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Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION

Situation Analysis
In this day, people are often more concern in cleanliness at home, outside their
houses, food they eat, water they drink and also to the things they use every day. Clothes
are the main thing that restricted to human beings and is a feature of nearly all human
societies. It reflects also the standard of our modesty and social status. Clothing may also
function as a form of adornment and an expression of personal taste or style
(http.en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/clothing retrieved February 13, 2014).
You can have the best quality clothing in the world but if you dont know how to
properly care for it, you are going to be disappointed with those stains it will encounter.
Costumer spending money in clothes deserves to understand all the options available to
them including the best ways to extend the life of clothes as long as possible. In other
words, cleaning stain is very important to extend the use of clothes. Though, people
usually use bleach to remove any of those apparent stains that appear on clothing.
However most people do not realize the damaging effects using bleach has on fabric.
Bleach does have a reputation on destroying the quality of clothing due to this ability to
breakdown fabric fibers. Its interesting because most people continue to bleach a stain
remover or whitening despite the effects. This study will go into the details about how to
keep the stains out of clothes without using bleach. The point is to find the stain removal
treatments that wont cause damaging effects to fabric but are still effective in removing
stains (accessibleclothing.com/how-to-remove-stains-from-white-clothes-without-bleach,
retrieved February 13, 2014).

This stain removal segment chosen one homemade version of stain remover
together with a laundry detergent, since detergents happen to be a common ingredient
most people have in their homes. This study suggests using powdered bivalve clams sea
shell in removing stain in clothes. Clams are kind of shell that is marine and freshwater
mollusk with laterally compressed body enclosed by a shell in two hinged part composed
of calcium carbonate used as a cleaning agent like the shell of an egg. Their shells are
often seen at the seashores. All you have to do is crushed some of dry sea shells and add
some wetted detergents. After that, apply it to the necessary part of a cloth attached by
stain. You will see that seashell powder will slowly contact into the stain and the stain
will easily vanish. It will act as nontoxic abrasive.
This study will prove that using seashells in stain removal was effective.
Objectives of the Study
The point of this study is to spread wide range of ideas about sea shells. It defines the
kinds and uses specially its function as stain remover.
This study will also answer and define the following objectives:
1.
2.
3.
4.

To produce stain remover using seashells.

To illustrate steps on how to use seashells in removing stains.
To discuss how seashells remove stains in clothes.
To compare it with other various easy and homemade stain remover.

Hypothesis

1. The researchers failed to produce stain remover using seashells.

2. The researchers failed to illustrate the steps on how to use seashells in removing
stains.
3. The researchers failed to discuss how seashells remove stains in clothes.
4. Other methods are much better than the output in removing stains in clothes.
Definition of Terms.
Detergent. It is a surfactant or a mixture of surfactants with "cleaning properties in dilute
solutions."
Seashells. It is a hard, protective outer layer created by an animal that lives in the sea.
Stain. It is a discoloration that can be clearly distinguished from the surface, material, or
medium it is found upon.
Bleach. The degree of whiteness obtain by bleaching.

Chapter 2
METHODOLOGY

Research Design

The research design used in the study was experimental and comparative research
design. All procedures will be done accurately and orderly. The result and finish product
will present after the trials done.
Procedures and Materials
Materials:
Seashells
Stained Clothes
Detergents
Water
Mortar and Pestle

Procedures:
Step 1
First, the researcher gather materials needed for doing the product like
seashells, detergents, water and mortar & pestle. Bleach and stained cloth will also
used for the testing of the product.

Step 2
Wash and clean the seashells gathered and dried it under the sun for half of the day.

Step 3
Dried seashells must be crush out using mortar and pestle. Removed all the
black and other color mixed on the crushed seashells to avoid added stains on the
cloth.

Step 4
Try out the crushed seashells to a stain cloth with a basin of water before proceed
to the next step. In this way, the product will compare to the bleach and detergent.

Step 5
The crushed seashells must mix with a detergent for a better effectiveness for
removing stain in cloth. The detergent and seashells to be use is depends on the
stains you will remove.
Step 6
Test also the effectiveness of the finished product to a stained cloth. Try out also
the effectiveness of other bivalves like oyster and mussel.Take noted all the results and
compare.

