Solid Waste things we commonly describe as garbage refuse and solid trash

(7) Classifictation of Solid Waste According to Point of Origin

1. Domestic
2. Institutional
3. Commercial
4. Industrial
5. Demolition or constructional
6. Street
7. Agricultural
(4) Classifictation of Solid Waste According to Nature of Material
1. Organic
2. Inorganic
3. Combustible
4. Non-combustible
Refuse Materials
Kind
Garbage
Rubbish
Ashes
Street Refuse
Dead Animals
Industrial Waste
Construction Waste

Composition
Waste from preparation of
Food
Paper, Carton, Boxes
Residue from fire used for
cooking
Sweeping, dirt, leaves
Cats, dogs, horses
Food
processing
waste,
boiler, shavings
Scrap lumber, pipe

Sources
Households,
institutions
Households,
institutions
-do-

restaurants,
restaurants,

Streets, sidewalks, alleys

Streets, sidewalks, alleys
Factories, power plants
New construction remodeling

Hazardous Waste combination of solid waste

Hazardous Waste Management a comprehensive and integrated management of toxic substances and
hazardous.
Four Characteristic of Hazardous Waste
1. Ignitable causes or enhances fires
2. Corrosive destroys tissues or metals
3. Reactive reacts with other and may explode
4. Toxic danger to health, water, food and air.
Three main goal of Hazardous Waste Management
1. Protection of the Environment
2. Improvement public health
3. Conservation of energy
(4) The sequence of hierarchy in the management of generated waste are as follows
1. Source Reduction reducing the volume and toxicity of hazardous waste
2. Recycling reusing the waste
3. Waste treatment, including incineration explored before considering land disposal
4. Land disposal least desirable option

Solid Waste Management Program

Solid waste
management

Collection and
storage

Vehicle
Maintenance

Transfer
Solutions

Recycling and
composting

Disposal

Landfil
Operation

Household
Hazardous
Waste
Collection/Stora
ge

Municipal
Waste
Combustor

Source Reduction and Minimization Reducing the amount that is generated at the following 4 sources
1.
2.
3.
4.

Production units for food and household products

Production units for commercial products
Shopping outlets/household
Offices, commercial and institution

(6) Types of Composters

1. Twin Pits
2. Tire Towers
3. Bottomless Composters
4. Clay pot Composters
5. Plastic Bag Composters
6. Compost bins
Three types of Sanitary Landfill
1. Trench Method first excavated, its base and sides being properly lined.
2. Area Method the waste is spread and compacted on the natural surface of the ground
3. Ramp Method is combination/variation of the area and trenching techniques.
(6) Effective implementation of the program offers both tangible and non-tangible benefits such as:
1. Reduced operating cost
2. Reduced risk liability
3. Improved corporate image
4. Reduced ecological damage
5. Improved employee and public health
6. Improved compliance to environmental legislation
(4) The Critical elements of successful pollution prevention program are as follows:
1. Top Management Commitment
2. Clear Scope and Objective
3. Employee Participation
4. Environmental Audit as a tool for waste and cost accounting
(3) Waste Management Task Force. Following Members are as follows
1. Program Leader
2. Cause Champions
3. Other team members

(7) A good waste audit provides the following:

1. Defines the sources, quantities and type of waste being generated
2. Information on unit operations, materials, products, water usage and waste
3. Highlights process inefficiencies and areas of poor management
4. Help set targets for waste reduction
5. ----6. ----7. Increase Knowledge of the process

(8) Inland waters provide services such as:

1. Buffer water flow by controlling volume flow
2. Dilute, transport and process waste
3. Cyle nutrients to and from the land, air and oceans
4. Maintain biodiversity
5. Provide aquatic habitat for fishery and wildlife resources
6. Facilitate shipping/transportation
7. Provide employment and recreation
8. Contribute to aesthetic beauty
(8) Major water pollutant
1. Disease Causing
2. Oxygen demanding waste
3. Water soluble inorganic chemicals
4. Inorganic plant nutrients
5. Organic chemicals
6. Segments or suspended materials
7. Water soluble radio-active isotopes
8. Heat absorbed by water
9. Generic pollution
There are 5 ways which supply of fresh water can be increase
1. Build dams: and reservoir to store water
2. Bring in surface water from another area or diverting stream flow
3. Withdraw ground water
4. Convert salt water to fresh water
5. Improve the efficiency of water use
Major Rivers sources of hydroelectric power
Wetlands provide habitat for wildlife, filter pollutants
Coastal Water provide similar services and products
Water Pollution Defined as any chemical, biological or physical change in water quality that has effect on
living organisms

(3) Waste Management Task Force. Following Members are as follows

(4) Classifictation of Solid Waste According to Nature of Material
(4) The Critical elements of successful pollution prevention program are as follows:
(4) The sequence of hierarchy in the management of generated waste are as follows
(6) Effective implementation of the program offers both tangible and non-tangible benefits such as:
(6) Types of Composters
(7) A good waste audit provides the following:
(7) Classifictation of Solid Waste According to Point of Origin
(8) Inland waters provide services such as:
(8) Major water pollutant
Four Characteristic of Hazardous Waste
Reducing the amount that is generated at the following 4 sources
There are 5 ways which supply of fresh water can be increase
Three main goal of Hazardous Waste Management
Three types of Sanitary Landfill
Refuse Materials
Kind

Composition

Sources

________________ a comprehensive and integrated management of toxic substances and hazardous.

________________ causes or enhances fires
________________ combination of solid waste
________________ danger to health, water, food and air.
________________ Defined as any chemical, biological or physical change in water quality that has effect on
living organisms
________________ destroys tissues or metals
________________ explored before considering land disposal
________________ first excavated, its base and sides being properly lined.
________________ is combination/variation of the area and trenching techniques.
________________ least desirable option
________________ provide habitat for wildlife, filter pollutants
________________ provide similar services and products
________________ reacts with other and may explode
________________ reducing the volume and toxicity of hazardous waste
________________ reusing the waste
________________ sources of hydroelectric power
________________ the waste is spread and compacted on the natural surface of the ground