TDAE Product Tank

DOCUMENT NUMBER

REV
DATE
MECHANICAL DESIGN CALCULATION FOR
0
HSD STORAGE TANK
0
07 Oct 2016
12. SEISMIC DESIGN OF STORAGE TANKS (App. E, API 650, 11th EDITION, AD3 AND ERRATA,OCTOBER 2011)

PAGES

Determining Spectral Acceleration Parameters

In region outside the USA, where the regulatory requirements for determining design ground motion differ from the
ASCE 7 methods prescribed in appendix E, API 650, the following methods may be utilized :
If no response spectra shape is prescribed and only the peak ground acceleration, Sp, is defined, then the following
substitutions shall apply :
S0 =
SP =
0,150 g
Spectral response acceleration parameter at short period (0.2 sec), Ss = 2.5 Sp

SS

0,375 g

Spectral response acceleration parameter at a period of 1 second, S1 = 1.25 Sp

S1

0,188 g

Restriction Par. E.4.4

The maximum considered earthquake spectral response accelerations for peak ground acceleration, shall be modified
by the appropriate site coefficient, Fa and Fv from Tables E-1 and E-2
Where the soil properties are not known in sufficient detail to determine the site class, site class D shall be assumed
No soil or site class parameters were given in the local regulation,
Assuming Site Class D , and interpolating
Acceleration-based site coefficient (at 0.2 sec period) =
Fa =
Velocity-based site coefficient (at 1.0 sec period) =
Fv =

1,50
2,05

Design Spectral Response Accelerations (Par. E-4-6)

SUG :
II (Storage tank in terminal or industrial area)
, Important factor =
Q =
1,0
(ASCE 7 does not apply)
Design spectral response acceleration parameter at short period (0.2 sec), SDS = QFaSS

1,25
SDS =

0,563 g

Design spectral response acceleration parameter at a period of 1 second, SD1= QFvS1

SD1 =

0,384 g

Design spectral response acceleration parameter at zero second, SD0= QS0

SD0 =

0,150 g

TS = SD1/SDS

0,6833 seconds

T0 = 0.2SD1/SDS

0,1367 seconds

Impulsive design response spectrum acceleration coefficient (E.4.6.1)

= SDS (I/Rwi)
However,
Ai >=
0,007
=
0,185
>
0,007
(OK)
Where :
Assume tank is self-anchored (see par. E.5.5.1, Table E-4)
Force reduction factors for the impulsive mode using ASD method
Importance factor

Ai

0,185 g

Ai

Convective design response spectrum acceleration coefficient (E.4.6.1)

Impulsive Natural Periode (par. E.4.5.1)
Natural period of vibration for impulsive mode of behavior
Ti

Rwi

=
I =

AC

Ti

3,50
1,15

0,0707 g

0,21 s

6,05 (From fig. E-1)

= [1/(2000)^0.5][CiH/(tu/D)^0.5][^0.5/E^0.5]

where,
Coefficient for determining impulsive period of tank system

Ci

Equivalent uniform thickness of tank shell

tu

10,00 mm

Mass Density of Fluid

Elastic Modulus of tank Material

=
=

3
1.000 kg/m
210.000 MPa

As per par. EC.4.5.1 :

TS

Ti <
0,21 <

0,6833

(OK)

Convective (Sloshing) Periode (par. E.4.5.2)

The sloshing period coefficient,

KS

0,578

Where :
Tank diameter,

D =

Maximum design Product level, m

H =

17,300
56,759
17,000
55,774
0,98
1,02

KS

= 0.578/SQRT(tanh(3.68H/D))

H/D =
D/H =
TC

Natural period of the convective (sloshing) mode of behavior of the liquid,

TC

m
ft
m
ft

4,330 s

= 1.8 Ks D^0.5

In region outside the USA, where the regulatory requirements for determining design ground motion differ from the
ASCE 7 methods prescribed in appendix E, API 650, TL shall be taken as 4 seconds
TL

Regional-dependent transition period for longer period ground motion

Coefficient to adjust the spectral acceleration from 5%-0.5% damping
Design spectral response acceleration parameter at a period of 1 second,
Assume tank is self-anchored (see par. E.5.5.1, Table E-4)
Force reduction coefficient for the convective mode using ASD Methods,

=
K =
SD1 =

4s
1,5
0,384 g

RWC =

2,00

Tc = 4,330 s

<= TL =

4s

Ac =

KSD1 (1/Tc) (I/Rwc)