Chapter 3
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Graph 1
The Graph shows the Comparison of Effectiveness of the Finish Product from
the Detergent and Bleach. The estimated percentage out of 100% is bases on the
result of the first examine of the finish product.

80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

Finish Product

Detergent Only

Bleach Only

The graph shows that crushed out seashells is effective than using chlorine/bleach
and detergents only because it haves satisfy high level of percentage. In stained white

cloth, the seashells contain 80% effective in removing the stain well than the detergents
and bleach. The finish product also removed stains in colored clothes without any
damaged in fabric and in colors of the cloth. Bleach does have a reputation on destroying
the quality of clothing due to this ability to breakdown fabric fibers but seashell is not.
Crushed seashell is also the same with the eggshell; they are both effective in whitening
and removing stains in things such as tiles, cabinets, plastic containers and other things.
Detergents and the finish product are safe to use.
Graph 2
The graph shows the percentage of respondents evaluating that product
effective or not effective.

% of persons saying that it is Effective

% of Persons Saying that it is not Effective

The graph shows the percentage of respondents evaluating that product effective
and not effective. We examine the effectiveness of the product by washing stained cloth.

It also compared to the result in washing stained cloth using bleach and detergent only.8
out of 10 people believe that it is effective. Most who witness the trial of the product says
that it is effective because it removed much of the stains than using bleach. The others
said that the product is not effective because it cannot removed all the stained and
whitened the cloth.
Graph 3
The bar graph shows the comparison of different bivalves about the topic,
Seashells as Stain Remover.
90
80
70
60
50
40

Clams(White)

Oyster(Clean)

Mussels

30
20
10
0
White Stained Cloth

Colored Stained Cloth

Stained Things

This three bivalve seashell are containing calcium carbonate, but they have
different structures and usual habitat. The graph shows that clams are more effective than
oyster and mussels. It stated as 80% even it removed the stain in clothes because it is not
possible to whitens the stained cloth. Clams are white seashells live in seawater. Its color

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is needed for the stain removal segment because there is no other color from it that can be
attached to the fabric. Oyster is bivalves with a hard shell that difficult to crush out, it
contains also sticky ambone. Mussels are long and thin bivalves and sometimes green in
color. The oyster and mussels are not effective for removing stains because of their
structures and colors.
About the finances, the only thing you can buy to use is the detergent. You can
gather seashells to be use on the seashore. Those results showed that the finish product,
crushed seashells, is effective in removing stains.

Chapter 4
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary

This study suggests using powdered bivalve, clams seashell, in removing stain in
clothes. Clams are kind of shell that is marine and freshwater mollusk with laterally
compressed body enclosed by a shell in two hinged part composed of calcium carbonate
used as a cleaning agent like the shell of an egg. Their shells are often seen at the
seashores.
The procedure to make the product is easy to do. The researchers gathered
the materials needed seashells, stained cloth, detergent, basin of water and bleach
also to compare effectiveness of the finish product. Wash and clean the seashells
gathered, dried it and crush out using mortar and pestle. Removed all the black and
other color mixed on the crushed seashells to avoid added stains on the cloth. The
researchers tried out the crushed seashells to a stained cloth and compared to the
bleach and detergent. The crushed seashells must mix with a detergent for a better
effectiveness for removing stain in cloth. The result of the finish product is more
effective than the bleach in removing stains in cloth.
The researchers also tried the effectiveness of clams on the other bivalves
like oyster and mussel. The result is, the clam seashells are more effective and fit for
this homemade stain remover.

Conclusions
The researchers made one of the homemade version of stain remover using
clams seashells. We found out that the finish product is:
1. Effective in removing stains in white and colored cloth.
2. It is fit for removing stains in cloth without any damage in fabric.
3. The clams are more effective than other bivalves like oyster and mussels.
4. It extends the quality of cloth.
5. It is cheaper than the other stain remover.

Recommendations
The researchers recommended about on the topic are:
1. Use seashells instead of using bleach to avoid damage effects on the fabric of
the cloth.
2. Avoid using other bivalves for this segment. The researchers mean to use only
the white clams because it is the only fits for this experiment.
3. Always use the right amount of the product accompany of a detergent to avoid
extraction of the color of the cloth.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
acceesibleclothing.com/how-to-remove-stains-from-white-clothes-withoutbleach/Feb.13,2014
http.en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/clothing. February 13, 2014