
chain at the lowest point is 350 N, find (a) the child's
speed at the lowest point and (b) the force exerted by
the seat on the child at the lowest point. (Neglect the
Figure P6.60
8. A space station, in the form of a wheel 120 m in
diameter, rotates to provide an artificial gravity of
3.00 m/s2 for persons who walk around on the inner
wall of the outer rim. Find the rate of rotation of the
wheel (in revolutions per minute) that will produce
this effect.
Figure P6.68
10
A 2 i 4 j and B 3i 4j 2 k ; (c)
A i 2 j 2k and B 3j 4 k .
,
3. For A 3i j k
B i 2j 5k , and
C 2j 3 k , find C (A B).
Figure P7.13
11
Figure P8.24
4. A single constant force
F 3 i 5j N acts on
r 2 i 3 j m .
Figure P8.13
3. A particle of mass m = 5.00 kg is released from
point A and slides on the frictionless track shown in
Figure P8.24. Determine (a) the particle's speed at
points B and C and (b) the net work done by the
gravitational force in moving the particle from A to
C.
12
Figure P8.52
Figure P8.31
Figure P8.57
10. A 20.0-kg block is connected to a 30.0-kg block by
a string that passes over a light frictionless pulley.
The 30.0-kg block is connected to a spring that has
negligible mass and a force constant of 250 N/m, as
shown in Figure P8.59. The spring is unstretched
when the system is as shown in the figure, and the
incline is frictionless. The 20.0-kg block is pulled 20.0
cm down the incline (so that the 30.0-kg block is
40.0 cm above the floor) and released from rest. Find
the speed of each block when the 30.0-kg block is
20.0 cm above the floor (that is, when the spring is
unstretched).
Figure P8.33
8. What If? The particle described in Problem 52
(Fig. P8.52) is released from rest at A, and the
surface of the bowl is rough. The speed of the
particle at B is 1.50 m/s. (a) What is its kinetic
energy at B? (b) How much mechanical energy is
transformed into internal energy as the particle
moves from A to B ? (c) Is it possible to determine
the coefficient of friction from these results in any
simple manner? Explain.
13
Figure P8.59
2.
Figure P9.7
Figure P9.4
3.
4.
5.
14
8.
11.
Figure P9.41
Figure P9.24
9.
Figure P10.20
16
7.
Figure P10.31
10. A potter's wheela thick stone disk of radius
0.500 m and mass 100 kgis freely rotating at 50.0
rev/min. The potter can stop the wheel in 6.00 s by
pressing a wet rag against the rim and exerting a
radially inward force of 70.0 N. Find the effective
coefficient of kinetic friction between wheel and rag.
11. An object with a weight of 50.0 N is attached to
the free end of a light string wrapped around a reel
of radius 0.250 m and mass 3.00 kg. The reel is a
solid disk, free to rotate in a vertical plane about the
horizontal axis passing through its center. The
suspended object is released 6.00 m above the floor.
(a) Determine the tension in the string, the
acceleration of the object, and the speed with which
the object hits the floor. (b) Verify your last answer
by using the principle of conservation of energy to
find the speed with which the object hits the floor.
Figure P10.24
8. A uniform thin solid door has height 2.20 m,
width 0.870 m, and mass 23.0 kg. Find its moment
of inertia for rotation on its hinges. Is any piece of
data unnecessary?
17
j)
+5.00t
m.
Determine
the
angular
momentum of the particle about the origin, as a
function of time.
B 6 i 10 j 9k ,
evaluate
the
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Figure 10.20
19
Figure P11.51
10. Two astronauts (Fig. P11.51), each having a mass
M, are connected by a rope of length d having
negligible mass. They are isolated in space,
orbiting their center of mass at speeds v.
Treating the astronauts as particles, calculate (a)
the magnitude of the angular momentum of the
system and (b) the rotational energy of the
system. By pulling on the rope, one of the
astronauts shortens the distance between them
to d/2.
(c) What is the new angular
momentum of the system? (d) What are the
astronauts new speeds? (e) What is the new
rotational energy of the system? (f) How much
work does the astronaut do in shortening the
rope?