<=

Ai =

0,185 (NOT OK)

Tc = 4,330 s

>

TL =

4s

Ac =

KSD1 (TL/Tc2) (I/Rwc)

= 0,0707 <=

Ai =

0,185 (OK)

N/A

Calculation of Equivalent Lateral Force & Lateral Force Distribution (Determine the Seismic Base Shear)
Total weight of shell & appurtenances
Ws =
597671,913 N
Wta =
7091,149 N
Wattc-s =
89650,787 N

WS

694.413,85 N

Total weight of the tank contents based on the design specific gravity of the product

WP

39.201.259,11 N

Determine the Impulsive Water Parameters

Effective impulsive portion of the liquid weight
For D/H =
1,02 >= 1,333

Wi

30.504.575,07 N

Wr

123.915,88 N

WF

96.483,89 N

Wi

= (tanh(0.866 D/H)*Wp)/(0.866 D/H)

For D/H =
Wi

1,02

<

N/A

1,333

= (1.0-0.218 D/H) Wp

30.504.575,07 N

Total weight of fixed tank roof including framing, knuckles, and any permanent
attachments and 10% of the roof design snow load (assumed without snow),
Wr =
107.752,94 N
Wattc-r =
16.162,94 N
Weight of tank bottom
Wb =
91.889,4
Wattc-b =
4.594,47

N
N

Determine the convective Water Parameters

WC

9.161.883,23 N

Design base shear due to the impulsive component from effective weight of
tank and contents, Vi = Ai x (Ws+Wr+Wf+Wi)

Vi

5.806.976,30 N

Design base shear due to the convective component of the effective sloshing
weight, Vc = Ac x Wc

VC

647.864,78 N

5.843.004,58 N

Xi

XC

0,0125353 m

Xr

5,67 m

Xis

N/A m

Effective convective (sloshing) portion of the liquid weight

WC

= 0.230 D/H tanh(3.67 H/D) Wp

Total Design Base Shear (The seismic base shear), V =

(Vi2+Vc2)0.5

Determine the Seismic Overturning Moment

Center of action for Ringwall Overturning Moment (Par. E.6.1.2.1)
Height from the bottom of the tank shell to the center of action of the lateral
seismic force related to the Impulsive liquid force for ringwall moment
For D/H =
Xi

>=

1,02

<

N/A m

0,01 m

1,333

= (0.5 - 0.094 D/H) H

Height from the bottom of the tank shell to the center of action of the lateral
seismic force related to the convective liquid force for ringwall moment
XC

1,333

= 0.375 H

For D/H =
Xi

1,02

0,006874

= [1.0-(cosh(3.67 H/D) -1)/(3.67 H/D sinh(3.67 H/D)] H

Height from the bottom of the tank shell to the roof and roof appurtenances
centre of gravity
Center of action for Slab Overturning Moment (Par. E.6.1.2.2)
Height from the bottom of the tank shell to the center of action of the lateral
seismic force related to the Impulsive liquid force for slab moment
For D/H =
1,02 >= 1,333

Xis

= 0.375 [1.0 + 1.333 ((0.866 D/H)/(tanh(0.866 D/H)) - 1) ] H

For D/H =

Xis

1,02

<

1,333

= (0.500 + 0.060 D/H) H

Height from the bottom of the tank shell to the center of action of the lateral
seismic force related to the convective liquid force for slab moment
XCS

= [1.0 - ((cosh(3.67 H/D)-1.937) / (3.67 H/D sinh(3.67 H/D))) ] H

Overturning Moment (Par. E.6.1.5)

Calculation for CG of Shell
#
W (kg)
Y (m)
1 14.335,24
1,2
2 10.239,46
3,6
3
9.215,51
6
4
8.191,56
8,4
5
6.143,67
10,8
6
6.143,67
10,8
7
3.583,81
10,3
8
3.071,84
9,2

N/A m

W x Y (kg-m)
17.202,29
36.862,04
55.293,06
68.809,14
66.351,67
66.351,67
36.913,24
28.260,90

N/A m

XCS

N/A m

60.924,76

376.044,01
XS

Height from the bottom of the tank shell to the shell's center of gravity,
Ringwall moment-Portion of the total overturning moment that acts at the base
of the tank shell perimeter,

Mrw =

6,17 m

960.732,67 N-m

Mrw = SQRT [(Ai (Wi Xi + Ws Xs + Wr Xr))^2 + (Ac (Wc Xc))^2]

