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Chapter 26
Capacitance
and
Dielectrics
Introduction
Resistor
Capacitor
Inductor
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Capacitors
radio receivers
filters in power supplies
energy-storing devices in electronic flashes
Capacitors
Geometra
Material que separa los conductores
(dielctrico)
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Definition of Capacitance
Makeup of a Capacitor
A capacitor consists of
two conductors
A potential difference
exists between the plates
due to the charge
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Each plate is
connected to a
terminal of the
battery
If the capacitor is
initially uncharged,
the battery
establishes an
electric field in the
connecting wires
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The plate, the wire and the terminal are all at the
same potential
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Capacitance Isolated
Sphere
4oR
V keQ / R ke
Note, this is independent of the charge
and the potential difference
Q
V
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V=Ed
V/d=E
VC = Ed
VA= VAlambres
EAlambres
VB
VC= VB
VC= VB
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A
Q
Q
Q
o
V Ed Qd / o A
d
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Energy in a Capacitor
Overview
Energy in a Capacitor
Overview, cont
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Capacitance of a Cylindrical
Capacitor
V 2ke ln b / a
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Capacitance of a Spherical
Capacitor
The potential
difference will be
1 1
V keQ
b a
The capacitance will
be
Q
ab
C
V k e b a
Circuit Symbols
A circuit diagram is a
simplified representation
of an actual circuit
Circuit symbols are used
to represent the various
elements
Lines are used to
represent wires
The batterys positive
terminal is indicated by the
longer line
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Capacitors in Parallel
Capacitors in Parallel, 2
Qtotal = Q1 + Q2
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Capacitors in Parallel, 3
The equivalent
capacitor must have
exactly the same
external effect on the
circuit as the original
capacitors
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Ceq = C1 + C2 +
The equivalent capacitance of a parallel
combination of capacitors is greater
than any of the individual capacitors
Capacitors in Series
When a battery is
connected to the
circuit, electrons are
transferred from the
left plate of C1 to the
right plate of C2
through the battery
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Capacitors in Series, 2
Capacitors in
Series, 3
An equivalent capacitor
can be found that performs
the same function as the
series combination
The potential differences
add up to the battery
voltage
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Ceq C1 C2
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Problem-Solving Hints
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Equivalent Capacitance,
Example
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q
Q2
dq
C
2C
Energy, cont
Q
V
Q2 1
1
Q V C ( V ) 2
2C 2
2
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Energy, final
Defibrillators
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Si ahora se inserta un material dielctrico entre las placas, el voltmetro indica que
el voltaje entre las placas disminuye un valor V.
Los voltajes con y sin dielctrico estn relacionados mediante el factor k como
sigue:
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Types of Capacitors
Electrolytic
Types of Capacitors
Variable
Variable capacitors
consist of two
interwoven sets of
metallic plates
One plate is fixed and
the other is movable
These capacitors
generally vary between
10 and 500 pF
Used in radio tuning
circuits
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