Figure 11.49
2.
A carpenter's square has the shape of an L,
as in Figure 2. Locate its center of gravity.
Figure 2
Figure 1
20
Figure 4
7.
One end of a uniform 4.00-m-long rod of
weight Fg is supported by a cable. The other end
rests against the wall, where it is held by friction, as
in Figure 5. The coefficient of static friction between
the wall and the rod is s = 0.500. Determine the
minimum distance x from point A at which an
additional weight Fg (the same as the weight of the
rod) can be hung without causing the rod to slip at
point A.
Figure 3
5. A 15.0-m uniform ladder weighing 500 N rests
against a frictionless wall. The ladder makes a 60.0
angle with the horizontal. (a) Find the horizontal
and vertical forces the ground exerts on the base of
the ladder when an 800-N firefighter is 4.00 m from
the bottom. (b) If the ladder is just on the verge of
slipping when the firefighter is 9.00 m up, what is
21
Figure 7
10. A uniform sign of weight Fg and width 2L hangs
from a light, horizontal beam, hinged at the wall and
supported by a cable (Fig. 8). Determine (a) the
tension in the cable and (b) the components of the
reaction force exerted by the wall on the beam, in
terms of Fg, d, L, and .
Figure 5
8. A hungry bear weighing 700 N walks out on a
beam in an attempt to retrieve a basket of food
hanging at the end of the beam (Fig. 6). The beam is
uniform, weighs 200 N, and is 6.00 m long; the
basket weighs 80.0 N. (a) Draw a free-body diagram
for the beam. (b) When the bear is at x = 1.00 m, find
the tension in the wire and the components of the
force exerted by the wall on the left end of the beam.
(c) What If? If the wire can withstand a maximum
tension of 900 N, what is the maximum distance the
bear can walk before the wire breaks?
Figure 8
11.
A steel wire of diameter 1 mm can support a
tension of 0.2 kN. A cable to support a tension of 20
kN should have diameter of what order of
magnitude?
12.A 200-kg load is hung on a wire of length 4.00 m,
cross-sectional area 0.200 104 m2, and Young's
modulus 8.00 1010 N/m2. What is its increase in
length?
Figure 6
9. Two identical uniform bricks of length L are
placed in a stack over the edge of a horizontal
22
23
Figure P13.23
Figure P13.5
3.
The free-fall acceleration on the surface of
the Moon is about one-sixth that on the surface of
the Earth. If the radius of the Moon is about 0.250 RE,
find the ratio of their average densities, Moon/
Earth.
4. On the way to the Moon the Apollo astronauts
reached a point where the Moon's gravitational pull
became stronger than the Earth's. (a) Determine the
distance of this point from the center of the Earth.
(b) What is the acceleration due to the Earth's
gravitation at this point?
5. Three objects of equal mass are located at three
corners of a square of edge length as in Figure
Figure P13.25
7. At the Earth's surface a projectile is launched
straight up at a speed of
10.0 km/s. To what height will it rise? Ignore air
resistance and the rotation of the Earth.
8. A system consists of three particles, each of mass
5.00 g, located at the corners of an equilateral
triangle with sides of 30.0 cm. (a) Calculate the
potential energy of the system. (b) If the particles are
released simultaneously, where will they collide?
24
Figure P13.13
10. Many people assume that air resistance acting on
a moving object will always make the object slow
down. It can actually be responsible for making the
object speed up. Consider a 100-kg Earth satellite in
a circular orbit at an altitude of 200 km. A small
force of air resistance makes the satellite drop into a
circular orbit with an altitude of 100 km. (a)
Calculate its initial speed. (b) Calculate its final
speed in this process. (c) Calculate the initial energy
of the satellite-Earth system. (d) Calculate the final
energy of the system. (e) Show that the system has
lost mechanical energy and find the amount of the
loss due to friction. (f) What force makes the
satellite's speed increase? You will find a free-body
diagram useful in explaining your answer
11. (a) Determine the amount of work (in joules)
that must be done on a 100-kg payload to elevate it
to a height of 1 000 km above the Earth's surface. (b)
25