Slab moment-Portion of the total overturning moment that acts at the base of
the tank shell perimeter,
MS

MS

AV

0,0788 g

Ni

143,82 N/mm

N/A N-m

= SQRT [(Ai (Wi Xis + Ws Xs + Wr Xr))^2 + (Ac (Wc Xcs))^2]

Vertical Seismic Effect (Par. E.6.1.3)

Vertical earthquake acceleration coefficient, Av = 0.14 x SDS
Dinamic Liquid Hoop Forces (Par. E.6.1.4)
Impulsive hoop membrane force in tank shell (at the base of the tank)
For D/H =
1,02 >= 1,333

Ni

= 8.48 Ai GDH [Y/H - 0.5 (Y/H)^2] tanh(0.866 D/H)

N/A

N/mm

Where :
Distance from liquid surface to analysis point, (positive down), m

Y =
Y/H =
Y/D =

Specific gravity,
For D/H =

Ni

1,02

<

1,333 and Y =

17,167 m

<

= 5.22 Ai G D^2 [Y/(0.75 D) - 0.5(Y/(0.75 D))^2]

For D/H =

Ni

1,02

= 2.6 Ai G D^2

<
=

1,333 and Y

0.75 D = 12,975 m
=

17,167 m

17,167
1,010
0,992

N/A

N/mm

>= 0.75 D = 12,975 m

143,819534 N/mm

NC =

Convective hoop membrane force in tank shell (at the base of the tank)
For all proportions of D/H :

2,11 N/mm

NC = 1.85 Ac G D^2 cosh[3.68 (H-Y) / D] / cosh[3.68 H/D]

Total combined hoop stress in the shell,

123,03 Mpa
(max)

Nh =

8.083,16 lb/in.

When vertical acceleration need not be considered (i.e., Av = 0)

h +- s = [Nh +- SQRT(Ni^2 + Nc^2) ] / t

NA

Where :
Product hydrostatic membrane force at the base of tank, Nh = 2.6(H-1)DG
Thickness of the shell ring under consideration,

Mpa

(max)

1.417,33 N/mm
13,00 mm

When vertical acceleration is specified

(Av > 0)

h +- s = [Nh +- SQRT(Ni^2 + Nc^2 + (Av Nh)^2) ] / t

Hoop Stresses (Par. 6.2.4)

The maximum allowable hoop tension membrane stress is the lesser of
*) 1.333 x Sd =
182,62 Mpa
(GOVERN) >
123,03 Mpa
*) 0.9 Fy =
184,50 Mpa

123,03 Mpa

(max)

(OK)

Resistance to the design overturning (ringwall) moment at the base of the shell (Par. E.6.2.1)
1 Self-Anchored (Par. E.6.2.1.1)
Calculating Anchorage Ratio "J" and Self-Anchored Annular Plate
Force resisting uplift in annular region (The resisting force for a
wa

40.260,99 N/m

ta

7,00 mm

Thickness of tank bottom less corrosion allowance

tb

7,00 mm

Minimum specified yield strength of bottom annulus,

Effective specific Gravity including vertical seismic effects = G (1-0.4Av)

Fy

Ge

205,00 MPa
0,97

Tank and roof weight acting at the base of shell,

wt

14.144,80 N/m

self-anchored tank),
wa

0.5
= 99ta x (Fy H Ge)
= 40.260,99

<= 201.1 HDGe

57.280,49

Where :
Thickness, excluding corrosion allowance of the bottom annulus under the
shell required to provide the resisting force for self anchorage. The bottom
plate for this thickness shall extend radially at least the distance, L, from the
inside of the shell. This term applies for self-anchored tanks only.

wt = [Ws / ( D) + wrs]
Where :
Roof load acting on the tank shell including 10% of the roof design snow
Wrs =

load (assumed 60% of Wr without snow),

wrs = Wrs/D
Roof load acting on the shell
Anchorage Ratio (Par. E.6.2.1.1.1),
J

= Mrw / [ D^2 (wt(1-0.4 Av) + wa -0.4 wint)]

0,06 <

Limit for Anchorage:

Where :
Calculated design uplift load due to product pressure per unit
wint = U/C
circumferential length,
U = Uplift load due to Product pressure =
[(P-0.08 th) x D^2 x 785] - W1 =
P = Product (internal) pressure , kpa
=
0,1000 kpa
th = Roof plate thickness (mm) =
9,00 mm
D = Tank diameter (m) =
17,300 m
W1 = Dead Load of shell minus any CA and any dead load other than roof
plate acting on the shell minus any CA (kN) =
Wse + Wrfe = 526,52 kN
Wse =
kN
526,52
Wrfe =
0,00
kN
C = Circumference of tank
=
54,35
m
Due to J =

wrs

74.349,53 N
1.367,99 N/m
0,06
1,540

wint =
-146179,33 N

1,54 , then

No calculated uplift under the design seismic overturning moment. The tank is self-anchored.

-2689,61 N/m

2 Mechanically-Anchored (Par. E.6.2.1.2)

When tanks are anchored, the resisting weight of product shall not be used to reduce the calculated uplift load on
the anchors.
Calculated design uplift load on anchors per unit circumferential length,
wAB = (1.273 Mrw / D^2 - wt (1-0.4 Av))

wAB = NA

N/m

PAB

= NA

nA

= NA

+ wint

Anchor design load,

= wAB ( D / nA)
Where :
Number of equally-spaced anchors around the tank circumference
For Tank Anchorage see Anchor Calculation

PAB

Maximum Longitudinal Shell-Membrane Compression Stress (Par. E.6.2.2)

1 Shell Compression in Self-Anchored Tanks (Par. E.6.2.2.1)
Maximum longitudinal shell compression stress
When there is no calculated uplift, J < 0.785

= (wt (1 + 0.4 Av) + 1.273 Mrw / D^2) x 1 / (1000 ts)

1,44 Mpa

ts

13,00 mm

1,44 Mpa

Where :
Thickness of bottom shell course less corrosion allowance
When there is calculated uplift, 0.785 < J < 1.54

= ((wt (1 + 0.4 Av) + wa)/(0.607 - 0.18667 (J)^2.3) - wa) x 1 / (1000 ts)

= NA
Mpa

2 Shell Compression in Mechanically-Anchored Tanks (Par. E.6.2.2.2)

Maximum longitudinal shell compression stress

= (wt (1 + 0.4 Av) + 1.273 Mrw / D^2) x 1 / (1000 ts)

= NA

= NA

Mpa

MPa

Allowable Longitudinal Shell-Membrane Compression Stress (Par. E.6.2.2.3)

When : GHD2/t2

141,33 >

44

Fc = 83 ts / D
=
62,37 MPa
Where :
Min thickness of 1st shell course
When : GHD2/t2
Fc =

Used Fc
Where :

141,33 <

6,00 mm

Fty

205,00 MPa

44

83 ts / (2.5 D) + 7.5 (GH)^0.5

= NA
= NA

<

(0.5 Fty =

102,5 Mpa)

MPa
MPa

Minimum specified yield strength of shell course,

Result :
Allowable longitudinal shell-membrane compression stress (Fc) =

62,37 MPa >

1,44 MPa

(OK)

E.7.2 Freeboard
Sloshing of the liquid within the tank or vessel shall be considered in determining the freeboard required above the top capacity
liquid level.
The height of the sloshing wave above the product design height can be estimated by :

s =

0,5 D Af =

1,3297 m

For SUG I and II

When, Tc = 4,33
When,

Tc =

4,33

<

Af = K SD1 I (1/TC)

= N/A

>

Af = K SD1 I [4/(TC)^2]

0,1537

Where :
K = 1,5
SD1 = 0,384 %g
I=

1,25

Table E-7
For SDS =

0,563 %g >

Provided Freeboard Height =

0,33

%g Minimum Required Freeboard

s(min) =

0.7

s =

0,9308 m

0,54 m

E.7.6 Sliding Resistance

The transfer of the total lateral shear force between the tank and the subgrade shall be considered.
For self-anchored flat-bottom steel tanks, the overall horizontal seismic shear force shall be resisted by friction between the tank
bottom and the foundation or subgrade. Self-anchored storage tanks shall be proportioned such that the calculated seismic base
shear, V, does not exceed Vs
Vs = ( Ws + Wr + Wf + Wp ) (1.0 - 0.4 Av)

(E.7.6-1)

15.540.966,57 N
> V = 5.843.004,6 N (OK)
Where :
Vs = average shear wave velocity at large strain levels for the soils beneath the foundation
= the friction coefficient =
0,4
Ws =
Wr =
Wf =
Wp =
Av =

694.413,85
123.915,88
96.483,89
39.201.259
0,0788 %g

N
N
N
N